Imaging systems with side incident and surface incident imaging arrangements and corresponding operation methods
The described imaging system addresses the challenge of combining side and surface incident radiation images by using a stack of parallel radiation absorption layers in the first detector and a single layer in the second detector, resulting in improved spatial resolution and reduced electronics interference.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/111388
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing imaging systems using radiation detectors struggle to effectively capture detailed images of objects by combining side incident and surface incident radiation imaging arrangements, often resulting in images with inconsistent spatial resolution and interference from electronics layers.
The system comprises a first radiation detector with a stack of parallel radiation absorption layers and a second radiation detector with a single radiation absorption layer, both equipped with sensing elements and electrodes. The detectors are arranged such that the first detector captures a side incident image, and the second detector captures a surface incident image, which are then combined to generate a final image with improved resolution.
This configuration allows for the generation of a final image with enhanced spatial resolution by combining the side and surface incident images, while minimizing interference from the electronics layers, thus improving the overall imaging quality.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023111388_13022025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
IMAGING SYSTEMS WITH SIDE INCIDENT AND SURFACE INCIDENT IMAGING ARRANGEMENTS AND CORRESPONDING OPERATION METHODSBackground
[0001] A radiation detector is a device that measures a property of a radiation. Examples of the property may include a spatial distribution of the intensity, phase, and polarization of the radiation. The radiation measured by the radiation detector may be a radiation that has transmitted through an object. The radiation measured by the radiation detector may be electromagnetic radiation such as infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-ray, or γ-ray. The radiation may be of other types such as α-rays and β-rays. An imaging system may include one or more radiation detectors.Summary
[0002] Disclosed herein is a system, comprising: a first radiation detector with a stack of mutually parallel radiation absorption layers (i) , i=1, …, M, with M being a positive integer, and a second radiation detector with a radiation absorption layer. The radiation absorption layer of the second radiation detector comprises multiple sensing elements. A reference plane is a best-fit plane of the multiple sensing elements. For each value of i, the radiation absorption layer (i) of the first radiation detector comprises sensing elements (i, j, k) , j=1, …, N, and k=1, …, P, with N and P being positive integers. In an embodiment, M, N, P may be greater than 1. For each value of i, the first radiation detector comprises a common electrode (i) for all the sensing elements (i, j, k) , j=1, …, N, and k=1, …, P. For each value combination of i, j, and k, the first radiation detector comprises an individual electrode (i, j, k) for the sensing element (i, j, k) . For each value of i, there is a plane (i) perpendicular to the reference plane such that the plane (i) completely separates the common electrode (i) from all the individual electrodes (i, j, k) , j=1, …, N, and k=1, …, P of the radiation absorption layer (i) . A straight line perpendicular to the reference plane intersects both the first radiation detector and the second radiation detector.
[0003] In an aspect, the individual electrodes (i, j, k) , i=1, …, M, j=1, …, N, and k=1, …, P are perpendicular to the reference plane.
[0004] In an aspect, the common electrodes (i) , i=1, …, M are perpendicular to the reference plane.
[0005] In an aspect, P>1, and for each value combination of i and j, a straight line perpendicular to the reference plane intersects all the sensing elements (i, j, k) , k=1, …, P.
[0006] In an aspect, the system further comprises a radiation source, and the first radiation detector is positioned between the radiation source and the second radiation detector.
[0007] In an aspect, any straight line intersecting the radiation source, the stack of the first radiation detector, and the radiation absorption layer of the second radiation detector does not intersect an electronics layer of the first radiation detector.
[0008] In an aspect, the electronics layer of the first radiation detector comprises an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) chip for processing signals generated in all the sensing elements (i, j, k) , i=1, …, M; j=1, …, N; and k=1, …, P.
[0009] In an aspect, the electronics layer of the first radiation detector comprises, for each value of i, an ASIC chip (i) for processing signals generated in the sensing elements (i, j, k) , j=1, …, N and k=1, …, P.
[0010] In an aspect, the electronics layer of the first radiation detector comprises at least an ASIC chip for processing signals generated in multiple radiation absorption layers of the radiation absorption layers (i) , i=1, …, M.
[0011] In an aspect, the radiation absorption layers (i) , i=1, …, M of the first radiation detector comprise a first semiconductor material. The radiation absorption layer of the second radiation detector comprises a second semiconductor material. The first semiconductor material has a higher attenuation coefficient for X-rays in a first energy range than the second semiconductor material. The second semiconductor material has a higher attenuation coefficient for X-rays in a second energy range than the first semiconductor material. The first energy range does not overlap and is lower than the second energy range.
[0012] In an aspect, the first semiconductor material comprises silicon, and the second semiconductor material comprises a III-V semiconductor.
[0013] In an aspect, the III-V semiconductor is cadmium telluride (CdTe) .
[0014] In an aspect, the first radiation detector is configured to capture a first image of an object based on an interaction between a radiation beam and the object; the second radiation detector is configured to capture a second image of the object based on an interaction between the radiation beam and a combination of the object and the first radiation detector; and the system is configured to generate a final image of the object based on the first image and the second image.
[0015] In an aspect, the first image and the second image do not have the same spatial resolution.
[0016] Also disclosed herein a method of using the system above. The method comprises: sending a radiation beam toward an object, the first radiation detector, and the second radiation detector in that order from upstream to downstream, where at least a ray of the radiation beam is perpendicular to the reference plane; capturing with the first radiation detector a first image of the object based on an interaction between the radiation beam and the object; capturing with the second radiation detector a second image of the object based on an interaction between the radiation beam and a combination of the object and the first radiation detector; and generating a final image of the object based on the first image and the second image.
[0017] In an aspect, said generating the final image comprises: converting an image of the first image and second image into a third image having the same resolution as the remaining image of the first image and second image; and summing the third image and the remaining image, picture element by picture element, resulting in the final image.
[0018] In an aspect, the radiation beam comprises X-rays.
[0019] In an aspect, the first image includes M×N picture elements (i, j) , i=1, …, M, and j=1, …N, and for each value combination of i and j, a value (i, j) of the picture element (i, j) of the first image is related to a sum of signals generated in the P sensing elements (i, j, k) , k=1, …, P.
[0020] Brief Description of Figures
[0021] Fig. 1 schematically shows a radiation detector, according to an embodiment.
[0022] Fig. 2 schematically shows a simplified cross-sectional view of the radiation detector, according to an embodiment.
[0023] Fig. 3 schematically shows a detailed cross-sectional view of the radiation detector, according to an embodiment.
[0024] Fig. 4 schematically shows a detailed cross-sectional view of the radiation detector, according to an alternative embodiment.
[0025] Fig. 5 schematically shows a perspective view of an imaging system, according to an embodiment.
[0026] Fig. 6 shows a flowchart generalizing the operation of the imaging system, according to an embodiment.Detailed Description
[0027] RADIATION DETECTOR
[0028] Fig. 1 schematically shows a radiation detector 100, as an example. The radiation detector 100 may include an array of pixels 150 (also referred to as sensing elements 150) . The array may be a rectangular array (as shown in Fig. 1) , a honeycomb array, a hexagonal array, or any other suitable array. The array of pixels 150 in the example of Fig. 1 has 4 rows and 7 columns; however, in general, the array of pixels 150 may have any number of rows and any number of columns.
[0029] Each pixel 150 may be configured to detect radiation from a radiation source (not shown) incident thereon and may be configured to measure a characteristic (e.g., the energy of the particles, the wavelength, and the frequency) of the radiation. The radiation may include radiation particles such as photons (X-rays, gamma rays, etc. ) and subatomic particles (alpha particles, beta particles, etc. ) Each pixel 150 may be configured to count numbers of particles of radiation incident thereon whose energy falls in a plurality of bins of energy, within a period of time. All the pixels 150 may be configured to count the numbers of particles of radiation incident thereon within a plurality of bins of energy within the same period of time. When the incident particles of radiation have similar energy, the pixels 150 may be simply configured to count numbers of particles of radiation incident thereon within a period of time, without measuring the energy of the individual particles of radiation.
[0030] Each pixel 150 may have its own analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to digitize an analog signal representing the energy of an incident particle of radiation into a digital signal, or to digitize an analog signal representing the total energy of a plurality of incident particles of radiation into a digital signal. The pixels 150 may be configured to operate in parallel. For example, when one pixel 150 measures an incident particle of radiation, another pixel 150 may be waiting for a particle of radiation to arrive. The pixels 150 may not have to be individually addressable.
[0031] The radiation detector 100 described here may have applications such as in an X-ray telescope, X-ray mammography, industrial X-ray defect detection, X-ray microscopy or microradiography, X-ray casting inspection, X-ray non-destructive testing, X-ray weld inspection, X-ray digital subtraction angiography, etc. It may be suitable to use this radiation detector 100 in place of a photographic plate, a photographic film, a PSP plate, an X-ray image intensifier, a scintillator, or another semiconductor X-ray detector.
[0032] Fig. 2 schematically shows a simplified cross-sectional view of the radiation detector 100 of Fig. 1 along a line 2-2, according to an embodiment. Specifically, the radiation detector 100 may include a radiation absorption layer 110 and an electronics layer 120 (which may include one or more ASICs or application-specific integrated circuits) for processing and analyzing electrical signals which incident radiation generates in the radiation absorption layer 110. The radiation detector 100 may or may not include a scintillator (not shown) . The radiation absorption layer 110 may include a semiconductor material such as silicon, germanium, GaAs, CdTe, CdZnTe, or a combination thereof. The semiconductor material may have a high mass attenuation coefficient for the radiation of interest.
[0033] Fig. 3 schematically shows a detailed cross-sectional view of the radiation detector 100 of Fig. 1 along the line 2-2, as an example. Specifically, the radiation absorption layer 110 may include one or more diodes (e.g., p-i-n or p-n) formed by a first doped region 111, one or more discrete regions 114 of a second doped region 113. The second doped region 113 may be separated from the first doped region 111 by an optional intrinsic region 112. The discrete regions 114 may be separated from one another by the first doped region 111 or the intrinsic region 112. The first doped region 111 and the second doped region 113 may have opposite types of doping (e.g., region 111 is p-type and region 113 is n-type, or region 111 is n-type and region 113 is p-type) . In the example of Fig. 3, each of the discrete regions 114 of the second doped region 113 forms a diode with the first doped region 111 and the optional intrinsic region 112. Namely, in the example in Fig. 3, the radiation absorption layer 110 has a plurality of diodes (more specifically, 7 diodes corresponding to 7 pixels 150 of one row in the array of Fig. 1, of which only 2 pixels 150 are labeled in Fig. 3 for simplicity) . The plurality of diodes may have an electrode 119A as a shared (common) electrode. The first doped region 111 may also have discrete portions.
[0034] The electronics layer 120 may include an electronic system 121 suitable for processing or interpreting signals generated by the radiation incident on the radiation absorption layer 110. The electronic system 121 may include an analog circuitry such as a filter network, amplifiers, integrators, and comparators, or a digital circuitry such as a microprocessor, and memory. The electronic system 121 may include one or more ADCs (analog to digital converters) . The electronic system 121 may include components shared by the pixels 150 or components dedicated to a single pixel 150. For example, the electronic system 121 may include an amplifier dedicated to each pixel 150 and a microprocessor shared among all the pixels 150. The electronic system 121 may be electrically connected to the pixels 150 by vias 131. Space among the vias may be filled with a filler material 130, which may increase the mechanical stability of the connection of the electronics layer 120 to the radiation absorption layer 110. Other bonding techniques are possible to connect the electronic system 121 to the pixels 150 without using the vias 131.
[0035] When radiation from the radiation source (not shown) hits the radiation absorption layer 110 including diodes, particles of the radiation may be absorbed and generate one or more charge carriers (e.g., electrons, holes) by a number of mechanisms. The charge carriers may drift to the electrodes of one of the diodes under an electric field. The electric field may be an external electric field. The electrical contact 119B may include discrete portions each of which is in electrical contact with the discrete regions 114. The term “electrical contact” may be used interchangeably with the word “electrode. ” In an embodiment, the charge carriers may drift in directions such that the charge carriers generated by a single particle of the radiation are not substantially shared by two different discrete regions 114 ( “not substantially shared” here means less than 2%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.1%, or less than 0.01%of these charge carriers flow to a different one of the discrete regions 114 than the rest of the charge carriers) . Charge carriers generated by a particle of the radiation incident around the footprint of one of these discrete regions 114 are not substantially shared with another of these discrete regions 114. A pixel 150 associated with a discrete region 114 may be an area around the discrete region 114 in which substantially all (more than 98%, more than 99.5%, more than 99.9%, or more than 99.99%of) charge carriers generated by a particle of the radiation incident therein flow to the discrete region 114. Namely, less than 2%, less than 1%, less than 0.1%, or less than 0.01%of these charge carriers flow beyond the pixel 150.
[0036] Fig. 4 schematically shows a detailed cross-sectional view of the radiation detector 100 of Fig. 1 along the line 2-2, according to an alternative embodiment. More specifically, the radiation absorption layer 110 may include a resistor of a semiconductor material such as silicon, germanium, GaAs, CdTe, CdZnTe, or a combination thereof, but does not include a diode. The semiconductor material may have a high mass attenuation coefficient for the radiation of interest. In an embodiment, the electronics layer 120 of Fig. 4 is similar to the electronics layer 120 of Fig. 3 in terms of structure and function.
[0037] When the radiation hits the radiation absorption layer 110 including the resistor but not diodes, it may be absorbed and generate one or more charge carriers by a number of mechanisms. A particle of the radiation may generate 10 to 100,000 charge carriers. The charge carriers may drift to the electrical contacts 119A and 119B under an electric field. The electric field may be an external electric field. The electrical contact 119B may include discrete portions. In an embodiment, the charge carriers may drift in directions such that the charge carriers generated by a single particle of the radiation are not substantially shared by two different discrete portions of the electrical contact 119B ( “not substantially shared” here means less than 2%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.1%, or less than 0.01%of these charge carriers flow to a different one of the discrete portions than the rest of the charge carriers) . Charge carriers generated by a particle of the radiation incident around the footprint of one of these discrete portions of the electrical contact 119B are not substantially shared with another of these discrete portions of the electrical contact 119B. A pixel 150 associated with a discrete portion of the electrical contact 119B may be an area around the discrete portion in which substantially all (more than 98%, more than 99.5%, more than 99.9%or more than 99.99%of) charge carriers generated by a particle of the radiation incident therein flow to the discrete portion of the electrical contact 119B. Namely, less than 2%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.1%, or less than 0.01%of these charge carriers flow beyond the pixel associated with the one discrete portion of the electrical contact 119B.
[0038] The radiation detector 100 may capture an image of an object or scene (not shown) . Also, the radiation detector 100 may capture multiple partial images of the object or scene one by one, and then these captured partial images may be stitched to form a stitched image of the entire object or scene.
[0039] The term “image” in the present patent application (including the claims) is not limited to spatial distribution of a property of a radiation (such as intensity) . For example, the term “image” may also include the spatial distribution of density of a substance or element.
[0040] IMAGING SYSTEM
[0041] Fig. 5 schematically shows a perspective view of an imaging system 500, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the imaging system 500 may include a first radiation detector 501, a second radiation detector 502, and a radiation source 530.
[0042] FIRST RADIATION DETECTOR OF IMAGING SYSTEM
[0043] RADIATION ABSORPTION LAYERS OF FIRST RADIATION DETECTOR
[0044] In an embodiment, the first radiation detector 501 may include a stack of radiation absorption layers (e.g., radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3) . In an embodiment, the 3 radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3 may be parallel to each other (i.e., mutually parallel) . Each of the radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3 may be similar to the radiation absorption layer 110 of the radiation detector 100 of Fig. 1 –Fig. 4 in terms of structure and function. For example, each of the radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3 may include a 4×7 array of 28 sensing elements 150 (as shown) , or just 4×7 sensing elements 150 for short.
[0045] COMMON ELECTRODES OF FIRST RADIATION DETECTOR
[0046] In addition, in an embodiment, the first radiation detector 501 may include a common electrode 119A. 1 for the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.1. In an embodiment, the structure and function of the common electrode 119A. 1 for the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.1 may be similar to the structure and function of the common electrode 119A for the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 110 of Fig. 1 –Fig. 4.
[0047] Similarly, in an embodiment, the first radiation detector 501 may further include (A) a common electrode 119A. 2 for the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.2, and (B) a common electrode 119A. 3 for the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.3. In an embodiment, the common electrodes 119A. 2 and 119A. 3 may be similar to the common electrode 119A. 1 in terms of structure and function.
[0048] INDIVIDUAL ELECTRODES OF FIRST RADIATION DETECTOR
[0049] In an embodiment, the first radiation detector 501 may include 4×7×3 individual electrodes 119B respectively for the 4×7×3 sensing elements 150 of the 3 radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3 (as shown) . For example, the first radiation detector 501 includes 4×7 individual electrodes 119B respectively for the 4×7 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.1. Specifically, for example, the first radiation detector 501 includes the individual electrode 119B. 111 for the sensing element 150.111 of the radiation absorption layer 510.1. For another example, the first radiation detector 501 includes the individual electrode 119B. 314 for the sensing element 150.314 of the radiation absorption layer 510.3.
[0050] Note that all the 28 individual electrodes 119B for the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.1 are shown in Fig. 5. However, for simplicity, none of the 28 individual electrodes 119B for the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.2 is shown in Fig. 5. Also for simplicity, of the 28 individual electrodes 119B for the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.3, only the individual electrode 119B. 314 is shown in Fig. 5.
[0051] In an embodiment, the structure and function of each individual electrode 119B for the corresponding sensing element 150 of the first radiation detector 501 may be similar to the structure and function of an electrode 119B for the corresponding sensing element 150 of the radiation detector 100 of Fig. 1 –Fig. 4.
[0052] For example, during the operation of the imaging system 500, regarding the sensing element 150.111, a voltage difference may be applied to the individual electrode 119B. 111 and the common electrode 119A. 1 so as to direct the signals generated in the sensing element 150.111 to an electronics layer 520 (described later) of the first radiation detector 501 for processing. For another example, during the operation of the imaging system 500, regarding the sensing element 150.314, a voltage difference may be applied to the individual electrode 119B. 314 and the common electrode 119A. 3 so as to direct the signals generated in the sensing element 150.314 to the electronics layer 520 of the first radiation detector 501 for processing.
[0053] ELECTRONICS LAYER OF FIRST RADIATION DETECTOR
[0054] In an embodiment, with reference to Fig. 5, the first radiation detector 501 may include the electronics layer 520 for processing signals (i.e., charge carriers) generated in the 4×7×3 sensing elements 150 of the 3 radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3. In an embodiment, the structure and function of the electronics layer 520 for the 4×7×3 sensing elements 150 of the 3 radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3 may be similar to the structure and function of the electronics layer 120 for the 4×7 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 110 of Fig. 1 –Fig. 4.
[0055] In an embodiment, the electronics layer 520 may include 3 ASIC chips (not shown) for processing signals generated respectively in the 3 radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3. Specifically, the electronics layer 520 may include (A) a first ASIC chip (not shown) for processing signals generated in the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.1, (B) a second ASIC chip (not shown) for processing signals generated in the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.2, and (C) a third ASIC chip (not shown) for processing signals generated in the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.3.
[0056] In an alternative embodiment, the electronics layer 520 may include an ASIC chip (not shown) for processing signals generated in multiple radiation absorption layers of the first radiation detector 501. For example, the electronics layer 520 may include (A) one ASIC chip (not shown) for processing signals generated in the 56 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layers 510.1 and 510.2, and (B) another ASIC chip (not shown) for processing signals generated in the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.3.
[0057] In an embodiment, the electronics layer 520 may include a single ASIC chip (not shown) for processing signals generated in all the 4×7×3 sensing elements 150 of the 3 radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3.
[0058] SECOND RADIATION DETECTOR OF IMAGING SYSTEM
[0059] In an embodiment, the second radiation detector 502 may include a radiation absorption layer 560 and an electronics layer 570. In an embodiment, the structure and function of the radiation absorption layer 560 and the electronics layer 570 of the second radiation detector 502 may be similar to the structure and function of the radiation absorption layer 110 and the electronics layer 120 of the radiation detector 100 of Fig. 1 –Fig. 4. For example, the radiation absorption layer 560 may include 4×8 sensing elements 150 (as shown) ; and the electronics layer 570 may process the signals generated in the 4×8 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 560.
[0060] In an embodiment, the radiation absorption layer 560 may define a reference plane 569 which may be a best-fit plane of all the 4×8 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 560. As a result, if all the 4×8 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 560 are coplanar, then the reference plane 569 may be a plane that intersects all the 32 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 560.
[0061] RADIATION SOURCE OF IMAGING SYSTEM
[0062] With reference to Fig. 5, although the radiation source 530 is shown as a point, the radiation source 530 may have any size and shape (i.e., the radiation source 530 is not necessarily a point source) . In an embodiment, the first radiation detector 501 may be between the radiation source 530 and the second radiation detector 502 (as shown) .
[0063] OBJECT
[0064] In an embodiment, an object 540 may be positioned between the first radiation detector 501 and the radiation source 530 (as shown) .
[0065] SIDE INCIDENT AND SURFACE INCIDENT IMAGING ARRANGEMENTS
[0066] In an embodiment, with reference to Fig. 5, the radiation source 530, the first radiation detector 501, and the second radiation detector 502 of the imaging system 500 may be arranged such that the first radiation detector 501 is for side incident imaging, and the second radiation detector 502 is for surface incident imaging (as shown) .
[0067] As a result, there is a straight line (not shown) that (A) is perpendicular to the reference plane 569 and (B) intersects the radiation source 530, the first radiation detector 501, and the second radiation detector 502.
[0068] Also as a result, regarding the radiation absorption layer 510.1, there is a first plane (not shown) that (A) is perpendicular to the reference plane 569 and (B) completely separates the common electrode 119A. 1 from all the 28 individual electrodes 119B (including the individual electrode 119B. 111) for the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.1.
[0069] Also as a result, regarding the radiation absorption layer 510.2, there is a second plane (not shown) that (A) is perpendicular to the reference plane 569 and (B) completely separates the common electrode 119A. 2 from all the 28 individual electrodes 119B for the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.2.
[0070] Also as a result, regarding the radiation absorption layer 510.3, there is a third plane (not shown) that (A) is perpendicular to the reference plane 569 and (B) completely separates the common electrode 119A. 3 from all the 28 individual electrodes 119B (including the individual electrode 119B. 314) for the 28 sensing elements 150 of the radiation absorption layer 510.3.
[0071] In an embodiment, the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane may be parallel to each other.
[0072] OPERATION OF IMAGING SYSTEM
[0073] In an embodiment, the imaging system 500 may operate as follows. The radiation source 530 may send a radiation beam 532 toward the object 540, the first radiation detector 501, and the second radiation detector 502 in that order from upstream to downstream. At least a ray (not shown) of the radiation beam 532 is perpendicular to the reference plane 569. In an embodiment, the radiation beam 532 may include X-rays.
[0074] Next, in an embodiment, the first radiation detector 501 may capture a first image of the object 540 based on the interaction between the radiation beam 532 and the object 540. The interaction between the radiation beam 532 and the object 540 may include scenarios such as: (A) some of the radiation particles of the radiation beam 532 that are incident on the object 540 are blocked by the object 540, (B) some of the radiation particles of the radiation beam 532 that are incident on the object 540 travel through the object 540 without changing their directions, and (C) some of the radiation particles of the radiation beam 532 that are incident on the object 540 collide with atoms of the object 540 and thereby change their directions.
[0075] In an embodiment, while the first radiation detector 501 captures the first image, the second radiation detector 502 may capture a second image of the object 540 based on the interaction between the radiation beam 532 and the combination of the object 540 and the first radiation detector 501.
[0076] In an embodiment, after the first and second images are captured, a final image of the object 540 may be generated based on the first image and the second image. Specifically, in an embodiment, a computer (not shown) may (A) receive the first and second images from the first radiation detector 501 and the second radiation detector 502 respectively, and then (B) generate the final image based on the first and second images.
[0077] FLOWCHART GENERALIZING OPERATION OF IMAGING SYSTEM
[0078] Fig. 6 shows a flowchart 600 generalizing the operation of the imaging system 500 of Fig. 5, according to an embodiment.
[0079] In step 610, the operation may include sending a radiation beam toward an object, the first radiation detector, and the second radiation detector in that order from upstream to downstream. At least a ray of the radiation beam is perpendicular to the reference plane. For example, in the embodiments described above, with reference to Fig. 5, the radiation source 530 sends the radiation beam 532 toward the object 540, the first radiation detector 501, and the second radiation detector 502 in that order from upstream to downstream. At least a ray of the radiation beam 532 is perpendicular to the reference plane 569.
[0080] In step 620, the operation may include capturing with the first radiation detector a first image of the object based on an interaction between the radiation beam and the object. For example, in the embodiments described above, with reference to Fig. 5, the first radiation detector 501 captures the first image based on the interaction between the radiation beam 532 and the object 540.
[0081] In step 630, the operation may include capturing with the second radiation detector a second image of the object based on an interaction between the radiation beam and a combination of the object and the first radiation detector. For example, in the embodiments described above, with reference to Fig. 5, the second radiation detector 502 captures the second image based on the interaction between the radiation beam 532 and the combination of the object 540 and the first radiation detector 501.
[0082] In step 640, the operation may include generating a final image of the object based on the first image and the second image. For example, in the embodiments described above, with reference to Fig. 5, the final image of the object 540 is generated based on the first image and the second image of the object 540.
[0083] OTHER EMBODIMENTS
[0084] ELECTRODES ARE PERPENDICULAR TO REFERENCE PLANE
[0085] In an embodiment, with reference to Fig. 5, all the common electrodes 119A. 1, 119A. 2, and 119A. 3 of the first radiation detector 501 may be perpendicular to the reference plane 569. In an embodiment, all the 4×7×3 individual electrodes 119B for the 4×7×3 sensing elements 150 of the first radiation detector 501 may be perpendicular to the reference plane 569.
[0086] COLUMNS OF MULTIPLE SENSING ELEMENTS
[0087] In an embodiment, with reference to Fig. 5, the 4×7×3 sensing elements 150 of the first radiation detector 501 may be arranged in 21 columns (each having 4 sensing elements 150) which are perpendicular to the reference plane 569 (as shown) . In other words, for each column of the 21 columns of sensing elements 150, there is a straight line (not shown) that (A) is perpendicular to the reference plane 569 and (B) intersects all the 4 sensing elements 150 of said each column.
[0088] ELECTRONICS LAYER OF FIRST RADIATION DETECTOR DOES NOT INTERFERE
[0089] In an embodiment, with reference to Fig. 5, the electronics layer 520 of the first radiation detector 501 (A) may not interfere with the first radiation detector 501 capturing the first image and (B) may not interfere with the second radiation detector 502 capturing the second image. In other words, the electronics layer 520 does not intersect any radiation particle from the radiation source 530 that is aimed at (A) the stack of the radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3 of the first radiation detector 501 and (B) the radiation absorption layer 560 of the second radiation detector 502. As a result, any straight line intersecting (A) the radiation source 530, (B) the stack of the radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3 of the first radiation detector 501, and (C) the radiation absorption layer 560 of the second radiation detector 502 does not intersect the electronics layer 520 of the first radiation detector 501.
[0090] MATERIALS OF FIRST AND SECOND RADIATION DETECTORS
[0091] In an embodiment, with reference to Fig. 5, the radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3 of the first radiation detector 501 may include silicon (Si) ; and the radiation absorption layer 560 of the second radiation detector 502 may include a III-V semiconductor (e.g., cadmium telluride CdTe) .
[0092] In general, the radiation absorption layers 510.1, 510.2, and 510.3 of the first radiation detector 501 may include a first semiconductor material, and the radiation absorption layer 560 of the second radiation detector 502 may include a second semiconductor material. The first semiconductor material has a higher attenuation coefficient for X-rays in a first energy range than the second semiconductor material. The second semiconductor material has a higher attenuation coefficient for X-rays in a second energy range than the first semiconductor material. The first energy range does not overlap and is lower than the second energy range. For example, the first semiconductor material can be silicon (Si) , and the second semiconductor material can be cadmium telluride (CdTe) .
[0093] SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS OF FIRST AND SECOND IMAGES
[0094] In an embodiment, with reference to Fig. 5, the first image and the second image of the object 540 may have the same spatial resolution. As a result, in an embodiment, the first image and the second image may be added together (picture element by picture element) resulting in the final image of the object 540.
[0095] In an alternative embodiment, the first image and the second image may have different spatial resolutions. As a result, in an embodiment, the first image may be converted into a third image having the same resolution as the second image, and then the third image and the second image may be added together (picture element by picture element) resulting in the final image of the object 540. Alternatively, the second image may be converted into a fourth image having the same resolution as the first image, and then the fourth image and the first image may be added together (picture element by picture element) resulting in the final image of the object 540.
[0096] FIRST IMAGE IN DETAILS
[0097] In an embodiment, the first image captured by the first radiation detector 501 may include 3×7 picture elements corresponding to the 21 columns of sensing elements 150 of the first radiation detector 501. Specifically, in an embodiment, the value of each of the 21 picture elements of the first image may be determined by summing the 4 signals generated in the 4 sensing elements 150 in the corresponding column of the 21 columns. For example, the value of the picture element at top right of the first image may be determined by summing the 4 signals generated in the 4 sensing elements 150 of the column that includes the sensing element 150.314. For another example, the value of the picture element at bottom right of the first image may be determined by summing the 4 signals generated in the 4 sensing elements 150 of the column that includes the sensing element 150.111.
[0098] While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A system, comprising:a first radiation detector which comprises a stack of mutually parallel radiation absorption layers (i) , i=1, …, M, with M being a positive integer; anda second radiation detector which comprises a radiation absorption layer, wherein the radiation absorption layer of the second radiation detector comprises multiple sensing elements, wherein a reference plane is a best-fit plane of the multiple sensing elements,wherein for each value of i, the radiation absorption layer (i) of the first radiation detector comprises sensing elements (i, j, k) , j=1, …, N, and k=1, …, P, with N and P being positive integers,wherein for each value of i, the first radiation detector comprises a common electrode (i) for all the sensing elements (i, j, k) , j=1, …, N, and k=1, …, P,wherein for each value combination of i, j, and k, the first radiation detector comprises an individual electrode (i, j, k) for the sensing element (i, j, k) ,wherein for each value of i, there is a plane (i) perpendicular to the reference plane such that the plane (i) completely separates the common electrode (i) from all the individual electrodes (i, j, k) , j=1, …, N, and k=1, …, P of the radiation absorption layer (i) , andwherein a straight line perpendicular to the reference plane intersects both the first radiation detector and the second radiation detector.2.The system of claim 1, wherein the individual electrodes (i, j, k) , i=1, …, M, j=1, …, N, and k=1, …, P are perpendicular to the reference plane.3.The system of claim 1, wherein the common electrodes (i) , i=1, …, M are perpendicular to the reference plane.4.The system of claim 1,wherein P>1, andwherein for each value combination of i and j, a straight line perpendicular to the reference plane intersects all the sensing elements (i, j, k) , k=1, …, P.5.The system of claim 1, further comprising a radiation source, wherein the first radiation detector is positioned between the radiation source and the second radiation detector.6.The system of claim 5, wherein any straight line intersecting the radiation source, the stack of the first radiation detector, and the radiation absorption layer of the second radiation detector does not intersect an electronics layer of the first radiation detector.7.The system of claim 6, wherein the electronics layer of the first radiation detector comprises an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) chip for processing signals generated in all the sensing elements (i, j, k) , i=1, …, M; j=1, …, N; and k=1, …, P.8.The system of claim 6, wherein the electronics layer of the first radiation detector comprises, for each value of i, an ASIC chip (i) for processing signals generated in the sensing elements (i, j, k) , j=1, …, N and k=1, …, P.9.The system of claim 6, wherein the electronics layer of the first radiation detector comprises at least an ASIC chip for processing signals generated in multiple radiation absorption layers of the radiation absorption layers (i) , i=1, …, M.10.The system of claim 1,wherein the radiation absorption layers (i) , i=1, …, M of the first radiation detector comprise a first semiconductor material,wherein the radiation absorption layer of the second radiation detector comprises a second semiconductor material,wherein the first semiconductor material has a higher attenuation coefficient for X-rays in a first energy range than the second semiconductor material,wherein the second semiconductor material has a higher attenuation coefficient for X-rays in a second energy range than the first semiconductor material, andwherein the first energy range does not overlap and is lower than the second energy range.11.The system of claim 10,wherein the first semiconductor material comprises silicon, andwherein the second semiconductor material comprises a III-V semiconductor.12.The system of claim 11, wherein the III-V semiconductor is cadmium telluride (CdTe) .13.The system of claim 1,wherein the first radiation detector is configured to capture a first image of an object based on an interaction between a radiation beam and the object,wherein the second radiation detector is configured to capture a second image of the object based on an interaction between the radiation beam and a combination of the object and the first radiation detector, andwherein the system is configured to generate a final image of the object based on the first image and the second image.14.The system of claim 13, wherein the first image and the second image do not have the same spatial resolution.15.A method of using the system of any one of claims 1-14, comprising:sending a radiation beam toward an object, the first radiation detector, and the second radiation detector in that order from upstream to downstream, wherein at least a ray of the radiation beam is perpendicular to the reference plane;capturing with the first radiation detector a first image of the object based on an interaction between the radiation beam and the object;capturing with the second radiation detector a second image of the object based on an interaction between the radiation beam and a combination of the object and the first radiation detector; andgenerating a final image of the object based on the first image and the second image.16.The method of claim 15, wherein said generating the final image comprises: converting an image of the first image and second image into a third image having the same resolution as the remaining image of the first image and second image; andsumming the third image and the remaining image, picture element by picture element, resulting in the final image.17.The method of claim 15, wherein the radiation beam comprises X-rays.18.The method of claim 15,wherein the first image includes M×N picture elements (i, j) , i=1, …, M, and j=1, …N, andwherein for each value combination of i and j, a value (i, j) of the picture element (i, j) of the first image is related to a sum of signals generated in the P sensing elements (i, j, k) , k=1, …, P.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Thin film transistor array substrate for X-ray detector and X-ray detector
CN107623011A
A radiation detector
CN112955787A
Semiconductor radiation detector
CN113204047A
Radiation detector array based on multilayer graphene / semiconductor and preparation method thereof
CN114582907A
Detection substrate and flat panel detector
CN114765189A