Solar cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell comprises a crystalline silicon cell, a perovskite cell and a connecting component, which are arranged in a stacked manner, wherein the perovskite cell is connected to the crystalline silicon cell by means of the connecting component, and the material of the connecting component comprises, for example, polydimethylsiloxane. The photovoltaic module comprises the solar cell.

Description

Solar cells and photovoltaic modules

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application number 202321865724.3, filed on July 14, 2023, entitled “Solar Cells and Photovoltaic Modules,” the entire text of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the fields of new energy and photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0004] In the photovoltaic field, crystalline silicon solar cells are the mainstream product in the current photovoltaic market. After years of development, the cell efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells has reached its practical limit, approximately 27%. Due to the existence of energy-mismatched photons and electrical recombination, improving the efficiency of single-junction solar cells will become increasingly difficult. Perovskite solar cells, proposed in 2009, are easy to prepare, low-cost, and have high conversion efficiency, making them the most promising next-generation photovoltaic product. Compared with crystalline silicon solar cells, perovskite solar cells can more efficiently utilize high-energy ultraviolet and blue-green visible light. By varying the type and ratio of cations and halogen elements in the perovskite component, their band gap can be controllably adjusted within a range of 1.2 eV to 2.3 eV. Related technologies use a crystalline silicon cell as a substrate and stack perovskite cells with crystalline silicon solar cells. This can greatly broaden the spectral response and significantly improve device efficiency with minimal cost increase, making it a promising next-generation photovoltaic technology.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a solar cell.

[0007] A solar cell comprises a crystalline silicon cell, a perovskite cell and a connector which are stacked on each other. The perovskite cell is connected to the crystalline silicon cell via the connector, and the material of the connector comprises polydimethylsiloxane.

[0008] In some embodiments, the connecting member is a polydimethylsiloxane layer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell includes a first charge extraction layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge extraction layer, and a transparent electrode layer stacked in sequence, wherein the transparent electrode layer is connected to the connector.

[0010] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell further includes a first interface modification layer, wherein the first interface modification layer is disposed between the perovskite layer and the first charge extraction layer.

[0011] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell further includes a second interface modification layer, and the second interface modification layer is disposed between the perovskite layer and the second charge extraction layer.

[0012] A photovoltaic assembly comprises the solar cell.

[0013] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes a packaging component and a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, the first substrate and the second substrate sandwich the solar cell therebetween, the packaging component surrounds the circumference of the solar cell and is sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0014] In some embodiments, the packaging component is an edge sealing film, and the packaging component is in contact with the solar cell.

[0015] In some embodiments, the material of the edge sealing film is polydimethylsiloxane.

[0016] In some embodiments, the first substrate is adjacent to the perovskite cell, and the second substrate is adjacent to the crystalline silicon cell.

[0017] In some embodiments, a connecting adhesive film is further provided between the second substrate and the crystalline silicon cell.

[0018] In some embodiments, the material of the connecting adhesive film is polydimethylsiloxane.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first substrate is a conductive glass plate, and the second substrate is a packaging glass plate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0021] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Explanation of the reference numerals: 10, photovoltaic module; 100, solar cell; 110, crystalline silicon cell; 120, perovskite cell; 121a, first charge extraction layer; 121b, second charge extraction layer; 122, perovskite layer; 123, transparent electrode layer; 124, interface modification layer; 130, connector; 200, first substrate; 300, second substrate; 400, packaging component; 500, connecting adhesive film. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0024] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0025] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0026] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0027] In the description of this application, "several" means more than one, "plurality" means more than two, "greater than," "less than," and "exceed" are understood to exclude the number itself, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the number itself. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is solely for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, implicitly specifying the number of the indicated technical features, or implicitly specifying the order of the indicated technical features.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0029] The perovskite-crystalline silicon four-terminal stacked structure is a simple mechanical stack of a crystalline silicon cell and a perovskite cell. Each cell has two electrodes, and the two cell circuits are independent of each other. The single-junction perovskite cell and the crystalline silicon cell are independently manufactured and then connected in series to form the perovskite-crystalline silicon four-terminal stacked structure, which has the advantages of simple structure, strong compatibility, and low difficulty in preparation. However, the inventors found in actual preparation that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of this structure is often lower than the sum of the photoelectric conversion efficiencies of the individual crystalline silicon cells and perovskite cells, and the long-term stability is poor. Through research, the inventors found that in traditional packaging processes, the packaging materials need to be polymerized at relatively high temperatures, which damages the perovskite structure and reduces the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. In addition, traditional packaging materials will produce byproducts that affect the stability of the perovskite during long-term use, resulting in poor long-term stability of the perovskite-crystalline silicon four-terminal stacked structure.

[0030] Referring to FIG. 1 , an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell 100 to solve the problem that the traditional packaging method for the packaging of crystalline silicon cells 110 and perovskite cells 120 has high processing temperature of the packaging film, which causes great damage to the component packaging, high cell efficiency loss, and affects the long-term stability of the perovskite cell 120.

[0031] The solar cell 100 includes a crystalline silicon cell 110, a perovskite cell 120, and a connector 130. The crystalline silicon cell 110, the perovskite cell 120, and the connector 130 are all layered structures and stacked one on top of the other. The connector 130 is sandwiched between the crystalline silicon cell 110 and the perovskite cell 120.

[0032] The perovskite cell 120 is connected to the crystalline silicon cell 110 via a connector 130. The connector 130 is a layered structure. For example, it can be a layer having substantially the same area as the perovskite cell 120 and the crystalline silicon cell 110. The perovskite cell 120 and the crystalline silicon cell 110 can be connected at all locations in the thickness direction via the connector 130. The material of the connector 130 includes polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In some embodiments, the material of the connector 130 is composed of PDMS. In some embodiments, the connector 130 is a PDMS layer.

[0033] In some embodiments, the connector 130 covers the entire opposing surfaces of the crystalline silicon cell 110 and the perovskite cell 120 , thereby integrally and fixedly connecting the crystalline silicon cell 110 and the perovskite cell 120 .

[0034] In some embodiments, the crystalline silicon cell 110 can be selected from any known crystalline silicon-based solar cell in conventional technology, for example, it can be one or more of an emitter passivated back contact (PERC) cell, an emitter passivated back local diffusion (PERL) cell, an emitter passivated back diffused (PERT) cell, a tunneling oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) cell, a heterojunction solar cell, and an all-back contact solar cell (IBC).

[0035] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell 120 includes a first charge extraction layer 121a, a perovskite layer 122, a second charge extraction layer 121b, and a transparent electrode layer 123, which are stacked in sequence, wherein the transparent electrode layer 123 is connected to the connector 130. As shown in FIG1 , from top to bottom, the first charge extraction layer 121a, the perovskite layer 122, the second charge extraction layer 121b, and the transparent electrode layer 123 are sequentially arranged, and the first charge extraction layer 121a, the perovskite layer 122, the second charge extraction layer 121b, and the transparent electrode layer 123 are stacked and connected in sequence.

[0036] In some embodiments, the material of the first charge extraction layer 121a is selected from, but not limited to, one or more of n-type single crystal silicon, n-type polycrystalline silicon, n-type amorphous silicon, titanium dioxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc gallium oxide, barium stannate, indium zinc, fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium tin oxide, barium stannate, titanium tin oxide, tin zinc oxide, fullerene, and fullerene derivatives.

[0037] In some embodiments, the material of the second charge extraction layer 121b is selected from, but not limited to, [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz), [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz), benzoic acid, 4-[bis(2,4-dimethoxybiphenyl-4-yl)amino]-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid [MC-43], P-type metal oxide nickel oxide NiO x , one or more of CuFeO2, CuAlO2, CuSCN, Cu2O, WO3, CuI2, MoS2, FeS2.

[0038] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer 122 can be made of a perovskite thin film. In this application, "perovskite" is not limited to CaTiO3, but refers to one or more oxides having a perovskite structure. The perovskite structure is represented by the general formula ABX3, where A has a valence of +2, B has a valence of +4, and X has a valence of -2. Any compound having a perovskite structure known in conventional art for use in solar cells can be used in the perovskite layer 122. In some embodiments, the material of the perovskite layer may be selected from, but not limited to, one or more of CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbBr3, CH3NH3PbCl3, CH3NH3PbF3, CH3NH3PbBrI2, CH3NH3PbBrCl2, CH3NH3PbIBr2, CH3NH3PbICl2, CH3NH3PbClBr, CH3NH3PbI2Cl, CH3NH3SnBrI2, CH3NH3SnBrCl2, CH3NH3SnF2Br, CH3NH3SnIBr2, CH3NH3SnICl2, CH3NH3SnF2I, CH3NH3SnClBr2, CH3NH3SnI2Cl, and CH3NH3SnF2Cl.

[0039] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell 120 further includes a first interface modification layer 124. The first interface modification layer 124 is disposed between the perovskite layer 122 and the first charge extraction layer 121a.

[0040] In some embodiments, a second interface modification layer 124 ′ is disposed between the perovskite layer 122 and the second charge extraction layer 121 b .

[0041] In some embodiments, the materials of the first interface modification layer 124 and the second interface modification layer 124 ′ can be selected as needed.

[0042] An embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic assembly 10 , comprising the aforementioned solar cell 100 .

[0043] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1 , a photovoltaic module 10 includes an encapsulation component 400 and a first substrate 200 and a second substrate 300 disposed opposite each other. The first substrate 200 and the second substrate 300 are disposed on either side of the stacking direction of the solar cell 100, sandwiching the solar cell 100 therebetween. The encapsulation component 400 surrounds the solar cell 100 and is sealed between the first substrate 200 and the second substrate 300. The encapsulation component 400, the first substrate 200, and the second substrate 300 together form a sealed chamber, within which the solar cell 100 is encapsulated.

[0044] In some embodiments, the packaging component 400 is an edge sealing film. The packaging component 400 is in contact with the solar cell 100. That is, the inner wall of the packaging component 400 and the outer wall of the solar cell 100 are in close contact and sealing relationship. The material of the edge sealing film can be selected according to actual needs. In some embodiments, the material of the edge sealing film can be PDMS.

[0045] In some embodiments, the first substrate 200 is adjacent to the perovskite cell 120 of the solar cell 100 and cooperates with the perovskite cell 120 . The second substrate 300 is adjacent to the crystalline silicon cell 110 of the solar cell 100 and cooperates with the crystalline silicon cell 110 .

[0046] In some embodiments, a connecting adhesive film 500 is further disposed between the second substrate 300 and the crystalline silicon cell 110. The provision of the connecting adhesive film 500 enables a tight connection between the crystalline silicon cell 110 and the second substrate 300, thereby improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic module 10. The specific material of the connecting adhesive film 500 can be selected based on actual needs. In some embodiments, the material of the connecting adhesive film 500 can be PDMS.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first substrate 200 is a conductive glass plate, including a glass substrate and a transparent conductive film deposited on the glass substrate. The transparent conductive film and the transparent electrode layer 123 can be made of, for example, one or more of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). In some embodiments, the first substrate 200 is an FTO conductive glass plate. In some embodiments, the first substrate 200 and the transparent electrode layer 123 serve as the two electrodes of the perovskite cell 120.

[0048] In some embodiments, the second substrate 300 is a packaging glass plate.

[0049] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1 , a photovoltaic module 10 comprises, from top to bottom, a first substrate 200, a first charge extraction layer 121a, a first interface modification layer 124, a perovskite layer 122, a second interface modification layer 124′, a second charge extraction layer 121b, a transparent electrode layer 123, a connector 130, a crystalline silicon cell 110, a connecting adhesive film 500, and a second substrate 300. The encapsulation component 400 surrounds the solar cell 100 and is disposed between the first substrate 200 and the second substrate 300.

[0050] The solar cell 100 and photovoltaic module 10 of the embodiment of the present application use a PDMS layer as a connector 130. PDMS can be polymerized at a relatively low temperature, such as around 80°C, thereby achieving connection and packaging of the perovskite cell 120 and the crystalline silicon cell 110, avoiding damage to the perovskite structure caused by high temperature, and minimizing the loss of component efficiency. In addition, the PDMS layer has good anti-reflection properties and is relatively compatible with perovskite materials, thereby further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100. In addition, PDMS is stable in properties during long-term use, and its by-products are inert to both the perovskite cell 120 and the crystalline silicon cell 110, thus avoiding the occurrence of side reactions during long-term use and improving the long-term stability of the perovskite-crystalline silicon four-terminal stacked structure.

[0051] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0052] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0053] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises a crystalline silicon cell, a perovskite cell and a connecting piece which are stacked on each other. The perovskite cell is connected to the crystalline silicon cell via the connecting piece, and the material of the connecting piece comprises polydimethylsiloxane.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting element is a polydimethylsiloxane layer.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The perovskite cell comprises a first charge extraction layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge extraction layer and a transparent electrode layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein the transparent electrode layer is connected to the connecting member.

4. The solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The perovskite cell further includes a first interface modification layer, which is disposed between the perovskite layer and the first charge extraction layer.

5. The solar cell according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The perovskite cell further includes a second interface modification layer, which is disposed between the perovskite layer and the second charge extraction layer.

6. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: A solar cell comprising the solar cell described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The photovoltaic assembly includes a packaging component and a first substrate and a second substrate that are arranged opposite to each other. The first substrate and the second substrate sandwich the solar cell therebetween. The packaging component surrounds the circumference of the solar cell and is sealed and connected between the first substrate and the second substrate.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The packaging component is an edge sealing film, and the packaging component is in contact with the solar cell.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that: The material of the edge sealing film is polydimethylsiloxane.

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The first substrate is adjacent to the perovskite cell, and the second substrate is adjacent to the crystalline silicon cell.

11. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that: A connecting adhesive film is also arranged between the second substrate and the crystalline silicon cell.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that: The material of the connecting adhesive film is polydimethylsiloxane.

13. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that: The first substrate is a conductive glass plate, and the second substrate is a packaging glass plate.

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