Degradable hyperbranched elastomer antifouling material, and preparation method therefor and use thereof

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a degradable hyperbranched elastomer antifouling material, and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. The degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A is 20-100 parts of a silane-terminated hyperbranched polyester, and the component B is 1-60 parts of a silane-terminated antifouling additive; and the hyperbranched polyester is prepared from a lactone monomer, a branching monomer, an initiator, a catalyst and a solvent. The coating of the present invention can form a self-renewal surface and has good fouling resistance; moreover, due to high elasticity, the coating has good fouling desorption performance. The degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material can meet the requirements for static fouling prevention and the fouling prevention requirements of facilities such as offshore oil production platforms, and has good drag reduction performance.

Description

A degradable hyperbranched elastomer antifouling material and its preparation method and application Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of marine antifouling materials, and in particular relates to a degradable hyperbranched elastomer antifouling material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Developing marine resources and developing the marine economy have become strategic priorities for many countries. However, marine biofouling poses a serious challenge to the marine industry and maritime activities. Biofouling refers to the growth of marine plants, animals, and microorganisms on surfaces submerged in seawater. This biofouling can increase ship resistance, fuel consumption, accelerate metal corrosion, and clog seawater cooling pipes. Currently, self-polishing marine antifouling coatings are the most commonly used antifouling method, but these coatings release large amounts of metallic antifouling agents, impacting marine ecosystems. Therefore, environmentally friendly antifouling materials are a key development direction in the marine antifouling field, including biomimetic antifouling surfaces, amphiphilic polymers, silicone-based fouling-removing coatings, and biodegradable polymers. Biodegradable polymers can form a dynamic, continuously renewing surface and can also serve as a carrier for natural antifouling agents. This dynamic surface and controlled release of antifouling agents contribute to the coating's long-term antifouling performance, offering broad application prospects. However, when environmental fouling pressure is excessive, surface renewal is insufficient, preventing the removal of attached fouling organisms. Surfaces that are easily biofouled should possess high elasticity (low modulus), low surface energy, and low roughness. Elastic surfaces, in particular, reduce the adhesion of fouling organisms due to their unstable, physically dynamic surface. Silicone elastomers possess these properties, making them excellent fouling-removal coatings (FRCs). However, these characteristics also result in poor adhesion to substrates. Furthermore, once attached, slime layers composed of bacteria and diatoms are difficult to remove from silicone surfaces.

[0003] Therefore, the preparation of highly elastic biodegradable polymers can inhibit the landing and adhesion of marine organisms while weakening the adhesion strength of attached organisms to the surface, which is an effective strategy for achieving long-term antifouling. The preparation of biodegradable polymers into highly elastic fouling-removing materials is expected to produce an eco-friendly, statically strong, and long-lasting antifouling material.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a degradable hyperbranched elastomeric antifouling material that can meet the requirements of eco-friendly antifouling, static antifouling, and long-lasting antifouling.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling coating comprises 20 to 100 parts by weight of component A and 1 to 60 parts by weight of component B.

[0010] Component A is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

[0011] Component B is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

[0012] In parts by weight, the component A is preferably prepared from the following components:

[0013] In parts by weight, the B component is preferably prepared from the following components:

[0014] The hyperbranched polyester is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

[0015] The hyperbranched polyester is preferably prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

[0016] The number average molecular weight of the hyperbranched polyester is preferably 1,000 to 10,000 g / mol, more preferably 3,000 to 6,000 g / mol.

[0017] The lactone monomer is preferably one or more of ε-caprolactone, δ-dodecalactone, γ-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, β-butyrolactone, δ-caprolactone, α-angelica lactone, δ-tetradecalactone, α-bromo-γ-butyrolactone, and β-propiolactone.

[0018] The branching monomer is preferably one or more of glycidol, 2-hydroxymethyloxetane, 3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane-3-ol, 3-ethyl-3-oxetanemethanol, and 3-methyl-3-oxetanemethanol.

[0019] In the hyperbranched polyester component, the initiator is preferably one or more of 2-nitro-p-phenylenediol, 2-hydroxyphenylethanol, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 1,3-benzenedimethanol, 1,2-benzenedimethanol, and 1,4-benzenedimethanol.

[0020] In the hyperbranched polyester component, the third catalyst is preferably one or more of dibutyltin dilaurate, di-n-octyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, stannous octoate, monobutyltin oxide, and dibutyltin maleate.

[0021] In the hyperbranched polyester component, the second solvent is preferably one or more of toluene, xylene, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphinate, isopropyl alcohol, methyl isobutyl ketone, acetone, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.

[0022] In the component A and the component B, the first silane coupling agent and the second silane coupling agent are preferably one or more of isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatepropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatepropylmethyldiethoxysilane, mercaptomethyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptomethyltriethoxysilane, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.

[0023] The antifouling additive is a polymer with antifouling activity; the antifouling additive is preferably: one or more of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol monooctyl ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), methacrylate carboxylic acid betaine (CBMA) and methacrylate sulfonic acid betaine (SBMA), and the molecular weight of the antifouling additive is 1000 to 10000.

[0024] In the components A and B, the first solvent is preferably one or more of a hydrocarbon solvent, an alcohol solvent, a ketone solvent and an ester solvent; more preferably one or more of tetrahydrofuran, toluene, xylene, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, propylene glycol methyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.

[0025] The method for preparing the above-mentioned degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling coating comprises the following steps:

[0026] (1) using a second solvent as a reaction medium, reacting a lactone monomer, a branching monomer, and a catalyst at 60 to 150° C. for 12 to 48 hours in the presence of an initiator to obtain a hyperbranched polyester;

[0027] (2) mixing the hyperbranched polyester, the first silane coupling agent, the first catalyst, and the first solvent at 50 to 100° C. for 2 to 6 hours to obtain a component A end-capped hyperbranched polyester;

[0028] (3) mixing the antifouling additive, the second silane coupling agent, the second catalyst, and the first solvent at 50 to 100° C. for 2 to 6 hours to obtain a component B end-capped antifouling additive;

[0029] (4) mixing 1 to 60 parts by weight of the end-blocked antifouling additive of component B, 20 to 100 parts by weight of the end-blocked hyperbranched polyester of component A, and 1 to 50 parts by weight of a solvent at room temperature for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain a degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling coating;

[0030] The reaction temperature in step (1) is preferably 110-150° C., and the reaction time is preferably 12-18 hours.

[0031] The reaction in step (1) is preferably carried out in an inert gas or nitrogen atmosphere.

[0032] The reaction temperature in step (2) is preferably 60-80° C., and the reaction time is preferably 2-4 hours.

[0033] The reaction temperature in step (3) is preferably 60-80° C., and the reaction time is preferably 2-4 hours.

[0034] The mixing reaction in step (4) is preferably carried out by dissolving 30 to 70 parts by weight of a blocked hyperbranched polyester as component A and 10 to 50 parts by weight of a blocked antifouling additive as component B in 20 parts by weight of a solvent. Components A and B are mixed and reacted at room temperature for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain a degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling coating.

[0035] Application of the above-mentioned degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling coating in marine antifouling.

[0036] The application is: coating the degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling coating on a base material and curing it at room temperature for 1 to 3 days.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) The present invention introduces antifouling additives based on degradable materials, wherein the hyperbranched structure gives the coating excellent elasticity, which is conducive to the removal of fouling organisms, the antifouling functional groups can provide long-lasting fouling resistance, and the degradable material can form a dynamic surface to resist the adhesion of fouling organisms, especially under static conditions, it still has excellent antifouling ability.

[0039] (2) The present invention uses a non-metallic antifouling additive to form an antifouling layer through the hydration of polyether on the coating surface, rather than the biocidal effect of antifouling agents such as cuprous oxide. Moreover, the additive is non-toxic and friendly to the marine ecosystem.

[0040] (3) The presence of the antifouling additive in the present invention further improves the surface elasticity of the coating, and the cross-linked network formed by the silane coupling agent used gives the material excellent bulk elasticity, which is not conducive to the adhesion of fouling organisms, so the coating has excellent fouling desorption ability.

[0041] (4) The preparation method provided by the present invention is simple and feasible, has low cost, and is suitable for industrial production. The prepared degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material has good development prospects in the field of marine antifouling coatings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0043] The antifouling additives described in the examples of this application were purchased from Jiangsu Haian Petrochemical.

[0044] In this application, adhesion to the substrate was measured using a pull-off method, according to GB / T 5210. The test area was a 20mm diameter circular area, and the pull-off rate was set to 0.2 MPa / s. Five different areas were tested for each sample, and the average value was taken as the test result.

[0045] The elastic modulus in the embodiments of the present application is tested with reference to GB1040-92 "Test method for tensile properties of plastics";

[0046] Molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography using narrow distribution polystyrene as standard;

[0047] The antibacterial adhesion test of degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling coating refers to GB / T 21886-2008.

[0048] The dynamic hanging plate test refers to GB / T 7789-2007 "Dynamic test method for antifouling performance of ship antifouling paint";

[0049] Shallow sea panel test refers to GB / T5370-2007 "Shallow sea immersion test method for antifouling paint sample panels".

[0050] The molecular weights described in the examples of this application refer to number-average molecular weights.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] 1. In a reaction vessel, add 90 parts by weight of ε-caprolactone, 0.5 parts by weight of glycidol, 8 parts by weight of dimethylformamide solvent, 1 part by weight of 1,4-benzenedimethanol, and 0.5 parts by weight of stannous octoate, and react at 130°C for 16 hours to obtain a hyperbranched polyester with a molecular weight of 4000 g / mol.

[0053] 2. In a reaction vessel, add 50 parts by weight of the hyperbranched polyester prepared in step 1, 20 parts by weight of isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, 28 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran, and 2 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, and react at 80° C. for 3 hours to obtain a capped hyperbranched polyester.

[0054] 3. In a reaction vessel, add 50 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 4000), 20 parts by weight of isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, 28 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran, and 2 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, and react at 80°C for 3 hours to obtain a blocked antifouling additive.

[0055] 4. In a reaction vessel, 60 parts by weight of a blocked hyperbranched polyester, 20 parts by weight of an antifouling additive, and 20 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then coated onto an epoxy board. The coating was cured at room temperature for 2 days to obtain a coating. The resulting coating had a bulk elastic modulus of 5.3 MPa and an adhesion of 1.5 MPa. In a shallow-water panel test, the coating showed no marine biofouling for 10 months.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] 1. In a reaction vessel, add 90 parts by weight of ε-caprolactone, 0.5 parts by weight of glycidol, 8 parts by weight of dimethylformamide solvent, 1 part by weight of 1,4-benzenedimethanol, and 0.5 parts by weight of stannous octoate, and react at 130°C for 16 hours to obtain a hyperbranched polyester with a molecular weight of 4000 g / mol.

[0058] 2. In a reaction vessel, add 50 parts by weight of the hyperbranched polyester prepared in step 1, 20 parts by weight of isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, 28 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran, and 2 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, and react at 80° C. for 3 hours to obtain a capped hyperbranched polyester.

[0059] 3. In a reaction vessel, 60 parts by weight of a capped hyperbranched polyester, 20 parts by weight of cuprous oxide (CuO), a metal antifouling additive, and 20 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then coated onto an epoxy board. The coating was cured at room temperature for 2 days to obtain a coating. The resulting coating had a bulk elastic modulus of 7.9 MPa and an adhesion of 3.3 MPa. In a shallow-water panel test, the coating showed no marine biofouling within 5 months.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] 1. In a reaction vessel, add 80 parts by weight of β-propiolactone, 1 part by weight of 2-hydroxymethyloxetane, 16 parts by weight of xylene solvent, 2 parts by weight of 2-nitroterephthalic acid methanol, and 1 part by weight of di-n-octyltin dilaurate, and react at 140°C for 12 hours to obtain a hyperbranched polyester with a molecular weight of 5000 g / mol.

[0062] 2. In a reaction vessel, add 40 parts by weight of the hyperbranched polyester prepared in step 1, 15 parts by weight of isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane, 38 parts by weight of acetone, and 2 parts by weight of monobutyltin oxide, and react at 70°C for 4 hours to obtain a capped hyperbranched polyester.

[0063] 3. In a reaction container, add 40 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol, 15 parts by weight of isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane, 38 parts by weight of acetone, and 2 parts by weight of monobutyltin oxide, and react at 70°C for 4 hours to obtain a blocked antifouling additive.

[0064] 4. In a reaction vessel, 50 parts by weight of a blocked hyperbranched polyester, 30 parts by weight of an antifouling additive, and 20 parts by weight of acetone were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then coated onto an epoxy board. The coating was cured at room temperature for two days. The resulting coating had a bulk elastic modulus of 10.3 MPa and an adhesion of 1.8 MPa. In a shallow-water panel test, the coating showed no marine biofouling within six months.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] 1. In a reaction vessel, 70 parts by weight of δ-dodecalactone, 4 parts by weight of 3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane-3-ol, 20 parts by weight of butyl acetate solvent, 3 parts by weight of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, and 3 parts by weight of dibutyltin maleate were added and reacted at 120° C. for 20 hours to obtain a hyperbranched polyester with a molecular weight of 6000 g / mol.

[0067] 2. In a reaction vessel, add 30 parts by weight of the hyperbranched polyester prepared in step 1, 20 parts by weight of isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane, 10 parts by weight of isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, 38 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, and 2 parts by weight of stannous octoate, and react at 60°C for 4 hours to obtain a blocked hyperbranched polyester.

[0068] 3. In a reaction vessel, add 30 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 20 parts by weight of isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane, 10 parts by weight of isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, 38 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, and 2 parts by weight of stannous octoate, and react at 60°C for 4 hours to obtain a blocked antifouling additive.

[0069] 4. In a reaction vessel, 70 parts by weight of a blocked hyperbranched polyester, 10 parts by weight of an antifouling additive, and 20 parts by weight of ethyl acetate were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then coated onto an epoxy board. The coating was cured at room temperature for 2 days to obtain a coating. The resulting coating had a bulk elastic modulus of 8.4 MPa and an adhesion of 1.6 MPa. In a shallow-water panel test, the coating showed no marine biofouling for 10 months.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] 1. In a reaction vessel, add 60 parts by weight of γ-valerolactone, 10 parts by weight of 3-ethyl-3-oxetanol, 23 parts by weight of methyl isobutyl ketone, 5 parts by weight of 2-hydroxyphenylethanol, and 2 parts by weight of monobutyltin oxide, and react at 110°C for 18 hours to obtain a hyperbranched polyester with a molecular weight of 8000 g / mol.

[0072] 2. In a reaction vessel, add 20 parts by weight of the hyperbranched polyester prepared in step 1, 40 parts by weight of 3-isocyanatepropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 18 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, 20 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran, and 2 parts by weight of dibutyltin diacetate, and react at 70° C. for 2 hours to obtain a blocked hyperbranched polyester.

[0073] 3. In a reaction vessel, add 20 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol monooctyl ether, 40 parts by weight of 3-isocyanatepropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 18 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, 20 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran, and 2 parts by weight of dibutyltin diacetate, and react at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain a blocked antifouling additive.

[0074] 4. In a reaction vessel, 40 parts by weight of a blocked hyperbranched polyester, 40 parts by weight of an antifouling additive, and 20 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then coated onto an epoxy board. The coating was cured at room temperature for 2 days to obtain a coating. The resulting coating had a bulk elastic modulus of 4.2 MPa and an adhesion of 1.0 MPa. In a shallow-water panel test, the coating showed no marine biofouling within 6 months.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] 1. In a reaction vessel, add 50 parts by weight of α-angelica lactone, 15 parts by weight of 3-methyl-3-oxetane methanol, 10 parts by weight of ethyl acetate solvent, 20 parts by weight of xylene solvent, 2 parts by weight of 1,3-benzenedimethanol, 1 part by weight of stannous octoate, and 2 parts by weight of dibutyltin diacetate, and react at 130°C for 14 hours to obtain a hyperbranched polyester with a molecular weight of 3000 g / mol.

[0077] 2. In a reaction vessel, add 50 parts by weight of the hyperbranched polyester prepared in step 1, 15 parts by weight of 3-isocyanatepropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 33 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran, and 2 parts by weight of monobutyltin oxide, and react at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain a blocked hyperbranched polyester.

[0078] 3. In a reaction vessel, add 50 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts by weight of 3-isocyanatepropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 33 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran, and 2 parts by weight of monobutyltin oxide, and react at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain a blocked antifouling additive.

[0079] 4. In a reaction vessel, 30 parts by weight of a blocked hyperbranched polyester, 50 parts by weight of an antifouling additive, and 20 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then coated onto an epoxy board. The coating was cured at room temperature for two days to obtain a coating. The resulting coating had a bulk elastic modulus of 15.8 MPa and an adhesion of 1.1 MPa. In a shallow-water panel test, the coating showed no marine biofouling within four months.

[0080] Example 6

[0081] 1. In a reaction vessel, add 40 parts by weight of α-bromo-γ-butyrolactone, 25 parts by weight of 2-hydroxymethyloxetane, 15 parts by weight of acetone solvent, 15 parts by weight of dimethylformamide, 3 parts by weight of 1,2-benzenedimethanol, 1 part by weight of dibutyltin diacetate, and 1 part by weight of di-n-octyltin dilaurate, and react at 150° C. for 13 hours to obtain a hyperbranched polyester with a molecular weight of 2000 g / mol.

[0082] 2. In a reaction vessel, add 70 parts by weight of the hyperbranched polyester prepared in step 1, 20 parts by weight of 3-isocyanatepropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 8 parts by weight of acetone, and 2 parts by weight of dioctyltin dilaurate, and react at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain a blocked hyperbranched polyester.

[0083] 3. In a reaction vessel, add 70 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 2000), 20 parts by weight of 3-isocyanatepropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 8 parts by weight of acetone, and 2 parts by weight of n-octyltin dilaurate, and react at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain a blocked antifouling additive.

[0084] 4. In a reaction vessel, 20 parts by weight of a blocked hyperbranched polyester, 60 parts by weight of an antifouling additive, and 20 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then coated onto an epoxy board. The coating was cured at room temperature for 2 days to obtain a coating. The resulting coating had a bulk elastic modulus of 6.8 MPa and an adhesion of 1.0 MPa. In a shallow-water panel test, the coating showed no marine biofouling within three months.

[0085] Example 7

[0086] 1. In a reaction vessel, add 40 parts by weight of β-propiolactone, 25 parts by weight of 3-ethyl-3-oxetanol, 15 parts by weight of acetone solvent, 15 parts by weight of dimethylformamide, 3 parts by weight of 1,2-benzenedimethanol, 1 part by weight of dibutyltin diacetate, and 1 part by weight of di-n-octyltin dilaurate, and react at 150°C for 13 hours to obtain a hyperbranched polyester with a molecular weight of 3500 g / mol.

[0087] 2. In a reaction vessel, add 70 parts by weight of the hyperbranched polyester prepared in step 1, 20 parts by weight of 3-isocyanatepropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 8 parts by weight of acetone, and 2 parts by weight of n-octyltin dilaurate, and react at 70° C. for 2 hours to obtain a blocked hyperbranched polyester.

[0088] 3. In a reaction vessel, add 70 parts by weight of methacrylate carboxybetaine (molecular weight 2000), 20 parts by weight of mercaptomethyltrimethoxysilane, 8 parts by weight of acetone, and 2 parts by weight of azobisisobutyronitrile, and react at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain a blocked antifouling additive.

[0089] 4. In a reaction vessel, 30 parts by weight of a blocked hyperbranched polyester, 50 parts by weight of an antifouling additive, and 20 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then coated onto an epoxy board. The coating was cured at room temperature for two days to obtain a coating. The resulting coating had a bulk elastic modulus of 10.5 MPa and an adhesion of 1.8 MPa. In a shallow-water panel test, the coating showed no marine biofouling within three months.

[0090] The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material, characterized in that: The invention comprises 20 to 100 parts by weight of component A and 1 to 60 parts by weight of component B. Component A is prepared from the following components by weight: Component B is prepared from the following components by weight: The hyperbranched polyester is prepared from the following components by weight:

2. The degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises 30 to 70 parts by weight of component A and 10 to 50 parts by weight of component B. Component A is prepared from the following components by weight: Component B is prepared from the following components by weight: The hyperbranched polyester is prepared from the following components by weight:

3. The degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lactone monomer is one or more of ε-caprolactone, δ-dodecalactone, γ-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, β-butyrolactone, δ-caprolactone, α-angelica lactone, δ-tetradecalactone, α-bromo-γ-butyrolactone, and β-propiolactone; The initiator is one or more of 2-nitro-p-phenylenediol, 2-hydroxyphenylethanol, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 1,3-benzenedimethanol, 1,2-benzenedimethanol and 1,4-benzenedimethanol. The branching monomer is one or more of glycidol, 2-hydroxymethyloxetane, 3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane-3-ol, 3-ethyl-3-oxetanemethanol, and 3-methyl-3-oxetanemethanol; The number average molecular weight of the hyperbranched polyester is 1000 to 10000 g / mol.

4. The degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antifouling additive is one or more of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol monooctyl ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine MPC, methacrylate carboxy betaine CBMA and methacrylate sulfonate betaine SBMA, and the molecular weight of the antifouling additive is 1000-10000.

5. The degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the hyperbranched polyester component, the second solvent is one or more of toluene, xylene, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphinate, isopropanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, acetone, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; In the hyperbranched polyester component, the initiator is one or more of 2-nitro-p-phenylenediol, 2-hydroxyphenylethanol, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 1,3-benzenedimethanol, 1,2-benzenedimethanol, and 1,4-benzenedimethanol; In the hyperbranched polyester component, the third catalyst is one or more of dibutyltin dilaurate, di-n-octyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, stannous octoate, monobutyltin oxide, and dibutyltin maleate; The number average molecular weight of the hyperbranched polyester is 3000-6000 g / mol.

6. The degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the component A and the component B, the first silane coupling agent and the second silane coupling agent are respectively one or more of isocyanatepropyl triethoxysilane, isocyanatepropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatepropyl methyl dimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatepropyl methyl diethoxysilane, mercaptomethyl trimethoxysilane, mercaptomethyl triethoxysilane, mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane and mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane; In the component A and the component B, the first solvent is one or more of a hydrocarbon solvent, an alcohol solvent, a ketone solvent and an ester solvent.

7. The degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the component A and the component B, the first solvent is one or more of tetrahydrofuran, toluene, xylene, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, propylene glycol methyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; In the B component, the second catalyst is one or more of dibutyltin dilaurate, di-n-octyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, stannous octoate, monobutyltin oxide, dibutyltin maleate, and azobisisobutyronitrile.

8. The method for preparing the degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) using a second solvent as a reaction medium, reacting a lactone monomer, a branching monomer and a catalyst at 60 to 150° C. for 12 to 48 hours in the presence of an initiator to obtain a hyperbranched polyester; (2) mixing the hyperbranched polyester, the first silane coupling agent, the first catalyst, and the first solvent at 50 to 100° C. for 2 to 6 hours to obtain a component A end-capped hyperbranched polyester; (3) mixing the antifouling additive, the second silane coupling agent, the second catalyst, and the first solvent at 50 to 100° C. for 2 to 6 hours to obtain a component B end-capped antifouling additive; (4) 1 to 60 parts by weight of the B component blocked antifouling additive, 20 to 100 parts by weight of the A component blocked hyperbranched polyester, and 1 to 50 parts by weight of a solvent are mixed and reacted at room temperature for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain a degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling coating.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The reaction temperature of step (1) is 110-150°C, and the reaction time is 12-18 hours; the reaction temperature of step (2) is preferably 60-80°C, and the reaction time is 2-4 hours; the reaction temperature of step (3) is 60-80°C, and the reaction time is 2-4 hours; The mixing reaction in step (4) is as follows: 30 to 70 parts by weight of the blocked hyperbranched polyester as component A and 10 to 50 parts by weight of the blocked antifouling additive as component B are dissolved together in 20 parts by weight of a solvent, and components A and B are mixed and reacted at room temperature for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain the degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling coating.

10. Use of the degradable hyperbranched elastic antifouling coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in marine antifouling.

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