A rotary locking type preservation box comprises a box body and a box cover, a sealing structure is arranged between the box body and the box cover, a rotary locking structure is arranged between the box body and the box cover, the rotary locking structure comprises a downwards-concave rotary groove formed in the box cover, a rotary knob is arranged in the rotary groove, at least two locking pieces extending outwards are arranged on the rotary knob, and the locking pieces are arranged on the box cover. The opening part of the box body is provided with a box edge which is upwards higher than the box cover, the box edge is provided with at least two lock holes, and the lock plates are matched with the lock holes. Compared with an existing preservation box in the market, a rotary locking structure is adopted, the lock plate and the lock hole are matched and are not prone to abrasion, and the preservation box has the advantages of being easier to operate, more reliable in preservation locking and longer in service life.