Composite pane with aerogel layer and vacuum insulation

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pane comprising an exterior pane (1) and an interior pane (2) which are flatly connected together. An aerogel layer (6) is incorporated into the composite pane between the exterior pane (1) and the interior pane (2), and the composite pane has a vacuum insulating glazing (5) which comprises an outer pane (5a) that faces the exterior pane (1) and an inner pane (5b) that is spaced from the outer pane (5a) via spacers (5d, 5e), wherein the intermediate space (5c) between the outer pane (5a) and the inner pane (5b) is evacuated, and (i) the vacuum insulating glazing (5) is incorporated into the composite pane between the exterior pane (1) and the interior pane (2) or (ii) the interior pane (2) of the composite pane forms the inner pane (5b) of the vacuum insulating glazing (5).

Description

[0001] Composite pane with aerogel layer and vacuum insulation

[0002] The invention relates to a composite pane equipped with an aerogel layer and a vacuum insulating glazing, and to the use thereof.

[0003] When it comes to glazing in buildings and vehicles, the energy input through the glazing is a problem. The total solar energy radiated is comprised of the direct energy and the indirect energy radiated as thermal radiation after the pane components have heated up. This is typically characterized as the TTS value. If the interior of the building or vehicle heats up too much, it must be countered with air conditioning, which is not conducive to energy-saving operation. Glass manufacturers therefore strive to minimize the energy input through the glazing as much as possible.

[0004] To provide thermal insulation, it is known to construct the glazing as vacuum insulating glazing (VIG). Two glass panes are spaced apart by spacers, with the space between the panes being evacuated. Such glazing for buildings is known, for example, from EP1978199A1 and WG9804802A1. EP3878827A1 discloses a vehicle window constructed as vacuum insulating glazing.

[0005] Aerogels are highly porous solids known for their very low thermal conductivity and thermal insulation properties. WO2012154602A1 discloses an insulating glazing unit with an aerogel layer. US2010146880A1 discloses a building roof panel consisting of two glass panes and an aerogel layer in between. EP3381881A1 discloses a composite panel consisting of two glass panes and an intermediate thermally insulating layer, which can be formed as an aerogel layer.

[0006] CN102839893A and CN208267668U disclose a type of insulating glazing, in which two glass panes are connected to each other via a spacer. The space between them is filled with aerogel and evacuated. The present invention is based on the object of providing an improved composite pane that has low heat input and ensures high thermal comfort.

[0007] The object is achieved according to the invention by a composite pane according to independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

[0008] The composite pane according to the invention comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are bonded together. An aerogel layer is embedded in the composite pane between the outer and inner panes. The composite pane also features vacuum insulating glazing.

[0009] The vacuum insulating glazing unit comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are spaced apart by spacers, forming a gap between the outer and inner panes. The outer pane of the vacuum insulating glazing unit faces the outer pane of the laminated pane, while the inner pane faces away from the outer pane. The gap between the outer and inner panes is evacuated.

[0010] The invention can fundamentally be implemented in two different variants. In a first variant (also referred to as "variant (i)"), the vacuum insulating glazing is embedded between the outer pane and the inner pane in the laminated pane. In a second variant (also referred to as "variant (ii)"), the inner pane of the laminated pane also forms the inner pane of the vacuum insulating glazing.

[0011] Through the combination of an aerogel layer and vacuum insulating glazing, the laminated pane according to the invention exhibits excellent thermal insulation properties. The heat input into an interior space through the laminated pane is drastically reduced. The aerogel layer also has acoustic insulating properties, which is advantageous for shielding disruptive external noise. The aerogel layer and the vacuum insulating glazing are very lightweight, so that the overall weight of the laminated pane is also comparatively low. These are major advantages of the present invention. The laminated pane is typically intended to separate an interior space from the external environment in an opening (in particular a window opening, for example a window opening in a vehicle or a building). For the purposes of the invention, the "inner pane" refers to the pane facing the interior space.The term "outer pane" refers to the pane facing the outside environment. The outer pane and the inner pane each have an outside surface and an inside surface, and a circumferential side edge surface running between them. For the purposes of the invention, the term "outer surface" refers to the main surface which is intended to face the outside environment and the sun in the installed position. For the purposes of the invention, the term "inside surface" refers to the main surface which is intended to face the interior in the installed position. The interior-side surface of the outer pane and the outside surface of the inner pane face each other and are connected to one another.

[0012] When installed, the outer pane of the vacuum insulating glazing also faces the outside environment and the outer pane. The inner pane of the vacuum insulating glazing faces the interior, as does the inner pane in variant (i).

[0013] The composite pane according to the invention is, in particular, a window pane, door pane, or glass facade of a building or vehicle. The composite pane is preferably a window pane of a vehicle (vehicle window), in particular a vehicle roof pane.

[0014] In a first embodiment of variant (i), the vacuum insulating glazing has a smaller distance from the outer pane than the aerogel layer. The laminated pane preferably comprises, in the order given:

[0015] - the outer pane,

[0016] - a first connecting layer,

[0017] - vacuum insulating glazing,

[0018] - a second connecting layer,

[0019] - the aerogel layer,

[0020] - a third connection layer and

[0021] - the inner pane. In a second embodiment of variant (i), the vacuum insulating glazing has a greater distance from the outer pane than the aerogel layer. The laminated pane comprises

[0022] - the outer pane,

[0023] - a first connecting layer,

[0024] - the aerogel layer,

[0025] - a second connecting layer,

[0026] - vacuum insulating glazing,

[0027] - a third connection layer and

[0028] - the inner pane.

[0029] In variant (i), the outer pane and the inner pane are connected to each other via an intermediate layer, with both the aerogel layer and the vacuum insulating glazing embedded in the intermediate layer. The aerogel layer and the vacuum insulating glazing each form a layer of the intermediate layer. The aerogel layer is arranged between the outer pane and the vacuum insulating glazing or between the vacuum insulating glazing and the inner pane.

[0030] In variant (ii), the laminated pane preferably comprises, in the order given:

[0031] - the outer pane,

[0032] - a first connecting layer,

[0033] - the aerogel layer,

[0034] - a second connecting layer,

[0035] - vacuum insulating glazing.

[0036] In variant (ii), the vacuum insulating glazing is an exposed element of the laminated pane, with the exposed inner pane of the vacuum insulating glazing also forming the inner pane of the laminated pane. The inner pane and inner pane are therefore identical. The outer pane and the vacuum insulating glazing are connected to one another via an intermediate layer, with the aerogel layer embedded in the intermediate layer. The aerogel layer forms a layer of the intermediate layer. The aerogel layer is arranged between the outer pane and the vacuum insulating glazing. In a preferred embodiment of the variants described above, the laminated pane structurally consists only of the specified elements. The outer pane, the inner pane, the connecting layers and / or the panes of the vacuum insulating glazing can also be provided with standard coatings or imprints.

[0037] The outer pane and the inner pane can optionally be thermally or chemically toughened, partially toughened, or not toughened independently of each other. In variant (ii), it is advantageous if the inner pane is toughened, preferably thermally toughened. Since the inner pane is only locally or punctually connected to the adjacent layer (the outer pane of the vacuum insulating glazing) via spacers, the toughening can increase mechanical stability and reduce the risk of glass breakage and the generation of dangerous glass shards.

[0038] The said bonding layers serve to adhesively bond the components of the composite pane between which they are arranged. In all embodiments, the bonding layers are preferably formed as thermoplastic layers. The thermoplastic layers can alternatively also be referred to as thermoplastic layers.

[0039] The thermoplastic layers are preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), or polyurethane (PU), or on mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably based on PVB. This means that the layer predominantly contains the said polymer (a proportion greater than 50 wt.%). In addition to the polymer, the layer may contain further additives, for example, plasticizers, UV absorbers, or stabilizers. Each thermoplastic layer is preferably formed from at least one thermoplastic film. The thickness of each film is preferably between 0.2 mm and 1 mm. For example, PVB films with standard thicknesses of 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm can be used.

[0040] Since the aerogel layer has acoustically dampening properties, the use of so-called acoustic thermoplastic films can be dispensed with. Instead, single-layer films can be used, which is significantly more cost-effective. The connecting layers can alternatively be designed as adhesive layers, for example. So-called optically clear adhesives (OCA) are preferred, especially when the laminated pane is intended as a glazing element that allows visibility (for example, as a window pane). OCAs are known to those skilled in the art. They are characterized in particular by their high optical quality. They are particularly common where high optical quality is necessary, so that the adhesive layer is virtually invisible, for example in displays or touch panels.Optically clear adhesives are characterized by high light transmission and the fact that they allow for low-distortion viewing. The optically clear adhesive is preferably a 2-component polyurethane adhesive, a 1-component acrylate adhesive, a 1-component silicone adhesive, or a 1-component acrylate hybrid adhesive.

[0041] The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably glass panes, particularly preferably made of soda-lime glass, as is common for window panes. However, one or both of the panes can also be made of other types of glass, such as quartz glass, borosilicate glass, or aluminosilicate glass, or of rigid, clear plastics, such as polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. The thicknesses of the outer pane and the inner pane, independently of one another, are preferably between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, particularly preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm. Plastic laminates can also be used as the outer pane and / or inner pane.

[0042] In principle, it is also conceivable for the composite pane according to the invention to be used not as a glazing element, but, for example, as a facade panel of a building or part of a vehicle body. In this case, the outer pane and / or the inner pane can also be designed, for example, as a metal plate. In this application, the outer pane is also the pane facing the exterior of the building or vehicle.

[0043] According to the invention, the composite pane is equipped with vacuum insulating glazing. The vacuum insulating glazing comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are spaced apart from one another by spacers, such that a gap is formed between the outer pane and the inner pane. In variant (i), the outer pane and the inner pane have a thickness of, for example, 0.3 mm to 5 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 3 mm, particularly preferably 0.5 mm to 2 mm, very particularly preferably 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular 0.5 mm to 1 mm. The outer and inner panes are preferably thinner than the outer pane and the inner pane.

[0044] In variant (ii), the outer pane has a thickness of, for example, 0.3 mm to 5 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 3 mm, particularly preferably 0.5 mm to 2 mm, most preferably 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular 0.5 mm to 1 mm. The inner pane is identical to the inner pane of the composite pane, and the preferred thicknesses specified above for the inner pane apply.

[0045] The outer and inner panes are preferably made of glass. Soda-lime glass can also be used. Very thin outer and inner panes (e.g., with thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 1 mm) can also be made of aluminosilicate glass, which is preferably chemically toughened.

[0046] The gap between the outer and inner panes preferably has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm. This achieves good thermal insulation without requiring an excessive increase in the thickness of the composite pane. The thickness of the gap corresponds to the distance between the facing surfaces of the outer and inner panes.

[0047] According to the invention, the intermediate space is evacuated, resulting in a vacuum insulating glazing unit consisting of the outer pane and the spaced-apart inner pane. This means that a negative pressure prevails in the intermediate space, i.e., a pressure that is lower than the ambient pressure. The pressure in the intermediate space is preferably at most 100 mbar, particularly preferably at most 10 mbar. The pressure can, for example, be from 0.01 mbar to 100 mbar, preferably from 0.1 mbar to 10 mbar.

[0048] The vacuum insulating glazing has spacers that ensure that the outer and inner panes do not deform despite the negative pressure prevailing between them. The distance between the outer and inner panes is preferably kept constant by the spacers, so that the outer and inner panes are arranged parallel to one another. The spacers preferably comprise a plurality of spacer columns. The spacer columns are distributed (preferably evenly) over the surface of the outer and inner panes. The number of spacer columns and their spacing from one another depends on the thickness of the panes and the negative pressure prevailing in the space between them. The thinner the panes (and the lower the pressure in the space between them), the more likely they are to deform, which requires a larger number of spacer columns.

[0049] The spacer columns are preferably transparent so as not to significantly impair visibility through the laminated pane. They are preferably made of glass or plastic.

[0050] The spacing means particularly preferably also comprise a circumferential spacer in an edge region between the outer pane and the inner pane. The circumferential spacer runs circumferentially in an edge region between the outer and inner panes. The evacuated space is delimited by the outer pane, the inner pane, and the circumferential spacer. The spacer is made, for example, of glass, plastic, metal, or a metal alloy.

[0051] To maintain the vacuum (or more precisely, the negative pressure) in the gap, the vacuum insulating glazing preferably has a gas-tight edge seal. The surrounding spacer (if present) can itself act as an edge seal, or the vacuum insulating glazing can be equipped with an additional edge seal, for example, made of glass, a metal or metal alloy (e.g., stainless steel, silver, or copper), or a gas-tight plastic.

[0052] The thickness of the aerogel layer can be selected according to the requirements of the specific application. In particular, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel (which in turn depends on the material, density, and porosity), the heat absorption of the laminated pane (which in turn depends on the other components of the laminated pane, in particular the material, thickness, and degree of tinting of the outer pane, the inner pane, and the connecting layers), the desired heat input (i.e., the desired TTS value, the total incoming solar energy), and the thermal insulation effect of the vacuum insulating glazing play a role. The aerogel layer preferably has a thickness in the range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, more preferably from 0.2 mm to 8 mm, and in particular from 0.5 mm to 6 mm. This achieves good results in typical applications. The aerogel layer most preferably has a thickness of 1 mm to 4 mm.In typical applications, good thermal insulation is achieved even with such a thin aerogel layer, because the vacuum insulating glazing further improves thermal insulation. This allows for the realization of laminated panes with advantageously thin aerogel layers.

[0053] Contrary to what the name initially suggests, aerogels are not gels, but highly porous solids. The name derives from the fact that aerogels are typically made from gels, whereby the liquid component of the gel is replaced by a gas without collapsing the gel structure, for example through supercritical drying or freeze-drying. Structurally, aerogels consist of a branching of particle chains (dendritic structure) with very many interstices (pores), particularly in the form of open pores. The particle chains have contact points with one another, so that the aerogel can be thought of as a stable, sponge-like network. The particle chains themselves often result from the fusion of, for example, spherical particles. A very high volume fraction of aerogels consists of pores, particularly open pores. Therefore, aerogels have a very low density.The aerogel layer according to the invention is therefore lightweight, so that the weight of the laminated pane is not significantly increased even by comparatively thick aerogel layers. Aerogels can also exhibit high optical transparency, which can be particularly advantageous for glazing applications. Aerogels can be produced, for example, using sol-gel processes.

[0054] Intercalations may be present in the pores, for example, to influence the mechanical, thermal, or optical properties of the aerogel layer. The pores are typically filled with air, except for any intercalations. The aerogel layer according to the invention can also be referred to as an aerogel layer or as a layer made of an aerogel or based on an aerogel.

[0055] For the purposes of the invention, porosity refers to the proportion of the pore volume to the total volume of the aerogel. The aerogel layer according to the invention is preferably formed from or based on an aerogel having a porosity of 50% to 99.98%, particularly preferably 80% to 99%, and most preferably 85% to 98%. The porosity can be determined by gas sorption measurement, in particular using carbon dioxide (CO2) as the measurement gas at a temperature of 273 K.

[0056] The pore size of the aerogel is preferably between 1 nm and 50 nm, particularly preferably between 10 nm and 40 nm. This refers in particular to the diameter of the typically approximately spherical pores. The pore size can also be determined using the aforementioned gas sorption measurement.

[0057] The density of the aerogel is preferably 0.16 mg / cm 3 up to 500 mg / cm 3 , particularly preferably 10 mg / cm 3up to 300 mg / cm 3 This refers to the bulk density based on the volume including the pore spaces, whereby the air in the pores is not included in the mass.

[0058] The particles that make up the network of particle chains typically have a size of 1 nm to 10 nm.

[0059] Aerogels can be formed from various materials (material of the particle chains). The aerogel of the aerogel layer according to the invention is preferably made of silicate, a polymer, carbon, cellulose, or a metal oxide. In principle, all polymers and metal oxides are suitable. Examples are polyimide for a polymer, and aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide (all transparent and white or bluish), iron oxide (opaque, red, or yellow), chromium oxide (opaque, green, or blue), and vanadium oxide (opaque, olive green) for metal oxides. Strictly speaking, silicate aerosols do not have the chemical composition of a silicate, but rather SiO(OH). y (OR) z, where R is an organic residue and the parameters y and z depend on the manufacturing process. Nevertheless, they are generally referred to as such, and the term silicate is used accordingly in the context of the present invention. In English, the term "silica aerogel" is also commonly used (i.e., SiO2 aerogel). For the aerogel layer according to the invention, silicate aerogels, polymer aerogels, and cellulose aerogels are particularly preferred, especially silicate aerogels and polymer aerogels. These aerogels are well researched and are already commercially available in large numbers.

[0060] The aerogel layer according to the invention can be structurally designed in different ways and integrated into the composite pane, in particular - as a so-called blanket ("blanket") or mat; this is understood to mean a composite material made of an aerogel (in particular silicate aerogel) and a material which influences the mechanical properties; the said material is in particular a fiber material (for example glass fibers); blankets are flexible and can be provided, for example, on rolls; such a mat can be made, for example, from an aerogel felt (in particular silicate aerogel felt);

[0061] - as a film; films are flexible and can also be provided, for example, on rolls; they can, for example, be formed from or based on a polymer aerogel, which can optionally have inclusions; an aerogel film can comprise a carrier film (for example made of PET or polyimide) on which an aerogel layer is arranged;

[0062] - as a rigid layer (“plate”);

[0063] - in the form of granules (with particle sizes in the millimeter range, for example) or powder (with particle sizes in the micrometer range, for example).

[0064] The aerogel layer is preferably transparent or translucent, especially if the laminated pane is intended for viewing. However, applications with an opaque aerogel layer are also conceivable if visibility through the pane is not desired. For example, a vehicle roof pane can also be completely opaque.

[0065] An opaque aerogel layer is understood to be a layer through which no visibility is possible. An opaque aerogel layer preferably has a light transmittance of less than 5%, more preferably less than 2%, in particular 0%. A transparent aerogel layer is understood to be a layer through which visibility is possible, so that the viewer can see objects located behind it. However, the aerogel layer can certainly be tinted to reduce light transmittance. A transparent aerogel layer preferably has a light transmittance of more than 5%, more preferably more than 10%, most preferably more than 50%, in particular more than 70%. A translucent aerogel layer is understood to be a layer through which light passes but is strongly scattered, so that the viewer cannot see objects located behind it clearly (at most vaguely).The composite pane preferably has (at least) one transparent or translucent region, which is referred to as the see-through region within the meaning of the invention. The composite pane frequently also has an opaque masking region. This is particularly common in vehicle windows, with the masking region being arranged in a peripheral edge region of the composite pane and surrounding the see-through region in a frame-like manner. The masking region is typically formed by an opaque cover print on the outer pane and / or the inner pane, preferably on the interior-side surface of the outer pane. An enamel printing paste containing glass frits and a pigment, in particular black pigment, is printed onto the surface, for example by screen printing, and then fired.Alternatively, a masking area can also be formed by a thermoplastic layer being made opaque in some areas or by an opaque film or plate being embedded in one area of ​​the composite pane.

[0066] The aerogel layer according to the invention preferably completely covers at least the see-through area of ​​the composite pane. It can cover the entire composite pane and extend to its side edges. However, if the composite pane has a masking area, an aerogel layer need not be provided there. For example, it is possible for the aerogel layer to be arranged in a section of a thermoplastic layer that surrounds it in a frame-like manner, with the frame-like thermoplastic layer preferably being arranged in a peripheral masking area.

[0067] The vacuum insulating glazing according to the invention also preferably completely covers at least the view-through area of ​​the laminated pane. It can cover the entire laminated pane and extend to its side edges. Alternatively, it is also possible here for the vacuum insulating glazing to be arranged in a section of a thermoplastic layer, which surrounds it in a frame-like manner. The frame-like thermoplastic layer is in turn preferably arranged in a peripheral masking area.

[0068] The interior-facing surface of the inner pane facing away from the intermediate layer is preferably provided with an emissivity-reducing coating. Emissivity-reducing coatings are also known as heat-reflecting coatings, low-emissivity coatings, or LowE coatings (low emissivity). Emissivity is the measure that indicates how much heat radiation the pane emits into an interior space in the installed position compared to an ideal heat radiator (a blackbody). Emissivity-reducing coatings prevent heat from radiating into the interior (IR components of solar radiation and in particular the thermal radiation of the pane itself) and also prevent heat from radiating out of the interior. They exhibit reflective properties against infrared radiation, in particular against thermal radiation in the spectral range of 5 pm - 50 pm (cf.This effectively improves thermal comfort in the interior. At high outside temperatures and in direct sunlight, the emissivity-reducing coatings can at least partially reflect the heat radiation emitted by the entire pane toward the interior. At low outside temperatures, they can reflect the heat radiation emitted from the interior, thus reducing the effect of the cold pane as a heat sink. The emissivity-reducing coating further increases thermal comfort in the interior.

[0069] The emissivity-reducing coating is typically a transparent stack of thin films. The emissivity-reducing coating preferably has at least one, particularly preferably precisely one, electrically conductive layer, which provides the IR-reflecting properties. The conductive layer is preferably based on a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), in particular indium tin oxide (ITO), alternatively indium zinc mixed oxide (IZO), gallium-doped tin oxide (GZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO2:F), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO2:Sb), or niobium-doped titanium oxide (TiO2:Nb). Unlike metals, TCOs are not susceptible to corrosion, so they can be used on the exposed interior-side surface of the inner pane.In addition to the conductive layer, the coating typically comprises dielectric layers (e.g. based on silicon oxide or nitride), which serve in particular to optimize the optical properties (e.g. light transmission) or serve as barrier layers to regulate oxygen diffusion during the deposition of the coating.

[0070] The laminated pane can, in principle, also comprise multiple aerogel layers and / or multiple vacuum insulating glazing units. However, in view of a simple structure and a low overall thickness, it is preferred for the laminated pane to comprise only one aerogel layer and only one vacuum insulating glazing unit. The laminated pane can be clear or have a tint or coloration. Tints and colors can be achieved by tinting or coloring the outer pane, the inner pane, the bonding layers (especially the thermoplastic layers), the inner pane, the outer pane, and / or the aerogel layer.

[0071] The laminated pane can be flat or cylindrically or spherically curved. Spherically curved laminated panes are particularly common for vehicle windows, while flat laminated panes are used for building glazing.

[0072] The composite pane preferably does not include any large-area electrical units. This is advantageous in terms of a simple structure and a low overall thickness. The composite pane particularly preferably does not include any photovoltaic components (such as solar cells). The composite pane preferably has a transparent see-through area. The composite pane is preferably a vehicle roof pane.

[0073] The composite pane can be manufactured by stacking the individual layers in the intended sequence to form a layer stack and then laminating them together. Known processes can be used for this, such as autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calender processes, vacuum laminators, or combinations thereof. The bonding of the outer and inner panes is typically achieved using heat, vacuum, and / or pressure.

[0074] The invention further encompasses the use of a composite pane according to the invention in buildings or in means of transport for land, air, or water traffic, in particular vehicle panes or building glazing. The composite pane is particularly preferably used as a vehicle roof pane, in particular as a roof pane of a passenger car or truck. The invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing and exemplary embodiments. The drawing is a schematic representation and not to scale. The drawing does not limit the invention in any way. It shows:

[0075] Fig. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention,

[0076] Fig. 2 shows a cross-section along XX' through the composite pane of Figure 1,

[0077] Fig. 3 shows a cross section along XX' through a further embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention,

[0078] Fig. 4 shows a cross section along XX' through a further embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention.

[0079] Figures 1 and 2 each show a detail of a first embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention. The composite pane is a vehicle roof pane. It has an opaque masking area M arranged circumferentially in the edge region and surrounding a central transparent see-through area D in a frame-like manner.

[0080] The composite pane has a multi-layer structure which includes the following structural components in the given order:

[0081] - an outer pane 1 ,

[0082] - a first thermoplastic layer 3a,

[0083] - vacuum insulating glazing 5,

[0084] - a second thermoplastic layer 3b,

[0085] - an aerogel layer 6,

[0086] - a third thermoplastic layer 3c and

[0087] - an inner pane 2.

[0088] In the installed position, the outer pane 1 faces the exterior of the vehicle. It is made of soda-lime glass and has a thickness of, for example, 2.1 mm. An opaque masking print 8 is applied to the interior-facing surface of the outer pane 1 in a frame-like edge area, forming the opaque masking area M.

[0089] The thermoplastic layers 3a, 3b, 3c are each formed as 0.76 mm thick PVB films. The vacuum insulating glazing 5 is formed from an outer pane 5a and an inner pane 5b, which are connected to one another and kept at a distance by a circumferential spacer 5d in the edge region and by spacer columns 5e evenly distributed over the surface. This creates an evacuated gap 5c between the outer pane 5a and the inner pane 5b. The outer pane 5a and the inner pane 5b are each made of chemically toughened aluminosilicate glass and each have a thickness of 0.7 mm. The gap 5c has a thickness of 0.3 mm. The spacer columns 5e are made of glass or a transparent plastic. The circumferential spacer 5d is made of a plastic.In addition, the circumferential spacer 5d is equipped with an edge seal (not shown) which seals the intermediate space 5c in a gas-tight manner.

[0090] The aerogel layer 6, for example, has a thickness of 2 mm. It is formed, for example, as a flexible film made of a transparent or translucent polymer aerogel.

[0091] The inner pane 2 faces the vehicle interior when installed. It is made of soda-lime glass and has a thickness of, for example, 1.6 mm.

[0092] The vacuum insulating glazing 5 and the aerogel layer 6 each exhibit thermally insulating properties. The combination of the two advantageously reduces the energy input through the laminated pane into the vehicle interior, which is primarily due to IR components of solar radiation and thermal radiation from the heated pane. The vacuum insulating glazing 5 and the aerogel layer 6 are each lightweight, so the overall weight of the laminated pane also remains low. The aerogel layer 6, in particular, also exhibits acoustically insulating properties, thus shielding disturbing exterior noise.

[0093] An emissivity-reducing coating 9 is arranged on the interior-side surface of the inner pane 2. Such coatings are also known as low-E coatings. The emissivity-reducing coating 9 has reflective properties in the mid-IR range. The emissivity-reducing coating 9 further reduces the energy input through the composite pane. In the illustrated embodiment, the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and the aerogel layer 6 extend to the side edges of the composite pane. Alternatively, it is also possible for the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and / or the aerogel layer 6 to be each surrounded in a frame-like manner by an additional thermoplastic layer. This can be formed, for example, by a PVB film having a cutout into which the relevant component is inserted, which is thereby completely embedded in the composite pane and has no contact with the surrounding atmosphere.

[0094] The aerogel layer 6 may also have an edge seal, for example in the form of a polymer adhesive tape.

[0095] Figure 3 shows a cross-section through another embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention. The composite pane is constructed from the same elements as in the embodiment shown in Figure 2. The only difference is that the order of the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and the aerogel layer 6 is reversed.

[0096] The composite pane comprises in the following order:

[0097] - the outer pane 1 with the cover print 8,

[0098] - the first thermoplastic layer 3a,

[0099] - the aerogel layer 6,

[0100] - the second thermoplastic layer 3b,

[0101] - the vacuum insulating glazing 5,

[0102] - the third thermoplastic layer 3c and

[0103] - the inner pane 2 with the emissivity-reducing coating 9.

[0104] Figure 4 shows a cross-section through another embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention. It differs from the above embodiments of Figures 2 and 3 in that the vacuum insulating glazing 5 is not arranged between the outer pane 1 and a separate inner pane 2. Instead, the inner pane 2 is part of the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and also forms its inner pane 5b.

[0105] The composite pane comprises in the following order:

[0106] - an outer pane 1 ,

[0107] - a first thermoplastic layer 3a,

[0108] - an aerogel layer 5, - a second thermoplastic layer 3b and

[0109] - vacuum insulating glazing 5.

[0110] The outer pane 1 with the cover print 8, the first thermoplastic layer 3a, the aerogel layer 6 and the second thermoplastic layer 3b are designed in the same way as in the embodiment of Figure 2.

[0111] The outer pane 5a of the vacuum insulating glazing 5 is again a chemically toughened pane made of aluminosilicate glass with a thickness of 0.7 mm. It is connected to the inner pane 2, which is also the inner pane 5b of the vacuum insulating glazing 5, via a circumferential spacer 5d and spacer columns 5e. The inner pane is made of thermally toughened soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 1.6 mm. The intermediate space 5c has a thickness of 0.3 mm and is evacuated. The interior-facing surface of the inner pane 2 is again provided with an emissivity-reducing coating 9.

[0112] List of reference symbols:

[0113] (1) Outer pane of the laminated pane

[0114] (2) Inner pane of the laminated pane

[0115] (3a) first thermoplastic layer

[0116] (3b) second thermoplastic layer

[0117] (3c) third thermoplastic layer

[0118] (5) Vacuum insulating glazing

[0119] (5a) outer pane of the vacuum insulating glazing

[0120] (5b) inner pane of the vacuum insulating glazing

[0121] (5c) evacuated space of the vacuum insulating glazing 5

[0122] (5d) circumferential spacer of the vacuum insulating glazing 5

[0123] (5e) Spacer columns of the vacuum insulating glazing 5

[0124] (6) Aerogel layer

[0125] (8) Cover printing

[0126] (9) emissivity-reducing coating (LowE coating)

[0127] (D) Viewing area of ​​the outer pane 1

[0128] (M) Masking area of ​​the outer pane 1

[0129] X - X' intersection line

Claims

Patent claims 1. A composite pane comprising an outer pane (1) and an inner pane (2) which are joined to one another in a planar manner, wherein an aerogel layer (6) is embedded in the composite pane between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), and wherein the composite pane has a vacuum insulating glazing (5) which comprises an outer pane (5a) facing the outer pane (1) and an inner pane (5b) spaced apart from the outer pane (5a) by spacers (5d, 5e), wherein the intermediate space (5c) between the outer pane (5a) and the inner pane (5b) is evacuated, and wherein (i) the vacuum insulating glazing (5) is embedded in the laminated pane between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2) or (ii) the inner pane (2) of the laminated glazing forms the inner pane (5b) of the vacuum insulating glazing (5).

2. Composite pane according to claim 1, which is designed according to variant (i), wherein the aerogel layer (6) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the vacuum insulating glazing (5) or between the vacuum insulating glazing (5) and the inner pane (2), or which is designed according to variant (ii), wherein the aerogel layer (6) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the vacuum insulating glazing (5).

3. Composite pane according to claim 1 or 2 according to variant (i), which comprises in the specified order: - the outer pane (1), - a first connecting layer, preferably a thermoplastic layer (3a), - vacuum insulating glazing (5), - a second connecting layer, preferably a thermoplastic layer (3b), - the aerogel layer (6), - a third connecting layer, preferably thermoplastic layer (3c) and - the inner pane (2).

4. Composite pane according to claim 1 or 2 according to variant (i), which comprises in the specified order: - the outer pane (1), - a first connecting layer, preferably a thermoplastic layer (3a), - the aerogel layer (6), - a second connecting layer, preferably a thermoplastic layer (3b), - vacuum insulating glazing (5), - a third connecting layer, preferably thermoplastic layer (3c) and - the inner pane (2).

5. Composite pane according to claim 1 or 2 according to variant (ii), which comprises in the order given: - the outer pane (1), - a first connecting layer, preferably a thermoplastic layer (3a), - the aerogel layer (6), - a second connecting layer, preferably a thermoplastic layer (3b), - the vacuum insulating glazing (5).

6. Composite pane according to claim 1 or 5 according to variant (ii), wherein the inner pane (2) is prestressed, preferably thermally prestressed.

7. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the aerogel layer (6) has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably of 0.5 mm to 6 mm, most preferably of 1 mm to 4 mm.

8. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the aerogel layer (6) is formed on the basis of an aerogel which has a porosity of 50% to 99.98%, preferably of 80% to 99%, determined by gas sorption measurement.

9. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the outer pane (5a) and the inner pane (5b) are made of glass.

10. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 9 - according to variant (i), wherein the outer disc (5a) and the inner disc (5b) have a thickness of 0.3 mm to 3 mm, preferably of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm or - according to variant (ii), wherein the outer disc (5a) has a thickness of 0.3 mm to 3 mm, preferably of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.

11. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the intermediate space (5c) between the outer pane (5a) and the inner pane (5b) has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.

12. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the spacing means (5d, 5e) - a circumferential spacer (5d) in an edge region between the outer disc (5a) and the inner disc (5b) and - comprise a plurality of spacer columns (5e).

13. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the surface of the inner pane (2) facing away from the intermediate layer (3) is provided with an emissivity-reducing coating (6).

14. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2) are made of soda-lime glass and preferably have a thickness of 1 mm to 3 mm.

15. Use of a composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 14 as a vehicle pane or building glazing, preferably as a vehicle roof pane.

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