HIGH SOLIDS NON-STICK FORMULATION, DILUTED NON-STICK FORMULATION AND METHOD OF USE OF THE DILUTED NON-STICK FORMULATION

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-solids release formulation that uses effective amounts of a fine-particle-size talc, a water-soluble cationic polymer, one or more nonionic surfactants, and one or more alkali metal fatty acid soaps. The high-solids release formulation can be easily shipped to a customer's location and is stable and readily pumpable after shipment. The high-solids release formulation can be diluted to a low-solids formulation for use in release applications, particularly rubber sheet dipping applications. The release formulation provides improved release performance of the coating on uncured rubber products.

Description

HIGH SOLIDS NON-STICK FORMULATION, DILUTED NON-STICK FORMULATION AND METHOD OF USE OF THE DILUTED NON-STICK FORMULATION FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to a non-stick formulation that mainly uses talc that has been treated with a cationic polymer for immersion suspension coating of uncured rubber compounds in non-stick applications. BACKGROUND OF THE TECHNIQUE In the prior art, it is known to use non-stick formulations for coating uncured rubber compounds. Such formulations are applied to the uncured rubber to serve as a process aid. The applied coating prevents the uncured rubber sheets or granules from sticking together (i.e., prevents blocking), thereby allowing the rubber mixer to more easily handle, stack, or transport the uncured rubber to other unit operations, such as compression molds and profile extrusion units. In general terms, release agent formulations commonly employ a range of ingredients such as mineral pigments, blown clays, metal stearate pigments, alkali metal fatty acid soaps, nonionic surfactants, defoamers, pigment suspension aids, waxes, etc. Part of the prior art also describes the use of various water-soluble polymer additives to improve the coating film properties of the applied release agent. Examples of water-soluble polymer additives used in the prior art are: • carbohydrate-based polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or polysaccharides (such as xanthan gums); • non-ionic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or PVA / PVAC copolymers (PVAC = polyvinyl acetate); and • anionic polymers or copolymers based on acrylates (e.g., acrylic binders or latex). One application for non-stick formulations is as an immersion slurry for sheets with a relatively low solids content. This is where freshly uncured rubber comes in. MA / Compound exiting a two-roll mill is passed through a dip slurry tank containing the diluted aqueous anti-adherent formulation to dip-coat rubber sheets. An example of a sheet dip application for an anti-adherent formulation is shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,178,676. This patent describes the use of a surfactant-treated kaolin clay for use as an anti-adherent. U.S. patent no. 4,354,001 describes the use of latex polymers containing carboxylate functionality in combination with fillers as a non-stick composition, but does not teach the use of water-soluble cationic polymers. Document JP 2009 249533 describes the use of a surfactant and a water-soluble polysaccharide polymer (xanthan gum), but does not mention the use of a water-soluble cationic polymer or talc. Document JP 2010 247864 describes the use of a water-soluble PVA polymer to provide a non-stick film on unvulcanized rubber, but does not describe the use of any water-soluble cationic polymer. WO 2018207939 describes a typical non-stick powder product that is dispersed in water at a rubber customer's facility. Non-stick powders of this type are typically dispersed on-site in water with a low solids content (2-6%) for use as dip suspensions for rubber sheets. The inorganic silicates mentioned in this prior art, for example, component E, do not include talc. Instead, mica and kaolin are listed as the desired material. A sodium or potassium fatty acid soap is also employed in this product in combination with an organic surfactant. WO 2017164171 is an example of an anti-stick powder composition that employs a metallic stearate pigment (such as Mg stearate or Zn stearate) as an anti-blocking additive. Document JP 2014095010 describes a moderately high solids content aqueous non-stick dispersion, calculated to have a solids content of approximately 33.5%. This dispersion uses a water-soluble polymer in its formulation (for example, carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum are mentioned), but water-soluble cationic polymers are not mentioned. Carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum are carbohydrate-based polymers frequently used as rheological thickening agents or pigment suspension adjuvants. MA / Document JP 2013124292 describes a non-stick powder composition. This prior art emphasizes convenience through the use of inorganic mineral pigments with a low crystalline silica content (for safety reasons regarding possible inhalation) and also employs non-ionic surfactants (fatty alcohol ethoxylates). Document JP 2011144221 describes a non-stick powder composition that employs two different classes of non-ionic surfactants (fatty alcohol ethoxylates and acetylene-based diol ethoxylates). Document JP 2002363532 describes a non-stick composition that emphasizes an aqueous dispersion of CaCO3 and / or talc in combination with a surfactant packer. However, the dispersion is produced with a low solids content, namely 7.5% solids based on the amount of water specified in this prior art. Document 2001348495 describes an anti-stick composition that employs a water-soluble polymer, such as polyvinyl alcohol, but does not mention the use of a water-soluble cationic polymer in combination with talc as an anti-blocking pigment. Document JP 56-47475 describes a release agent composition that may be a high-solids aqueous formulation. However, this formulation is an emulsion derived from a combination of sodium oleate soap and an unsaturated fatty acid such as oleic acid. There is no description of an aqueous dispersion of a silicate mineral pigment such as talc, nor are there any instructions regarding the use of a water-soluble cationic polymer. Document JP 56-47476 describes a release agent composition that may be a high-solids aqueous formulation. However, this formulation is an emulsion derived from a combination of sodium oleate soap, a hydroxy-terminated silicone, and a fluorosurfactant. There is no description of an aqueous dispersion of a silicate mineral pigment such as talc, nor are there any instructions regarding the use of a water-soluble cationic polymer. Document JP 49-18780 describes a release agent composition that is an aqueous dispersion of a metal stearate antiblocking pigment wetted with a nonionic or anionic surfactant. The total solids content is approximately 30%, and a silicate mineral pigment such as talc is not used. ZA 6902507 describes a non-stick composition that is an aqueous dispersion consisting primarily of a combination of clay mineral, an alkali metal fatty acid soap, and an alkali metal alkyl sulfate surfactant. However, the content of MA / solids of the formulation is quite low (around 25%) and the use of talc or a water-soluble cationic surfactant is not described. U.S. patents 6,156,177 and 6,402,827 describe the formation of flocculated kaolin pigments with cationic polymers for use in paper coatings. The preferred water-soluble cationic polymer in this application is an Epi-DMA polymer with an Mw < 50,000. Neither of these patents relates to non-stick formulations for use on uncured rubber. Furthermore, the use of talc as a dry anti-adherent powder for sprinkling onto elastomeric compounds is well known in the art. The use of talc to produce granular lubricant suspensions for coating uncured rubber pellets is also well known in the industry. Such granular lubricants are typically applied by spraying onto uncured rubber pellets on a rotating drum or, alternatively, the talc suspension is flooded onto freshly formed, hot pellets as they emerge from a rubber extruder such as a Barwell extruder. In these granular lubricant applications, talc-based suspensions are typically used with a solids content of 10 to 18%. The granular lubricant formulations themselves are relatively simple compositions, consisting primarily of talc and various alkali metal soaps and fatty acids.One of these commercial products is sold by SASCO Chemical / PSG and is called Pellet Lube F3. Many state-of-the-art anti-stick dispersions suffer from a number of problems that necessitate improved dispersions for anti-stick applications. These problems include the requirement that dry powder products must be blended on-site to formulate the dispersion, requiring extensive mixing equipment. Other formulations utilize expensive anti-blocking pigments such as metallic stearates. Still other formulations suffer from excessive foaming, pigment settling and syneresis, hard and gummy dip suspension sediments that hinder preparation of the dip suspension dispersion, environmental concerns such as the presence of asbestiform fibrous materials or high levels of total crystalline silica (TCS) in the associated mineral pigmentation, and / or simply inferior anti-stick performance. As such, there is a need to provide improved non-stick dispersions that avoid or minimize the problem with current non-stick products and dispersions. The invention ML / responds to this need by providing improved non-stick dispersion and a method of use in non-stick applications. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, the invention relates to a non-stick formulation that can be conveniently dispensed as a high-solids liquid concentrate that is easily pumpable and readily diluted with water to a lower solids content for end use as a liquid manure dip coating. The desired non-stick formulation is also relatively inexpensive, as it primarily employs effective talc pigmentation rather than requiring costly anti-blocking pigments such as metallic stearates. Another aspect of the invention is the use of the non-stick formulation in a non-stick coating application such as in the spraying of uncured rubber granules or in the immersion of sheets of uncured rubber sheets. Another aspect of the invention is the diluted non-stick formulation that is useful in non-stick coating applications for uncured rubber compounds, such that the diluted formulation is effective with low solids contents and does not form a hard sediment in dip tanks and suspension lines when left to stand without agitation for long periods of time. Other objects and advantages will become evident as a further description of the invention is made. One aspect of the invention relates to a high total solids aqueous non-stick formulation ranging from 45 to 75% by weight of the formulation, preferably 50-75%. The formulation includes talc particles having an average particle size range of less than 7 microns, the talc particles being present in an amount ranging from 40% to 72% of the total weight of the formulation. The anti-adherent formulation also includes a cationic polyquaternium polymer having a molecular weight between approximately 50,000 and 2,000,000 Daltons in an amount effective to at least prevent the formation of a hard talc deposit when the anti-adherent formulation is used in a diluted form to coat uncured rubber composite products and / or improve the coating coverage of uncured rubber composite products. The formulation may also have one or a combination of the following: a) one or more non-ionic surfactants with an intermediate HLB value of 6 to 12 in a total amount ranging from approximately 0.01 to 4.0% of the total weight of the formulation, preferably up to approximately 3.0%, and more preferably approximately 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of the formulation; and b) one or more alkali metals, saturated or unsaturated, Cs - C20 fatty acid soaps in a total amount ranging from approximately 0.01 to 3.0% of the total weight of the formulation, preferably less than 2.0% by weight of the formulation. An optional additive to the formulation includes one or more suspension adjuvants in a total amount of no more than approximately 2.0% by weight of the formulation. The equilibrium of the aqueous formulation is water. In a more preferred embodiment, the polyquaternary cationic polymer may be in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 0.25% by weight of the formulation, and more preferably less than 0.10% by weight. In terms of viscosity, the viscosity of the aqueous anti-stick concentrate formulation can be controlled to have one or more of the following viscosities: an initial static Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm of 5000 to 25,000 cps; a static Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm aged for two weeks less than 150,000 cps; a dynamic Brookfield viscosity at 20 rpm aged for two weeks less than 25,000; where the initial and aged static and dynamic viscosities are measured using a Brookfield RVDVE heliopath viscometer unit equipped with T-spindles and operated at 2 or 20 rpm and 25 degrees C. The cationic polyquaternary polymer is preferably epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine (Epi-DMA), one or more polyquaterniums, or combinations thereof, and most preferably polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PolyDADMAC). One or more nonionic surfactants may be selected from the group of alkylphenol ethoxylates, 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol ethoxylates, ethoxylates of linear or branched fatty alcohols having a carbon chain length ranging from C-Cis, EO / PO alkoxylates of linear or branched fatty alcohols having a carbon chain length ranging from C-Cis, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated castor oils, 6 MA / ethoxylated fatty amines and PEG esters or diesters of saturated or unsaturated Cs-C20 fatty acids. One or more saturated or unsaturated Cs-C20 fatty acid soaps, of alkali metals, may be selected from sodium or potassium soaps of saturated or unsaturated Cs-C20 fatty acids. While only one talc particle of a single size may be used, the talc may be a mixture of two talc particles of different sizes where the size difference between the two different-sized talc particles is at least two microns. The mixture is preferably based on a weight ratio of larger to smaller particles of 1.5:1 to 9:1. The talc may also be replaced with one or more of another antiblocking pigment in an amount of up to 25% of the total weight of talc in the formulation.The antiblocking pigment can be selected from the group consisting of kaolinite, calcined kaolin clays, smectite clay minerals such as bentonite and hectorite, attapulgite, sepiolite, barite, nepheline syenite, calcium carbonate (ground or precipitated forms), dolomite, fine mica particles consisting of muscovite or phlogopite, feldspars, synthetic amorphous silica pigments such as precipitated silica and pyrogenic silica, alumina trihydrate, hydrotalcite, and various metal stearate pigments such as calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and zinc stearate. Other additives that may be used in the non-stick formulation include one or more antifoaming agents in a total amount of no more than approximately 1.0% of the total weight of the formulation and one or more biocides in a total amount of no more than approximately 0.15% by weight of the formulation. The invention also involves a method of coating an uncured rubber compound to provide non-stick properties to a surface of the rubber compound by using the high-solids non-stick formulation of the invention, diluting it to 110% total solids content, preferably 2-6% and more preferably 3-4%, and applying the diluted non-stick formulation to the rubber compound. Applications may include any type that coats an uncured rubber compound for non-stick purposes, and examples include a suspension application in a dip tank or a spray application. A more preferred non-stick formulation is one that uses at least polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride as a polyquaternary cationic polymer, and a combination of the non-ionic surfactant and one or more alkali metal, saturated or unsaturated, C8-C20 fatty acid soaps, the non-ionic surfactant preferably being one or more of tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates and 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol non-ionic surfactants and one or more alkali metal, saturated or unsaturated, C8-C20 fatty acid soaps that are one or more sodium or potassium soaps of saturated or unsaturated C8-C20 fatty acids and one or more pigment suspension adjuvants of pyrogenic silica, xanthan gum and sepiolite. Another aspect of the invention is to provide an aqueous anti-stick formulation comprising the high-solids anti-stick formulation described above in a diluted form such that the total solids content is approximately in the range of 1 to 10%. This formulation may also have the same aspects as the high-solids formulation in terms of different talc particle sizes, the substitution of talc with one or more anti-blocking pigments, the presence of optional additives, and the like. For the diluted anti-stick formulation, it is preferred that it have a relative sediment volume (RSV) of at least 35 cm³, the relative sediment volume being measured by using 1000 ml of a 4% solids dilute form of the anti-stick suspension formulation in a 1-liter graduated cylinder after 24 hours of static settling. Another aspect of the invention is a method for preparing the aqueous anti-stick formulation having a total solids content ranging from 45 to 75%. This method includes the addition of several components to prepare the anti-stick formulation. More particularly, the addition step adds at least one fine-particle-size talc, one or more cationic polyquaternary polymers, one or both of: (i) one or more non-ionic surfactants with an intermediate HLB value of 6 to 12; and (ii) one or more alkali metal, saturated or unsaturated, C8-C20 fatty acid soaps, an optional amount of one or more suspending aids, antifoaming agents, and biocides, and water to form the aqueous anti-stick formulation.When these various components are added together, the amount of one or more polyquaternary cationic polymers becomes an aqueous solution, and this aqueous solution is used when preparing the non-stick formulation by adding the other components together. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES. Figure 1 is a Horiba laser light scattering particle size distribution curve showing the particle size distribution for two different anti-adherent formulations compared to the particle size distribution of the starting talc pigmentation. MA / t / ZUZZ / UUU IOZ ML / Figure 2 is a photograph of three 1-liter sedimentation test tubes for different talc-based non-stick formulations showing their relative sedimentation volumes. Figure 3 shows photographs of uncured rubber compound sheets after being dipped into different talc-based non-stick formulations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Most rubber anti-stick products are manufactured and delivered as a dry powder. While dry powder maximizes solids content from a freight delivery perspective, it requires extensive on-site mixing equipment at the customer's location to properly disperse the products in aqueous immersion suspensions. Furthermore, the dispersion process necessitates plant personnel monitoring production to ensure the powder preparation protocol yields well-dispersed immersion suspensions with the appropriate percentage of solids. In many cases, the mixing process requires heating the batch water to facilitate the wetting, swelling, and dispersion of the various anti-blocking mineral pigments, as well as extended mixing times to achieve good dispersion.These mixing challenges are particularly the case when the non-stick powder formulation uses any significant amount of swollen clays such as bentonites. Providing the anti-blocking formulation as a pre-dispersed suspension offers a high level of quality and ease of use for the customer. Liquid concentrates can be easily diluted with water to the desired target solids on-site using automated dilution / mixing systems that require minimal supervision. Such liquid concentrates do not require heating since the anti-blocking pigments they contain are already moistened and well-dispersed. However, it is advantageous to provide the liquid concentrate of an anti-blocking formulation in a high-solids form to minimize transportation costs during shipping. The liquid concentrate should also be stable yet fluid and easily pumpable from containers or other vessels using a conventional positive displacement pump.The liquid non-stick formulation of this invention meets these utility requirements by providing a talc dispersion having a solids content equal to or greater than 45%, which is easily handled and pumped, preferably 50% or more. While there is no upper limit for the solids content of the 9. ML / talc dispersion, a practical upper limit is approximately 75%, and the solids content above this amount is too viscous to mix with high shear and pump easily once transported to the customer's premises. Many prior art anti-stick formulations employ costly anti-blocking pigments such as calcium, magnesium, or zinc metal stearate pigments in appreciable quantities, or they may employ expensive anti-blocking additives such as waxes or film-forming polymers (such as polyvinyl alcohol). Minimizing the use of such costly chemical additives is essential to controlling the final cost of the formulation. Therefore, it is particularly advantageous to develop a low-cost anti-blocking coating formulation based primarily on mineral pigments that is effective in reducing the adhesion of uncured elastomeric compounds in sheet or granular form when applied as a coating film by immersion tank suspension or spray application.The anti-adherent formulation should be effective when applied to uncured rubber sheeting with a diluted solids content of 2–6% by weight. The diluted solids content can range from 1–10%, with a preferred range of 2–6%, and even more preferred, 3–4%. The non-stick formulations of the invention consist primarily of one or more fine-particle-size talc pigments, which are low-cost mineral pigments produced by various dry milling processes, such as a spike mill, roller mill, air-swept impact mill, or a jet mill-based dry classification / crushing process. Talc pigments produced by water-wash-based mineral processing technologies are known and commercially available. Water-washed talc pigments can also be used, but they are typically more expensive than dry-milled grades and are not absolutely necessary to produce effective non-stick formulations according to the invention. However, it is important to use talc pigments produced from high-quality minerals that contain a minimal amount of other mineral impurities. The mineral materials should preferably contain no ppm levels or, at most, trace amounts of any asbestiform fibrous material and should also contain a negligible amount of total crystalline silica (TCS) due to the respiratory health hazards attributed to these materials. The TCS content is determined analytically by X-ray diffraction (which has a detection limit of 0.10%) and is defined as the collective sum of all crystalline silica species. MA / which are present in the mineral product as minor impurities. With respect to the TCS value determined by XRD, the three crystalline silica species of primary respiratory concern are quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite. In the non-stick formulations of the invention, therefore, it is preferred that the fine-particle talc pigments have a TCS content of less than 0.5% by weight and, more preferably, less than 0.3% by weight. On the basis of the total liquid formulation, this puts the amount of TCS content at less than 0.25% by weight of the total formula or, more preferably, less than 0.15% by weight of the total formula. Given the recent release of OSHA's reduced occupational exposure guidelines for respirable crystalline silica in general industry applications (see 29 CFR 1910.1053), rubber mixers are increasingly concerned about the use of release agents containing high levels of crystalline silica. Many rubber manufacturers require suppliers to provide release agents with a TCS content of less than 1%, or often even lower, to meet these environmental exposure standards. Therefore, the use of fine-particle talc pigments that can meet these requirements is an important aspect of the formulations of the invention. Beyond its low cost, fine-particle talc is attractive for use in anti-stick formulations because its platelet morphology provides good anti-blocking properties, while its moderately hydrophobic surface lends itself to good particle affinity for elastomeric surfaces. Talc is also recognized for providing excellent sliding and lubricating properties. For example, the use of talc as a dry anti-stick powder for sprinkling onto elastomeric compounds is well-established in the industry. Furthermore, the use of talc pigmentation in granular lubricant formulations for coating uncured rubber granules is known in the art, as discussed earlier in relation to the Lube F3 Granule product.While such talc formulations are effective for coating rubber granules with a solids content of 10–18%, they are less effective as release agents when used as dip suspensions for rubber sheets with lower solids contents of 3–4%. Although a combination of fine-particle talc and fatty acid soap provided in suspension form offers some convenient properties, it still suffers from several disadvantages. ML / which limit its ease of use and utility for rubber sheet immersion applications and which are detailed below. a. Talc suspensions in the form of high-solids concentrated suspensions are often difficult to stabilize to inhibit syneresis and pigment sedimentation. Consequently, significant amounts of various suspension adjuvants, such as CMC, xanthan gum, or bentonite, are commonly used in formulations to improve their pigment suspension properties. b. Despite the use of suspension adjuvants in a talc suspension concentrate, its subsequent dilution into water-based suspensions of approximately 3–4% solids content for potential later use as rubber sheet dips typically results in dip suspensions with poor talc suspension properties. Even when fine particle grades are employed, the talc pigmentation in the thick dip suspension settles rapidly and tends to form compact or gummy sediments that are very difficult to re-suspend. c. When used as dip suspensions for rubber sheets with a solids content of 3–4%, talc-based granule lubricants frequently produce poor coating coverage on uncured rubber grades, resulting in poor non-stick performance. Immersion suspensions for sheets derived from granule lubricants do not wet the elastomeric surface very well and, consequently, tend to run off the rubber in streaks rather than provide a uniform, continuous coating film. d. The heavy reliance on alkali metal fatty acid soaps in talc-based granule lubricant formulations can frequently lead to significant foaming in immersion suspension tank systems, which must be proactively managed to keep it under control. Excessive foaming in immersion suspension tanks can often create problems with uniform coating coverage on the rubber sheet and / or the collection of foam clumps that can dry out and form crusty areas on the rubber sheet, trapping moisture underneath. Moisture retention beneath these dried foam clumps can result in blistering during the subsequent molding or extrusion stages of the final rubber product manufacturing process.Therefore, it is very convenient to use non-stick formulations that have a low potential to produce foam in immersion tank systems. In contrast to the granulated lubricants mentioned above and other prior art discussed earlier, the talc-based anti-seize formulations of this invention address the previous performance deficiencies associated with talc-dominated formulations because the talc pigmentation they contain has now been flocculated with one or more water-soluble cationic polymers. Details of the water-soluble cationic polymer are discussed below. The talc-based anti-seize formulations of this invention possess several advantageous attributes that provide a number of improvements over prior art anti-seize formulations. These attributes are discussed below. The formulation of the invention can be produced in a concentrated, high-solids form (the solids content of the suspension is equal to or greater than 45%, preferably 50% or more) that is stable, easily pumpable, and readily diluted as needed. It is a low-cost anti-stick formulation, so expensive pigments or anti-stick additives such as metal stearates or waxes are not required to produce a product that provides good anti-stick coating coverage on uncured rubber compounds. The high solids content is advantageous from the standpoint of minimizing freight costs when shipping the product to customers at remote locations. All pigments are pre-dispersed and fully moistened in the formulation, so no heating or extended mixing times are required when diluted on-site for later use. The product is ready to use as soon as it is diluted with water to the appropriate solids content. This can be achieved with minimal supervision using an automated dilution and metering system. The slurry concentrate is pumped from a delivery container into the dilution system, water is added, the mixture is blended for several minutes until homogeneous, and the solids content is continuously monitored via an in-line probe and adjusted accordingly to the target set point. The diluted anti-stick slurry product is then sent to the rubber line's dip tank system for application.Automated dilution and dosing systems for extracting a high solids suspension down to a lower solids content are well known, and SASCO / PSG provides a commercially available example of such a system. MA / The talc-based formulation of the invention, when diluted to 3-4% solids content, behaves as an effective rubber sheet dip formulation. It provides good non-stick coverage on a wide range of uncured rubber compounds. Because the talc pigmentation has been flocculated to a slight to moderate degree by the addition of a water-soluble cationic polymer, the agglomerated talc particles settle to produce soft, spongy wet sediments that do not harden if mixed in the dip slurry tanks for extended periods. This more spongy sedimentation resulting from a dip slurry of the formulation of the invention is clearly reflected in the fact that the resulting wet talc sediments exhibit a higher RSV value (RSV = relative sediment volume).Being soft and spongy, the wet talc sediments that arise from the formulations of the subsequent invention are found to be easily removed in suspension when mixing is resumed. The concept of RSV for wet pigment sediments has been previously explained and discussed in U.S. Patent No. 6,156,117. As described therein, the RSV value, or wet void volume, for a given mineral pigment is a measure of the density with which the individual particles of an aqueous suspension are packed once they have fully settled into a wet sediment. The more compact or dense the mineral sediment, the less wet void volume there will be in the sediment. RSV (or wet void volume) results from imperfect particle packing arising from the shape(s) of the various particles present. Flocculation of lamellar talc particles with a water-soluble cationic polymer results in the formation of agglomerates that are irregularly shaped and of varying sizes, and this, consequently, results in imperfect particle packing.Dense-phase packing of talc platelets is also likely prevented by steric hindrance, as a single, long-chain, water-soluble cationic polymer is very likely to be bonded to several talc particles through multiple points of ionic interaction. Therefore, segments of the polymer chain act as spacers to keep these platelets within the agglomerate physically separated from each other by a small distance. As such, agglomerates are thought to be collections of loosely bound talc platelets with spaces between particles, rather than tightly packed and bound collections of talc platelets. The overall magnitude of the RSV increase can be affected by the particle size of the starting talc, the amount of surfactant present in the formulation, and the dosage. MA / global of the water-soluble cationic polymer used. However, RSV increases of approximately 1.5–6 times greater have been observed when comparing RSV with sediments from similar talc formulations that do not employ any water-soluble cationic polymer such as PoliDADMAC. For experimental comparison purposes, the RSV of different anti-stick talc formulations has been evaluated as immersion suspensions with 4% solids after 6 hours and then again after 24 hours of static settling. Typically, no further changes in RSV are observed beyond the 24-hour period.It is believed that RSV values ​​of 35 cm³ or more, when measured over 24 hours for a diluted anti-stick formulation, preferably more than 50 cm³, provide the desired anti-stick properties when treating an uncured rubber compound using the anti-stick formulation of the invention in an anti-stick application such as spraying or dip-slurry application. A more detailed explanation of how to measure the RSV value is provided below. A particularly effective water-soluble cationic polymer for the anti-stick formulations of the invention is the moderately high to high molecular weight PolyDADMAC polymer (PolyDADMAC = polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride). PolyDADMAC polymers with Mw values, determined by GPC-T, ranging from approximately 200,000 Daltons to 2,000,000 Daltons are useful in the inventive process; however, a particularly effective Mw for the PolyDADMAC flocculant used in the inventive formulation is approximately 500,000 Daltons. A feature of the formulation of the invention is the formation of fluffy talc-like sediments that can be easily removed from suspension by low-shear agitation.In other talc-based anti-stick formulations, the wet talc sediments are usually compact, or even in cases where they are not compact, the wet talc sediments are instead of a rubbery nature and remain very problematic to resuspend with moderate agitation. While PoliDADMAC is a water-soluble cationic polymer preferred for use in the non-stick formulations of the invention, other water-soluble cationic polymers have a Mw range, as determined by GPC-T, varying from approximately 50,000 Daltons to 2,000,000 Daltons and the ability to form fluffy talc-like sediments that can later be easily resuspended by low-shear agitation. One or more polymers may be used as a water-soluble cationic polymer of the invention. Water-soluble cationic polymers are used as part of the non-stick formulation of the invention. Examples of other cationic polymers include epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine (Epi-DMA) and polyquaterniums, including cationic polyacrylamides (CPAMs) and quaternized modifications of various polyamine polymers. Representative examples of synthetic polyamines suitable for quaternization include polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly(amidoamines) (PAA), poly(amino-co-esters) (PAE), and poly(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA). Additionally, the range of polyquaternium polymers commonly referred to as polyquaterniums in the cosmetics and personal care industry are suitable cationic polymers. Some common polyquaterniums known in the art are listed below.It should be understood that this list of 10 polyquaterniums is for illustrative purposes only and that other polyquaterniums known in the art as the cationic polyquaternary polymer of the invention may be used. It should be noted that in the list below, polyquaternium-6 corresponds to the PolyDADMAC mentioned above. List of Polyquaternions! 11 Polyquaternium Chemical Identity 15 Polyquaternium-1 Ethanol, 2,2',2''-nitrilotris-, polymer with 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-2-butene-1,4-diamine Polyquaternium-2 Poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] Polyquaternium-4 Dimethyl diallylammonium hydroxyethylcellulose chloride copolymer; Diallyldimethylammonium chloride-hydroxyethylcellulose copolymer Polycuatemio-5 Acrylamide and dimethylammonium methacrylate copolymer Polycuatemio-6 Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Polycuatemio-7 Acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride copolymer Polycuatemio-8 Methyl and stearyl dimethylaminoethyl methacrylic acid ester copolymer, coated with dimethyl sulfate [2] Polycuatemio-9 N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylic acid ester homopolymer,25. Qualified with bromomethane. Polyquaternium-10. Qualified hydroxyethylcellulose. Polyquaternium-11. Vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, qualified. Polyquaternium-12. Ethyl methacrylate / abiethyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, qualified with dimethyl sulfate. Polyquaternium-13. Ethyl methacrylate / oleic methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, qualified with dimethyl sulfate. Polyquaternium-14. Trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate homopolymer. Polyquaternium-15. Methyl chloride of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate / acrylamide copolymer. Polyquaternium-16. Vinylpyrrolidone and qualified vinylimidazole copolymer. BAD / Polyquaternium Chemical Identity Polyquaternium-17 Copolymer of adipic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethyl ether Polyquaternium-18 Copolymer of azelaic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethyl ether Polyquaternium-19 Copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and 2,3-epoxypropylamine Polyquaternium-20 Copolymer of polyvinyl octadecyl ether and 2,3-epoxypropylamine Polyquaternium-22 Copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium chloride Polyquaternium-24 The quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethylcellulose reacted with a lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide. Polyquaternium-27 Polyquaternium-2 and Polyquaternium-17 block copolymer Polyquaternium-28 Vinylpyrrolidone and methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium copolymer Polyquaternium-29 Propylene oxide modified chitosan and quatemized with epichlorohydrin Polyquaternium-30 Ethanamium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]-, inner salt, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate Polyquaternium-31 N,N-dimethylaminopropyl-N-acrylamidine quatemized with diethyl sulfate bonded to a polyacrylonitrile block Polyquathemium-32 Poly(2-methacrylooxyethyltrimethyl ammonium acrylamide chloride) Polyquathemium-33 Trimethylaminoethyl acrylate salt copolymer and acrylamide Polyquathemium-34 Copolymer 1,3-dibromopropane and N,N-diethyl-N',N'-dimethyl-l,3propanediamine Polyquathemium-35 Methosulfate of the copolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium and methacryloyloxyethyldimethylacetylammonium Polyquathemium-36 Copolymer of Ν,Ν-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and butylmethacrylate, quatemized with Polyquathemium-37 Poly dimethylsulfate (2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-39 Terpolymer of acrylic acid, acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride Polyquaternium-42 Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride] Polyquaternium-43 Copolymer of acrylamide, acrylamide propyltrimonium chloride,2-Amidopropylacrylamide and dimethylaminopropylamine sulfonate Polyquaternium-44 Copolymer of 3-methyl-l-vinylimidazolium methyl sulfate-N-vinylpyrrolidone Polyquaternium-45 Copolymer of (N-methyl-N-ethoxyglycine) methacrylate and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, quatemized with dimethyl sulfate Polyquaternium-46 Terpolymer of vinylcaprolactam, vinylpyrrolidone and quatemized vinylimidazole Polyquaternium-47 Terpolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylamidepropyltrimethylammonium chloride and methyl acrylate. 'Iwata, Hiroshi; Shimada, Kunio (2012-10-02). Formulas, Ingredients and Production of cosmetics: Technology of Skin-and Hair-Care Products in Japan (https: / / books.google.com / books?id=QvDxRLtnXVQC). Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9784431540618 ML / In terms of useful cationic polymers, it should also be noted that the use of polyquaternary polymers is recommended, since the pKa value associated with polyamines is usually too low relative to the typical operating pH range of 8.5 to 10.5 for the talc-based anti-adherent formulations of this invention, such that the polyamines will be largely present in their unprotonated form. Consequently, this means that the polyamines will not be cationic within the operable pH range. In an effort to assess the size of talc agglomerates resulting from the interaction of the water-soluble cationic polymer, preferably PoliDADMAC, with individual talc platelets, tests were conducted to examine the change in the particle size distribution of the talc pigment used in the formulation. Using a Horiba LA-300 laser light scattering analyzer, the average particle size and particle size distribution properties of the starting talc raw material were characterized, and then the resulting changes in these particle size properties were examined after treatment of the talc with the water-soluble cationic polymer, i.e., the PoliDADMAC polymer used in the formulation.Figure 1 shows a change in the overall particle size distribution as a result of the cationic polymer's flocculant action and the formation of weakly bonded talc platelets. The net result is approximately a 25% increase in the average particle size associated with the resulting agglomerated talc species compared to the starting talc control without any water-soluble cationic polymer, such as PoliDADMAC. Although the exact modes of interaction between the water-soluble cationic polymer, e.g., PolyDADMAC, and the talc particles in the formulations of the invention are not fully understood, it is believed that using dry-milled talc grades is particularly beneficial. In its virgin, highly crystalline form, talc is a layered silicate structure consisting of coordinated octahedral MgVI sandwiched between two layers of tetrahedral coordinated SiCU with no residual surface charges, no cation exchange capacity (CEC), and therefore no interlayer cations. In the mineralogy literature (see E.F. Aglietti, Applied Clay Science, Vol. 9, 1994, pp. 139–147), it is known that significant physicochemical effects can occur when talc is subjected to intense dry milling processes due to its low Mohs hardness.The talc layers are held together only by weak Van der Waals forces, making it sensitive to grinding processes. Beyond simply reducing the size by 18. In millimeters per particle, dry grinding of talc increases surface area, porosity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and solubility, creating highly reactive surfaces. For example, test data published by Aglietti indicate that Mg²⁺ can be solubilized from talc at levels as high as 400 meq Mg / 100 g of ore, and CEC values ​​as high as 20 meq / 100 g can be achieved, depending on the degree of grinding. The increased solubility of Mg²⁺ in talc ground in alkaline media is undoubtedly a driver of its observed anionic surface charge. The anionic surface charge of talc ground in aqueous media at pH 8.0 to 10.0 can be substantial, with zeta potential values ​​between -40 and -50 mV, as reported in the mineralogy literature. This is shown in Figure 3 of the technical publication by JA Finch, et al., Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, vol. 49, No. 4, 2010, pp. 405-410.Therefore, the creation of CEC and a substantial anionic surface charge provide two different modes of possible ionic bonding between the ground talc particles and the PoliDADMAC polymer as a water-soluble polycationic electrolyte. Another feature of the invention is a dramatic improvement in the efficiency of the release coating and the drying speed of the dip film applied to uncured rubber compounds, which is highly beneficial. This improvement in release coating efficiency and film drying allows the invention's lightly to moderately flocculated talc-based formulations to be used effectively as dip suspensions for rubber sheets, for example, dip suspensions with a solids content of 3-4%. In contrast, traditional talc-based granule lubricants, where the talc particles are not flocculated, are much less effective as release agents when used at low solids levels.Therefore, this improvement in non-stick performance has made it possible to develop low-cost talc-based non-stick formulations that are highly effective for suspension dip applications for sheets that can still be produced as a suspension concentrate of at least 45% solids, preferably at least 50% solids, and do not suffer from any of the hard paste or gummy paste suspension pigment settling problems normally associated with formulations by using high levels of talc pigmentation. To formulate effective anti-adherent formulations using talc and a water-soluble cationic polymer such as PolyDADMAC that results in a mildly to moderately flocculated talc product, it is preferred to use non-ionic surfactants with an intermediate HLB value (HLB = 6–12) as interfacial wetting agents in the formulation. One or more non-ionic surfactants with an intermediate HLB value are commonly used in the anti-adherent formulation at combined concentration levels of up to 4.0% by weight of the total formulation weight, preferably up to 3.0%, and more preferably between approximately 0.5 and 2.0% by weight of the total formulation weight. The term HLB stands for the hydrophilic / lipophilic equilibrium value for a surface-active agent. Intermediate HLB nonionic surfactants typically exhibit a lower foaming potential than high HLB nonionic surfactants, so the HLB value is substantially greater than 12.Intermediate HLB nonionic surfactants also typically exhibit lower foaming properties compared to other classes of wetting agents (e.g., anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants) that could be considered. Two intermediate HLB nonionic surfactants that are particularly useful in the nonstick formulation of the invention are tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates (e.g., Ethal TDA-5; HLB = 10.4) and 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5-decyn-4,7-diol ethoxylates (e.g., Surfynol 440; HLB = 8.0).However, other types of nonionic surfactants that would work in the formulation, provided their hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments are selected so that they are in equilibrium with each other to produce an intermediate HLB value of 6-12, include the following nonionic chemistries: alkylphenol ethoxylates, ethoxylates of other linear or branched fatty alcohols having a carbon chain length ranging from C-Ci8, EO / PO alkoxylates of linear or branched fatty alcohols having a carbon chain length ranging from C-Cis, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylates of sorbitan esters, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated castor oils, ethoxylated fatty amines, and PEG esters or diesters of saturated or unsaturated Cs to C20 fatty acids. In addition, it is preferable to include anionic surfactants, such as alkali metal fatty acid soaps, in the non-stick formulation, either alone or in combination with non-ionic surfactants. Further explanation is provided below regarding the use of nonionic surfactants alone or in combination with anionic surfactants, or anionic surfactants alone, as part of the anti-stick formulation of the invention. In the talc-based anti-stick formulations of the invention, it will be recognized that the critical components of the formulation are the fine-particle-size talc pigments that serve as anti-blocking partitioning agents, the cationic polyquaternium polymer, which effectively flocculates the talc particles into weakly bonded agglomerates that consequently improve the settling characteristics. MA / t / ZUZZ / UUU IOZ The talc pigmentation also enhances the non-stick coating performance properties when, for example, the formulation is dipped onto uncured rubber compounds. Finally, the use of one or more organic-based surfactant wetting agents—specifically, non-ionic and anionic surfactants—helps in the interfacial wetting of the talc particles and the surface of the uncured rubber compound. This interfacial wetting helps bring the talc particles and the uncured rubber surface into intimate contact, producing a pigmented coating film on the surface of the uncured rubber compound to reduce its surface stickiness.In the preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more intermediate HLB nonionic surfactants (HLB=6-12) are preferably used in combination with one or more saturated or unsaturated C8-C20 alkali metal fatty acid soaps as a wetting agent packer. The intermediate HLB nonionic surfactants are particularly effective at wetting the talc pigmentation, but the selected nonionic surfactants can also help wet the surface of the uncured rubber compound. The saturated or unsaturated C8-C20 fatty acid soaps and alkali metal soaps are particularly effective at wetting the surface of the uncured rubber compound and are excellent film formers on the rubber, thus helping to form a pigmented talc film. However, the shorter chain length C8-C12 alkali metal soaps can also function as pigment wetting agents.Given these general performance characteristics, it is understandable that using combinations of nonionic surfactants and anionic soaps would be particularly advantageous in the talc-based anti-stick formulations of the invention in terms of providing good interfacial wetting as well as good film-forming properties. However, a person skilled in the art will recognize that a very careful selection of the nonionic surfactant candidates or of the saturated or unsaturated C8-C20 fatty acid soaps, or of alkali metal soaps (which are anionic surfactants), can allow the creation of effective anti-stick formulations by using only one class of surface-active wetting agent (nonionic or anionic) instead of using combinations of the two (nonionic plus anionic).Therefore, within the scope of the invention, the organic-based surface wetting agent pack can consist of either nonionic surfactant(s) (one or more types), or soap(s) (one or more types), of saturated or unsaturated C8-C20 fatty acid(s), anionic alkali metal(s), or preferably combinations of these two classes of surfactant wetting agents, in which one or more nonionic surfactants are combined with one or more anionic soaps. As discussed elsewhere, the only limitation to be considered with respect to the use of anionic soaps is the potential for side reactions with the cationic polyquaternium polymer if their respective concentrations in the formulation become too high. When using anionic surfactants in the anti-adherent formulation, it is preferable to keep the amount of anionic surfactants in the formulation to a minimum. This is due to potential reaction interferences with the water-soluble cationic polymer, for example, PolyDADMAC. At high concentrations of the water-soluble cationic polymer, such as PolyDADMAC, and the anionic soaps present in the formulation, some resulting reaction products arising from the ionic bonding of the cationic quaternary groups within the polymer with the anionic carboxylate groups associated with the undesirable fatty acid soap may be produced. Such ionic reaction products between cationic polyelectrolytes and anionic surfactants are known in the prior art (see, for example, Chinese patent CN 104923079 B), and these situations should be avoided in the inventive formulation.To that end, the total fatty acid soap content in the formulations of the invention should be maintained at levels of approximately 3.0% by weight of the total formulation or less, and more preferably equal to or less than 2.0% by weight of the total formulation, to minimize the potential for side reactions with the water-soluble cationic polymer, e.g., PolyDADMAC. In summary, a relatively low level and effective amount of alkali metal fatty acid soap is required to provide good film-forming properties on the uncured rubber substrate in the release formulation, while keeping the soap level low enough to also minimize the potential for any side reactions with the water-soluble cationic polymer, e.g., PolyDADMAC.Examples of preferred alkali metal fatty acid soaps include sodium or potassium soaps of saturated or unsaturated C8-C20 fatty acids. Representative examples of such soaps would be sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids such as caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, and mixtures thereof. Common animal or vegetable sources of such fatty acids include, but are not limited to, tallow fatty acid, resin oil fatty acid, coconut fatty acid, soybean fatty acid, palm fatty acid, and castor oil fatty acid. MA / t / ZUZZ / UUU I OZ ML / Similarly, the dosage levels of the water-soluble cationic polymer, e.g., PoliDADMAC, in the formulation of the invention must be sufficient to provide an effective degree of flocculation of talc particles while also maintaining its concentration level low enough to minimize the potential for side reactions with the alkali, where metallic fatty acid soaps are used. These end-use requirements are mutually achieved by using the water-soluble cationic polymer, e.g., PoliDADMAC, at active base dosage levels equal to or less than 0.25% by weight of the total formulation, or more preferably at active base dosage levels equal to or less than 0.10% by weight of the total formulation. On a dry talc base, the effective amounts of water-soluble cationic polymer, e.g., PoliDADMAC, used in the treatment are equal to or less than 0.25%.50% by weight of talc or, more preferably, equal to or less than 0.20% by weight of talc. Given the non-stick performance benefits derived from flocculating talc with a water-soluble cationic polymer, another object of the invention is to develop a high-shear suspension dispersion process such that the water-soluble cationic polymer, for example, PolyDADMAC, and the talc particles can be effectively reassembled to produce a high-solids suspension concentrate of lightly to moderately flocculated talc particles that have acceptable tertiary properties for stability and pumpability. To this end, it is desirable that the amount of cationic polymer employed in the formulation be effective in improving the coating efficiency of the immersion suspension with 3-4% solids and in inhibiting the settling of talc pigmentation at very low, hard, or gummy active base dosage levels.In any other way, excessive flocculation of talc particles in the suspension concentrate can result in very high formulations that are not manageable from a mixing and pumpability point of view. The use of an effective amount of the cationic polymer is described in more detail below. In the talc-based release formulations of the invention, the active base dosage of the polyquaternium cationic polymer is critical for its functional performance properties in both the concentrated, high-solids suspension form of 45% to 75% solids and its subsequent diluted form of 1% to 10% solids, commonly known as the sheet release dip suspension. In the 45% to 75% solids high-solids suspension concentrate, an effective amount of polyquaternium polymer, such as PoliDADMAC, must be used for the following reasons: 1) An effective amount of polyquaternium polymer is required to flocculate the talc pigmentation to a slight to moderate degree, as reflected in a change in the talc particle size distribution, while producing a stable dispersion of the flocculated talc particles that exhibits acceptable theological properties in terms of their initial age and age, Brookfield properties, measured at 2 rpm and 20 rpm. An effective amount of polyquaternium polymer will increase the average particle size of the talc pigmentation by approximately 5% to 40%, reflecting the formation of weakly bonded talc agglomerates. The formation of talc agglomerates in the concentrate formulation is essential for the immersion performance properties resulting from the immersion suspension for low-solids films after dilution of the concentrate with water. 2) The dosage of polyquaternium cationic polymer used will affect the resulting theological properties of the concentrate formulation. An effective amount of polyquaternium polymer in the formulation produces Brookfield viscosity properties of 2 rpm and 20 rpm, which help inhibit pigment settling and syneresis problems in the suspension concentrate during the two-week aging period, while also ensuring good pumpability of the aged product concentrate.In terms of target Brookfield viscosities, high-solids non-stick formulations will have an initial Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm of 5,000 to 25,000 cps, but preferably a Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm of 10,000 to 20,000 cps, to ensure the formulation is viscous enough to keep all the pigments well suspended in the liquid concentrate and inhibit syneresis during product storage. The formulation will increase in viscosity as it ages and will form a thixotropic gel, so its preferred two-week-old Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm should be less than 150,000 cps to ensure the product can be easily pumped. From a dynamic viscosity perspective, it is desirable that the Brookfield viscosity at 20 rpm of the formulation after two weeks of aging be less than 25,000 cps, and preferably less than 20,000 cps. MA / 3) An effective amount of polyquaternium cationic polymer is employed in the high solids non-stick formulation to impart an effective level of antimicrobial activity to help extend the shelf life of the product or to potentially eliminate the need to add other optional biocides. 4) The dosage of polyquaternium cationic polymer used in the high-solids talc-based anti-adherent formulation impacts the process viscosity and overall processability during high-shear dispersion. Therefore, an effective amount of polyquaternium polymer in the formulation produces the aforementioned flocculation, viscosity, and antimicrobial properties, while also allowing the formulation to be processed using conventional high-shear single-shaft or twin-shaft dispersers with a total solids content of at least 45%, and preferably above 50%.Exceeding the required levels of polyquaternium cationic polymer will result in excessive flocculation of the talc particles, leading to poor batch processability and potentially undesirable side reactions with anionic alkali metal fatty acid soaps. It should also be noted that the effective amount of polyquaternium polymer is preferably added to the formulation batch water in a pre-dissolved form before the addition of the talc pigmentation. This facilitates the polymer treatment process without causing excessive flocculation during the preparation of the total suspension batch. With respect to the low-solids dip suspension product (1%–10% solids, preferably 2%–6% solids, and most preferably 3%–4% solids) produced from the high-solids concentrate (45%–75% solids) by dilution with water, the amount of polyquaternium cationic polymer used in the concentrate formulation ultimately translates into functional performance benefits in an uncured rubber coating application such as a dip suspension. Therefore, in a low-solids dip suspension application, an effective amount of polyquaternium polymer, such as PoliDADMAC, must be present for the following reasons: 1) An effective amount of polyquaternium polymer is needed in the low-solids immersion suspension to prevent the formation of a hard sediment from the ML / talc pigmentation. The effective amount of polyquaternary polymer results in the creation of soft or spongy wet talc sediments such that the associated RSV of the wet sediment is equal to or greater than 35 cm3 when measured in a 1 liter graduated cylinder from an immersion suspension with 4% solids contained therein that has been allowed to settle statically for 24 hours. 2) An effective amount of the polyquaternary cationic polymer is required in the low-solids non-stick dip suspension to improve the coating coverage of a talc-based dip formulation with 4% solids that is dip-coated onto an uncured rubber compound sheet in order to improve the resulting non-stick properties of the coating film applied onto the surface of the uncured rubber sheet to a non-stick performance index of at least 3 or preferably higher.A more detailed explanation of the non-stick performance rating of dip-coated uncured rubber compounds, which ranges from low non-stick performance intervals of 0 (so that a rating of 0 equates to failure) to a maximum non-stick performance rating of 6 (so that a rating of 6 equates to excellent), will be provided later in Example 3. In a more preferred embodiment, the water-soluble cationic polymer, for example, PoliDADMAC, shall be employed at active base dosage levels equal to or less than 0.25% by weight of the total formulation or, more preferably, at active base dosage levels equal to or less than 0.10% by weight of the total formulation. In addition to all the aforementioned performance benefits imparted by the addition of PoliDADMAC at very low active base dosage levels, PoliDADMAC, being a cationic polyquaternary polymer, can also inherently help mitigate microbial growth in the anti-tack formulation, as the antimicrobial activity of cationic polyquaternary polymers has been previously reported in the technical literature; see, for example, A.M. Carmona-Ribeiro, et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2013, 14, pp. 9906-9946. This reported antimicrobial activity may extend the shelf life of the formulation or even eliminate the need for other biocidal additives under certain storage conditions, thus representing another potential benefit associated with the use of a cationic polyquaternary polymer in talc-based anti-tack formulations. ML / Another aspect of the invention relates to the method for preparing the anti-stick formulation using the polyquaternary cationic polymer, one or more sizes of talc, and additives such as nonionic surfactants, anionic soaps, suspension aids, antifoaming agents, and biocides. The various components are mixed together in several increments to ultimately form the anti-stick formulation of the invention. While the order of addition of the various components may vary, as well as the addition of incremental amounts to obtain the desired concentrations, with respect to the combination of the cationic polymer and talc, the preferred mixing method is to first add the cationic polymer in a pre-dissolved aqueous form (which is approximately 7.0-7.0).5% active base polymer) to the water of the initial batch of the formula, and then begin adding the dry talc in stages under high-shear mixing conditions with intermittent additions of nonionic surfactant and alkali metal fatty acid soap to help wet and disperse the talc particles into a homogeneous suspension formulation. Throughout the course of this high-shear dispersion process, other chemical process additives such as suspension aids, defoamers, and biocides may also be incorporated to produce the final anti-stick formulation. A representative high-shear dispersion process scheme is described in Process Scheme 1 of Table III, which is detailed and discussed in Example 1 below.Conversely, adding a pre-dissolved water-soluble cationic polymer solution, such as PoliDADMAC, in the later stages of the overall talc dispersion process can typically result in the rapid formation of unmixable gels. The pre-dissolved water-soluble cationic polymer solution, such as PoliDADMAC (with a solids content of 7.0–7.5%), used in the described manufacturing process is readily produced from dry water-soluble cationic polymer beads, such as PoliDADMAC, by mixing in pH-neutral soft water using an IKA UltraTurrax rotor / stator disperser. No detectable degradation in the molecular weight of the water-soluble cationic polymer occurs when the UltraTurrax disperser is used at moderate mixing shear rates while aiming for a final solids content of 7.0–7.5%.5% for the water-soluble cationic polymer, for example, PoliDADMAC solution. While it is possible that commercially available PoliDADMAC products in aqueous high-solids form (e.g., 30–50% solids) from polymer manufacturers may be used in the inventive process by adjusting the difference in their polymeric actives content, many of these products contain their own surfactant packages that must be taken into account when formulating the desired anti-adherent formulation. Given these additional considerations and the critical importance of using the appropriate surfactants in the anti-adherent formulation, it is preferable to obtain the PoliDADMAC in dry form and subsequently pre-dissolve it in water for later use in the formulation. As previously stated, the high-solids talc-based non-stick formulations of the invention comprise three essential ingredients: a fine-particle-size talc, a cationic polyquaternium polymer, and a surface wetting agent package, such that the wetting agent package may consist of either non-ionic HLB surface intermediate(s) (one or more types), or soap(s) (one or more types), Cs-C20 saturated or unsaturated, of anionic alkali metal fatty acid(s), or preferably contain combinations of these two classes of surface wetting agents such that one or more non-ionic HLB surfactant intermediates are combined with one or more soaps of saturated or unsaturated C8-C20 fatty acids, of anionic alkali metals. Also, as mentioned above, another optional ingredient in the non-stick formulation of the invention is suspension adjuvant additives.Useful suspension adjuvants in anti-stick formulations may include, but are not limited to, fumed silica, xanthan gum, sepiolite, smectite clays such as bentonite and hectorite, attapulgite, and carboxymethyl cellulose. The optional amount of suspension adjuvant potentially used depends largely on the total solids percentage of the anti-stick formulations, which can range from 45% to 75% solids content, although the most preferred anti-stick formulations have a solids content greater than 50%. The total combined amount of suspension adjuvant used also depends largely on the specific combination of one or more suspension adjuvants employed, as the relative effectiveness and viscosity associated with each adjuvant additive differs. At the lower end of the total solids percentage range (45% to 50% solids), a higher dosage level of suspension adjuvant additive is commonly used in the anti-adherent formulation to help prevent pigment settling and / or eliminate syneresis problems in the concentrate formulation. With a total solids content of 45%–50%, the combined amount of suspension adjuvants typically used falls within the range of 1.0–2.0% by weight of the total formulation. Conversely, at a total solids content of 50%–55%, the combined amount of suspension adjuvants typically falls within the range of 0.2–10% by weight of the formulation.28 MA / IZ / ZUZZ / UUU1 OZ MA / total. Finally, with a total solids content exceeding 55%, the combined amount of suspension adjuvants typically used falls within the additive range of 0.0–0.2% by weight of the total formulation, as little or no suspension adjuvant is required to minimize pigment settling and / or to prevent syneresis. Therefore, an overall range for suspension adjuvant use would be 0–2.0% by weight. The various antifoaming additives that have been analyzed as components of talc-based anti-stick formulations (e.g., an oil-based antifoam, n-butyl stearate, and tributyl phosphate) are also optional additives. The use of antifoams depends largely on the type of surface wetting agent being used and the total amount of wetting agent present in the anti-stick formulation. Alkali metal, saturated or unsaturated, C8-C20 fatty acid soaps are typically more foaming than many nonionic surfactants, so the addition of an antifoam may be necessary to keep foaming of the immersion suspension, for example, under control if soaps are used.Conversely, some low EO nonionic surfactants and some alkoxylated EO / PO nonionic surfactants or selected EO / PO block copolymer nonionic surfactants with intermediate HLB values ​​are typically very low-foaming surfactants, so the need for an antifoaming agent can be minimized or eliminated. Finally, the addition of fumed silica as a suspension aid often helps reduce foaming in low-solids immersion suspensions, as well as acting as a particle-based bubble eliminator, so the need for an antifoaming agent can be minimized or eliminated even further.In summary, the total amount of foam observed in low-solids dip suspensions derived from high-solids anti-stick formulations by dilution depends on the types and amounts of wetting agents used. Therefore, antifoam additives are employed accordingly as necessary to keep dip suspension foam as low as practically possible. It is also prudent to use the least amount of antifoam possible to control dip suspension foam because excessive use of antifoams, particularly oil-based antifoams, can begin to affect the quality and coverage of the dip anti-stick coating being applied to the uncured rubber compound layer. Furthermore, the use of any silicone-based (polysiloxane) antifoam additive in the anti-stick formulations of the invention is generally not recommended. MA / Although silicones are very effective defoaming agents, their use can permanently affect the adhesion properties of the final rubber compound, which is why most rubber mixers prohibit their use. The anti-stick formulations of the invention utilize talc particles having an average particle size of approximately 7 micrometers or less (measured with a Cilas particle size analyzer), and more preferably having an average particle size of approximately 3 micrometers or less. In a highly preferred instance, the talc pigmentation used in the anti-stick formulation of the invention is a mixture of two talc particles of different sizes, wherein the smaller average particle size is at least 2 micrometers less than the larger average particle size. For example, the talc particles could combine an average particle size of 5 micrometers with one of 3 micrometers or less. A more preferred combination of talc particles is a talc with an average particle size (mps) of 3 micrometers and a talc with an average particle size of 1 micrometer.The relative weight of the talc particle mixture is one in which the larger particles are greater in quantity by weight than the smaller talc particles. The relative weight ratio of the larger talc to the smaller talc has a range of approximately 1.5:1 to 9:1. When using a combination of 3-micron and 1-micron mps talc particles, a preferred active weight ratio of 3-micron mps talc to 1-micron mps talc has a range of approximately 2.5:1 to 4:1. The use of approximately 1-micron mps talc in the formulation of the invention is convenient because its larger surface area results in improved coating coverage of the uncured rubber compound. Two representative examples of commercial talc pigments that are particularly useful in the inventive formulation are SAS-3 talc (Cilas mps=3).0 mieras) and ElexTalc 610 (Cilas mps = LO miera) are marketed by Cimbar Performance Minerals. Both pigments are dry-milled talc grades that have undergone intensive crushing and classification. Furthermore, SAS-3 talc and FlexTalc 610 pigments are produced from high-quality minerals containing minimal mineral impurities such as crystalline silica. Therefore, these pigments help meet the OSHA occupational exposure requirements discussed earlier. Beyond the coating coverage aspects provided by the non-stick formulation of the invention (as discussed above), the use of fine particle size talc pigments in the formulations of the invention is also preferred because they are more readily reincorporated into the rubber compounds in subsequent manufacturing stages 30 MA / of the rubber product. Anti-stick coating formulations are applied to uncured rubber compounds to reduce their stickiness. They serve as process aids, allowing the rubber mixer to more easily temporarily stack or move the compound rubber to other operations where the rubber will eventually cure and be molded into its finished product form. In these subsequent manufacturing stages, the mixer wants all the compound's adhesion properties to remain unaffected in order to produce good rubber-to-rubber or rubber-to-metal adhesion properties. Therefore, it is essential that the anti-stick coating be effective on the surface of the rubber compound for a short period of time, but then readily re-incorporate itself into the compound later, so that the final adhesion properties in the cured / molded product are not adversely affected.Since they are effective anti-blocking pigments, it is therefore preferable that the talc particles be small in size to facilitate their reintegration. In terms of their desired viscosity, the talc-based anti-adherent formulations of the invention have an initial Brookfield viscosity of 5,000–25,000 cps at 2 rpm, but preferably a Brookfield viscosity of 10,000–20,000 cps at 2 rpm, to ensure that the formulation is sufficiently viscous to keep all the pigments well suspended in the liquid concentrate and inhibit syneresis during product storage. Typically, the anti-adherent formulation of the invention will increase in viscosity as it ages and will form a thixotropic gel.From the standpoint of aged viscosity, it is preferred that the two-week Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm of the formulation be less than 150,000 cps to ensure that the product can be easily pumped from containers or other shipping vessels using a positive displacement pump such as an air diaphragm pump, rotary lobe pump, progressive cavity pump, or similar type. Such positive displacement pumps have the ability to overcome the rheological yield strength of the aged product to transform the gel into a pumpable fluid. From the standpoint of dynamic viscosity, it is desirable that the Brookfield viscosity at 20 rpm of the formulation of the invention after two weeks of aging be less than 25,000 cps, and more preferably less than 20,000 cps. Given the Brookfield viscosity measurements at 2 rpm and 20 rpm for the inventive formulation, it is important to understand why these specific measurements are being performed and why the value ranges are defined for each. The Brookfield 2 rpm measurement is being performed to determine the viscosity of the formulation under essentially static conditions where 31 The MA / applies a very low shear force. This reading below 2 rpm is particularly important when measuring the viscosity of gels formed by aging under static conditions, as it is essentially a measure of the gel's viscosity. In rheological terminology, kinematic viscosity is also used to define the measurement of a fluid's inherent resistance to flow when no external force other than gravity acts upon it. Conversely, the Brookfield 20 rpm higher shear measurement essentially measures a dynamic viscosity value. Dynamic viscosity is defined as the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow when an external force is applied. At 20 rpm, the formulation's dynamic viscosity is measured in its fluid state, as opposed to the viscosity reading at 2 rpm, where the product is measured in its static, non-fluid gel state.Consequently, readings at both shear rates are needed to more fully understand the general Teological properties of the non-stick formulation of the invention. In terms of processing equipment for producing the anti-stick formulations of the invention, several types of high-shear mixing equipment can potentially be employed to disperse the talc with high suspended solids content. A preferred type of high-shear mixing device is a single-shaft, high-speed disperser employing a Cowles-style shearing dispersion blade. Multi-shaft dispersers can also be employed with good results and are highly preferred. For example, twin-shaft mixers equipped with a low-speed, helical-walled scraper-type blade mounted on the central shaft in combination with a high-speed disperser mounted on an off-center shaft are very advantageous in terms of the range of anti-stick formulations that can be readily produced.Hockmeyer manufactures a representative example of such a dual-shaft dispersion system suitable for production use. In comparison, anti-stick formulations of the invention produced with a single-shaft disperser often require higher weight percent surfactant in the formulation to help mediate the high-shear process viscosity associated with talc dispersion and maintain the resulting fluid dispersion of flocculated talc particles. Using higher surfactant levels can result in the generation of more process foam, which then needs to be treated with antifoaming additives. Furthermore, using higher surfactant levels in the anti-stick formulation can subsequently reduce the amount of wet sediment RSV that is 32. ML / is obtained in the dilute immersion suspension with a solids content of 3-4%. In summary, multi-axis dispersants can often produce effective, lower-cost anti-adherent formulations by reducing the amount of surfactant required for dispersion. Finally, although the main object of the invention is to produce effective anti-stick formulations for rubber sheet immersion applications that are predominantly talc-based formulations, a person skilled in the art also readily recognizes that related formulations can be produced in such a way that small portions of the total talc pigmentation can be effectively replaced with other anti-blocking pigments to tailor the final performance properties of the anti-stick product.Examples of suitable replacement pigments for a portion of talc include, but are not limited to, kaolinite, calcined kaolin clays, smectite clay minerals such as bentonite and hectorite, attapulgite, sepiolite, barite, nepheline syenite, calcium carbonate (ground or precipitated forms), dolomite, fine-particle micas consisting of muscovite or phlogopite, feldspars, synthetic amorphous silica pigments such as precipitated silica and pyrogenic silica, alumina trihydrate, hydrotalcite, and various metal stearate pigments such as calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and zinc stearate. Example formulations are described and characterized such that approximately 21% by weight of the total talc content on a dry basis was successfully replaced with an alternative antiblocking pigment as described below in Example 3.In this example, the larger 3 miera mps talc was selectively replaced with the alternative antiblocking pigment so that the mixture weight ratio of 3 miera mps talc to 1 miera mps talc in the formulation was effectively reduced from 4:1 to 2.9:1. Tests were performed in connection with the invention and the various characteristics of the non-stick formulation of the invention. Example 1 of this test relates to an illustrative composition of the non-stick formulation of the invention with a high solids content and its particle size distribution. The properties of the fine-particle talcs used in the formulation and the physical properties of the high-solids non-stick formulation are also examined in the tests related to Example 1. Example 2 investigates the viscosity characteristics of the formulations related to Example 1 to determine their pumpability. Example 2 also formulates an immersion suspension with a 4% solids content to investigate the foaming properties, settling properties, and non-stick coating properties on uncured rubber.Example 3 investigates a composition similar to that used in Example 1 but with substitute antiblocking pigments in place of the larger 3-micron talc. Example 3 also investigates the physical properties of the high-solids formulations and the properties of the dip suspension in terms of foaming, settling, and non-stick coating properties on uncured rubber. Example 4 is similar to Example 3 but modifies the amounts of alkali metal fatty acid soap and non-ionic surfactant used to investigate their effects on the dip suspension properties of the non-stick formulation of the invention. Example 1 Table I summarizes the composition of two different talc-based anti-stick formulations that were produced on a 3,600-pound production scale using different types of high-speed dispersers. Table I: Summary of the composition of anti-adherent talc formulations A & B MA / t / ZUZZ / UUU IOZ Non-stick talc formula A Non-stick talc formula B Method: Single-shaft high-speed disperser Method: Dual-shaft high-speed disperser with wall scraper Chemical trade name / Supplier Chemical name Ingredient properties and functionality CAS# Production batch weight ,1b. % by weight in formula Production batch weight ,1b. % by weight in formula Soft water Dihydrogen oxide Solvent phase 7732-18-5 1708.43 47.45 % 1575.59 43.77 % Talc SAS-3 / Cimbar Performance Minerals Talc; Hydrated magnesium silicate Antiblocking pigment (median PS of 3 microns)3 14 807-96-6 1350.00 37.50 % 1530.00 42.50 % FlexTalc 610 / Cimbar Performance Minerals Talc; Hydrated magnesium silicate Antiblocking pigment (median PS of 1 micron)3 14 807-96-6 340.00 9.44 % 378.00 10.50 % Ethal TDA-5 / Ethox Chemicals PEG-5 tridecyl ether; Trideceth-5 Interfacial wetting (pigment & rubber); Nonionic surfactant with HLB = 10.4 24 938-91-8 66.60 1.85 % 20.70 0.58 % Norfox 92 / Norman, Fox & Co. Sodium Tallow Soap Interfacial Wetting (Pigment & Rubber) 8052-48-0 39.00 1.08 % 39.00 1.08 %. ML / ValPro 59 / Vanguard Soap Blend of Sodium Vegate + Sodium Cocoate Soaps Interfacial Wetting (Pigment & Rubber) 68 082-64-4 & 61 789-31-9 27.60 0.77 % 20.40 0.57 % Konasil 200 / OCI 200 m2 / g of pyrogenic silica; Synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide Pigment suspension, foam control & antiblocking agent 7631-86-9 21.60 0.60% — — DEE FO 3010A / Munzing Chemie Petroleum distillates, mixture of light and heavy paraffinic oils Oil-based antifoam 64 742-56-9 & 64 742-65-0 11.00 0.31% 10.80 0.30% Xanthan gum / Global Ingredients Xanthan Gum; Polysaccharide Pigment Suspension Adjuvant 11 138-66-2 9.40 0.26% 6.12 0.17% n-butyl stearate / Custom Synthesis, LLC n-butyl stearate Pigment Humectant & Antifoam 123-95-5 7.20 0.20% 7.20 0.20% PDMBL Series / Isomeric Industries PoliDADM AC; Polydiallyldim ethyl ammonium chloride (Mw = 493,000 Da)b Water-soluble cationic polymer; Pigment flocculant 26 062-79-3 3.37 0.09% 3.37 0.09% BSC 3243 / Bulk Chemical Services Dazomet; Tetrahydro3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5thiadiazin-2thione Biocide 533-74-4 2.70 0.075% 2.70 0.075% BCS 3502A / Bulk Chemical Services Glutaraldehyde Biocide 111-30-8 2.20 0.06% 2.16 0.06% Surfynol 440 / Evonik PEG-3.5 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5-decyn-4,7-diol Interfacial Wetting (pigment & rubber); Non-ionic surfactant with HLB = 8.0 9014-85-1 0.40 0.01 % 0.36 0.01 % Totals = 3600.3 0 100.00 % 3600.00 100.0 %. ML / Grades: a) The average particle size of the talc was determined using a Cilas 990L particle size analyzer. The talc pigments were initially moistened in a 50% w / w aqueous solution of isopropanol and subsequently dispersed in the water of the analyzer's test chamber containing sodium hexametaphosphate as a dispersant. b) The Mw of the cationic polymer was determined by Jordi Labs of Mansfield, MA using tetra detection gel filtration chromatography (GPC-T). c) The target physical properties for these production-scale runs are summarized in Table IV. The non-stick Formula A of the invention is produced using a 50 HP high-speed, single-shaft dispersing unit equipped with a Cowles-cut style dispersion blade. The talc pigmentation used in Formula A is a mixture of 3-micron medium particle size talc (Cimbar SAS-3) and 1-micron medium particle size talc (Cimbar FlexTalc 610), such that the preferred relative active base weight ratio of 3 microns of talc to 1 micron of talc is approximately 4:1. The indicated medium particle size of the starting materials SAS-3 and FlexTalc 610 is defined based on their analysis with a Cilas 990L laser particle size analyzer. Both talc pigments are dry-ground talc grades that have undergone intensive crushing and grading and are produced from high-quality minerals containing a minimal amount of mineral impurities such as crystalline silica.Other typical physical properties associated with these preferred fine particle size talc pigments are summarized in Table II. Table II: Comparative Typical Properties of Fine Particle Talc Pigments Talc SAS-3 FlexTalc Property 610 % by weight % passing through 325 mesh 99.9 99.9 average particle size (Cilas PSD 50 %)', mires 3.0 LO % Free Moisture 0.2 0.3 Cié Lab L* 97.0 98.5 pH at 10 % solids3 8.9 8.9 Total Crystalline Silica Content2, % by weight 0.27 0.40 Grades: 1) The average particle size of talc is determined using a Cilas 990L laser particle size analyzer. MA / The talc pigments were initially moistened in a 50% w / w aqueous solution of isopropanol and subsequently dispersed in the water of the analyzer test chamber containing sodium hexametaphosphate as a dispersant. 2) The total crystalline silica content was determined by RJ Lee Group using XRD by means of the NIOSH 7500 analytical method. The reported values ​​reflect the historical average of batches monitored periodically over a period of 3 years. 3) Talc pigments are dispersed in soft water with a neutral pH at 10% solids to measure the pH at 25 °C. Using the high-speed disperser, a high-shear mixing process is employed, the step additions of which are described in Process Scheme 1, shown in Table III. Table III: Process Scheme 1 Non-stick formulation PRODUCT: Talc A_______________ SIZE OF LOT: 3,600 # 50 HP Single Shaft High Speed ​​Spreader Equipped with a Blade TEAM:________Cowles Dispersion PROCESS STEPS Special Instructions: All talc (SAS-3 and FT610) is added through the screw conveyor system. All other powdered additives are added to the dispersion tank. 1 Premix: Using a Gast air mixer at ~40 PSI, begin mixing Ethal TDA-5 (warm; 95°F) in a 5-gallon bucket using a 3-prong type 5 turbine paddle, then slowly add xanthan gum into the vortex. Scrape down the sides with a spatula and mix thoroughly. Leave the premix until needed in Step No. 42. a) ETHAL TDA-5 (warm; 95°F) = 16.2 # b) Xanthan Gum = 9.4 # 2 Lower the disperser to the lowest mixing position. 3. Fill the 375-gallon stainless steel baffle tank with 1.665 liters of soft water at 25-30°C. 4. Turn on Ross Disperser at 30 Hz. 5. Dazomet Biocide (BCS 3243) = 2.7 liters. 6. 7.2% Aqueous PolyDADMAC Active Solution = 46.8 liters. 7. Surfynol 440 Surfactant = 0.4 liters.8 Sepiolite (Pangel W) = 3.6 # 9 Munzing Antifoam DE FOO 3010A = 5.5 # 10 Norfox Soap 92 = 39 # 11 ETHAL TDA-5 (warm; 95 °F) = 5.4 # 12 Disperse the batch for 2 minutes. Check and record the pH. 13 Increase the mixing speed of the Ross Disperser to 60 Hz. 14 SAS-3 Talc = 450 # — Feed at a rate of 1 bag / min through a screw conveyor. 15 Valpro 59 Soap Flakes = 3# 16 ETHAL TDA-5 (warm; 95°F) = 1.8# 17 Pyrogenated Silica (Konasil 200) = 9# 18 Raise the height of the dispersion blade position to aid mixing and dispersing for 3 min. 19 Talc SAS-3 = 450# — Feed at a rate of 2 bags / min through a screw conveyor. 20 Valpro 59 Soap Flakes = 3# 21 ETHAL TDA-5 (warm; 95°F) = 1.8# 22 Disperse for 2 minutes. 23 Talc SAS-3 = 350# — Feed at a rate of 2 bags / min on the screw conveyor. 24 Valpro 59 soap flakes = 9 # 25 ETHAL TDA-5 (warm; 95 °F) = 12.6 # 26 Disperse for 5 minutes. Scrape the walls during mixing time. 27 FlexTalc610 = 150# 28 n-Butyl stearate (warm; 95 °F) = 7.2 # 29 Valpro 59 soap flakes = 6 # 30 ETHAL TDA-5 (warm; 95 °F) = 14.4 # 31 Disperse for 2 minutes. 32 FlexTalc610 = 100# 33 Valpro 59 soap flakes = 3 # 34 ETHAL TDA-5 (warm; 95 °F) = 14.4 # 35 Scrape the tank walls and baffles, then disperse for 3 minutes. 36 FlexTalc 610 = 90 # 37 Talc SAS-3 = 100# 38 Valpro Soap Flakes 59 = 3.6 # 39 Glutaraldehyde Biocide = 2.2 # 40 Konasil 200 (pyrogenic silica) = 12.6 # — Add slowly to avoid exceeding the maximum motor amps. 41 Adjust the dispersion blade height to aid in the incorporation of pyrogenic silica and disperse for 3 minutes. Scrape the walls during mixing time. 42 Add PreBlend (from Step No. 1) = 25.6 # 43 Disperse for 3 minutes; check the screen and mix longer if necessary to achieve a clear screen. 44 Set Ross Disperser to 45 Hz to add the antifoams below. ML / 45 Munzing DEE FO 3010A Antifoam = 5.5 # 46 PhosFlex 4 Antifoam (tributyl phosphate) = 7.2 # 47 Scrape walls and baffles, then disperse for 3 min. Screen control batch. The screen must be clean before checking the pH. 48 Check and record the pH. Typical pH = 9.4 - 9.8 @ 40 °C 49 If the batch pH is < 9.40 @ 40 °C, then dose in 22.5% active KOH as needed to adjust the pH to the target range of 9.40 - 9.80 @ 40 °C. Allow batches to mix for at least 3 minutes between successive pH adjustments. 50 If the batch pH is > 9.80 @ 40 °C, dose 2-ethylhexanoic acid as required to adjust the pH to the target range of 9.40–9.80 at 40 °C. Allow batch mixing to proceed for at least 3 minutes between successive pH adjustments. 51 If pH adjustment is performed (according to steps 49 or 50), check the batch before completing the run. Mix for an additional time as needed to obtain a clear screen test.52 Extract a sample from the batch for the Quality Control Laboratory. Target specific gravity (@ 25 °C) = 1.39 ± 0.10; Target solids (@ 150 °C) = 52.0 ± 1.0 %; Target quality control pH = 9.40 - 9.90 at 25 °C; Initial BF viscosity (Sp #91 @ 2 rpm) = 10,000-20,000 cps; Conductivity (@ 25 °C) = 0.7-4.7 mS / cm According to Process Scheme 1, the preferred method for bonding the PolyDADMAC polymer and talc particles is to first add the pre-dissolved, aqueous cationic polymer (approximately 7.0–7.5% active base polymer) to the initial batch of water formulation. Then, dry talc is gradually added in stages under high-shear mixing conditions with intermittent additions of nonionic surfactants (Surfynol 440 and Ethal TDA-5) and alkali metal fatty acid soaps (Norfox 92 and Valpro 59). These intermittent additions of nonionic surfactants and anionic soaps help maintain the batch fluidity and ensure thorough mixing, ultimately resulting in a homogeneous dispersion.In addition, other process additives such as suspension aids (Konasil 200 - pyrogenic silica, xanthan gum, and Pangel W - sepiolite), antifoams (DEE FO 3010A - oil-based antifoam, n-butyl stearate, and PhosFlex 4 - tributyl phosphate), and biocides (dazomet and glutaraldehyde) may be incorporated at various intermediate stages of the overall dispersion process to produce the final anti-stick formulation. Although dazomet and glutaraldehyde are exemplified, any biocide known to be used in anti-stick formulations may be used in the anti-stick formulations of the invention. For example, another potentially suitable biocide for the anti-stick formulation of the invention is BIT (1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one; CAS # 2634-33-5).Furthermore, it is believed that PolyDADMAC, a cationic polyquaternary polymer, may also inherently help mitigate microbial growth in the formulation, as the antimicrobial activity of cationic polyquaternary polymers has been previously reported in the technical literature. Therefore, this antimicrobial activity may extend the shelf life of the formulation or even eliminate the need for other biocidal additives under certain storage conditions. This is another potential performance benefit associated with using a cationic polyquaternary polymer in a talc-based anti-adherent formulation. In Formula A, the PolyDADMAC polymer is used in a very low amount of active base, 0.09 wt% of the total formulation. The specific grade of PolyDADMAC used in the process had an Mw value of 493,000 Daltons, as determined by tetra detection gel filtration chromatography (GPC-T). GPC-T couples a GPC separation with a light scattering (LS) detector for the determination of absolute molecular weight and a viscometer for the determination of polymer shape and hydration radius (Rh). Using an LS detector makes calibration standards unnecessary, as the measurement is based on how the sample scatters light rather than on the retention time at which the molecule elutes compared to the standards. This analysis also determined that the grade of PolyDADMAC used had an intrinsic viscosity of approximately 10.0 dL / g. The low level of PolyDADMAC used in Formula A (0.09 wt%) is sufficient to moderately flocculate the talc particles into weakly bonded agglomerates while still producing acceptable properties for stability and pumpability. The initial Brookfield viscosities at 2 rpm and 20 rpm for Formula A, as well as its other Quality Control test properties, are summarized in Table IV. The total solids content of Formula A was 52.2 wt%, and its initial Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm was 17,500 cps, which is viscous enough to keep all the pigment well suspended in the liquid concentrate as it ages and to inhibit the occurrence of syneresis during product storage. Furthermore, the total crystalline silica content of Formula A was determined to be only 0.14% based on 40 MA / IZ / ZUZZ / UUU1 OZ MA / determinations of the XRD analysis performed on the individual contributors of the raw material and then summarizing their respective contributions based on their usage levels in the total formulation. In Formula A, the nonionic surfactants used are intermediate HLB surfactants, as both fall within the HLB range of 6–12. The preferred nonionic surfactants are a combination of PEG-5 tridecyl ether (Ethal TDA-5; HLB = 10.4) and PEG-3,5 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5-decyn-4,7-diol (Surfynol 440; HLB = 8.0). Both nonionic surfactants function to provide interfacial wetting between the talc and the elastomer surface. It should also be noted that the total amount of sodium fatty acid soaps (ValPro 59 and Norfox 92) used in Formula A is low (total = 1.85% by weight of the formulation). ValPro 59 is a mixture of sodium vegate and sodium cocoate soaps, while Norfox 92 is a sodium tallow soap.It is necessary to minimize the amount of alkali metal fatty acid soaps used in the formulation of the invention because they are anionic surfactants that can have potential reaction interferences with the cationic polymer PolyDADMAC. At high concentrations of both the cationic polymer PolyDADMAC and the anionic fatty acid soaps, some undesirable reaction products arising from the ionic bonding of cationic quaternary groups within the polymer with anionic carboxylate groups associated with the fatty acid soap may be produced. Such ionic reaction products between cationic polyelectrolytes and anionic surfactants are known in the prior art and should be avoided. Consequently, the total alkali metal fatty acid soap content should be kept to approximately 3.0% by weight of the total formulation or less, and preferably equal to or less than 2%.0% by weight of the total formulation to minimize the potential for side reactions with the cationic polymer PoliDADMAC. These low levels of alkali metal fatty acid soap are still effective in providing good film-forming properties on the uncured rubber substrate to aid the performance of the non-stick coating, while also being low enough to minimize the possibility of side reactions with PoliDADMAC. Similarly, the PoliDADMAC polymer dosage of 0.09 wt% of the total formulation is low enough to minimize the potential for side reactions with the aforementioned alkali metal fatty acid soaps, but that dosage level is still adequate to provide an effective degree of talc particle flocculation that ML / significantly improves the performance properties of the dip suspension for final use. The flocculation of the talc particles within Formula A is evident when examining its Horiba particle size distribution curve compared to the particle size distribution curve determined for the initial 4:1 w / w blend of talc pigments from 3 microns to 1 micron (see Figure 1). The observed change in particle size distribution is a consequence of the cationic polymer creating weakly bonded agglomerates of the talc platelets. The net result of this agglomeration is an approximately 25% increase in the mean particle size value (the Horiba mps increased from approximately 7.82 to approximately 9.81 microns). The full details of the Formula B composition are also summarized in Table I. Formula B was produced by a high-shear mixing process in a manner analogous to the Formula A suspension preparation protocol, but with some notable exceptions such as: 1) A twin-shaft Hockmeyer disperser is used instead of a single-shaft high-speed disperser. The twin-shaft disperser was equipped with a low-speed helical-wall scraper-type blade mounted on the central shaft in combination with a high-speed disperser mounted on a displacement shaft equipped with a Hockmeyer dispersing blade. 2) They are used in the same talc pigments of 3 mieras mps and 1 miera mps in a w / w ratio of 4:1 as before, but the total solids content of the batch formula was higher and produced 56.1% solids. 3) The amounts of surfactant Ethal TDA-5 and ValPro 59 soap used in Formula B are significantly reduced compared to the amounts used in Formula A. When comparing Formula A with Formula B, the level of Ethal TDA-5 is reduced from 1.85 to 0.58% by weight, while the level of ValPro 59 has been reduced from 0.77 to 0.57% by weight. 4) In Formula B, neither pyrogenic silica nor tri-n-butyl phosphate antifoam is used. When preparing Formula B, the preferred method for bonding the cationic polymer PoliDADMAC and the talc particles is to first add the pre-dissolved aqueous cationic polymer (approximately 7.0–7.5% active base polymer) to the water in the initial batch of the formula. Then, dry talc is gradually added in stages under high-shear mixing conditions with intermittent additions of nonionic surfactants (Surfynol 440 and Ethal TDA-5) and alkali metal fatty acid soaps (Norfox 92 and Valpro 59). These additions help to wet and disperse the talc particles. These intermittent surfactant and soap additions help maintain the batch fluidity and ensure thorough mixing to ultimately produce a homogeneous dispersion.As shown in Table IV, the resulting batch produced from Formula B using the twin-shaft Hockmeyer disperser produced an initial Brookfield Viscosity of 13,800 cps at 56.1% solids. Table IV: Physical Properties of the target of the non-stick formulations A and B of Table 1 Talc Formula A Talc Formula B pH @ 25 °C 9.8 10.2 Conductivity @ 25 °C, mS / cm 2.46 2.42 Initial Viscosity BF (Sp #91 @ 2 rpm)1, cps 17,500 13,800 Initial Viscosity BF (Sp #91 @ 20 rpm)1, cps 3,900 3,330 Specific Gravity2 @ 25 °C, g / ml 1.39 1.39 Solids Content3, % by weight 52.2 56.1 Total Crystalline Silica Content4, % by weight 0.14 0.16 Grades: 1) Brookfield viscosities were measured using a Brookfield RVDVE Heliopath viscometer unit equipped with T-spindles at 2 rpm and then at 20 rpm; a TA spindle (#91) was employed. 2) Specific densities were determined using a 100 mi specific gravity cup in accordance with ASTM DI475. 3) The % of solids is determined by using an A&D model MF-50 halogen lamp-based moisture balance using a temperature setting of 150 °C. 4) The total crystalline silica content is calculated by summing the contributions of the various mineral sources that contribute to the formulation. The content levels of each contributing source were determined by RJ Lee Group using XRD with the NIOSH 7500 analytical method. Using a PoliDADMAC dosage level of 0.09 wt% of the total formulation, the Formula B batch showed a very similar change in Horiba particle size distribution as Formula A did as a result of flocculation of the 4:1 w / w talc blend of SAS-3 and FlexTalc 610. The net change in particle size distribution observed (see Figure 1) again amounted to an increase of approximately 43 mL / % in the average particle size value resulting from the formation of agglomerated talc species (Horiba mps increased from approximately 7.82 to approximately 9.82 microns). However, a key advantage of using the Hockmeyer twin-shaft disperser was that smaller quantities of surfactant and soap were required to manage the process viscosity, thus requiring less antifoam to maintain the foam at an acceptable level. The Hockmeyer twin-shaft disperser therefore allows for the production of a more economical formula, and its resulting initial Brookfield viscosity was noticeably lower than that of Formula A, despite the reduction in the quantities of nonionic surfactant and alkali metal soap used. Example 2 In this example, a series of talc-based anti-stick formulations are produced on a 5300-gram laboratory scale using high-speed dispersers. As shown in Table V, the four anti-stick formulations are identified as Formulas C, D, E, and F. Table V: Physical Property Tracking Data “for laboratory batches of talc anti-adherent formulations C, D, E and F Anti-stick formulation (% solids and Description) Initial viscosity, pH and conductivity of BFC Viscosity, pH and conductivity of aged BF after 3 days of aging Viscosity, pH and conductivity of aged BF after 7 days of aging Viscosity, pH and conductivity of aged BF after 14 days of aging Formula C @ 52.2% solids Description: Talc-based anti-stick through Cowles Disperser; Laboratory Scale Equiv. to Formula A Sp#91 BF @ 2 rpm = 18,000 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 4,140 cps pH = 9.64 Cond. = 2.61 mS / cm Sp #91 BF @ 2 rpm = 52,100 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 9,630 cps pH = 9.72 Cond. = 2.85 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 75,200 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 12,400 cps pH = 9.59 Cond. = 2.78 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 84,600 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 15,760 cps pH = 9.46 Cond. = 2.53 mS / cm Formula D @ 56.1% solids Description: Talc-based non-stick agent using a dual-shaft disperser; Equiv.de Escala de Laboratorio a la Fórmula B Sp#91 BF @ 2 rpm = 11 500 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 3140 cps pH = 10,20 Cond. = 2.34 mS / cm Sp #91 BF @ 2 rpm = 45 200 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 7580 cps pH = 10.15 Cond. = 2.75 mS / cm Sp #91 BF @ 2 rpm = 55 600 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 7740 cps pH = 10.05 Cond. = 2.75 mS / cm Sp #91 BF @ 2 rpm = 61 600 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 7670 cps pH = 9.88 Cond. = 2.88 mS / cm. Fórmula E @ 52.1 % de sólidos Descripción: Fórmula C a través del Dispersor de Cowles pero no se usó PoliDADMAC Sp#91 BF @ 2 rpm = 13 200 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 3480 cps pH = 9.79 Cond. = 2.38 mS / cm Sp#91 BF @ 2 rpm = 55 800 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 10 820 cps pH = 9.71 Cond. = 2.41 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 74 200 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 14 580 cps pH = 9.55 Cond. = 2.41 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 107 600 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 17 680 cps pH = 9.46 Cond. = 2.35 mS / cm Fórmula F @ 54.2 % de sólidos Descripción: Gránulo Lube Comercial a Base de talco; Nombre Comercial = Gránulo Lube F3 Sp#91 BF @ 2 rpm = 13 000 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 3330 cps pH = 10.25 Cond. = 4.84 mS / cm Sp#91 BF @ 2 rpm = 58 200 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 8270 cps pH = 10.32 Cond. = 5.21 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 70 700 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 9540 cps pH = 10.22 Cond. = 5.44 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 90 600 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 10 860 cps pH = 10.12 Cond. = 5.33 mS / cm M A / t / ZUZZ / UUU I OZ Notas: a) All test batches are aged at room temperature (20-25 °C). All properties were determined at 25 °C. Brookfield viscosities were measured using a Brookfield RVDVE Heliopath viscometer unit equipped with T-spindles at 2 rpm and then at 20 rpm; TA (#91) and B (#92) spindles were used as required. b) The % solids values ​​were determined using an MF-50 model AND halogen lamp-based moisture balance using a temperature setting of 150 °C. All pH values ​​were determined at 25 °C using an Oakton pH 450 meter. Conductivity values ​​are determined at 25 °C using an Oakton CON 700 conductivity / TDS meter. Batch formulas C and D in Table V are identical in composition to formulas A and B, respectively, as described earlier in Example 1, except that the total batch size has now been reduced to a laboratory scale of 5,300 grams. Formulas C and D will serve as comparative laboratory controls in this example. The batch composition of Formula E is based on Formula C, except that the addition of PolyDADMAC polymer is intentionally omitted to illustrate the differences in resulting properties and performance without the cationic polymer. All other ingredient quantities are kept unchanged compared to Formula C. ML / Formula F batches are based on the commercial recipe of Lube F3 Granule, a conventional release agent for coating uncured rubber granules with a 10-18% solids application. Lube F3 Granules, manufactured by SASCO Chemical Group / PSG, is composed primarily of a medium-particle talc (Cimbar SAS-3) with a 3-micron particle size, plus sodium fatty acid soaps and a small amount of bentonite clay as a suspension aid. The Lube F3 Granule formulation does not employ polymeric additives such as PolyDADMAC. Commercial batches of Lube F3 Granules typically have a solids content of approximately 54% and a pH of approximately 10 as produced. Formulas C, E, and F are produced using a high-speed, single-shaft laboratory disperser unit equipped with a Cowles-cut style dispersion blade, while Formula D was produced using a dual-shaft laboratory-scale disperser.The general method for preparing formulas C, D, and E was analogous to the stepped pigment addition scheme described above in process scheme 1 (Table III), where nonionic surfactants and anionic soaps are incorporated intermittently to keep batches of mixture fluid and well mixed during the course of the suspension dispersion process. Batch formulations C, D, E, and F were fully characterized and their respective physical properties were then re-verified over a two-week aging period. The physical properties tracked during this two-week aging period are summarized in Table V. The properties monitored included Brookfield viscosity values ​​determined at 2 rpm and 20 rpm, pH, and conductivity. All four batches had a solids content greater than 50% and produced an initial Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm between 10,000 and 20,000 cps. All talc-based formulations were therefore stable, showing no pigment settling and no syneresis observed during the two-week aging period. After aging for 2 weeks at room temperature (20 - 25 °C) all four batches had a Brookfield Viscosity of 2 rpm less than 150,000 cps and also had a Brookfield Viscosity of 20 rpm less than 20,000 cps.Its aged Brookfield viscosity values ​​are acceptable and indicative of formulations that can be readily pumped from containers or other shipping vessels using a positive displacement pump, such as an air diaphragm pump, rotary lobe pump, progressive cavity pump, or similar. Such positive displacement pumps have the ability to overcome the theoretical yield strength of the aged product to transform it into a pumpable fluid. A 46. MA / rpm, the dynamic viscosity of the formulation is measured in its fluid state, while the viscosity reading at 2 rpm is that in which the product is measured in its static gel state without flow. In Table VI, the immersion performance properties of formulas C, D, E, and F are critically compared by transforming each formula by dilution with water into immersion suspensions for sheets with a solids content of 4% for end-use application testing. Table VI: Immersion performance test of talc-based non-stick sheets with 4% solids in the immersion suspension Formula ID Talc Formula C Talc Formula D Talc Formula E Talc Formula F Product Description Talc-based anti-seize via Cowles disperser Talc-based anti-seize via twin-shaft disperser Formula C via Cowles disperser but without PoliDADMAC Pellet Lube F3 (talc-based granule lubricant) Foam properties for immersion suspensions1 Initial foam height, mm 83 79 113 93 Foam height after 1 minute, mm 32 6 70 35 Foam height after 2 minutes, mm 18 5 49 31 Foam height after 5 minutes, mm 13 2 21 26 Foam height after 10 minutes, mm 5 0 19 16 Wet settling properties for immersion suspensions2 ML / RSV after 6 h, cm3 44 240 19 22 RSV after 24 h, cm3 50 186 31 25 Characteristics of wet sediments Soft sediment - moderate mixing is needed to resuspend Very fluffy sediment - minimal agitation is needed to resuspend Hard & sticky sediment - difficult to resuspend; requires high-speed mixing Hard & sticky sediment - difficult to resuspend; requires high-speed mixing Non-stick coating properties on uncured rubber Rubber coating coverage Uniform opaque coating Heavy opaque coating with flocculated appearance Non-uniform coating with spots Spotted and streaked coating; uncoated spots Non-stick performance3 Rating (O06) 4 (Good) 5 (Very good) 2 (Reasonable) 1 (Poor) Note: 1) Talc formulations were transformed into 4% solids sheet immersion suspensions by dilution with deionized water. 700 ml of the resulting sheet immersion suspension was then transferred to a 1-liter graduated glass cylinder, the top of which could be sealed with a ground glass stopper. Upon filling the glass cylinder, it was stoppered and then inverted 10 times in rapid succession (each inversion cycle taking approximately 2 seconds). After placing the cylinder on the ground, the initial foam height above the 700 ml mark was recorded, and the sheet immersion suspension was then allowed to stand undisturbed. The foam level was subsequently monitored and measured for a specific internal time, up to a total of 10 minutes. 2) The talc formulations were transformed into 4% solids dip suspensions for sheets by dilution with deionized water, and then 1000 ml of the resulting dip suspension was transferred to a 1-liter graduated glass cylinder whose top could be sealed with a ground glass stopper. Once filled, the glass cylinder was stoppered and then left undisturbed. The sedimentation of the pigment in the dip suspensions for sheets was monitored over time, and the levels of MA / measurements in the graduated cylinder were recorded in cm3 and were taken after 6 hours and then again after 24 hours. The Formula D immersion suspension settled differently from the other three. The Formula D immersion suspension quickly settled into a voluminous, spongy slurry that gradually compacted over time. In contrast, the other immersion suspensions produced more compact sediments that increased in total volume over time as more material settled. 3) The performance of the non-stick coating is qualitatively evaluated on the following rating scale: 4) The talc formulations were transformed into sheet dip suspensions with 4% solids by dilution with deionized water. 700 ml of the resulting sheet dip suspension was then transferred to a 1-liter graduated glass cylinder, the top of which could be sealed with a ground glass stopper. Once filled, the glass cylinder was stoppered and then inverted 10 times in rapid succession (each inversion cycle taking approximately 2 seconds). After placing the cylinder on the ground, the initial foam height above the 700 ml mark was recorded, and the sheet dip suspension was then allowed to stand undisturbed. The foam level was subsequently monitored and measured for a specific internal time, up to a total of 10 minutes. 5) The talc formulations were transformed into sheet dip suspensions with 4% solids by dilution with deionized water, and then 1000 ml of the resulting sheet dip suspension was transferred to a 1-liter graduated glass cylinder whose top could be sealed with a ground glass stopper. Once filled, the glass cylinder was stoppered and then left undisturbed. The settling of the pigment in the sheet dip suspensions was monitored over time, and the measured levels in the cylinder were recorded in cm³ after 6 hours and then again after 24 hours. The Formula D dip suspension settled differently from the other three. The Formula D dip suspension quickly settled into a voluminous, spongy suspension that gradually compacted over time.In contrast, the other immersion suspensions produced more compact sediments that increased in total volume over time as more material settled. MA / 6) The performance of the non-stick coating is qualitatively evaluated on the following rating scale: Classification Description of the rating Failure = rubber test sheets completely stuck together; unable to separate. Poor = The rubber test sheets stuck together in several areas; difficult to separate Acceptable = The rubber test sheets adhered moderately to each other, but could be separated with a moderate level of applied tensile force Acceptable = The rubber test sheets were slightly adhered but could be separated with a minimal level of applied tensile force Good = sheets not adhered; only a small stickiness is detected in small contact areas Very good = sheets not adhered; almost negligible stickiness is detected in a small contact area Excellent = Absolutely no adhesion / stickiness between the rubber sheets. In this example, three different types of immersion suspension performance properties are evaluated, and the results for each are summarized in Table VI. The first immersion suspension performance property evaluated was the foaming performance of the 4% solids immersion suspensions. Initial foam heights were determined, and subsequent foam heights were determined after time intervals of 1 minute, 2 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes, respectively. Details associated with the foam testing methodology are summarized in the footnotes section of Table VI. A review of the foam testing data indicates that sheet immersion suspensions derived from talc formulations containing the cationic polymer PolyDADMAC, specifically formulations C and D, produced less initial foam.Furthermore, its dip-sprue foam was less stable, so it subsequently quenched more rapidly and at a lower level than what was observed with the 4% dip-sprues derived from Formula E or F. In rubber, lower dip-sprue foam levels are always desirable in sheet dip applications. Foaming isn't just a problem for 50. MA / cleaning, but the dry clumps of foam on the surface of uncured rubber compounds can trap moisture underneath, which can subsequently result in blistering during the compound molding process. The second immersion performance property evaluated was the settling characteristics of the pigment in the 4% solids immersion suspensions. The 4% solids immersion suspensions were allowed to settle statically for 24 hours in a 1-liter glass graduated cylinder, and their relative sediment volumes (RSV) were then measured after 6 and 24 hours. Details associated with this settling test methodology are summarized in the footnotes section of Table VI. The significance and meaning of RSV with respect to particle agglomeration and subsequent imperfect particle packing have been discussed previously in the summary of the invention, and the concept is also explained in U.S. Patent No. 6,156,117.Once again, the talc formulations containing the cationic polymer PoliDADMAC, specifically formulations C and D, resulted in 4% solids immersion suspensions that produced significantly larger wet sediments. This was due to the talc platelets flocculating into loose agglomerates with void spaces between particles. As shown in Table VI, their relative sediment volumes after 6 or 24 hours were markedly larger than those produced from the 4% solids immersion suspensions derived from formulations E and F, where PoliDADMAC was not used. These differences in RSV values ​​among the 4% solids immersion suspensions derived from formulations C, D, and E are visually evident in Figure 2.It is also interesting to note that Formula D produced a significantly higher RSV than Formula C, even though the dosage level of active base PolyDADMAC used in both formulas was the same (0.09 wt% of the total formulation). In Figure 1, these same release formulas made on a production scale (Formulas A and B, respectively) showed that the increase in their particle size distributions versus the initial 4:1 w / w mixture of 3 microns mps and 1 micron talc mps pigments was approximately the same. Both release formulas showed an increase of approximately 25% in mean particle size according to measurements taken with a Horiba LA-300 laser light scattering particle size analyzer. While the notable difference in RSV between Formulas C and D is not fully understood, it is believed that the difference is likely a consequence of the higher levels of nonionic surfactant and anionic alkali metal fatty acid soap used in Formula C. The higher concentration of nonionic surfactant and anionic soaps used in Formula C likely wets the talc particles more thoroughly, allowing them to compact to a greater degree. Therefore, greater compaction of the wetted talc platelets would result in a lower RSV measurement. Although this argument suggests that the levels of nonionic surfactant and anionic soap may have some impact on the RSV value, comparative examination of the immersion suspensions derived from Formulas C versus E clearly indicates the sediment-volume-increasing effect resulting from the addition of the PolyDADMAC polymer.Formula E is identical in composition to Formula C, with the exception that no PolyDADMAC was used in Formula E. The 24-hour RSV value of the immersion suspension with 4% solids from Formula E was 31 cm³, while the immersion suspension with 4% solids from Formula C yielded a 24-hour RSV value of 50 cm³. This remarkable difference equates to a 61% increase in RSV simply by using an active base dose of PolyDADMAC of only 0.09% by weight of the total formulation. Finally, it should be noted that the higher RSV values ​​associated with Formulas C and D resulted in moist talc pellets that are soft or spongy, making them easy to resuspend with minimal to moderate agitation. In contrast, the wet sediments associated with immersion suspensions with 4% solids from formulas E and F are rubbery and compact, making them much more difficult to resuspend.The consistency of these wet sediments is evaluated by probing the bottom of the storage flasks with a plastic spatula. It is definitely desirable to have an effective immersion suspension product that does not form a hard sediment. Furthermore, the formation of a hard sediment in talc-dominated anti-stick formulations has historically been a significant limitation, which is now overcome with the current invention through the use of a cationic polymer such as PolyDADMAC. The third dip-coating performance property evaluated in Example 2 was the non-stick coating properties of the dip-coating formulations for sheets onto an uncured rubber compound. Again, dip-coating suspensions for sheets with 4% solids, derived from formulas C, D, E, and F, were used. The uncured rubber compound used in the dip-coating application study was a typical passenger sidewall compound consisting of an NR / BR / EPDM polymer blend. The uncured rubber compound was cooled in a two-roll mill and then heated onto a sheet that 52 MA / IZ / ZUZZ / UUU1 OZ MA / was approximately 0.125 inches thick. This rubber sheet was then cut into rectangular test pieces that were approximately 4 inches long x 1.5 inches wide x 0.125 inches thick. Immersion suspensions with 4% solids derived from formulas C, D, E, and F were subsequently heated to 110°F in a microwave oven and kept continuously stirred for use in the immersion coating. The uncured rubber test pieces were individually placed in a Quincy Labs 20GC gravity convection laboratory oven, whose temperature thermostat was set to 375°F, and then heated for approximately 2 minutes to raise their surface temperature to approximately 225–230°F, as measured with a digital IR laser temperature gun (FLUKE Model 62 Max Plus).A preheated, oven-heated, uncured rubber test piece was then immersed in the stirred 4% dipping suspension, the suspension temperature of which was maintained at approximately 108–110°F. The total immersion time of the rubber specimen was approximately 5 seconds. The moistened rubber test piece was then air-dried using room-temperature blown air (from a nearby fan) to produce a coated rubber sample for non-stick performance evaluation. A pair of rubber test pieces were dipped into each of the 4% solids dipping suspensions. The results of the coating coverage are summarized in Table VI, and Figure 3 shows examples of the coated rubber samples after drying.The results of the dip coating test indicate that the 4% solids dip suspensions derived from formulas C and D produce more uniform, opaque coatings on the rubber test pieces with a heavier coating weight. In comparison, the dip coatings obtained using the 4% solids dip suspension derived from formulas E and F were not uniform and had a very mottled appearance. After a pair of coated rubber samples is generated, the pair is placed in contact, aligned face to face, and then placed between a set of polished stainless steel plates. A 20-pound certified weight is then placed on the plates for a period of 24 hours at room temperature (20–25°C).After the 24-hour contact period, the 20 pounds of weight are removed and the stainless steel plates are then evaluated for the degree of adhesion between the pair of coated rubber samples that had been compressed together in contact. ML / intimate. The non-stick performance is then qualitatively evaluated based on the following rating ratio: Classification Description of the rating Failure = rubber test sheets completely stuck together; unable to separate. Poor = The rubber test sheets stuck together in multiple areas; difficult to separate Regular = The rubber test sheets adhered moderately to each other, but could be separated with a moderate level of applied tensile force Acceptable = The rubber test sheets were slightly adhered but could be separated with a minimal level of applied tensile force Good = sheets not adhered; only slight stickiness was detected in small contact areas Very good = sheets not adhered; almost negligible stickiness was detected in a small contact area Excellent = Absolutely no adhesion / stickiness between the rubber sheets. The non-stick performance ratings for the 4% solids dip suspensions derived from formulas C, D, E, and F are summarized in Table VI. The 4% solids dip suspensions derived from formulas C and D produced "good" to "very good" non-stick coating performance as a result of the use of some PolyDADMAC polymer. In contrast, the 4% solids dip suspensions derived from formulas E and F, which do not contain PolyDADMAC polymer, produced only fair to poor non-stick coating performance. The significant difference in non-stick coating performance between the 4% solids dip suspensions derived from formulas C and E clearly demonstrates the benefit of adding a low dosage level of PolyDADMAC polymer to the talc-based non-stick formulation.Formula E is of identical composition to Formula C except that PoliDADMAC was not used in Formulation E. The significant improvement in dip coating coverage and non-stick performance on uncured rubber compounds associated with the use of low dosage levels of cationic polymer PoliDADMAC in the talc-based dip suspension formulations of the invention, according to the 4% solids dip suspensions of Formulas C and D, are remarkable and truly unexpected. Example 3 This Example is analogous to Example 2 in scope and in the immersion suspension test protocol, except that four new non-stick formulations were produced on a laboratory bench scale for testing. Formulations G, H, I, and J in Table VII are all related in composition to Formula C of Example 2. Anti-stick composition formulas G, H, I, and J are identical to anti-stick formula C except that a portion of the 3µm² talc content has been replaced with another anti-blocking pigment (specifically, calcium stearate, calcium carbonate, calcined kaolin clay, and phlogopite mica, respectively). In each case, 26.67% by weight of the active base 3µm² talc content present in Formula C has been replaced in the production of this new set of anti-stick formulas. In these new formulations, this means that approximately 21.3% by weight of the total dry-basis talc content, the total being the combined amount of 3µm² talc plus 1µm² talc, has been replaced with the aforementioned alternative anti-blocking pigments.However, since the partial talc replacement strategy with alternative anti-blockers selectively replaced only 3 mieras of talc mps, this means that the active base weight ratio of 3 mieras talc to 1 miera talc mps in the formulations has been reduced from its original 4:1 w / w ratio to approximately 2.91:1 w / w. In terms of % by total weight of the formulation, the 3-micron mps talc (SAS-3) has therefore been reduced in the formula weight % from 37.50% to 27.50%, the 1-micron mps talc (FlexTalc 610) remains the same in a formula weight % of 9.44%, while the alternative antiblocking replacement pigment (calcium stearate, calcium carbonate, calcined kaolin clay or phlogopite mica) has increased in the formula weight % from 0.00% to 10.00%.In these experiments, the largest 3-micron mps talc was chosen for selective replacement because some of the antiblocking replacement pigments, specifically calcium stearate and phlogopite mica, have a larger particle size and both have a lamellar morphology. Baerolub S-VSA-200 is a -200 mesh melt-grade calcium stearate that typically has a Microtrac average particle size of approximately 16–20 microns, while Suzorite 325-S is a -325 mesh phlogopite mica that has a Cilas average particle size of approximately 35 microns and a Jennings aspect ratio of approximately 80. All new non-stick formulas are produced on a 5,300-gram scale using a high-speed, single-axis laboratory dispersion unit equipped with a 55 MA / t / ZUZZ / UUU I OZ ML / Cowles cutting dispersion blade. The general method for preparing formulas G, H, I, and J was analogous to the stepped pigment addition scheme described above in process scheme 1 (Table III), wherein nonionic surfactants and anionic alkali metal fatty acid soaps are intermittently incorporated to keep the batch fluid and well mixed during the course of the suspension dispersion process. Batches of formulas G, H, I, and J were fully characterized, and their respective physical properties were then monitored over a two-week period (as summarized in Table VII). The physical properties monitored included Brookfield viscosity values ​​determined at 2 rpm and 20 rpm, pH, and conductivity. All four batches had a solids content greater than 50%, and all produced an initial Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm between 10,000 and 20,000 cps. None of the formulas showed evidence of pigment settling or syneresis during their two-week aging period. After aging for two weeks at room temperature (20–25 °C), all four formulas had a Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm of less than 150,000 cps and a Brookfield viscosity at 20 rpm of less than 20,000 cps.In summary, all these non-stick formulations are viable to be manufactured, stored, transported, and pumped. Table VII: Physical Property Monitoring Data for Laboratory Non-Stick Formulations G, H, I and J: Non-stick Formula (% Solids & Description) Initial Viscosity, pH and Conductivity of BFC Viscosity, pH and Conductivity of Aged BF after 3 days of aging Viscosity, pH and Conductivity of Aged BF after 7 days of aging Viscosity, pH and Conductivity of Aged BF after 14 days of aging Formula g @ 52.0 % Solids Description: Formula C through Cowles but 26.67 % response of 3-micron talc with Ca stearate BaeroLub VSA-200 Sp#91 BF @ 2 rpm = 19,500 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 4,860 cps pH = 9.80 Cond. = 2.28 mS / cm Sp #91 BF @ 2 rpm = 57,400 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 10,260 cps pH = 9.87 Cond. = 2.51 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 71,200 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 11,580 cps pH = 9.55 Cond. = 2.41 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 86,800 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 13,420 cps pH = 9.60 Cond. = 2.06 mS / cm MA / Formula H @ 52.15% solids Description: Formula C through Cowles but 26.67% response of 3-micron talc with HuberCarb G2 CaCO3 Sp#91 BF @ 2 rpm = 14,600 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 3,350 cps pH = 9.94 Cond. = 3.17 mS / cm Sp#91 BF @ 2 rpm = 29,600 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 5,770 cps pH = 9.85 Cond. = 3.21 mS / cm Sp #91 BF @ 2 rpm = 36,000 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 6,810 cps pH = 9.76 Cond. = 3.25 mS / cm Sp #91 BF @ 2 rpm = 45,000 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 7,600 cps pH = 9.61 Cond. = 3.30 mS / cm Formula I @ 52.35 % solids Description: Formula C through Cowles but 26.67 % response of 3-micron talc with Calcined Kaolin Iceberg Sp#91 BF @ 2 rpm = 16,500 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 4,150 cps pH = 9.49 Cond. = 2.52 mS / cm Sp #91 BF @ 2 rpm = 54,400 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 10,060 cps pH = 9.63 Cond. = 2.76 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 68,800 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 12,160 cps pH = 9.42 Cond. = 2.74 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 91,600 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 15,240 cps pH = 9.28 Cond. = 2.69 mS / cm Formula J @ 52.75% Solids Description: Formula C through Cowles but 26.67% Talc Replicates of 3 mieras with Suzorite 325-S Mica Sp#91 BF @ 2 rpm = 18,300 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 4,710 cps pH = 9.73 Cond. = 2.39 mS / cm Sp #91 BF @ 2 rpm = 71,000 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 12,680 cps pH = 9.64 Cond. = 2.58 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 85,000 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 14,540 cps pH = 9.53 Cond. = 2.53 mS / cm Sp #92 BF @ 2 rpm = 108,000 cps BF @ 20 rpm = 17,460 cps pH = 9.41 Cond. = 2.52 mS / cm. Grades: a) All test batches are aged at room temperature (20-25 °C). All properties were determined at 25 °C. Brookfield viscosities were measured using a Brookfield RVDVE Heliopath viscometer unit equipped with T-spindles at 2 rpm and then at 20 rpm; TA (#91) and B (#92) spindles were used as required. b) The % solids values ​​were determined using an MF-50 model AND halogen lamp-based moisture balance using a temperature setting of 150 °C. c) All pH values ​​were determined at 25°C using an Oakton pH 450 meter. Conductivity values ​​were determined at 25°C using an Oakton CON 700 conductivity / TDS meter. ML / In Table VIII below, the immersion suspension performance properties of Formulas G, H, I, and J are critically compared. Each release agent formula is transformed by dilution with water into 4% solids-content immersion suspensions for end-use application testing. Three different types of immersion performance properties were re-evaluated using the same test protocols previously described and discussed in Example 2. The test results are summarized in Table VIII. All release agents, with the exception of Formula H, produced comparable amounts of immersion suspension foam to the 4% solids immersion suspensions previously derived from Formulas C and D.However, Formula H, which used some fine particles of ground calcium carbonate (HuberCarb G2; Sedigraph reported mps = 2 microns) as a partial replacement for the 3 micron mps talc, exhibited a somewhat higher level of foaming. The reduction in the foaming level of Formula H can probably be addressed by decreasing the amounts of nonionic surfactant and alkali metal fatty acid soap used in that particular formulation, or by using nonionic surfactants from the same chemical family that have a slightly lower HLB, which will be inherently less foamy. Furthermore, it should be noted that the wet sludges arising from the dip suspensions of Formulas G through J were generally more packed and gummy than those originating from the dip suspensions of Formulas C and D.Once again, this can likely be addressed by reducing the amounts of nonionic surfactant and anionic soap used and / or increasing the amount of PolyDADMAC polymer used to increase the overall amount of mineral particle flocculation. It is not too surprising that partially replacing the 3-micron talc pigmentation with alternative antiblocking pigments will require some adjustments to the packing quantities of nonionic surfactant, anionic soap, and cationic polymer to optimize the immersion suspension properties of the new formulation, since the replacement pigments have different surface chemistry, different surface charge properties, and different surface areas.With respect to wet sediment volumes, the higher RSV value associated with the immersion suspension derived from Formula I may seem an anomaly in light of its compact and rubbery sediment, but this situation can be easily explained based on the structured morphology of the calcined kaolin clay pigment. It is known in the prior art that kaolin platelets are fused together into structured aggregates during the high-temperature calcination process, in such a way 58. MA / that calcined clays inherently provide more bulk properties. The calcined kaolin clay used in Formula I was a conventional quality calcined kaolin for paints and coatings (Iceberg from Burgess Pigment Company) that has a Sedigraph average particle size of approximately 1.3 microns. What is most critical in this initial formulation selection of other antiblocking agents as partial replacements for the 3-micron talc mps pigmentation is the coating coverage and the resulting antiblocking performance properties on uncured rubber compounds. All dip suspensions with 4% solids produced a uniform, opaque coating layer on the uncured rubber compound. The 4% solids sheet dip suspensions derived from formulations G and J were, in particular, rated as “Very Good” antiblocking agents according to our antiblocking performance rating criteria. This example clearly demonstrates that highly functional antiblocking agents can be formulated so that a portion of the 3-micron talc mps can be effectively replaced by other antiblocking pigments in replacement quantities of up to approximately 25–30% by weight.Particularly effective antiblocking pigments, as demonstrated in this example, are those with a platelet morphology, such as melt-grade calcium stearate pigments and mica pigments. Consequently, high aspect ratio delaminated kaolin clays can also be a particularly effective antiblocking candidate given their lamellar morphology and associated aspect ratio, which can be similar in magnitude to that of fine talc particles. For someone skilled in the art, the desired improvements in the foam of the dipping suspension and in the pigment suspension for 4% solids dips of formulations G and J can be achieved by adjusting the relative amounts of nonionic surfactants, anionic alkali metal fatty acid soaps, antifoam, and the cationic polymer PolyDADMAC used in the formulation.While the costs associated with calcium stearate pigments and mica pigments are typically higher than for fine particle, dry-ground talc, the additional raw material cost associated with partially substituting a portion of the talc can be justified based on the final cost versus performance considerations. ML / Table VIII: Immersion performance test of talc-based non-stick sheets at % solids of the immersion suspension Formula ID Talc Formula G Talc Formula H Talc Formula I Talc Formula J Product Description Formula C but 26.67% Repl. of 3-mineral talc with calcium stearate BaeroLub VSA-200 Formula C but 26.67% Repl. of 3-mineral talc with HuberCarb G2 CaCO3 Formula C but 26.67% Repl. of 3-mineral talc with calcined kaolin clay Iceberg Formula C but 26.67% Repl. 3-micron talc with Suzorite 325-S Mica Foam properties for immersion suspensions1 Initial foam height, mm 43 126 88 78 Foam height after 1 minute, mm 31 104 63 47 Foam height after 2 minutes, mm 30 99 29 29 Foam height after 5 minutes, mm 23 65 20 18 Foam height after 10 minutes, mm 19 32 18 7 Wet settling properties for immersion suspensions2 RSV after 6 h, cm3 17 6 ​​67 33 RSV after 24 h,cm3 28 14 67 50 Characteristics of wet sediments Hard & Sticky Sediment - difficult to resuspend; requires high-speed mixing Hard & Sticky Sediment difficult to resuspend; requires high-speed mixing Hard & Sticky Sediment difficult to resuspend; requires high-speed mixing Soft Sediment - moderate mixing is necessary to resuspend Non-stick coating properties on uncured rubber Rubber coating coverage Uniform opaque coating Uniform opaque coating Uniform opaque coating Uniform opaque coating Non-stick performance3 Rating (0^6) 5 3 4 5, MA / Note: 1. Talc formulations are transformed into 4% solids immersion suspensions by dilution with deionized water. 700 ml of the resulting immersion suspension is then transferred to a 1-liter graduated glass cylinder, the top of which can be sealed with a ground glass stopper. Upon filling the cylinder, it is stoppered and then inverted 10 times in rapid succession (each inversion cycle takes approximately 2 seconds). After placing the cylinder on the ground, the initial foam height above the 700 ml mark is recorded, and the sheet immersion suspension is then allowed to stand undisturbed. The foam level is then monitored and measured for a specified internal time, up to a total of 10 minutes. 2. The talc formulations were transformed into 4% solids sheet dip suspensions by dilution with deionized water, and then 1000 ml of the resulting sheet dip suspension was transferred to a 1-liter graduated glass cylinder whose top could be sealed with a ground glass stopper. Once filled, the glass cylinder was stoppered and then left undisturbed. Pigment settling in the sheet dip suspensions was monitored over time, and the measured levels in the cylinder were recorded in cm³ after 6 hours and then again after 24 hours. The Formula I sheet dip suspension settled differently from the other three. The 4% solids Formula I sheet dip suspension settled completely within 6 hours, and no further changes in the RSV value were observed beyond that time period.In contrast, the other immersion suspensions produced more compact sediments that increased in total volume over time as more material settled. 3. The performance of the non-stick coating is qualitatively evaluated on the following rating scale: Classification Description of the Rating Failure = rubber test sheets completely stuck together; unable to separate. Poor = The rubber test sheets stuck together in multiple areas; difficult to separate ML / Regular = The rubber test sheets adhered moderately to each other, but could be separated with a moderate level of applied tensile force Acceptable = The rubber test sheets were slightly adhered but could be separated with a minimal level of applied tensile force Good = sheets not adhered; only slight stickiness was detected in small contact areas Very good = sheets not adhered; almost negligible stickiness was detected in a small contact area Excellent = Absolutely no adhesion / stickiness between the rubber sheets. Example 4 This anti-stick formulation experiment is conducted as a follow-up to Formula J in Example 3 and is analogous in scope to Example 3. However, in this example, the weight percent amounts of Valpro 59 soap and non-ionic surfactant Ethal TDA5 used in the new Formula K are significantly reduced to demonstrate the effect that the levels of anionic soap plus non-ionic surfactant can collectively have on the resulting immersion suspension foam and wet settling properties of the RSV. However, the weight percent amount of cationic polymer PoliDADMAC employed in Formulas J versus K is kept constant. Like Formula J, the new Formula K is a talc-plus mica anti-blocking pigment combination such that the relative active base weight ratio of the total combined talc pigments to 35 micron mica is approximately 3.7:1.The talc portion of the antiblocking pigmentation of the formula consists of 3 micron mps talc plus 1 micron mps talc in a relative active base weight ratio of approximately 2.91:1. Full details of the composition of Formula K are summarized in Table IX. ML / Table IX: Summary of the Composition for the K Anti-adherent Talc / Mica Formulation Formula K Talc / Micac Anti-Stick Method: Dual Shaft High Speed ​​Disperser Chemical Trade Name / Supplier Chemical Name Ingredient Properties and Functionality CAS# Lab Batch Weight, g % By Weight in Formula Soft Water Dihydrogen Oxide Solvent Phase 7732-18-5 2581.18 48.70 % Talc SAS-3 / Cimbar Performance Minerals Talc; Hydrated Magnesium Silicate Anti-blocking Pigment (3 µm median ps)3 14 807-96-6 1457.50 27.50 % FlexTalc 610 / Cimbar Performance Minerals Talc; Hydrated magnesium silicate Antiblocking pigment (median PS of 1 micron)3 14 807-96-6 500.56 9.44 % Suzorite 325S Mica / Imerys Phlogopite mica Antiblocking pigment (median PS of 35 microns)3 12 001-26-2 530.00 10.00 % Ethal TDA-5 / Ethox Chemicals PEG-5 tridecyl ether; Trideceth-5 Interfacial wetting (pigment & rubber); Nonionic surfactant with HLB = 10.4 24 938-91-8 53.29 1.01 % Norfox 92 / Norman, Fox & Co.Sodium tallow soap Interfacial wetting (pigment & rubber) 8052-48-0 57.42 1.08% ValPro 59 / Vanguard Soap Blend of Sodium Vegate + Sodium Cocoate Soaps Interfacial wetting (pigment & rubber) 68 082-64-4 & 61 789-31-9 19.43 0.37% Konasil 200 / OCI 200 m2 / g of pyrogenic silica; Synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide Pigment suspension, foam control & antiblocking 7631-86-9 31.80 0.60 % DEE FO 3010A / Munzing Chemie Petroleum distillates, mixture of light and heavy paraffinic oils Oil-based antifoam 64 742-56-9 & 64 742-65-0 15.90 0.30 %. ML / Xanthan Gum / Global Ingredients Xanthan Gum; Polysaccharide Pigment Suspension Adjuvant 11 138-66-2 13.78 0.26% n-Butyl Stearate / Custom Synthesis, LLC n-Butyl Stearate Pigment Humectant & Antifoam 123-95-5 10.60 0.20% PhosFlex 4 / ICL Industrial Products Tri-Butyl Phosphate Antifoam 126-73-8 10.60 0.20% Pangel W / Tolsa Group Sepiolite; Hydrated Magnesium Silicate Pigment Suspension Adjuvant 63800-37-3 5.30 0.10% PDMBL Series / Isomeric Industries PoliDADMAC; Polydialyldimethi-1-ammonium chloride (Mw = 493,000 Da)b Water-soluble cationic polymer; Pigment flocculant 26 062-79-3 4.96 0.09% BSC 3243 / Bulk Chemical Services Dazomet; Tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H1,3,5-thiadiazin-2-thione Biocide 533-74-4 3.98 0.08% BCS 3502A / Bulk Chemical Services Glutaraldehyde Biocide 111-30-8 3.18 0.06% Surfynol 440 / Evonik PEG-3.5 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decin-4,7-diol Interfacial Wetting (pigment & rubber); Non-ionic surfactant with HLB = 8.0 9014-85-1 0.53 0.01 % Totals = 5300 g 100.00 %. Grades: a) The average particle size of the talc and mica pigments was determined using a Cilas 990L particle size analyzer. b) The Mw of the cationic polymer was determined by Jordi Labs of Mansfield, MA using tetra detection gel filtration chromatography (GPC-T). c) The physical properties obtained for this batch are summarized in Table X. Formula K is produced on a laboratory scale of 5,300 grams using a dual-axis laboratory dispersion unit, such that the high-speed axis was 64 MA / equipped with a Cowles-cut style dispersion blade. The general methodology for preparing Formula K was analogous to the stepped pigment addition scheme previously described in Process Scheme 1, where nonionic surfactants and anionic alkali metal fatty acid soaps are intermittently incorporated to keep the batch fluid and well mixed during the course of the suspension dispersion process. The Formula K batch is fully characterized immediately after production and its physical properties are retested after a 2-week aging period (data are summarized in Table X). Table X: Physical Test Properties of the K Anti-stick Talc / Mica Formulation (of the Table IX) Initial Quality Control Test Properties for Batch 1 2-Week Aging Test Properties for Batch 1 pH @ 25 °C 9.63 9.36 Conductivity @ 25 °C, mS / cm 2.27 2.63 Viscosity BF (Sp# 91 or 92 @ 2 rpm), cps 19 800 100 200 Viscosity BF (Sp# 91 or 92 @ 20 rpm), cps 4230 14 900 Specific Gravity2 @ 25 °C, g / ml 1.36 ___ Solids Content3, % by weight 51.0 ___ Grades: 1) The test batch was aged at room temperature (20-25 °C). All properties were determined at 25 °C. pH values ​​were determined using an Oakton pH 450 meter. Conductivity values ​​were determined using an Oakton CON 700 conductivity / TDS meter. Brookfield viscosities were measured using a Brookfield RVDVE Heliopath viscometer unit equipped with T-spindles at 2 rpm and then at 20 rpm; the spindle at TA (#91) was used for the initial BF readings, while the spindle at TB (#92) was used for the BF readings in the 2-week aged batch. 2) Specific gravity was determined using a 100 ml specific gravity cup in accordance with ASTM D1475. 3) The % of solids is determined by using an MF-50 model AND halogen lamp-based moisture balance using a temperature setting of 150 °C. ML / The physical properties tested on Formula K include solids content, specific gravity, Brookfield viscosity values ​​at 2 rpm and 20 rpm, pH, and conductivity. Formula K is a suspension concentrate with a solids content exceeding 50%, and the initial batch produced a Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm between 10,000 and 20,000 cps. It showed no evidence of pigment settling, and no syneresis was observed during its two-week aging period. After aging for two weeks at room temperature (20–25°C), Formula K produced a Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm of less than 150,000 cps and also a Brookfield viscosity at 20 rpm of less than 20,000 cps. Therefore, Formula K is a high-solids talc-plus-mica anti-stick formulation that is suitable for manufacturing, storage, transportation, and pumping. Next, the performance properties of the Formula K immersion suspension are critically evaluated. The suspension concentrate was transformed by dilution with water into a 4% solids immersion suspension for sheeting for the final use-in-the-end application test. Three different types of immersion performance properties are re-evaluated using the same test protocols previously described and discussed in Examples 2 and 3. The suspension test results are summarized in Table XI. Table XI: Immersion test of Talc / Mica based non-stick sheets at 4% solids of the immersion suspension Formula ID Talc / Mica Formula K Product Description Talc / mica non-stick formula with reduced % of V59 soap and TDA-5 surfactant Dip Suspension Foam Properties Initial foam height, mm 28 Foam height after 1 minute, mm 0 Foam height after 2 minutes, mm 0 Foam height after 5 minutes, mm 0 Foam height after 10 minutes, mm 0 Wet Settling Properties for Dip Suspension RSV after 6 h, cm3 122 RSV after 24 h, cm3 75 Wet Settling Characteristics Soft settling, moderate mixing required to resuspend Non-stick Coating Properties on Uncured Rubber Rubber Coating Coverage Uniform opaque coating Non-stick performance Rating (0 —> 6) 4 MA / IZ / ZUZZ / UUU1 OZ When comparing the results of the immersion slurry foaming for Formula K versus Formula J, the initial foam height was significantly reduced (from 78 mm to 28 mm). Furthermore, for Formula K, the initial immersion foam level was unstable and extinguished completely very quickly, in less than 1 minute. The slurry foam associated with Formula J also extinguished, although more slowly and not to the same extent. These differences in foaming indicate a significant improvement in immersion slurry foam control by reducing the amounts of nonionic alkali metal fatty acid soap and nonionic surfactant used in Formula K.However, the overall levels of anionic alkali metal fatty acid soap and nonionic surfactant in the formulation were still sufficient to produce an effective dip-free coating on an uncured elastomeric compound. Furthermore, reducing the amounts of anionic alkali metal fatty acid soap and nonionic surfactant used in the dip-free formulation had a positive effect on increasing the RSV value of the resulting wet sludge after the 4% solids dip slurry was allowed to stand for 24 hours. This improvement in soft wet sludge volume is observed when comparing the 24-hour RSV values ​​associated with Formula J (50 cm³; Table VIII) versus the 24-hour RSV associated with Formula K (75 cm³; Table XI).It is advantageous to increase the volume of soft, wet sediments, as this minimizes the potential for hard packing of the mineral pigment in the immersion suspension tanks and lines when the immersion systems are shut down for maintenance or during vacations. Example 4 further illustrates, within the scope of the invention, that the general performance properties of the immersion suspension (foam, RSV, coating coverage, and non-stick effectiveness) can be readily altered as desired by adjusting the relative amounts of non-ionic surfactant, anionic alkali metal fatty acid soaps, antifoam, and the cationic polymer PolyDADMAC used in the non-stick formulation. As such, an invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments thereof that meets each and every one of the objects of the present invention set forth above and 67 provides a new and improved high-solids non-stick formulation utilizing effective amounts of a fine-particle talc, a lower-solids non-stick formulation, and a method for using the lower-solids formulation in non-stick rubber applications. Of course, those skilled in the art may consider various changes, modifications, and alterations to the teachings of the present invention without departing from its intended spirit and scope. It is intended that the present invention be limited only by the terms of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An aqueous anti-adherent formulation comprising talc particles having an average particle size range of less than 7 microns, the talc particles in an amount ranging from 40% to 72% of the total weight of the formulation, the aqueous anti-adherent formulation having a total solids content of 45-75% by weight of the formulation, preferably at least 50-75%, the anti-adherent formulation further comprising: a cationic polyquaternary polymer having a molecular weight between approximately 50,000 and 2,000,000 Daltons in an amount effective to at least prevent the formation of a hard talc sediment when the anti-adherent formulation is used in a diluted form to coat uncured rubber composite products and / or improve the coating coverage of uncured rubber composite products;one or a combination of the following: a) one or more non-ionic surfactants with an intermediate HLB value of 6 to 12 in a total amount ranging from approximately 0.01 to 4.0% of the total weight of the formulation, preferably from approximately 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of the formulation; and b) one or more soaps of saturated or unsaturated C8-C20 fatty acids, alkali metals, in a total amount ranging from approximately 0.01 to 3.0% of the total weight of the formulation, preferably less than 2.0% by weight of the formulation; and optionally, one or more suspension adjuvants in a total amount of not more than approximately 2.0% by weight of the formulation; the remainder being water; 2. The aqueous non-stick formulation according to claim 1, wherein the polyquaternary cationic polymer is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 0.25% by weight of the formulation, more preferably less than 0.10% by weight; 3. The aqueous anti-stick formulation according to claim 1, wherein the anti-stick formulation has one or more of the following viscosities: an initial static Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm of 5000 to 25000 cps; a static Brookfield viscosity at 2 rpm aged for two weeks of less than 150000 cps; or a dynamic Brookfield viscosity at 20 rpm aged for two weeks of less than 25000 cps; wherein the initial and aged static and dynamic viscosities are measured using a Brookfield RVDVE heliopath viscometer unit equipped with T-spindles and operated at 2 or 20 rpm and 25 degrees C.

4. The aqueous non-stick formulation according to claim 1, wherein the polyquaternium cationic polymer comprises epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine (Epi-DMA), one or more polyquaterniums, or one of their combinations.

5. The aqueous non-stick formulation according to claim 4, the cationic polyquaternium polymer comprises polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride.

6. The aqueous anti-adherent formulation according to claim 1, wherein the one or more non-ionic surfactants comprise alkylphenol ethoxylates, 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol ethoxylates, ethoxylates of linear or branched fatty alcohols having a carbon chain length ranging from Ce to Ci8, EO / PO alkoxylates of linear or branched fatty alcohols having a carbon chain length ranging from Ce to Cis, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated castor oils, ethoxylated fatty amines, and PEG esters or diesters of saturated or unsaturated Cs to C20 fatty acids.

7. The aqueous non-stick formulation according to claim 6, wherein one or more soaps of saturated or unsaturated Cs-C20 fatty acids, of alkali metals, comprise sodium or potassium soaps of saturated or unsaturated Cs-C20 fatty acids.

8. The aqueous non-stick formulation according to claim 1, wherein the talc is a mixture of two talc particles of different sizes, wherein the size difference between the two talc particles of different sizes is at least two microns, the mixture preferably being based on a weight ratio of larger to smaller particles of 1.5:1 to 9:

1. MA / 9. The aqueous anti-adherent formulation according to claim 1, wherein the talc is replaced with one or more of another anti-blocking pigment in an amount of up to 25% of the total weight of talc in the formulation.

10. The aqueous anti-stick formulation according to claim 9, wherein the anti-blocking pigment is selected from the group consisting of kaolinite, calcined kaolin clays, smectite clay minerals such as bentonite and hectorite, attapulgite, sepiolite, barite, nepheline syenite, calcium carbonate (ground or precipitated forms), dolomite, fine particle micas consisting of muscovite or phlogopite, feldspars, synthetic amorphous silica pigments such as precipitated silica and pyrogenic silica, alumina trihydrate, hydrotalcite, and various metal stearate pigments such as calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and zinc stearate.

11. The aqueous anti-stick formulation according to claim 1, wherein the anti-stick formulation may include one or more of the following additives: b) one or more antifoaming agents in a total amount of not more than approximately 1.0% of the total weight of the formulation; and c) one or more biocides in a total amount of not more than approximately 0.15% by weight of the formulation.

12. The aqueous non-stick formulation according to claim 1, wherein the total solids content ranges from 45 to 50% and the suspension adjuvants are included in the non-stick formulation.

13. A method of coating an uncured rubber compound to provide non-stick properties to a surface of the rubber compound comprising: providing the non-stick formulation according to claim 1, diluting the non-stick formulation to a total solids content range of 1-10%; applying the diluted non-stick formulation to the rubber compound.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the application step comprises either a suspension application in an immersion tank or a spray application. ML / 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the total solids content varies from 2-6%.

16. An aqueous anti-adherent formulation comprising talc particles having an average particle size range of less than 7 microns, the talc particles in an amount ranging from 40% to 72% of the total weight of the formulation, the aqueous anti-adherent formulation having a total solids content of 45-75% by weight of the formulation, the anti-adherent formulation further comprising: at least polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride as a polyquaternary cationic polymer having a molecular weight between approximately 200,000 and 2,000,000 Daltons and in an amount effective to at least prevent the formation of a hard talc sediment when the anti-adherent formulation is used in a diluted form to coat uncured rubber composite products and / or improve the coating coverage of uncured rubber composite products;one or more of tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxylates of the nonionic surfactant 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5-decyn-4,7-diol in an amount ranging from approximately 0.01-4.0% of the total weight of the formulation, preferably from approximately 0.5-2.0% by weight of the formulation; one or more sodium or potassium soaps of saturated or unsaturated C8-C20 fatty acids, in an amount ranging from approximately 0.01-3.0% of the total weight of the formulation, preferably less than 2.0% by weight of the formulation; and one or more pigment suspension adjuvants of pyrogenic silica, xanthan gum, and sepiolite in a total amount ranging from approximately 0.0-2.0% of the total weight of the formulation; Optionally, one or more of dazomet, glutaraldehyde and / or 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one in a combined active base amount ranging from approximately 0.0 - 0.15% of the total weight of the formulation; and the remainder is water.

17. An aqueous non-stick formulation comprising the non-stick formulation according to claim 1 in dilute form such that the total solids content ranges from approximately 1 to 10%.

18. The aqueous anti-adherent formulation according to claim 17, wherein the talc is replaced with one or more of another anti-blocking pigment in an amount of up to 25% of the total weight of the talc in the formulation.

19. The non-stick formulation according to claim 17, having a relative sediment volume of at least 35 cm3, the relative sediment volume being measured by using 1000 ml of a 4% solids diluted form of the non-stick formulation in a 1 liter graduated cylinder after 24 hours of settling under static conditions.

20. A method for preparing an aqueous anti-stick formulation having a total solids content ranging from 45-75%, comprising: adding a series of components to prepare the aqueous anti-stick formulation, the addition step further comprising adding an amount of at least one fine-particle-size talc, an amount of one or more polyquaternary cationic polymers, an amount of one or both of: (i) one or more non-ionic surfactants with an intermediate HLB value of 6 to 12; and (ii) one or more saturated or unsaturated C8-C20 fatty acid soaps, alkali metal soaps, an optional amount of one or more suspending aids, antifoaming agents, and biocides, and water to form the aqueous anti-stick formulation, wherein the amount of the one or more polyquaternary cationic polymers is converted into an aqueous solution before other amounts of the components are added to prepare the aqueous anti-stick formulation.

21. The non-stick formulation according to claim 1, wherein the talc particles have a TCS content of less than 0.5% by weight.

22. The non-stick formulation according to claim 16, wherein the talc particles have a TCS content of less than 0.5% by weight. MA / t / ZUZZ / UUU IOZ