Fuel briquette

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of solid fuel briquettes based on carbonaceous materials, which are suitable for domestic use for the independent, environmentally clean and economical heating of living and service spaces, as well as for cooking food on braziers, grills and barbecues. The technical result, which consists in providing environmental benefits and mitigating weed infestation of fertile land, is achieved by means of a fuel briquette containing a pre-ground carbonaceous filler and a biomass, wherein the biomass is comprised of ground, compacted and dried Sosnowsky's hogweed plants, and the briquette is dried and compacted to remove liquid content.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0002] FUEL BRIQUETTE

[0003] The invention relates to the field of solid fuel briquettes based on carbon-containing materials, in particular to fuel briquettes used in domestic conditions for autonomous, environmentally friendly and economical heating of residential and utility rooms, greenhouses and hotbeds, especially in areas without natural fuels (firewood, coal, peat, etc.), for fireplaces, camp stoves, samovars and for heating railway cars, temporary housing for workers and military personnel, as well as cooking food in barbecues, grills and shashlik makers.

[0004] A fuel briquette is known according to the Russian Federation patent 237832, published on 10.01.2010, containing crushed charcoal with a particle size of 0.05 to 5 mm, water and a binder selected from starch, carboxylmethylcellulose, or sodium hydrosilicate or sapropel in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Starch from 4 to 8, or Carboxylmethylcellulose from 4 to 8, or sodium hydrosilicate from 2 to 5, or sapropel from 2 to 10, water less than 3, crushed charcoal the rest up to 100, and the density of the fuel briquette is from 500 to 900 kg / m3.

[0005] The main disadvantages of such fuel briquettes include the complexity of manufacturing briquettes and preparing components for their manufacture, as well as their high cost and the need to deliver the binders used to the place of manufacture.

[0006] The technical results that the invention is aimed at obtaining are the use of a widely distributed local resource, Sosnowsky's hogweed, as a binder for fuel briquettes, which has not previously been used for these purposes, as well as resource conservation, improvement of the environment and the cessation of contamination of fertile soils due to the colossal spread of Sosnowsky's hogweed on the territory of the Russian Federation.

[0007] The technical result is achieved in a fuel briquette containing pre-mixed ground carbon-containing filler and biomass from ground Sosnowsky's hogweed plants (whole plants, including leaves, stems and flowers), used as a binder, pressed with the removal of the liquid component and dried.

[0008] Sosnowsky's hogweed (BS) (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden) is a large herbaceous plant of the umbrella family (Apiaceae). In the mid-20th century, it was widely introduced into the fields of the European part of the USSR and Eastern Europe as a forage crop. Due to its ability to self-seeding, at the end of the 20th century

[0009] 1

[0010] SUBSTITUTE LEAF (RULE 26) has begun to spread rapidly beyond the lands where it was cultivated. All parts of the plant contain furocoumarins, substances that, when they come into contact with the skin, sharply increase its sensitivity to ultraviolet light. Damage from the sap and pollen of the plant can occur not only when unprotected skin comes into contact with it, but also through clothing. The plants are easily identified by their enormous size, often 3-5 m high. The leaves are 1 m or more wide. They are divided and sharply pointed with soft hairs on the underside. The rigid hollow stem has a diameter of at least 10 cm. It is furrowed and green with dark reddish-purple spots. The leaf stems are marked so that each spot has a bristle that emits juice when broken.

[0011] Hogweed, recognized as a weed, is rapidly taking over large areas of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Western Europe, while in Western Europe there are government and public programs to destroy it without any disposal.

[0012] Hogweed is distinguished by its high productivity - up to 250 tons per hectare. The combination of three factors - high productivity, the ability to bind components of fuel briquettes and cost-free extraction (destruction of harmful weeds) - make hogweed a unique plant for the production of fuel briquettes.

[0013] It is preferable to use ground charcoal of 10-20 microns fraction as a carbon-containing filler.

[0014] It is preferable to use Sosnowsky's hogweed plants (whole plants, including leaves, stems and flowers) in ground form with a solid particle size of 10-20 microns.

[0015] It is preferable to add wood ash to the composition of mixed carbon-containing filler and biomass.

[0016] It is preferable to use aspen wood ash as wood ash.

[0017] It is preferable to use biomass from ground Sosnowsky's hogweed plants (whole plants, including leaves, stems and flowers) in the amount of 2 wt.% in the composition of fuel briquettes.

[0018] It is preferable to use aspen ash in the composition of fuel briquettes in an amount of 0.5% by weight.

[0019] It is preferable to produce a fuel briquette pressed using a hydraulic press and a mold with a cylindrical opening and with the possibility of removing the liquid fraction.

[0020] It is preferable to make the fuel briquette cylindrical with a height of 60 mm and a diameter of 30-36 mm.

[0021] It is preferable to produce fuel briquettes by pressing them in a 300-500 ton hydraulic press.

[0022] 2

[0023] SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) It is preferable to make the fuel briquette dried in a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 50°C for 4-5 hours.

[0024] The invention is implemented in a fuel briquette made cylindrical with a height of 60 mm and a diameter of 30-36 mm containing, pre-mixed, ground charcoal, biomass from ground Sosnowsky's hogweed plants (whole plants, including leaves, stems and flowers), used as a binder and aspen ash in an amount of May. 0.5%, pressed with the removal of the liquid component and dried in a vacuum chamber. The briquette retains its shape during transportation and burns flameless combustion for 4 hours.

[0025] The fuel briquette is made by pre-mixing ground charcoal and biomass from ground Sosnowsky's hogweed plants (whole plants, including leaves, stems and flowers), then pressed in a hydraulic press with the liquid component removed and then dried in a vacuum chamber at 50°C for 4-5 hours, after which it is ready for use. The fuel briquette is ignited from one of the bases and burns for 4 hours with flameless combustion.

[0026] Thus, the technical result is achieved. The novelty and inventive level of the invention consist in the fact that a widely distributed local resource, Sosnowsky's hogweed, which has not been previously used for these purposes, is included as a binder in the composition of fuel briquettes, and this also ensures resource conservation, improved ecology and the cessation of contamination of fertile soils due to the colossal spread of Sosnowsky's hogweed on the territory of the Russian Federation.

[0027] SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

INVENTION FORMULA FUEL BRIQUETTE 1. A fuel briquette containing a pre-mixed ground carbon-containing filler and a binder, characterized in that the binder used is biomass from ground Sosnowsky's hogweed plants (whole plants, including leaves, stems and flowers), and the briquette is pressed with the removal of the liquid component and dried.

2. A fuel briquette according to item 1, characterized in that it is made dried in a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 50°C for 4-5 hours.

3. A fuel briquette according to claim 1, characterized in that ground charcoal of a fraction of 10-20 microns is used as a carbon-containing filler.

4. A fuel briquette according to paragraph 1, characterized in that Sosnowsky's hogweed plants (whole plants, including leaves, stems and flowers) are used in ground form with a solid particle size of 10-20 microns.

5. A fuel briquette according to claim 1, characterized in that wood ash is added to the mixture of carbon-containing filler and biomass.

6. A fuel briquette according to paragraph 5, characterized in that aspen wood ash is added as wood ash.

7. A fuel briquette according to paragraph 4, characterized in that the fuel briquette contains biomass from ground Sosnowsky's hogweed plants (whole plants, including leaves, stems and flowers) in an amount of 2 May %.

8. A fuel briquette according to item 6, characterized in that the fuel briquette contains aspen ash in an amount of 0.5% by weight.

9. A fuel briquette according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is made pressed using a hydraulic press and a mold with a cylindrical opening and with the possibility of removing the liquid fraction.

10. A fuel briquette according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is made cylindrical with a height of 60 mm and a diameter of 30-36 mm.

11. A fuel briquette according to paragraph 9, characterized in that it is made pressed using a 300-500 ton hydraulic press. 4 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)