Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives information relating to a sensing scheme; and a control unit that determines, on the basis of the information, the sensing scheme to be used for sensing and at least one of a resource and a signal corresponding to a plurality of antenna ports for sensing. According to the one aspect of the present disclosure, appropriate sensing and communication can be performed.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR), it is being considered to introduce sensing (e.g., Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC)) in terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) and base stations.

[0006] However, the configuration, definition, and instruction of the antenna ports related to ISAC at the UE and base station have not been sufficiently considered, which may result in inappropriate sensing and communication and a decrease in communication throughput.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that are capable of performing appropriate sensing and communication.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a receiving unit that receives information regarding a sensing scheme, and a control unit that determines, based on the information, the sensing scheme to be used for sensing and at least one of resources and signals corresponding to multiple sensing antenna ports.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, appropriate sensing and communication can be performed.

[0010] FIGS. 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating examples of sensing method 1 and sensing method 2. FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating an example of sensing method 3. FIGS. 3A to 3C are diagrams illustrating an example of sensing type 1. FIGS. 4A to 4C are diagrams illustrating an example of sensing type 2. FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams illustrating an example of sensing type 3. FIGS. 6A to 6C are diagrams illustrating an example of a scenario. FIGS. 7A to 7C are diagrams illustrating another example of a scenario. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmit antenna design for implementing VA. FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams illustrating an example of the arrangement of transmit antennas and receive antennas. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a ULA antenna. FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrating an example of antenna ports according to options 1-1-1 and 1-1-2. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of antenna ports according to option 1-1-3-1. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of antenna ports according to option 1-1-3-2. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of sensing antenna ports according to embodiment 1-2. 15A and 15B are diagrams illustrating an example of antenna port usage according to the second embodiment. FIGS. 16A and 16B are diagrams illustrating another example of antenna port usage according to the second embodiment. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of resources for multiple sensing antenna ports according to embodiment 3-1. FIGS. 18A and 18B are diagrams illustrating an example of resource allocation according to embodiment 3-2-1. FIGS. 19A and 19B are diagrams illustrating an example of signal allocation to sensing antenna ports according to embodiment 3-2-2. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station configuration according to an embodiment. FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a user terminal configuration according to an embodiment. FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (Wireless sensing technology) Sensing technologies that use radio waves (wireless sensing technology, object detection, etc.) are being studied. Wireless sensing technology is thought to have the following advantages over other sensing technologies: - Sensing that uses moving images or infrared rays is only applicable to specific directions, whereas wireless sensing technology is not limited to a specific direction and can make use of characteristics such as diffraction. - Wireless sensing technology can be implemented at a low cost compared to moving image capture functions.

[0012] With wireless sensing technology, sensing results can be collected at a base station (BS), and the collected information can be used to generate advanced cyberspace, or to provide feedback to the real world.

[0013] Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) considers sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing. Sensing-assisted communication considers sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation. Communication-assisted sensing considers network sensing and coordinated sensing. To achieve these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are considered. Shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC are considered, including higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing.

[0014] In ISAC, the challenges are unified waveforms that simultaneously meet the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously realizes communication (e.g., transmit signals, receive signals) and sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmit signals, reflected signals) through beamforming, and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI that uses AI / DL networks to extract sensing information from channel information for communication (e.g., UL transmit signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals).

[0015] Three types of radar and communication systems have been considered based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bandwidth. The three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). In the following, we focus on ISAC systems, in which hardware and bandwidth are shared between the radar and communication systems.

[0016] Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BSs and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radars, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and receives echoes from a sensing target, and bistatic / multistatic radars, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from a sensing target.

[0017] Independent systems use separate hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications, which may be co-located or located at separate locations.

[0018] A joint system uses the same hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0019] The integrated system uses the same hardware and the same frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0020] Parameters relating to range, velocity, angle, localization, recognition, and the like can be defined as parameters relating to sensing (sensing parameters).

[0021] In the ISAC system, sensing can be achieved by the following three methods: [Sensing Method 1] Monostatic sensing using the idea of ​​monostatic radar; [Sensing Method 2] Bistatic / multistatic sensing using bistatic / multistatic radar; [Sensing Method 3] UE-assisted sensing using the idea of ​​NR positioning.

[0022] Sensing method 1 requires one BS or UE and performs sensing using echo signals. In sensing method 1, there is no BS-to-BS, UE-to-UE, or BS-to-UE cooperation. In sensing method 1, full duplex is required, and a low SNR of the echo signal is required. A use case of sensing method 1 is, for example, imaging using terahertz.

[0023] Sensing method 2 requires two or more BSs or two or more UEs, and performs sensing by reflected signals. Half duplex is sufficient for sensing method 2. Sensing method 2 requires close synchronization and coordination between BSs or UEs, and requires scheduling coordination among multiple BSs. A use case for sensing method 2 is, for example, positioning.

[0024] Sensing method 3 requires a BS and a UE, and sensing is performed by communication (UL / DL) signals. In sensing method 3, the existing 5G NR framework operates. In sensing method 3, a UE is required, and both line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) sensing require high computational complexity. An example of a use case for sensing method 3 is breath monitoring.

[0025] In the ISAC system, multiple sensing methods each have suitable scenarios, requirements on BS / UE capabilities, and sensing accuracy / performance. Sensing method 1 is suitable for BS / UE with full duplex, or sensing targets close to the BS or UE. Sensing method 2 is suitable for BS / UE without full duplex, or sensing targets far from the BS or UE. Sensing method 3 is suitable for BS / UE with high capabilities.

[0026] Scenarios suitable for Sensing Method 1 include sensing targets close to the sensing BS or UE, high or medium SNR of the echo signal, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. The capability requirements for Sensing Method 1 include full duplex (a high requirement) at the BS or UE. The sensing performance of Sensing Method 1 includes high accuracy due to no quantization, accuracy related to the SNR of the echo signal, and low latency.

[0027] Scenarios suitable for Sensing Method 2 include very tight synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. The capability requirements for Sensing Method 2 include half-duplex (low requirement) and synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs (high requirement). The sensing performance of Sensing Method 2 includes high accuracy without quantization, accuracy related to synchronization error, and medium latency.

[0028] A scenario suitable for Sensing Method 3 involves UEs communicating around the sensing target. The performance requirements for Sensing Method 3 are UEs with high computational resources (high requirements). The sensing performance of Sensing Method 3 includes medium accuracy due to quantization of feedback values, accuracy related to deployed resources and UE location, and high latency.

[0029] <Sensing Method> The sensing method may be at least one of the above-mentioned sensing methods 1 to 3. Multiple sensing methods may require different capabilities for the UE / BS. Sensing method 1 may require full-duplex capability in the BS or UE. Sensing method 2 may require precise synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs. Sensing method 3 may require communication capability in the sensing target or may require high computational complexity capability.

[0030] The sensing signal may be a signal for a sensing function.

[0031] The sensing signal may be at least one of a communication signal and a communication waveform. The sensing signal may be a signal with at least one of a CP-OFDM and a DFT-s-OFDM waveform in a communication system. The signal may be at least one of a PRS, an SRS, a CSI-RS, an SSB, a PDSCH, and a PUSCH, for example.

[0032] The sensing signal may be at least one of a radar signal and a radar waveform. In a radar system, the sensing signal may be a signal with at least one of a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), a linear frequency modulation (LFM), and a chirp waveform (CW).

[0033] The sensing signal may be at least one of an ISAC signal and an ISAC waveform.

[0034] The UE may be a terminal with communication capabilities, and the sensing target may or may not have communication capabilities.

[0035] In the example of monostatic sensing of sensing method 1 in Fig. 1A, a communication signal or ISAC signal may be transmitted and received between the BS and the UE. A sensing signal or ISAC signal may be transmitted from the BS or the UE to the sensing target. The BS or the UE may receive an echo signal from the sensing target.

[0036] In the example of bistatic sensing of sensing method 2 in Fig. 1B, a communication signal or an ISAC signal may be transmitted and received between the BS and the UE. A sensing signal or an ISAC signal may be transmitted from the BS or the UE to the sensing target. The cooperating BS1 or the cooperating UE may receive a reflected signal from the sensing target.

[0037] In the example of multistatic sensing of sensing method 2 in FIG. 1C , a communication signal or an ISAC signal may be transmitted and received between the BS and the UE. A sensing signal or an ISAC signal may be transmitted from the BS or the UE to the sensing target. The cooperating BS1 and the cooperating BS2 or the cooperating UE1 and the cooperating UE2 may receive a reflected signal from the sensing target.

[0038] In the example of UE-assisted sensing of Sensing Method 3 in Figure 2A, a sensing signal or ISAC signal may be transmitted and received between the BS and the UE, which may be the sensing target.

[0039] In another example of UE-assisted sensing of Sensing Method 3 in Figure 2B, a sensing signal or ISAC signal may be transmitted and received between the BS and a UE, which may or may not be a sensing target. The UE may receive a reflected signal from the sensing target.

[0040] In 5G wireless sensing, 5G system (5GS) functionality provides the ability to use NR RF signals to obtain information about at least one of characteristics of an environment and objects within the environment. The information may include at least one of shape, size, velocity, position, distance, and relative movement between multiple objects. In some cases, 5GS functionality may provide the ability to obtain information predefined in EPC / E-UTRA.

[0041] The sensing transmitter may be an entity that emits sensing signals used by the sensing service in its operation. The sensing transmitter may be an NR radio access network (RAN) node or a UE. The sensing transmitter may be located within the same entity as the sensing receiver or within a different entity from the sensing receiver.

[0042] The sensing receiver may be an entity that receives sensing signals used by the sensing service in its operation. The sensing receiver may be an NR RAN node or a UE. The sensing receiver may be located in the same entity as the sensing transmitter or in a different entity from the sensing transmitter.

[0043] A sensing group may be a set of one or more UEs that support sensing operations, the locations of all UEs in the set may be known, and sensing measurement data for the set of UEs may be collected simultaneously.

[0044] The sensing measurement data may be data collected on radio / wireless signals affected by the object or environment targeted for sensing.

[0045] The sensing measurement process may be the process of collecting sensing measurement data.

[0046] The sensing result may be information derived from processing the sensed measurement data, for example, the sensing result may be a property of an object or an environment.

[0047] In wireless local area network (WLAN) sensing, sensing types, sensing settings, and sensing procedures are defined.

[0048] Sensing types include monostatic, monostatic with cooperation (two or more transmitters / receivers), bistatic, bistatic with cooperation (two or more receivers), multistatic, and passive sensing.

[0049] The sensing configuration includes any of a sensing transmitter, a sensing receiver, a sensing initiator, and a sensing responder. Any of cases 1 to 4 based on different combinations of a sensing transmitter, a sensing receiver, a sensing initiator, and a sensing responder may be configured. In case 1, the sensing initiator has the functionality of a sensing receiver and sends a request to the sensing responder. The sensing responder has the functionality of a sensing transmitter and sends a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) in response to the request. The sensing initiator receives the PPDU. In case 2, the sensing initiator has the functionality of a sensing transmitter and sends a PPDU. The sensing responder has the functionality of a sensing receiver and receives the PPDU and sends a report based on the reception to the sensing initiator. In case 3, the sensing initiator has the functionality of both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver and sends and receives PPDUs. The sensing responder has the functionality of both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, sends and receives PPDUs, and sends reports based on their reception to the sensing initiator. In case 4, the sensing initiator has neither the functionality of a sensing transmitter nor a sensing receiver, and sends requests. The sensing responder has the functionality of both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, sends and receives PPDUs in response to requests, and sends reports based on their reception to the sensing initiator.

[0050] In the sensing procedure, a sensing requirement / sensing service may be initiated by a sensing initiator, and the sensing procedure includes, in order, a sensing session setup, a sensing measurement setup, a sensing measurement instance, a sensing measurement termination, and a sensing session termination.

[0051] In each embodiment, the radar signal may have high sensing performance or may be designed for sensing. The radar signal may be a pulse signal in one or more subcarriers or one or more frequency resources, a pulse signal in one or more OFDM symbols or one or more time resources, or a continuous signal with chirp / LFM characteristics. These signals may be generated in an NR (5G advanced (5GA) or 6G or later) system or by another integrated non-NR / 5GA / 6G system.

[0052] The radar method and the sensing method using radar signals may be the monostatic / bistatic / multistatic sensing described above.

[0053] The LFM radar signal may be one subcarrier in OFDM. The LFM radar signal may be a chirp signal.

[0054] The radar (sensing) signal may be a pulsed radar signal with regular intervals, where each pulse may be a chirp signal, and the radar signal may be frequency division multiplexed (FDM) with a communication signal.

[0055] The radar (sensing) signal may be a continuous pulsed radar signal, where each pulse may be a chirp signal, and the radar signal may be frequency division multiplexed (FDM) with a communication signal.

[0056] <Sensing Types> Multiple sensing types may be supported within one ISAC system.

[0057] The high degree of freedom in the configuration of sensing transmitters / sensing receivers and sensing initiators / sensing responders may complicate the system. To reduce the signaling overhead and the system complexity, some pre-configurations of sensing types may be defined.

[0058] Multiple sensing types may be defined. The sensing types may be defined as higher layer parameters. For example, the higher layer parameters may be RRC parameters or broadcast parameters such as SIB / MIB.

[0059] Based on the capabilities of the BS / UE, only a part of the sensing methods or sensing signals / sensing waveforms may be supported in the corresponding area (coverage area) / scenario. For sensing services in this area / scenario, the sensing types may be limited to fewer options through configuration in higher layers, which is beneficial for sensing resource allocation and sensing measurement data configuration.

[0060] Multiple areas / scenarios may support different sensing methods and sensing signals.

[0061] The sensing methods and sensing signals may be related to measurement and reporting configurations, such as resource allocation for sensing and measurement results for reporting. For lower overhead and complexity for resource allocation and measurement-related configurations, supported sensing methods and sensing signals for different coverage areas / scenarios may be pre-configured by higher layers.

[0062] One or more sensing types based on the sensing signal may be defined. The one or more sensing types may be at least one of the following types:

[0063] [Type 1] Communication-based Sensing At least one of one or more UEs, one or more objects, and the environment may be sensed by existing or new signals in a communication system.

[0064] [Type 2] Radar-based Sensing Through a radar method, at least one of one or more UEs, one or more objects, and the environment may be sensed by a sensing signal / ISAC signal. The sensing signal / ISAC signal may be the aforementioned radar signal. The radar method may be the aforementioned monostatic sensing / bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing radar method. One or more sensing methods (monostatic sensing / bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing) may be supported.

[0065] [Type 3] Hybrid-based sensing of communication and radar One or more UEs may be sensed by existing or new signals in a communication system. Through a radar method, at least one of one or more objects and the environment may be sensed by communication signals / sensing signals / ISAC signals. The radar method may be the monostatic sensing / bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing radar method described above. One or more sensing methods (monostatic sensing / bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing) may be supported.

[0066] At least one type may be supported by the sensing system, and at least one type may be based on Type 1 with methods and signals defined by 5G NR positioning.

[0067] These signals are related to a set of resource allocation and measurement / reporting configurations. By involving pre-configuration based on sensing transmitter capabilities, measurement and reporting mechanisms can be configured with fewer options, lower signaling overhead and lower complexity.

[0068] The Type 1 example in FIG. 3A is monostatic sensing at the BS or UE. In this example, the sensing transceiver may be the BS or the UE. The sensing transceiver transmits a communication signal and receives an echo signal from an object. The Type 1 example in FIG. 3B is bistatic / multistatic sensing at the BS / UE. The sensing transmitter transmits a communication signal and the sensing receiver receives a signal affected by the object. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS or the UE, and the sensing receiver is an associated BS or an associated UE. The Type 1 example in FIG. 3C is UE-assisted sensing. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS, the sensing receiver is the UE, the BS transmits a communication signal, and the UE receives the communication signal from the BS and feeds back the sensing result to the BS.

[0069] The Type 2 example in FIG. 4A is monostatic sensing at the BS or UE. In this example, the sensing transceiver may be the BS or the UE. The sensing transceiver transmits a radar signal and receives an echo signal from an object. The Type 2 example in FIG. 4B is bistatic / multistatic sensing at the BS / UE. The sensing transmitter transmits a radar signal and the sensing receiver receives the signal affected by the object. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS or the UE, and the sensing receiver is an associated BS or an associated UE. The Type 2 example in FIG. 4C is UE-assisted sensing. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS, the sensing receiver is the UE, the BS transmits a radar signal, and the UE receives the radar signal from the BS and feeds back the sensing result to the BS.

[0070] The example of Type 3 in FIG. 5A is monostatic sensing at the BS. In this example, the sensing transceiver is the BS. The BS uses communication signals for sensing the UE and radar signals for sensing the target. The BS transmits communication signals and radar signals. The UE receives communication signals from the BS and feeds back the reception results to the BS. The BS receives echo signals from the target and receives feedback from the UE. The example of Type 3 in FIG. 5B is bistatic / multistatic sensing at the BS. In this example, the sensing transmitter is the BS and the sensing receiver is a cooperating BS. The BS uses communication signals for sensing the UE and radar signals for sensing the target. The BS transmits communication signals and radar signals. The UE receives communication signals from the BS and feeds back the reception results to the BS. The cooperating BS receives signals affected by the target. The BS receives feedback from the UE. The example of Type 3 in FIG. 5C is UE-assisted sensing. In this example, the sensing transmitter is a BS and the sensing receiver is a UE. The BS uses communication signals to sense the UE and radar signals to sense the target. The BS transmits communication signals and radar signals. The UE receives the communication signals from the BS and signals affected by the target, and feeds back the reception results to the BS. The BS receives feedback from the UE.

[0071] <Sensing Scenarios (Target Scenarios)> Applicable scenarios for non-UE targets and UE targets may be sensing based on echo / reflection signals according to at least one of the following scenarios: - Scenario 1: Signal transmission and echo / reflection sensing are performed on the same base station side (Fig. 6A). This scenario may be monostatic sensing on the base station side. - Scenario 2: Signal transmission is performed on the base station side and echo / reflection sensing is performed on another base station side (Fig. 6B). This scenario may be bistatic / multistatic sensing on the base station side. - Scenario 3: Signal transmission is performed on the base station side and echo / reflection sensing is performed on the UE side (Fig. 6C). This scenario may be UE-assisted sensing or bistatic sensing from the base station to the UE. - Scenario 4: Signal transmission is performed on the UE side and echo / reflection sensing is performed on the base station side (Fig. 7A). This scenario may be base station-aided sensing or bistatic sensing from the UE to the base station.

[0072] The echo / reflection signal may be an echo / reflection signal of a communication signal or an echo / reflection signal of a radar signal.

[0073] Applicable scenarios for UE targeting may be sensing based on DL / UL communication signals according to at least one of the following scenarios: - Scenario 5: Base station side sensing based on UL channels / signals (e.g. SRS, PRACH, DMRS, etc.) (Fig. 7B); - Scenario 6: UE side sensing based on DL channels / signals (e.g. CSI-RS, SSB, DMRS, PRS, etc.) (Fig. 7C).

[0074] Virtual Aperture (VA) Long-range sensing scenarios (e.g., High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) sensing) or high-resolution imaging scenarios require high angular resolution and estimation accuracy, and therefore, related techniques are needed to improve sensing performance.

[0075] In conventional MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) radar, better angular resolution can be achieved, among other things, by realizing a larger virtual aperture (VA) through the arrangement of transmit / receive antennas (e.g., antenna spacing) and the design of orthogonal signals across multiple transmit antennas.

[0076] For example, it is being considered to realize VA by adding a new transmit antenna for sensing with a larger antenna spacing (the transmit antenna spacing is equal to the receive antenna aperture) and using the new transmit antenna and TDM orthogonal signals.

[0077] However, the realization of such a VA poses problems of increased cost and complexity in design.

[0078] In addition, for example, it is being considered to realize VA by designing new transmitting antennas in the entire horizontal direction and new receiving antennas in the entire vertical direction for sensing, and using new transmitting / receiving antennas and TDM / CDM orthogonal signals.

[0079] However, the realization of the VA involves problems such as increased costs and poor suitability for communication.

[0080] Another issue is how to achieve VA in current systems with antenna spacing of a specific length (e.g., half wavelength) and digital / analog / hybrid digital-analog beamforming (BF) / antenna configurations.

[0081] For example, when creating a virtual antenna arrangement for a VA, there may be overlapping of antenna elements and unnecessary gaps between antenna elements in the real antenna arrangement.

[0082] Digital antennas in current communication systems are being considered for reuse in sensing applications to reduce costs.

[0083] However, VA in conventional MIMO radar systems requires specific transmit / receive antenna spacing design and hardware configuration.

[0084] An example of a method for realizing VA will be described below.

[0085] The transmit antennas may be divided into multiple transmission groups, and transmit precoding for each transmission group and virtual transmit antenna spacing after precoding may be designed to achieve VA.

[0086] Each transmission group may include one or more transmit antennas.

[0087] If a group contains multiple transmit antennas, it will result in a higher SNR but a smaller VA.

[0088] To achieve higher sensing performance, it is necessary to design the optimal number of transmitting antennas and transmitting groups.

[0089] Each transmission group may be configured with one transmission antenna, in which case transmission precoding may not be performed.

[0090] Also, for systems with identical transmit / receive antennas (e.g., dynamic TDD systems), antennas may be assigned semi-statically / dynamically for transmit and receive to achieve the expected VA.

[0091] The system model targeted by the VA may be a model using monostatic sensing of one or more targets, where the angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) of a signal at the sensing object (e.g., a sensing station (e.g., a base station / terminal)) are equal.

[0092] Additionally, the system model targeted by the VA may be a model that uses sensing other than monostatic sensing of one or more targets.

[0093] Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a transmit antenna design for realizing VA. In the example shown in Fig. 8, first, actual transmit antennas are grouped, and each transmit antenna is divided into transmission groups 1 to 4. These divided transmission groups are generated as virtual transmit apertures (antennas).

[0094] Next, a receiving antenna corresponding to each transmitting group is designed to realize a virtual receiving aperture. The placement of each receiving antenna may be based on the location of each transmitting group. In the example shown in Figure 8, each receiving antenna is composed of 8 x 4 antenna elements.

[0095] Here, due to the presence of an inappropriate virtual transmit aperture, there may be non-expected / unnecessary antenna spacing (e.g., the central (horizontal) row portion (indicated by the dashed line) in the aperture shown in FIG. 8 ) and virtual antenna overlap (e.g., the central (vertical) column portion (indicated by the dashed line) in the aperture shown in FIG. 8 ).

[0096] Therefore, this unexpected antenna spacing and virtual antenna overlap is corrected to achieve the expected virtual receive aperture.

[0097] There are several possible cases for arranging the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.

[0098] For example, both the transmit and receive antennas may be located in one panel (antennas allocation case 1, see FIG. 9A).

[0099] Furthermore, for example, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna may be separately arranged on different panels (antenna arrangement case 2, see FIG. 9B).

[0100] In antenna arrangement case 1, N antennas spaced at half wavelength (λ / 2) intervals may be utilized / reused for transmission and reception. In other words, an antenna arrangement using a total of N antennas for transmission and reception may be required.

[0101] For example, for N Uniform Linear Array (ULA) antennas, 2M antennas may be used for transmission and N-2M antennas may be used for reception.

[0102] In this case, for example, 2M transmit antennas may be defined as two transmit groups each having M transmit antennas, arranged at two ends of the ULA antenna (see FIG. 10).

[0103] In such an antenna arrangement, to achieve VA, orthogonal signals may be transmitted from two transmission groups, which may be orthogonal in time / frequency / space / code resources, for example.

[0104] Beamforming with beam sweeping may be performed on multiple antennas in one transmission group.

[0105] There may be a gap between the distance of the transmit antennas required by the VA and the distance of the virtual transmit antennas between the transmission groups realized by transmit antenna selection and beamforming.

[0106] To correct this gap, a two-step estimation algorithm may be utilized.

[0107] In a two-step estimation algorithm, first, a coarse estimation based on signals transmitted by a certain transmitting group (eg, transmitting group 1) may be performed (step 1).

[0108] Next, the angle estimated in step 1 may be used to fix / correct the received signal of another transmission group (e.g., transmission group 2), and angle estimation may be performed using the fixed / corrected signal and VA (step 2).

[0109] The two-step estimation algorithm allows for VA implementations to achieve higher performance than existing methods, and also achieves high SNR gains without hardware modifications.

[0110] (Analysis 0) The ISAC MIMO method can be classified into ISAC MIMO beamforming and ISAC VA.

[0111] In ISAC MIMO beamforming, sensing beams can be generated to cover a predefined sensing area.

[0112] The ISAC VA can particularly improve the angular resolution and accuracy of the signal.

[0113] ISAC MIMO beamforming and ISAC VA have in common the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver.

[0114] On the other hand, in ISAC MIMO beamforming, all transmit antennas are used, while in ISAC VA, some transmit antennas can be used.

[0115] Also, in ISAC MIMO beamforming, the same signal may correspond to different antennas, while in ISAC VA, different signals may correspond to different antennas.

[0116] Also, ISAC MIMO beamforming uses directional beamforming, while ISAC VA does not use directional beamforming.

[0117] To date, the design of spacing / position of transmitting / receiving antennas for sensing that differs from the half-wavelength spacing in communication systems has been considered, but there has been insufficient consideration given to the design of spacing / position of transmitting / receiving antennas with half-wavelength spacing (e.g., for realizing / generating VA).

[0118] Furthermore, there has been insufficient consideration given to the configuration / definition of antenna ports (for example, antenna ports for sensing) to support the ISAC MIMO system.

[0119] Also, there is insufficient consideration given to the construction / definition of orthogonal signals for multiple antenna ports (for example, for realizing / generating VA).

[0120] If these considerations are not sufficient, it may not be possible to perform appropriate ISAC, which may hinder improvement in communication throughput.

[0121] Therefore, the inventors came up with the idea of ​​configuring / defining antenna ports for ISAC, indicating the antenna ports, resources for the antenna ports, and allocating antenna ports for communication and sensing.

[0122] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0123] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0124] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0125] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0126] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0127] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0128] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0129] In the present disclosure, sensing, ISAC, and non-communication may be read interchangeably.

[0130] In the present disclosure, frequency resources, time-frequency resources, resource elements (REs), resource blocks (RBs), resource block groups (RBGs), RB sets, subbands, BWPs, carriers, cells, and bands may be read interchangeably.

[0131] In the present disclosure, the terms time resource, symbol, slot, subslot, subframe, and radio frame may be interchangeable.

[0132] The application of each embodiment of the present disclosure may be determined for each band / cell / BWP.

[0133] (Wireless Communication Method) In the following, in each embodiment of the present disclosure, an "antenna port" will be described as an example, but in the present disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," and "receiving entity" may be read interchangeably.

[0134] In the present disclosure, the terms sensing antenna port, sensing antenna port, ISAC antenna port, and ISAC antenna port may be read interchangeably.

[0135] <First embodiment> (Analysis 1) In existing communication systems with only communication functions (e.g., NR), antenna ports are defined in logic, and there is no explicit relationship between the antenna ports and actual antennas / hardware.

[0136] Regarding polarization in existing communication systems, cross-polarization is defined as two ports.

[0137] Also, for panels in existing notification systems, in the case of a base station (BS) / UE with multiple panels (multi-panel), the panel / antenna port group is explicitly / implicitly defined for the transmitter / receiver.

[0138] In (existing / future) ISAC VA, transmit antennas / transmission groups / transmit antenna groups may be explicitly defined.

[0139] However, there is insufficient consideration on how to define antennas (transmitting antennas) / antenna groups to support ISAC MIMO schemes (eg, ISAC VA / ISAC MIMO transmission).

[0140] Therefore, in the first embodiment, the definition of the sensing antenna port will be explained below.

[0141] An antenna port for sensing (hereinafter referred to as a sensing antenna port) may be defined.

[0142] The sensing antenna port may be associated with the antenna.

[0143] The association may be, for example, an explicit association or an implicit association.

[0144] <<Embodiment 1-1>> A sensing antenna port may be associated with an antenna / antenna group.

[0145] The association may be, for example, an explicit association.

[0146] The association may be, for example, an association based on antenna hardware / antenna location.

[0147] The UE / BS may determine / decide on the association, for example, according to at least one of the following options 1-1-1 to 1-1-3.

[0148] [Option 1-1-1] The sensing antenna ports may be defined by polarization.

[0149] For example, an antenna with a first value of polarization (e.g., polarization index = 1) may be defined as a sensing antenna port with a first value / index (e.g., 0) (e.g., antenna port 0), and an antenna with a second value of polarization (e.g., polarization index = 2) may be defined as a sensing antenna port with a second value / index (e.g., 1).

[0150] The polarization may be, for example, linear polarization. The linear polarization may be, for example, X-polarization based on a first angle (e.g., +45°) and a second angle (e.g., −45°). In this case, the first angle may correspond to a first value of polarization and a first value / index (e.g., 0) of a sensing antenna port, and the second angle may correspond to a second value of polarization and a second value / index (e.g., 1) of a sensing antenna port.

[0151] Alternatively, the polarization may be, for example, circular polarization. In this case, right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) may correspond to a sensing antenna port with a first value / index (e.g., 0) (or a sensing antenna port with a second value / index (e.g., 1)), and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) may correspond to a polarization with a second value and a sensing antenna port with a second value / index (e.g., 1) (or a sensing antenna port with a first value / index (e.g., 0)).

[0152] Linear polarization may be used, for example, in a Terrestrial Network (TN).

[0153] Circular polarization may be used, for example, in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs), such as networks that use satellites.

[0154] Furthermore, the polarization may be, for example, a combination of linear polarization and circular polarization. In this case, for example, a first angle (e.g., +45°) may correspond to a sensing antenna port with a first value / index (e.g., 0), a second angle (e.g., −45°) may correspond to a polarization with a second value and a sensing antenna port with a second value / index (e.g., 1), RHCP may correspond to a sensing antenna port with a third value / index (e.g., 2), and LHCP may correspond to a polarization with a fourth value and a sensing antenna port with a second value / index (e.g., 3).

[0155] This method eliminates the need to instruct the UE / BS on whether to use linear or circular polarization, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0156] The above-mentioned measures are merely examples, and other measures may be adopted.

[0157] 11A is a diagram illustrating an example of antenna ports according to Option 1-1-1. In the example shown in FIG. 11A, on a single panel, an antenna with a +45° polarization corresponds to sensing antenna port 0 (shown in solid lines), and an antenna with a −45° polarization corresponds to sensing antenna port 1 (shown in dashed lines).

[0158] Option 1-1-1 allows for simple and clear definition of antenna ports, making implementation easier.

[0159] [Option 1-1-2] The sensing antenna port may be defined by the panel.

[0160] The association of the sensing antenna port may be, for example, the same association as that for the communication antenna port.

[0161] One or more panel / antenna port groups may correspond to one sensing antenna port (sensing antenna port index).

[0162] For example, a first panel / antenna port group (or a plurality of panels / antenna port groups) may correspond to a sensing antenna port with a first value / index (e.g., 0), and a second panel / antenna port group (or a plurality of panels / antenna port groups) may correspond to a sensing antenna port with a second value / index (e.g., 1).

[0163] The number (maximum number) of panels implemented for sensing may be defined. The number (maximum number) of panels may be, for example, four.

[0164] For example, a panel (panel antenna) with a first index (e.g., 0), a panel (panel antenna) with a second index (e.g., 1), a panel (panel antenna) with a third index (e.g., 2), and a panel (panel antenna) with a fourth index (e.g., 3) may correspond to a sensing antenna port with a first value / index (e.g., 0), a sensing antenna port with a second value / index (e.g., 1), a sensing antenna port with a third value / index (e.g., 2), and a sensing antenna port with a fourth value / index (e.g., 3), respectively.

[0165] For example, a panel (panel antenna) with a first index (e.g., 0) and a panel (panel antenna) with a second index (e.g., 1) may correspond to a sensing antenna port with a first value / index (e.g., 0), and a panel (panel antenna) with a third index (e.g., 2) and a panel (panel antenna) with a fourth index (e.g., 3) may correspond to a sensing antenna port with a second value / index (e.g., 1).

[0166] 11B is a diagram showing an example of antenna ports according to Option 1-1-2. In FIG. 11B, a multi-panel (panel 1 and panel 2) case is shown, where sensing antenna port 0 corresponds to panel 1 (panel 1 antenna) and sensing antenna port 1 corresponds to panel 2 (panel 2 antenna).

[0167] In addition, when the distance / spacing between the antennas on each panel is a and the distance / spacing between the antennas on adjacent panels is b, if a = b, the multi-panel may be defined as a uniform panel, and if a ≠ b, the multi-panel may be defined as a non-uniform panel.

[0168] According to Option 1-1-2, the definition of the sensing antenna port can be made easier by associating the panel with the sensing antenna port in the same way as the communication antenna port / antenna port group.

[0169] [Option 1-1-3] Sensing antenna ports may be defined by antennas / antenna groups (groupings).

[0170] [[Option 1-1-3-1]] The antenna grouping may be based on the antenna grouping in ISAC VA.

[0171] One antenna group may correspond to one sensing antenna port.

[0172] According to Option 1-1-3-1, existing antennas with half-wavelength distances / intervals, including existing UE / BS, can be used for ISAC VA, thereby reducing costs.

[0173] Fig. 12 is a diagram showing an example of antenna ports according to Option 1-1-3-1. In the example shown in Fig. 12, multiple antennas within a single panel are grouped into antenna groups 1 to 4, each consisting of four antennas.

[0174] In the example shown in Figure 12, the antennas in antenna group 1 correspond to sensing antenna port 0, the antennas in antenna group 2 correspond to sensing antenna port 1, the antennas in antenna group 3 correspond to sensing antenna port 2, and the antennas in antenna group 4 correspond to sensing antenna port 3.

[0175] [[Option 1-1-3-2]] One antenna may correspond to one sensing antenna port.

[0176] According to option 1-1-3-2, by using a definition similar to that of MIMO radar, for example, it is possible to reduce costs and facilitate implementation.

[0177] Fig. 13 is a diagram showing an example of antenna ports according to Option 1-1-3-2. In the example shown in Fig. 13, one sensing antenna port (sensing antenna ports 0 to 3) corresponds to each different antenna.

[0178] In addition, when the horizontal distance / spacing between antennas within one panel is A and the horizontal distance / spacing between antennas within one panel is B, A may be equal to B or A may not be equal to B.

[0179] At least two of the above options 1-1-1 to 1-1-3 may be combined.

[0180] The combination may be, for example, a combination of some polarizations / panels / antennas / antenna groups.

[0181] For example, for one polarization, the above options 1-1-2 and 1-1-3 may be combined, in which case, for example, the antenna of the first polarization on the first panel (panel 1) may correspond to the sensing antenna port with a first value / index (e.g., 0), and the antenna of the first polarization on the second panel (panel 2) may correspond to the sensing antenna port with a second value / index (e.g., 1).

[0182] Also, for example, Options 1-1-1 and 1-1-3 may be combined for one panel. In this case, for example, the antenna of the first polarization on the first panel (panel 1) may correspond to the sensing antenna port of a first value / index (e.g., 0), and the antenna of the second polarization on the first panel (panel 1) may correspond to the sensing antenna port of a second value / index (e.g., 1). Also, the antennas of the first and second polarizations on the second panel (panel 2) may correspond to the sensing antenna port of a third value / index (e.g., 2).

[0183] The above-mentioned measures are merely examples, and other measures may be adopted.

[0184] According to the above embodiment 1-1, it is possible to appropriately specify an antenna that is suitable for any sensing method (e.g., ISAC MIMO beamforming in both monostatic and bistatic sensing) and that achieves better estimation performance of ISAC VA.

[0185] <<Embodiment 1-2>> The sensing antenna port may be defined in logic.

[0186] An explicit association between the sensing antenna port and real hardware (e.g., antenna) may not be defined (see FIG. 14).

[0187] The antenna for each sensing antenna port may depend on the implementation of the UE / BS doing the sensing.

[0188] Embodiments 1-2 are particularly suitable for monostatic sensing without multi-BS / UE cooperation in the case of ISAC VA.

[0189] According to embodiment 1-2, it is possible to reduce the impact on specifications and to provide a configuration suitable for ISAC MIMO beamforming in both monostatic and bistatic sensing.

[0190] <<Embodiment 1-3>> The sensing antenna port does not have to be defined.

[0191] The BS / UE may reuse antenna ports for communication for sensing.

[0192] According to the first to third embodiments, the impact on specifications can be reduced, and the implementation of UE / BS can be facilitated.

[0193] According to the first embodiment described above, the sensing antenna port can be appropriately defined and used.

[0194] Second Embodiment (Analysis 2) The sensing antenna ports defined in the first embodiment can be used for MIMO transmission (including beamforming and VA generation).

[0195] The number of sensing antenna ports and the number of antennas on each port may vary based on sensing services / requirements, for example, based on at least one of sensing SNR, sensing range, angular resolution, and accuracy requirements.

[0196] In such a case, there has been insufficient consideration as to how to indicate / set the number of sensing antenna ports and the number of antennas per sensing antenna port.

[0197] Therefore, in the second embodiment, the instruction / setting of the sensing antenna port will be described below.

[0198] Information related to the sensing antenna ports of the BS / UE may be predefined.

[0199] Information related to the sensing antenna ports of the BS / UE may be semi-statically / dynamically instructed / configured to the UE / BS.

[0200] The BS / UE may determine / decide a sensing antenna port based on information related to the sensing antenna port and perform sensing using the determined sensing antenna port.

[0201] Information related to the sensing antenna ports of the BS / UE may be reported from the UE.

[0202] The information related to the sensing antenna ports may include, for example, at least one of the following information: - The number of sensing antenna ports; - The index of the sensing antenna port of the sensing station (e.g., BS / UE); - The definition / definition method of the sensing antenna port / antenna for each sensing antenna port.

[0203] The definition method of the sensing antenna port / antenna may include, for example, the number / position of the sensing antenna port / antenna.

[0204] The number of sensing antenna ports may indicate, for example, the number of sensing antenna ports that are actually used, the maximum number of sensing antenna ports that can be used, or both.

[0205] The index of the sensing antenna port may indicate, for example, the index of the sensing antenna port that is actually used, or may indicate a candidate index of a sensing antenna port that may be used, or may indicate both of them.

[0206] In the present disclosure, information related to a sensing antenna port, settings / instructions related to a sensing antenna port, and settings / instructions of information related to a sensing antenna port may be read interchangeably.

[0207] Information related to the sensing antenna port may be indicated using a specific interface / signaling.

[0208] For example, the UE may receive information related to the sensing antenna port from at least one of other UEs, a BS, and a specific network node (e.g., an LMF / SF (Sensing Function)) using the specific interface / signaling.

[0209] For example, the BS may receive information related to the sensing antenna port from at least one of other BSs, UEs, and specific network nodes (e.g., LMF / SF (Sensing Function)) using the specific interface / signaling.

[0210] The specific interface may be, for example, an Xn / X2 interface defined in an existing / future wireless communication system. The specific signaling may be, for example, specific signaling between BSs performing sensing. These interfaces / signaling may be used for, for example, at least one of monostatic BS sensing with BS cooperation, BS-to-BS bistatic sensing with BS cooperation, and BS-to-BS bistatic sensing without BS cooperation.

[0211] Furthermore, the specific interface may be, for example, a sidelink / PC5 interface. The specific signaling may be, for example, specific signaling between UEs performing sensing. These interfaces / signaling may be used for, for example, at least one of monostatic UE sensing with UE cooperation, UE-UE bistatic sensing with UE cooperation, and UE-UE bistatic sensing without UE cooperation.

[0212] Furthermore, the specific interface may be, for example, a Uu interface. The specific signaling may be, for example, specific signaling between a UE (e.g., a sensing UE) and a BS (e.g., a sensing BS). These interfaces / signaling may be used for, for example, UE-BS (e.g., from a UE to a BS or from a BS to a UE) bistatic sensing.

[0213] The specific signaling between the UE (e.g., sensing UE) and the BS (e.g., sensing BS) may be, for example, higher layer signaling (e.g., SIB / RRC / MAC CE), physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI / UCI), or a combination thereof.

[0214] The specific signaling may be, for example, F1-AP (Application Protocol) signaling from a DU (Distribution Unit) / CU (Central Unit), in which case IAB may be used for the signaling.

[0215] The specific signaling may be signaling related to the instruction / configuration of the LMF / SF.

[0216] The predefined / designated sensing antenna ports may be associated with sensing capabilities.

[0217] The settings / instructions related to the sensing antenna port may be reconfigured by, for example, a BS (e.g., a sensing BS) / LMF / SF, or updated / reported by, for example, a UE (e.g., a sensing UE).

[0218] The reconfiguration / updating / reporting of the settings / instructions related to the sensing antenna port may be based on, for example, the service / requirements / coverage area / reception quality (e.g., SNR / SINR) related to sensing.

[0219] The number / index of sensing antenna ports for each sensing station (eg, BS / UE) may be determined based on, for example, the service / requirements / coverage area / reception quality for sensing.

[0220] The number of antennas for each sensing antenna port may be determined based on, for example, the number of antenna ports (required number) / reception quality.

[0221] For example, different time-frequency resources / antenna ports may be used for multiple sensing services corresponding to different sensing requirements, and the UE / BS may determine the time-frequency resources / antenna ports based on the sensing services corresponding to the sensing requirements.

[0222] For example, two antenna ports may be used for two sensing services.

[0223] For example, a first sensing antenna port may be used for a first service, such as intruder detection, and the first sensing antenna port may be an antenna port with a first value / index (e.g., 0) and may be used for beam sweeping.

[0224] For example, a second sensing antenna port may be used for a second service, such as localization and tracking, and the second sensing antenna port may be, for example, an antenna port with a second value / index (e.g., 1), and may be used for beamforming.

[0225] Also, for example, multiple sensing antenna ports may be used for multiple sensing areas, and the UE / BS may determine the sensing antenna ports based on the sensing areas.

[0226] For example, two sensing antenna ports may be utilized for two separate sensing areas, such as a first sensing antenna port (e.g., an antenna port with a first value / index (e.g., 0)) utilized for a first sensing area and a second sensing antenna port (e.g., an antenna port with a second value / index (e.g., 1)) utilized for a second sensing area.

[0227] For example, one sensing antenna port may be used for one sensing area, and in this case, for example, multiple (e.g., all) antennas of the sensing antenna port may be used.

[0228] 15A is a diagram illustrating an example of use of antenna ports according to the second embodiment. In the example illustrated in FIG. 15A, sensing antenna port 0 is used for sensing area 1, and sensing antenna port 1 is used for sensing area 2.

[0229] Fig. 15B is a diagram showing another example of use of antenna ports according to the second embodiment. In the example shown in Fig. 15B, one sensing antenna port 0 is used for one sensing area.

[0230] Also, for example, the number of antennas for a sensing antenna port may be determined based on reception quality (for example, SNR / SINR) related to sensing.

[0231] For example, if the reception quality (SNR / SINR) is higher than a certain threshold (e.g., in the case of a relatively small sensing area), one sensing antenna port may include fewer antennas than a certain threshold, since more antennas can produce better angular resolution.

[0232] For example, if the reception quality (SNR / SINR) is lower than a certain threshold (e.g., in the case of a relatively large sensing area (more than a certain threshold)), one sensing antenna port may include more antennas than a certain threshold. By configuring in this way, sensing with high beamforming gain can be performed.

[0233] 16A and 16B are diagrams illustrating another example of antenna port usage according to the second embodiment. In the example shown in Fig. 16A, 12 antennas in one antenna port are used for sensing targets with a relatively low SNR. Meanwhile, in the example shown in Fig. 16B, 4 antennas in one antenna port are used for sensing targets with a relatively high SNR.

[0234] Information regarding sensing services / requirements / sensing areas may be sent from a specific server / network node (e.g., LMF / SF).

[0235] Information regarding reception quality (e.g., SNR / SINR) for sensing may be measured via a specific reference signal or may be determined based on the sensing area (e.g., radius of the area and / or whether it is indoor / outdoor sensing).

[0236] Reconfiguration (e.g., reconfiguration by a BS / network node (e.g., LMF / SF)) / update / reporting (e.g., reporting by a UE) of settings / instructions related to the sensing antenna port may be performed using specific signaling described in this embodiment.

[0237] The UE may report updated sensing antenna port related configurations based on certain conditions.

[0238] The UE may also send a request for an update of the configuration related to the sensing antenna port based on certain conditions.

[0239] The specific condition (trigger condition) may be defined in advance in a specification, or may be set / indicated to the UE using higher layer signaling (SIB / RRC / MAC CE) / physical layer signaling (DCI). The setting / indication may be performed, for example, when the UE supports (or reports its support for) a report / request based on the trigger condition.

[0240] The specific conditions may be defined / set / instructed based on, for example, sensing-related services / requirements / coverage area / reception quality (e.g., SNR / SINR).

[0241] Regarding the resetting / updating / reporting of information related to sensing antenna ports, the resetting / updating / reporting of information related to some (partial) sensing antenna ports may be permitted.

[0242] The UE / BS may assume that the remaining information is unchanged if it is not reset / updated / reported. The UE / BS may maintain the settings / indications of the information before the reset / updated / reported for the remaining information.

[0243] According to the second embodiment, it is possible to appropriately set / instruct the sensing antenna port.

[0244] Third Embodiment (Analysis 3) To realize ISAC VA, orthogonal signals are required for multiple sensing antenna ports.

[0245] Furthermore, to achieve ISAC MIMO beamforming, orthogonal signals are not required for multiple sensing antenna ports (using the same signal is sufficient).

[0246] As such, there has been insufficient consideration of how to allocate resources and generate signals to multiple sensing antenna ports in different ISAC MIMO schemes.

[0247] Therefore, in the third embodiment, resources / signals for the sensing antenna port will be described below.

[0248] Allocated resources (which may be simply referred to as resources) / sensing signals (which may be simply referred to as signals) for multiple sensing antenna ports in an ISAC system may be determined based on an ISAC MIMO scheme.

[0249] In the present disclosure, the ISAC MIMO scheme, the sensing scheme, the ISAC scheme, the ISAC MIMO-related scheme, the sensing-related scheme, and the ISAC-related scheme may be read interchangeably.

[0250] The information about the sensing scheme may be configured / instructed to the UE / BS using the specific interface / signaling described in the second embodiment. The UE / BS may determine the sensing scheme to use based on the configuration / instruction by the information about the sensing scheme.

[0251] The UE / BS may determine the resources / signals / sequences corresponding to the multiple sensing antenna ports based on the information about the sensing scheme.

[0252] The UE / BS may also determine which sensing scheme to use based on specific conditions, which may be predefined in a specification or may be configured / instructed to the UE / BS using a specific interface / signaling as described in the second embodiment.

[0253] <<Embodiment 3-1>> For example, when the sensing scheme is a first scheme (for example, ISAC MIMO beam homing scheme), at least one of the same resource and signal / sequence may be allocated to a plurality of sensing antenna ports.

[0254] The resources may include, for example, time / frequency resources for sensing.

[0255] The signal / sequence may include, for example, at least one of a specific reference signal (e.g., PRS / SRS / CSI-RS / SSB) and a new signal / sequence (e.g., a specific chirp sequence / waveform).

[0256] 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of resources for a plurality of sensing antenna ports according to embodiment 3-1. In the example illustrated in FIG. 17, sensing antenna port 0 and sensing antenna port 1 are assigned to the same time / frequency resource.

[0257] In the example shown in Figure 17, sensing beam / precoder 0 is used for the signal corresponding to sensing antenna port 0, and sensing beam / precoder 1 is used for the signal corresponding to sensing antenna port 1.

[0258] <<Embodiment 3-2>> For example, when the sensing scheme is the second scheme (e.g., the ISAC VA scheme), at least one of orthogonal (different) resources and signals / sequences may be assigned to multiple sensing antenna ports.

[0259] The resources may include, for example, time / frequency resources for sensing.

[0260] The signal / sequence may include, for example, at least one of a specific reference signal (e.g., PRS / SRS / CSI-RS / SSB) and a new signal / sequence (e.g., a specific chirp sequence / waveform).

[0261] [Embodiment 3-2-1] Orthogonal (different) time / frequency resources may be allocated to different sensing antenna ports.

[0262] For example, resources for the first sensing antenna port (port 0) and resources for the second sensing antenna port (port 1) may be frequency division multiplexed (FDM) (see FIG. 18A).

[0263] For example, resources for the first sensing antenna port (port 0) and resources for the second sensing antenna port (port 1) may be time division multiplexed (TDM) (see FIG. 18B).

[0264] Although FIGS. 18A and 18B show the cases where each resource is FDM'd and the cases where each resource is TDM'd, each resource may be both FDM'd and TDM'd.

[0265] According to embodiment 3-2-1, resource allocation for sensing estimation can be simplified.

[0266] [Embodiment 3-2-2] Orthogonal (different) signals / sequences (sequences of signals) may be assigned to different sensing antenna ports.

[0267] In other words, the signals for different sensing antenna ports may be signals having code division orthogonality.

[0268] For example, different RS ports of a particular RS (e.g., PRS / SRS / CSI-RS) may be assigned to different sensing antenna ports, and the different RS ports may be orthogonal to each other.

[0269] 19A is a diagram illustrating an example of signal allocation to sensing antenna ports according to embodiment 3-2-2. In the example illustrated in Fig. 19A, for different RS ports (RS ports 0 and 1), RS port 0 corresponds to sensing antenna port 0, and RS port 1 corresponds to sensing antenna port 1, and VAs are generated.

[0270] Orthogonal chirp sequences may also be assigned to different sensing antenna ports.

[0271] 19B is a diagram illustrating another example of signal assignment to sensing antenna ports according to embodiment 3-2-2. In the example shown in FIG. 19B, VA is generated for different chirp waveforms (chirps 0 and 1), with chirp 0 corresponding to sensing antenna port 0 and chirp 1 corresponding to sensing antenna port 1.

[0272] Also, specific codes (eg, orthogonal cover codes / cyclic shifts) may be assigned to different sensing antenna ports.

[0273] In addition, the resources / signals / sequences for each sensing antenna port in embodiment 3-2 may be configured / instructed to the UE / BS using the specific interface / signaling described in the second embodiment above.

[0274] This setting / instruction may be set / instructed in common with the setting / instruction regarding the sensing antenna port described in the second embodiment above, or may be set / instructed separately from the setting / instruction regarding the sensing antenna port described in the second embodiment above.

[0275] Furthermore, the setting / instruction may be set / instructed together with the setting / instruction of sensing resources (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols / slots) / frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers / resource blocks / resource block groups) for sensing), or may be set / instructed separately from the setting / instruction of sensing resources.

[0276] According to the third embodiment described above, it is possible to appropriately allocate sensing antenna port resources / signals / sequences to a plurality of sensing antenna ports.

[0277] Fourth Embodiment In the ISAC system, it is being considered that communication resources and sensing resources are multiplexed in the time domain, frequency domain, space domain, power domain, and code domain.

[0278] However, there has been insufficient consideration of the details of multiplexing methods in the spatial domain, particularly between communication resources and sensing resources.

[0279] Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, the allocation of antenna ports for communication and antenna ports for sensing will be described below.

[0280] Antenna ports for communication / sensing may be predefined.

[0281] Antenna ports for communication / sensing may be allocated semi-statically / dynamically (explicitly / implicitly).

[0282] <<Embodiment 4-1>> Antenna ports for communication and sensing (general antenna ports) may be defined.

[0283] The communication and sensing antenna ports may be antenna ports that can be used for both communication and sensing.

[0284] For example, a communication and sensing antenna port may be used for sensing and communication without explicitly defining a sensing antenna port.

[0285] The communication and sensing antenna ports may be configured / instructed to the UE / BS using, for example, the specific interface / signaling described in the second embodiment above.

[0286] The UE / BS may determine whether to use multiple communication and sensing antenna ports for communication and sensing based on communication traffic load / sensing requirements.

[0287] For example, when the communication traffic load is higher than a certain threshold, multiple specific antenna ports (e.g., antenna ports 0 to 11) may be used for communication, and multiple other antenna ports (e.g., antenna ports 12 to 15) may be used for sensing.

[0288] For example, if the sensing requirements are higher than a certain threshold, multiple specific antenna ports (e.g., antenna ports 0 to 3) may be used for communication, and multiple other antenna ports (e.g., antenna ports 4 to 15) may be used for sensing.

[0289] The embodiment 4-1 is particularly suitable for the case where the same antenna design is used for sensing and communication.

[0290] According to embodiment 4-1, it is possible to design antenna ports simply and flexibly.

[0291] Embodiment 4-2 A sensing antenna port and a communication antenna port may be defined separately.

[0292] The UE / BS does not need to assume dynamic allocation / switching / adjustment of antenna ports for sensing and antenna ports for communication.

[0293] When a sensing antenna is designed / configured, the UE / BS may assume that the antenna port corresponding to the sensing antenna will not be used for communication.

[0294] According to embodiment 4-2, antenna ports can be appropriately utilized in an ISAC scenario where different antenna designs are used for sensing and communication.

[0295] <Supplementary Information> [Notification of Information to UE] In the above-described embodiments, any information may be notified to the UE (from a network (NW) (e.g., a base station (BS))) (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0296] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0297] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0298] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0299] [Notification of Information from UE] In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0300] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0301] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0302] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0303] [Application of Each Embodiment] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when a specific condition is met. The specific condition may be defined in a standard or may be notified to a UE / BS using higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0304] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs / BSs that have reported or support a particular UE capability / BS capability.

[0305] The specific UE / BS capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting specific processing / operations / control / information for at least one of the above embodiments; - Supporting ISAC operation; - Supporting sensing; - Supporting sensing MIMO transmission; - Supporting ISAC MIMO transmission; - Supporting association between antennas and sensing antenna ports; - Supporting signal generation for multiple sensing antenna ports; - Supporting dynamic allocation / switching between sensing and communication antenna ports.

[0306] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0307] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0308] Furthermore, at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when the UE configures / activates / triggers specific information related to the above-described embodiment (or performs the operations of the above-described embodiment) through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be information indicating that ISAC is enabled, any RRC parameter for a specific release (e.g., Rel. 18 / 19 or later), etc.

[0309] If the UE does not support at least one of the specific UE capabilities or is not configured with the specific information, the UE may apply, for example, Rel. 15 / 16 behavior.

[0310] (Appendix A) The following inventions are appended to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Appendix A-1] A terminal having a receiver that receives information related to a sensing antenna port, and a controller that determines, based on the information, a sensing antenna port to be associated with an antenna or an antenna group. [Appendix A-2] The terminal according to Appendix A-1, wherein the sensing antenna port is associated with the antenna or the antenna group based on at least one of polarization and a panel. [Appendix A-3] The terminal according to Appendix A-1 or A-2, wherein the information related to the sensing antenna port includes at least one of information on the number of sensing antenna ports, information on an index of the sensing antenna port, and information on a definition of the sensing antenna port. [Appendix A-4] The terminal according to any one of Appendix A-1 to A-3, wherein the sensing antenna port is determined from an antenna port common to a communication antenna port, or determined from an antenna port different from the communication antenna port.

[0311] (Appendix B) The following inventions are appended with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Appendix B-1] A base station having a receiver that receives information related to a sensing antenna port, and a controller that determines, based on the information, a sensing antenna port to be associated with an antenna or an antenna group. [Appendix B-2] The base station according to Appendix B-1, wherein the sensing antenna port is associated with the antenna or the antenna group based on at least one of polarization and a panel. [Appendix B-3] The base station according to Appendix B-1 or B-2, wherein the information related to the sensing antenna port includes at least one of information regarding the number of sensing antenna ports, information regarding an index of the sensing antenna port, and information regarding a definition of the sensing antenna port. [Appendix B-4] The base station according to any one of Appendix B-1 to B-3, wherein the sensing antenna port is determined from an antenna port that is common to a communication antenna port. [Supplementary Note B-5] The base station according to any one of Supplementary Note B-1 to Supplementary Note B-4, wherein the sensing antenna port is determined from an antenna port different from a communication antenna port.

[0312] (Appendix C) The following inventions are appended to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Appendix C-1] A terminal having a receiver that receives information related to a sensing scheme, and a controller that determines, based on the information, a sensing scheme to be used for sensing and at least one of resources and signals corresponding to a plurality of sensing antenna ports. [Appendix C-2] The terminal according to Appendix C-1, wherein, if the sensing scheme is a first sensing scheme, the controller determines that the same time and frequency resources are assigned to the plurality of sensing antenna ports. [Appendix C-3] The terminal according to Appendix C-1 or Appendix C-2, wherein, if the sensing scheme is a second sensing scheme, the controller determines that at least one of different time resources and different frequency resources are assigned to the plurality of sensing antenna ports. [Appendix C-4] The terminal according to any of Appendix C-1 to Appendix C-3, wherein, if the sensing scheme is the second sensing scheme, the controller determines that different signal sequences are assigned to the plurality of sensing antenna ports.

[0313] (Appendix D) The following inventions are appended to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Appendix D-1] A base station having a receiver that receives information related to a sensing scheme, and a controller that determines, based on the information, a sensing scheme to be used for sensing and at least one of resources and signals corresponding to a plurality of sensing antenna ports. [Appendix D-2] The base station according to Appendix D-1, wherein, if the sensing scheme is a first sensing scheme, the controller determines that the same time and frequency resources are assigned to the plurality of sensing antenna ports. [Appendix D-3] The base station according to Appendix D-1 or Appendix D-2, wherein, if the sensing scheme is a second sensing scheme, the controller determines that at least one of different time resources and different frequency resources are assigned to the plurality of sensing antenna ports. [Appendix D-4] The base station according to any of Appendix D-1 to Appendix D-3, wherein, if the sensing scheme is the second sensing scheme, the controller determines that different signal sequences are assigned to the plurality of sensing antenna ports. [Appendix D-5] When the sensing scheme is a second sensing scheme, the control unit determines that different reference signal ports or different chirp waveforms correspond to the multiple sensing antenna ports. A base station according to any one of Appendices D-1 to D-4.

[0314] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0315] 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0316] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0317] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0318] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0319] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The locations and numbers of the cells and user terminals 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0320] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0321] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0322] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0323] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0324] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0325] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0326] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0327] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0328] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0329] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0330] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0331] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0332] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0333] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0334] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0335] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0336] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0337] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0338] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0339] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0340] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0341] 21 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0342] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0343] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0344] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0345] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0346] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0347] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0348] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0349] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0350] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0351] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0352] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0353] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0354] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0355] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0356] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0357] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0358] The transceiver 120 may transmit information related to the sensing antenna port, and the controller 110 may use the information to indicate the sensing antenna port associated with the antenna or antenna group (first and second embodiments).

[0359] The transceiver 120 may receive information related to the sensing antenna port, and the controller 110 may determine the sensing antenna port associated with the antenna or antenna group based on the information (first and second embodiments).

[0360] The sensing antenna port may be associated with the antenna or the antenna group based on at least one of polarization and panel (first embodiment).

[0361] The information related to the sensing antenna port may include at least one of information regarding the number of sensing antenna ports, information regarding the index of the sensing antenna port, and information regarding the definition of the sensing antenna port (second embodiment).

[0362] The sensing antenna port may be determined from an antenna port that is common to the communication antenna port (fourth embodiment).

[0363] The sensing antenna port may be determined from an antenna port other than the communication antenna port (fourth embodiment).

[0364] The transceiver 120 may transmit information regarding the sensing scheme, and the controller 110 may use the information to indicate the sensing scheme to be used for sensing and at least one of the resources and signals corresponding to the multiple sensing antenna ports (third embodiment).

[0365] The transceiver 120 may receive information about a sensing scheme, and the controller 110 may determine, based on the information, a sensing scheme to be used for sensing and at least one of resources and signals corresponding to a plurality of sensing antenna ports (third embodiment).

[0366] If the sensing scheme is the first sensing scheme, the controller 110 may determine that the same time and frequency resources are allocated to the plurality of sensing antenna ports (third embodiment).

[0367] If the sensing scheme is the second sensing scheme, the controller 110 may determine that at least one of different time resources and different frequency resources are allocated to the plurality of sensing antenna ports (third embodiment).

[0368] If the sensing scheme is the second sensing scheme, the control unit 110 may determine that different signal sequences are assigned to the plurality of sensing antenna ports (third embodiment).

[0369] If the sensing scheme is the second sensing scheme, the controller 110 may determine that different reference signal ports or different chirp waveforms correspond to the plurality of sensing antenna ports (third embodiment).

[0370] (User terminal) Fig. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0371] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0372] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0373] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0374] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0375] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0376] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0377] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0378] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0379] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0380] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0381] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0382] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0383] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0384] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0385] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0386] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0387] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0388] The transceiver 220 may receive information related to the sensing antenna port, and the controller 210 may determine the sensing antenna port associated with the antenna or antenna group based on the information (first and second embodiments).

[0389] The sensing antenna port may be associated with the antenna or the antenna group based on at least one of polarization and panel (first embodiment).

[0390] The information related to the sensing antenna port may include at least one of information regarding the number of sensing antenna ports, information regarding the index of the sensing antenna port, and information regarding the definition of the sensing antenna port (second embodiment).

[0391] The sensing antenna port may be determined from an antenna port that is common to the communication antenna port (fourth embodiment).

[0392] The sensing antenna port may be determined from an antenna port other than the communication antenna port (fourth embodiment).

[0393] The transceiver 220 may receive information about a sensing scheme, and the controller 210 may determine, based on the information, a sensing scheme to be used for sensing and at least one of resources and signals corresponding to a plurality of sensing antenna ports (third embodiment).

[0394] If the sensing scheme is the first sensing scheme, the controller 210 may determine that the same time and frequency resources are allocated to the plurality of sensing antenna ports (third embodiment).

[0395] If the sensing scheme is the second sensing scheme, the controller 210 may determine that at least one of different time resources and different frequency resources are allocated to the plurality of sensing antenna ports (third embodiment).

[0396] If the sensing scheme is the second sensing scheme, the control unit 210 may determine that different signal sequences are assigned to the plurality of sensing antenna ports (third embodiment).

[0397] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0398] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0399] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0400] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0401] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0402] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0403] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0404] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0405] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0406] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0407] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0408] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0409] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0410] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0411] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0412] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0413] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0414] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0415] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0416] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0417] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0418] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0419] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0420] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0421] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0422] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0423] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0424] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0425] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0426] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0427] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0428] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0429] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0430] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0431] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0432] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0433] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0434] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0435] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0436] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0437] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0438] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0439] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0440] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0441] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0442] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0443] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0444] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0445] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0446] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0447] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0448] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0449] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0450] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0451] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0452] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0453] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0454] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0455] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0456] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0457] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0458] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0459] 24 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0460] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0461] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0462] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0463] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0464] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0465] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0466] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0467] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0468] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0469] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0470] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0471] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0472] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0473] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0474] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0475] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0476] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0477] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0478] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0479] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0480] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0481] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0482] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...." "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (e.g., if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0483] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0484] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0485] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0486] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0487] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0488] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0489] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0490] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0491] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0492] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0493] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that receives information regarding a sensing scheme; and a control unit that determines, based on the information, a sensing scheme to be used for sensing and at least one of resources and signals corresponding to multiple sensing antenna ports.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein when the sensing scheme is a first sensing scheme, the control unit determines that the same time and frequency resources are allocated to the multiple sensing antenna ports.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein when the sensing scheme is a second sensing scheme, the control unit determines that at least one of different time resources and different frequency resources are assigned to the multiple sensing antenna ports.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, when the sensing scheme is a second sensing scheme, the control unit determines that different signal sequences are assigned to the multiple sensing antenna ports.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: a step of receiving information regarding a sensing scheme; and a step of determining, based on the information, a sensing scheme to be used for sensing and at least one of resources and signals corresponding to multiple sensing antenna ports.

6. A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits information regarding a sensing scheme, and a control unit that uses the information to indicate a sensing scheme to be used for sensing and at least one of resources and signals corresponding to multiple sensing antenna ports.

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