Laser titanium kitchenware and preparation method therefor

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of superhard and super-wear-resistant kitchenware. Provided are laser titanium kitchenware and a preparation method therefor. The laser titanium kitchenware comprises a pot body (10) and a non-stick coating (20), which is arranged on the inner surface of the pot body (10), wherein the non-stick coating (20) is a nano metal ceramic layer (21) formed by means of ultra-high-speed laser cladding curing; or the non-stick coating (20) is obtained by stacking a nano metal ceramic layer (21) formed by means of ultra-high-speed laser cladding curing and a nano ceramic new material (22) formed by means of curing; or the non-stick coating (20) is formed by multiple instances of alternate stacking of a nano metal ceramic layer (21) formed by means of ultra-high-speed laser cladding curing and a nano ceramic new material (22) formed by means of curing. The non-stick coating (20) of the laser titanium kitchenware has the characteristics of lasting non-stickiness, high hardness and wear resistance.

Description

Laser titanium kitchenware and preparation method thereof Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of super-hard and super-wear-resistant kitchenware, and in particular to laser titanium kitchenware and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The surface of a non-stick pan is typically coated with a non-stick coating to achieve its non-stick properties. Existing non-stick coating materials used in cookware primarily include fluorine-containing coatings and ceramic coatings. Fluorine-containing coatings include PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PFOA (perfluorooctanoate), PFAS (copolymer of perfluoropropyl perfluorovinyl ether and polytetrafluoroethylene), FEP (fluoroethylene propylene copolymer), and ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer). Their non-stick properties are based on the extremely low surface free energy and low coefficient of friction of fluorine-containing polymers. However, fluorine-containing non-stick coatings are not resistant to wear and tear and are prone to detachment. Furthermore, due to the low surface roughness of the pan, the non-stick coating attached to the pan surface is easily scratched and scraped off by a spatula or hard food, resulting in a shorter lifespan of the non-stick coating and a gradual deterioration or even loss of the pan's non-stick properties. Ceramic coatings, primarily composed of silicon-oxygen bonds and inorganic silicon, achieve their non-stick properties by forming a compact, non-porous nanostructure on the pan surface. However, the non-stick pan body of ceramic coating is usually made of aluminum, and the expansion coefficient of ceramic coating is much lower than that of aluminum. After frequent thermal expansion and contraction, the ceramic coating is prone to cracking. Generally, small cracks will appear on the surface of the coating after 3 to 6 months of use, and the non-stick property will begin to deteriorate.

[0003] In summary, current non-stick pans generally have problems such as poor non-stick properties, short-lasting non-stick performance, and inability to withstand high-temperature stir-frying due to the material itself.

[0004] Application Contents

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this application is that the existing non-stick pans are not resistant to high temperatures, have low hardness, poor wear resistance and short service life.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, this application proposes the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a laser titanium cookware, comprising a pot body and a non-stick coating provided on the inner surface of the pot body, wherein the non-stick coating is a nano-metal ceramic layer formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification; or, the non-stick coating is formed by superimposing a nano-metal ceramic layer formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification and a nano-ceramic new material formed by solidification; or, the non-stick coating is formed by alternately superimposing a nano-metal ceramic layer formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification and a nano-ceramic new material formed by solidification multiple times;

[0008] The nano-metal ceramic layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-45% titanium metal coated particles and 55-85% nano-composite ceramic powder new material;

[0009] The new nano-ceramic material comprises the following components by mass percentage: 20-30% polymethylsiloxane, 0.5-20% hydroxy silicone oil, 1-5% low-melting-point glass powder, 6-10% silica sol, 5-10% silicon nitride, 5-10% nano-titanium dioxide, 8-12% nano-aluminum oxide, 6-8% nano-titanium, 3-6% wetting and dispersing agent, 2-4% thickener, and 10-15% water;

[0010] The nanocomposite ceramic powder new material is selected from titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbide (TiC), silicon carbide (SiC), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), titanium boride (TiB), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium hydroxyphosphate (Ca 10 At least one of (PO4)6(OH)2), iron powder (Fe);

[0011] The titanium metal-coated particles have a three-layer core-shell structure, wherein the outer shell is titanium metal, the inner core is silicone oil, and a resin layer is located between the outer shell and inner core layers. The resin layer is a mixture of polymethylsiloxane and iron powder. In terms of mass percentage, the titanium metal accounts for 10-40%, the polymethylsiloxane accounts for 55-70%, the iron powder accounts for 0.5-2%, and the balance is silicone oil.

[0012] The mass fraction of SiO2 in the silica sol is 1-50%, and the average particle size of SiO2 is 1nm-500nm.

[0013] A further technical solution is that, in the titanium metal-coated particles, the titanium metal is nano-scale titanium powder and the iron powder is nano-scale, and can be prepared specifically by the following steps:

[0014] 1. Add nano-iron powder to polymethylsiloxane and disperse evenly to obtain a resin solution;

[0015] 2. The resin solution and silicone oil are subjected to miniemulsion polymerization to prepare resin particles coated with silicone oil having a smooth surface and uniform particle size distribution;

[0016] 3. Atomizing the resin particles into nano-scale titanium metal, so that the nano-titanium metal is evenly attached to the surface of the resin particles, achieving the effect of titanium metal completely covering the resin particles, and obtaining the titanium metal-coated particles.

[0017] It should be noted that silicone oil is non-sticky, but has poor heat resistance. Silicone oil is coated with a resin containing iron powder, and then coated with titanium metal to obtain titanium metal-coated particles. Under high-temperature curing of ultra-high-speed laser cladding, the titanium metal absorbs heat and melts, which can protect the resin and silicone oil, and store the resin and silicone oil in the coating; during the heating process of the nano-metal ceramic layer containing the titanium metal-coated particles during use of kitchen utensils, the resin expands due to heat, and the silicone oil will seep out through the pores of the resin, thereby improving the non-stick effect of the nano-metal ceramic layer, and the addition of iron powder helps to improve the heat resistance of the resin layer.

[0018] It is worth noting that the addition of titanium metal-coated particles in the nano-metal ceramic layer helps to improve the non-stick properties of the coating, with a proportion of 15-45% being appropriate, and 20-35% being more preferred; if the dosage is too low, the non-stick effect of the nano-metal ceramic layer will be poor, while if the dosage is too high, it will affect the bonding effect between the nano-metal ceramic layer and the new nano-ceramic material.

[0019] A further technical solution is that the surface of the non-stick coating away from the pot body is made of a new nano-ceramic material, and the surface of the non-stick coating in contact with the pot body is a nano-metal ceramic layer.

[0020] It should be noted that in the new nano-ceramic material, the wetting and dispersing agent can be selected from tego sodium tripolyphosphate; the thickener can be selected from swelling emulsion (HASE) thickener. Those skilled in the art can make the selection based on technical common sense, and this application does not limit this.

[0021] Its further technical solution is that the new nanocomposite ceramic powder material is selected from titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbide (TiC), silicon carbide (SiC), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), titanium boride (TiB), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium hydroxyphosphate (Ca 10 (PO4)6(OH)2), at least three or at least six of iron powder (Fe) to obtain a nano metal ceramic layer with high hardness.

[0022] A further technical solution is that the particle size of the new nano-composite ceramic powder material is 0.01-6 μm; and the particle size of the titanium metal-coated particles is 2-6 μm.

[0023] A further technical solution is that the thickness of the non-stick coating is 30 to 1000 μm. For example, the thickness of the non-stick coating is 30 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 500 μm, 800 μm, or 1000 μm.

[0024] A further technical solution is that the thickness of the nano-metal ceramic layer is 5 to 20 μm. For example, the thickness of the nano-metal ceramic layer is 5 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm, 18 μm, or 20 μm.

[0025] It should be noted that the nano-metal ceramic layer has the characteristics of high hardness and low toughness, and the kitchenware needs to be shaped at the bottom during the molding process. If the thickness of the single-layer nano-metal ceramic layer is too high, due to its poor toughness, it will cause the nano-metal ceramic layer to crack and cause quality problems. Therefore, the thickness of the single-layer nano-metal ceramic layer should not be too thick, and 5 to 20 μm is appropriate. This thickness range can avoid microcracks in the coating when the bottom of the pot is shaped.

[0026] A further technical solution is that the thickness of the new nano-ceramic material is 1 to 8 μm. For example, the thickness of the new nano-ceramic material is 1 μm, 2 μm, 5 μm, or 8 μm.

[0027] A further technical solution is that the outer surface of the pot body is provided with a superconducting magnetic layer with a thickness of 300-600 μm, for example, the thickness of the superconducting magnetic layer is 300 μm, 400 μm, 500 μm, or 600 μm. Specifically, the superconducting magnetic layer is located at the bottom of the outer surface of the pot body.

[0028] A further technical solution is that, in terms of mass percentage, the superconducting magnetic layer comprises the following components:

[0029] 80-92% nickel-iron alloy, 0.03-2.5% carbon powder, 2-6% graphene, 1-3.5% chromium powder, 4-6% molybdenum powder, and 0.5-3% copper powder; the mass content of nickel in the nickel-iron alloy is 65-79%.

[0030] A further technical solution is that the material of the pot body is any one of aluminum, iron, stainless steel, copper, titanium, and ceramics.

[0031] The present application also provides a method for preparing the laser titanium kitchenware as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0032] The cleaned pot body is sandblasted; a non-stick coating is prepared on the inner surface of the pot body;

[0033] The method for preparing the non-stick coating comprises: heating a pot body to 120-180°C, performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and curing of a powder material of a nano-metal ceramic layer to obtain a nano-metal ceramic layer of a predetermined thickness, and then performing high-temperature melting and curing at 293-1693°C to obtain the non-stick coating;

[0034] Alternatively, the method for preparing the non-stick coating comprises: heating a pot body to 120-180°C, performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and curing of a powder material of a nano-metal ceramic layer to obtain a nano-metal ceramic layer; curing a coating of the new nano-ceramic material on the nano-metal ceramic layer to obtain the new nano-ceramic material, and then performing high-temperature melting and curing at 293-1693°C to obtain a non-stick coating having a predetermined thickness;

[0035] Alternatively, the preparation method of the non-stick coating includes: S2, heating the pot body to 120-180°C, performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidifying the powder material of the nano-metal ceramic layer to obtain a nano-metal ceramic layer; S3, solidifying a coating of the new nano-ceramic material on the nano-metal ceramic layer to obtain a new nano-ceramic material; repeating steps S2-S3 to a preset thickness, performing high-temperature melting and solidification at 293-1693°C to obtain a non-stick coating.

[0036] Specifically, the ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidifying of the nano-metal ceramic layer includes heating the pot body to 120-180°C, then laser thermally solidifying the powder material of the nano-metal ceramic layer on the dry and clean inner surface of the pot body. The curing process parameters are: power 1.5-2kW, scanning speed 8-12mm / s, spot diameter 3mm, argon flow rate 20-30L / min, and powder feed rate 8g / min. After 15-20 seconds of natural cooling, a laser thermally solidified coating is formed on the inner surface of the pot body. The surface of the laser thermally solidified coating is then cleaned with argon gas at a pressure of 1-2MPa, and then ultra-high-speed laser remelting is performed to obtain the nano-metal ceramic layer. The ultra-high-speed laser remelting process parameters are: power 100-250W, scanning speed 10-12mm / s, spot diameter 4-6mm, and argon flow rate 20-30L / min.

[0037] Specifically, the operation of curing the coating of the nano-ceramic new material on the nano-metal ceramic layer to obtain the nano-ceramic new material includes: after the nano-metal ceramic layer is obtained by the ultra-high-speed laser remelting process, blowing it clean with argon gas at a pressure of 1.0-2.0 MPa within 20-30 seconds to cure the coating of the nano-ceramic new material, adjusting the distance between the spray gun and the surface of the pot body to 15-30 cm to ensure that the coating of the nano-ceramic new material covers the entire nano-metal ceramic layer, and using the residual heat of the ultra-high-speed laser remelting process to cure the coating of the nano-ceramic new material to obtain the nano-ceramic new material.

[0038] Specifically, in the embodiment of the non-stick coating comprising a plurality of alternating layers of nano-metal ceramic layers formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification, and a nano-ceramic new material formed by solidification, the nano-metal ceramic layers and the nano-ceramic new material are alternately applied to the inner surface of the pot body through 2-50 cycles, with steps S2-S3 being considered a single cycle, to achieve a predetermined thickness. To achieve the non-stick coating, in practice, the interval between the laser thermal curing in step S2 and the ultra-high-speed laser remelting in each cycle is 10-20 seconds, and the interval between the ultra-high-speed laser remelting and the curing in step S3 is 20-30 seconds; the interval between each cycle is 30-50 seconds. This significantly improves processing efficiency while ensuring process quality.

[0039] It should be noted that the high-temperature melt curing process in the preparation method is intended to further solidify and bond the non-stick coating to the pan, improving the bonding strength between the two. The temperature should be determined based on the pan material. For example, if the pan is made of stainless steel, the high-temperature melt curing temperature is between 1100-1300°C; if the pan is made of aluminum, the high-temperature melt curing temperature is between 293-500°C.

[0040] It can be understood that in the preparation method of the present application, the thermal energy used to prepare the non-stick coating is ultra-high-speed laser, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the preparation process using laser energy, but also includes preparation processes using heat sources such as laser plasma, plasma, and electron beam.

[0041] A further technical solution is to further perform ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidifying of a superconducting magnetic layer on the outer surface of the pot body.

[0042] Specifically, the powder material for the superconducting magnetic layer is laser-cured on the outer surface of the pot body. The curing process parameters are: power of 1.5-2kW, scanning speed of 8-12mm / s, spot diameter of 3mm, argon flow rate of 20-30L / min, and powder feed rate of 8g / min. After 15-20 seconds of natural cooling, a laser-cured coating is formed on the outer surface of the pot body. The surface of the laser-cured coating is then cleaned with argon gas at a pressure of 1-2MPa, and then ultra-high-speed laser remelting is performed to obtain the superconducting magnetic layer. The ultra-high-speed laser remelting process parameters are: power of 100-250W, scanning speed of 10-12mm / s, spot diameter of 4-6mm, and argon flow rate of 20-30L / min.

[0043] In other implementations, the overall preparation process for the laser titanium kitchenware includes: 1. stretching and forming the disc, 2. turning the edge, 3. cleaning, 4. sandblasting, 5. preparing a non-stick coating, 6. internal polishing, 7. external sanding, 8. performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidifying the superconducting magnetic layer, prepared according to the implementation process and implementation parameters of step S5, 9. sanding, 10. curing, 11. assembling, and 12. packaging.

[0044] It should be noted that the laser titanium kitchenware provided in this application includes all tableware and kitchenware.

[0045] Preferably, the non-stick coating of the present application is composed of a nano-metal ceramic layer formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification and a nano-ceramic new material formed by solidification, which are alternately stacked multiple times.

[0046] Compared with the existing technology, the technical effects achieved by this application include:

[0047] The laser titanium cookware provided in the present application includes a pot body and a non-stick coating provided on the inner surface of the pot body, wherein the non-stick coating is a nano-metal ceramic layer formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification; or, the non-stick coating is formed by superimposing a nano-metal ceramic layer formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification and a new nano-ceramic material formed by solidification; or, the non-stick coating is composed of a plurality of alternating superpositions of nano-metal ceramic layers formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification and a new nano-ceramic material formed by solidification; wherein the nano-metal ceramic layer contains titanium metal-coated particles coated with resin and silicone oil, and is combined with a new nano-composite ceramic powder material. After ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification, the resin and silicone oil in the titanium metal-coated particles can be effectively stored in the coating, so that the nano-metal ceramic layer has both high hardness and non-stick properties; the new nano-ceramic material is formed on the surface of the nano-metal ceramic layer by combining components such as polymethylsiloxane, hydroxyl silicone oil, low-melting point glass powder, silica sol, silicon nitride, nano-titanium dioxide, nano-alumina, and nano-titanium through a solidification process, and also has high hardness and non-stick properties. In a preferred solution, the nano-metal ceramic layer and the nano-ceramic new material are alternately superimposed, which can achieve the effects of high hardness, wear resistance and long-lasting non-stick properties of the non-stick coating.

[0048] Furthermore, during the preparation of the laser titanium cookware of the present application, ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification are first performed to form a nano-metal ceramic layer. The residual heat from the laser cladding is then used to solidify the nano-metal ceramic layer to form a new nano-ceramic material, thereby improving the adhesion of the new nano-ceramic material and enhancing the bonding strength of the two coatings. Furthermore, the composition of the nano-metal ceramic layer and the new nano-ceramic material has a certain similarity, which facilitates the bonding between the two coatings. In a preferred embodiment, the non-stick coating is obtained by alternating the two coatings multiple times. Both coatings have high hardness and are non-sticky, and their strong bonding strength allows the non-stick coating to achieve high hardness, wear resistance, and long-lasting non-stick properties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0050] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser titanium kitchen utensil provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0051] FIG2 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of A in FIG1 ;

[0052] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the non-stick coating structure of laser titanium cookware provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of titanium metal-coated particles provided in this application.

[0054] The reference numerals include a pot body 10 , a non-stick coating 20 , a superconducting magnetic layer 30 , a nano-metal ceramic layer 21 , a nano-ceramic new material 22 , an outer shell layer 41 , a resin layer 42 , and an inner core layer 43 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments. Similar component numbers in the drawings represent similar components. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0056] It will be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

[0057] It should also be understood that the terms used in this specification of the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application. As used in the specification of the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] Referring to Figures 1-3, embodiments of the present application provide a laser titanium cookware. As can be seen from the figures, the laser titanium cookware comprises a pot body 10, a non-stick coating 20 disposed on the inner surface of the pot body, and a superconducting magnetic layer 30 disposed on the outer surface of the pot body. The non-stick coating 20 is composed of a nano-metal ceramic layer 21 formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification, and a nano-ceramic new material 22 formed by solidification, alternating multiple times. The surface of the non-stick coating 20 facing away from the pot body 10 comprises the nano-ceramic new material 22, while the surface of the non-stick coating 20 contacting the pot body 10 comprises the nano-metal ceramic layer 21.

[0060] The nano-metal ceramic layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% titanium metal coated particles, 70% nano-composite ceramic powder new material; the nano-composite ceramic powder new material is TiN, TiC, SiC, TiCN, TiB, Al2O3, La2O3, Y2O3, ZrO, MgO, Ca 10 (PO4)6(OH)2, Fe.

[0061] The new nano-ceramic material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% polymethylsiloxane, 10% hydroxy silicone oil, 3% low-melting-point glass powder, 10% silica sol, 7% silicon nitride, 10% nano-titanium dioxide, 10% nano-aluminum oxide, 7% nano-titanium, 3% wetting dispersant, 3% thickener, and 12% water.

[0062] Referring to Figure 4, the titanium metal-coated particles have a three-layer core-shell structure, the outer shell layer 41 is titanium metal, the inner core layer 43 is silicone oil, and there is a resin layer 42 between the outer shell layer 41 and the inner core layer 43. The resin layer 42 is a mixture of polymethylsiloxane and iron powder; in terms of mass percentage, the titanium metal accounts for 30%, the polymethylsiloxane accounts for 58%, the iron powder accounts for 2%, and the balance is silicone oil.

[0063] In this embodiment, the titanium metal-coated particles are nano-sized titanium powder and nano-sized iron powder, and can be prepared by the following steps:

[0064] 1. Add nano-iron powder to polymethylsiloxane and disperse evenly to obtain a resin solution;

[0065] 2. The resin solution and silicone oil are subjected to miniemulsion polymerization to prepare resin particles coated with silicone oil having a smooth surface and uniform particle size distribution;

[0066] 3. Atomizing the resin particles into nano-scale titanium metal, so that the nano-titanium metal is evenly attached to the surface of the resin particles, achieving the effect of titanium metal completely covering the resin particles, and obtaining the titanium metal-coated particles.

[0067] In this embodiment, the thickness of the superconducting magnetic layer is 500 μm, and the composition of the superconducting magnetic layer is:

[0068] 85% nickel-iron alloy, 1.8% carbon powder, 4% graphene, 2.2% chromium powder, 5% molybdenum powder, and 2% copper powder; the mass content of nickel in the nickel-iron alloy is 70%; and the particle size of the above powders is 0.01-6 microns.

[0069] In this embodiment, the particle size of the nano-composite ceramic powder new material is 0.01-6 microns; the particle size of the titanium metal-coated particles is 2-6 microns.

[0070] In this embodiment, the thickness of the non-stick coating is 300 μm, the thickness of the nano-metal ceramic layer is 10 μm, and the thickness of the nano-ceramic new material is 5 μm, which are alternately stacked 20 times.

[0071] In this embodiment, the pot body is made of stainless steel.

[0072] The present application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned laser titanium kitchenware, comprising the following steps:

[0073] S1. Sandblast the clean pot body;

[0074] S2, heating the pot body to 120-180°C, and performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidifying the nano-metal ceramic layer;

[0075] S3, coating the nano-ceramic new material on the nano-metal ceramic layer;

[0076] S4, repeating steps S2-S3 until the thickness reaches a predetermined value, and performing high-temperature melting and curing at 1200° C. to obtain a non-stick coating;

[0077] S5. Perform ultra-high-speed laser cladding to solidify the superconducting magnetic layer on the outer surface of the pot body.

[0078] Specifically, in step S2 of this embodiment, after the pot body is heated to 180°C, the powder material of the nano-metal ceramic layer is laser-cured on the dry and clean inner surface of the pot body. The curing process parameters are: power of 1.8kW, scanning speed of 10mm / s, spot diameter of 3mm, argon flow rate of 25L / min, and powder feed rate of 8g / min. After 15 seconds of natural cooling, a laser-cured coating is formed on the inner surface of the pot body. The surface of the laser-cured coating is then cleaned with argon gas at a pressure of 1.3MPa, and then ultra-high-speed laser remelting is performed to obtain the nano-metal ceramic layer. The ultra-high-speed laser remelting process parameters are: power of 250W, scanning speed of 12mm / s, spot diameter of 5mm, and argon flow rate of 28L / min.

[0079] Specifically, in step S3, after the nano-metal ceramic layer is obtained by the ultra-high-speed laser remelting process, it is blown clean with argon gas at a pressure of 1.0 MPa within 20 seconds to solidify the coating of the nano-ceramic new material, and the distance between the spray gun and the surface of the pot body is adjusted to 15 cm to ensure that the coating of the nano-ceramic new material covers the entire nano-metal ceramic layer. The waste heat of the ultra-high-speed laser remelting process is used to solidify the coating of the nano-ceramic new material to obtain the nano-ceramic new material.

[0080] Specifically, in step S5, the powder material of the superconducting magnetic layer is laser-cured on the outer surface of the pot body. The curing process parameters are: power of 1.5 kW, scanning speed of 8 mm / s, spot diameter of 3 mm, argon flow rate of 25 L / min, and powder feed rate of 8 g / min. After 15 seconds of natural cooling, a laser-cured coating is formed on the outer surface of the pot body. The surface of the laser-cured coating is then cleaned with argon gas at a pressure of 1-2 MPa, and then ultrahigh-speed laser remelting is performed to obtain the superconducting magnetic layer. The ultrahigh-speed laser remelting process parameters are: power of 250 W, scanning speed of 12 mm / s, spot diameter of 4 mm, and argon flow rate of 20 L / min.

[0081] In other embodiments, the overall preparation process for the laser titanium kitchenware includes: 1. stretching the disc into shape, 2. turning the edge, 3. cleaning, 4. sandblasting, 5. following the implementation process and implementation parameters of steps S2-S4, 6. internal polishing, 7. external sanding, 8. performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidifying the superconducting magnetic layer, and preparing it according to the implementation process and implementation parameters of step S5, 9. sanding, 10. curing, 11. assembling, and 12. packaging.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] The present invention provides a laser titanium cookware comprising a pot, a non-stick coating on the inner surface of the pot, and a superconducting magnetic layer on the outer surface of the pot. The non-stick coating is composed of a plurality of alternating layers of nano-metal ceramic layers formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification, and a new nano-ceramic material formed by solidification. The surface of the non-stick coating facing away from the pot is the new nano-ceramic material, while the surface of the non-stick coating facing the pot is the nano-metal ceramic layer.

[0084] The nano-metal ceramic layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% titanium metal coated particles, 75% nano-composite ceramic powder new material; the nano-composite ceramic powder new material is TiN, TiC, SiC, TiCN, TiB, Al2O3, La2O3, Y2O3, ZrO, MgO, Ca 10 (PO4)6(OH)2, Fe.

[0085] The new nano-ceramic material includes the following components in percentage by mass: 25% polymethylsiloxane, 10% hydroxy silicone oil, 3% low-melting-point glass powder, 10% silica sol, 7% silicon nitride, 10% nano-titanium dioxide, 10% nano-aluminum oxide, 7% nano-titanium, 3% wetting dispersant, 3% thickener, and 12% water.

[0086] The titanium metal-coated particles have a three-layer core-shell structure, wherein the outer shell is titanium metal, the inner core is silicone oil, and there is a resin layer between the outer shell and the inner core. The resin layer is a mixture of polymethylsiloxane and iron powder. In terms of mass percentage, the titanium metal accounts for 30%, the polymethylsiloxane accounts for 58%, the iron powder accounts for 2%, and the balance is silicone oil.

[0087] In this embodiment, the titanium metal-coated particles are nano-sized titanium powder and nano-sized iron powder, and can be prepared by the following steps:

[0088] 1. Add nano-iron powder to polymethylsiloxane and disperse evenly to obtain a resin solution;

[0089] 2. Using miniemulsion polymerization to prepare particles with smooth surface and uniform particle size distribution, resin particles coated with silicone oil are obtained;

[0090] 3. Atomizing the resin particles into nano-scale titanium metal, so that the nano-titanium metal is evenly attached to the surface of the resin particles, achieving the effect of titanium metal completely covering the resin particles, and obtaining the titanium metal-coated particles.

[0091] In this embodiment, the thickness of the superconducting magnetic layer is 450 μm, and the composition of the superconducting magnetic layer is:

[0092] 85% nickel-iron alloy, 1.8% carbon powder, 4% graphene, 2.2% chromium powder, 5% molybdenum powder, 2% copper powder; the mass content of nickel in the nickel-iron alloy is 70%.

[0093] In this embodiment, the particle size of the nano-composite ceramic powder new material is 0.01-6 microns; the particle size of the titanium metal-coated particles is 2-6 microns.

[0094] In this embodiment, the thickness of the non-stick coating is 300 μm, the thickness of the nano-metal ceramic layer is 8 μm, and the thickness of the nano-ceramic new material is 7 μm, which are alternately stacked 20 times.

[0095] In this embodiment, the pot body is made of stainless steel.

[0096] The present application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned laser titanium kitchenware, comprising the following steps:

[0097] S1. Sandblast the clean pot body;

[0098] S2, heating the pot body to 120-180°C, and performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidifying the nano-metal ceramic layer;

[0099] S3, coating the nano-ceramic new material on the nano-metal ceramic layer;

[0100] S4, repeating steps S2-S3 until the thickness reaches a predetermined value, and performing high-temperature melting and curing at 1200° C. to obtain a non-stick coating;

[0101] S5. Perform ultra-high-speed laser cladding to solidify the superconducting magnetic layer on the outer surface of the pot body.

[0102] Specifically, in step S2 of this embodiment, after the pot body is heated to 150°C, the powder material of the nano-metal ceramic layer is laser-cured on the dry and clean inner surface of the pot body. The curing process parameters are: power of 2.0kW, scanning speed of 11mm / s, spot diameter of 3mm, argon flow rate of 25L / min, and powder feed rate of 8g / min. After 15 seconds of natural cooling, a laser-cured coating is formed on the inner surface of the pot body. The surface of the laser-cured coating is then cleaned with argon gas at a pressure of 1.3MPa, and then ultra-high-speed laser remelting is performed to obtain the nano-metal ceramic layer. The ultra-high-speed laser remelting process parameters are: power of 250W, scanning speed of 12mm / s, spot diameter of 5mm, and argon flow rate of 28L / min.

[0103] Specifically, in step S3, after the nano-metal ceramic layer is obtained by the ultra-high-speed laser remelting process, it is blown clean with argon gas at a pressure of 1.0 MPa within 20 seconds to solidify the coating of the nano-ceramic new material, and the distance between the spray gun and the surface of the pot body is adjusted to 15 cm to ensure that the coating of the nano-ceramic new material covers the entire nano-metal ceramic layer. The waste heat of the ultra-high-speed laser remelting process is used to solidify the coating of the nano-ceramic new material to obtain the nano-ceramic new material.

[0104] Specifically, in step S5, the powder material of the superconducting magnetic layer is laser-cured on the outer surface of the pot body. The curing process parameters are: power of 1.8 kW, scanning speed of 8 mm / s, spot diameter of 3 mm, argon flow rate of 25 L / min, and powder feed rate of 8 g / min. After 15 seconds of natural cooling, a laser-cured coating is formed on the outer surface of the pot body. The surface of the laser-cured coating is then cleaned with argon gas at a pressure of 1-2 MPa, and then ultrahigh-speed laser remelting is performed to obtain the superconducting magnetic layer. The ultrahigh-speed laser remelting process parameters are: power of 250 W, scanning speed of 11 mm / s, spot diameter of 4 mm, and argon flow rate of 20 L / min.

[0105] In other embodiments, the overall preparation process for the laser titanium kitchenware includes: 1. stretching the disc into shape, 2. turning the edge, 3. cleaning, 4. sandblasting, 5. following the implementation process and implementation parameters of steps S2-S4, 6. internal polishing, 7. external sanding, 8. performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidifying the superconducting magnetic layer, and preparing it according to the implementation process and implementation parameters of step S5, 9. sanding, 10. curing, 11. assembling, and 12. packaging.

[0106] Example 3

[0107] The present invention provides a laser titanium cookware and its manufacturing method, comprising a pot, a non-stick coating on the inner surface of the pot, and a superconducting magnetic layer on the outer surface of the pot. The non-stick coating is composed of a plurality of alternating layers of nano-metal ceramic layers formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification, and a new nano-ceramic material formed by solidification. The surface of the non-stick coating facing away from the pot is the new nano-ceramic material, while the surface of the non-stick coating facing the pot is the nano-metal ceramic layer.

[0108] The nano-metal ceramic layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% titanium metal coated particles, 80% nano-composite ceramic powder new material; the nano-composite ceramic powder new material is TiN, TiC, SiC, TiCN, TiB, Al2O3, La2O3, Y2O3, ZrO, MgO, Ca 10 (PO4)6(OH)2, Fe.

[0109] The new nano-ceramic material includes the following components in percentage by mass: 25% polymethylsiloxane, 10% hydroxy silicone oil, 3% low-melting-point glass powder, 10% silica sol, 7% silicon nitride, 10% nano-titanium dioxide, 10% nano-aluminum oxide, 7% nano-titanium, 3% wetting dispersant, 3% thickener, and 12% water.

[0110] The titanium metal-coated particles have a three-layer core-shell structure, wherein the outer shell is titanium metal, the inner core is silicone oil, and there is a resin layer between the outer shell and the inner core. The resin layer is a mixture of polymethylsiloxane and iron powder. In terms of mass percentage, the titanium metal accounts for 30%, the polymethylsiloxane accounts for 58%, the iron powder accounts for 2%, and the balance is silicone oil.

[0111] In this embodiment, the titanium metal-coated particles are nano-sized titanium powder and nano-sized iron powder, and can be prepared by the following steps:

[0112] 1. Add nano-iron powder to polymethylsiloxane and disperse evenly to obtain a resin solution;

[0113] 2. Using miniemulsion polymerization to prepare particles with smooth surface and uniform particle size distribution, resin particles coated with silicone oil are obtained;

[0114] 3. Atomizing the resin particles into nano-scale titanium metal, so that the nano-titanium metal is evenly attached to the surface of the resin particles, achieving the effect of titanium metal completely covering the resin particles, and obtaining the titanium metal-coated particles.

[0115] In this embodiment, the thickness of the superconducting magnetic layer is 400 μm, and the composition of the superconducting magnetic layer is:

[0116] 85% nickel-iron alloy, 1.8% carbon powder, 4% graphene, 2.2% chromium powder, 5% molybdenum powder, 2% copper powder; the mass content of nickel in the nickel-iron alloy is 70%.

[0117] In this embodiment, the particle size of the nano-composite ceramic powder new material is 0.01-6 microns; the particle size of the titanium metal-coated particles is 2-6 microns.

[0118] In this embodiment, the thickness of the non-stick coating is 150 μm, the thickness of the nano-metal ceramic layer is 12 μm, and the thickness of the nano-ceramic new material is 3 μm, which are alternately stacked 10 times.

[0119] In this embodiment, the pot body is made of aluminum.

[0120] The present application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned laser titanium kitchenware, comprising the following steps:

[0121] S1. Sandblast the clean pot body;

[0122] S2, heating the pot body to 120-180°C, and performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidifying the nano-metal ceramic layer;

[0123] S3, coating the nano-ceramic new material on the nano-metal ceramic layer;

[0124] S4, repeating steps S2-S3 until the thickness reaches a predetermined value, and performing high-temperature melting and curing at 450° C. to obtain a non-stick coating;

[0125] S5. Perform ultra-high-speed laser cladding to solidify the superconducting magnetic layer on the outer surface of the pot body.

[0126] Specifically, in step S2 of this embodiment, after the pot body is heated to 160°C, the powder material of the nano-metal ceramic layer is laser-cured on the dry and clean inner surface of the pot body. The curing process parameters are: power of 2.0kW, scanning speed of 10mm / s, spot diameter of 3mm, argon flow rate of 25L / min, and powder feed rate of 8g / min. After 15 seconds of natural cooling, a laser-cured coating is formed on the inner surface of the pot body. The surface of the laser-cured coating is then cleaned with argon gas at a pressure of 1.5MPa, and then ultra-high-speed laser remelting is performed to obtain the nano-metal ceramic layer. The ultra-high-speed laser remelting process parameters are: power of 200W, scanning speed of 12mm / s, spot diameter of 5mm, and argon flow rate of 28L / min.

[0127] Specifically, in step S3, after the nano-metal ceramic layer is obtained by the ultra-high-speed laser remelting process, it is blown clean with argon gas at a pressure of 1.0 MPa within 20 seconds to solidify the coating of the nano-ceramic new material, and the distance between the spray gun and the surface of the pot body is adjusted to 15 cm to ensure that the coating of the nano-ceramic new material covers the entire nano-metal ceramic layer. The waste heat of the ultra-high-speed laser remelting process is used to solidify the coating of the nano-ceramic new material to obtain the nano-ceramic new material.

[0128] Specifically, in step S5, the powder material of the superconducting magnetic layer is laser-cured on the outer surface of the pot body. The curing process parameters are: power of 1.5 kW, scanning speed of 8 mm / s, spot diameter of 3 mm, argon flow rate of 25 L / min, and powder feed rate of 8 g / min. After 15 seconds of natural cooling, a laser-cured coating is formed on the outer surface of the pot body. The surface of the laser-cured coating is then cleaned with argon gas at a pressure of 1-2 MPa, and then ultrahigh-speed laser remelting is performed to obtain the superconducting magnetic layer. The ultrahigh-speed laser remelting process parameters are: power of 200 W, scanning speed of 8 mm / s, spot diameter of 4 mm, and argon flow rate of 20 L / min.

[0129] In other embodiments, the overall preparation process for the laser titanium kitchenware includes: 1. stretching the disc into shape, 2. turning the edge, 3. cleaning, 4. sandblasting, 5. following the implementation process and implementation parameters of steps S2-S4, 6. internal polishing, 7. external sanding, 8. performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidifying the superconducting magnetic layer, and preparing it according to the implementation process and implementation parameters of step S5, 9. sanding, 10. curing, 11. assembling, and 12. packaging.

[0130] Comparative Example 1: This differs from Example 1 in that the non-stick coating is a nano-metal ceramic layer formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and curing, and does not contain any new nano-ceramic material. During preparation, the nano-metal ceramic layer exhibited high hardness and poor toughness, resulting in cracking during the bottom shaping process of the resulting cookware, failing to meet product quality requirements.

[0131] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that the non-stick coating is a new nano-ceramic material formed by solidification and does not contain a nano-metal ceramic layer.

[0132] Comparative Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that the composition of the nano metal ceramic layer is 10% titanium metal coated particles and 90% nano composite ceramic powder new material.

[0133] Comparative Example 4: The difference from Example 1 is that the composition of the nano-metal ceramic layer is 60% titanium metal-coated particles and 40% nano-composite ceramic powder new material.

[0134] Comparative Example 5: The difference from Example 1 is that the composition of the nano-metal ceramic layer does not contain titanium metal coated particles, and the titanium metal coated particles are replaced by nano-titanium powder, resin and silicone oil in the same proportion.

[0135] Comparative Example 6: The difference from Example 1 is that the thickness of the non-stick coating is 300 μm, the thickness of the nano-metal ceramic layer is 25 μm, and the thickness of the nano-ceramic new material is 5 μm, and they are alternately stacked 20 times.

[0136] Comparative Example 7: The difference from Example 1 is that the pot body does not contain a superconducting magnetic layer, and the preparation method does not contain step S5.

[0137] Performance Testing

[0138] The kitchenware provided in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were subjected to performance tests. The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0139] Among them, the test method for wear resistance is to use 3M-7447 scouring pad to apply 3kg static vertical pressure on the kitchenware, rubbing it back and forth. One cycle is the back and forth. Replace the scouring pad every 1,000 times and record the number of cycles.

[0140] The high-temperature resistance test method is to place the kitchenware in a constant temperature box at 350±5℃ and keep it for 0.5 hours. After taking it out, it will be naturally cooled to room temperature. After the test, if there is no abnormality such as discoloration, blistering, melting, shedding, cracking, etc. on the kitchenware coating, it is judged that the kitchenware can withstand the temperature. Then, the temperature of the constant temperature box is gradually increased by 50℃ to test the maximum temperature resistance of the kitchenware.

[0141] The test method for long-lasting non-stick properties is to heat the surface temperature of the pan to 140℃~150℃, put in cracked egg liquid, and continue heating to 190℃~240℃. After the egg white is basically solidified, use a plastic spatula to turn the egg over, and record the maximum number of times the egg can be fried under the non-stick effect.

[0142] The hardness test method is measured in accordance with GB / T 40737-2021, and 500HV is used as the qualified standard for laser titanium hardness according to enterprise standards.

[0143] Thermal efficiency testing involves turning on the intelligent programmable variable frequency power supply, setting the voltage to 220V, pressing the start switch, and then pressing the power switch on the display. Add 500ml of room-temperature water to the sample. Connect the induction cooker to the highest power setting and heat until the water boils. Record the power and time required to boil, and calculate the thermal efficiency.

[0144] The test methods and standards for coating adhesion fastness, thermal shock stability, alkali resistance, acid resistance, and salt water corrosion resistance are carried out in accordance with the test items and test methods required by the national standard GB / T 2421-1998.

[0145] Table 1:

[0146] According to the results in Table 1, the laser titanium kitchenware provided in Example 1 of the present application has good hardness and wear resistance, can withstand high temperatures of 550°C, and has long-lasting non-stick properties. This is the result of alternating superposition of nano-ceramic layers and new nano-ceramic materials to achieve the high hardness, wear resistance, and long-lasting non-stick properties of the non-stick coating. The kitchenware of Comparative Example 2 only has new nano-ceramic materials, which have certain non-stick properties, but their wear resistance is poor and the long-lasting non-stick effect is not good. In the kitchenware of Comparative Example 3, the content of titanium metal-coated particles in the nano-ceramic layer is low, which affects the hardness and long-lasting non-stick properties of the coating. In the kitchenware of Comparative Example 4, the content of titanium metal-coated particles in the nano-ceramic layer is high. Since the titanium metal-coated particles contain resin and silicone oil, the bonding force between the new nano-ceramic material and the nano-ceramic layer is weak, which affects the hardness and long-lasting non-stick properties of the non-stick coating. At the same time, the adhesion between the coatings is low and the wear resistance will also deteriorate. The titanium metal-coated particles in Comparative Example 5 were replaced with nano-titanium powder, resin, and silicone oil in the same proportions. During ultra-high-speed laser cladding and curing, the resin and silicone oil evaporated at high temperatures, and the resulting nano-metal ceramic layer lost its non-stick effect. Therefore, when the surface layer of the non-stick coating - the new nano-ceramic material - wore away, the kitchenware lost its non-stick effect. The nano-metal ceramic layer in Comparative Example 6 had a thickness of 25 μm. When the kitchenware was reshaped, microcracks appeared in the coating. Even if the cracks were covered by the new nano-ceramic material, high temperatures would cause the cracks to worsen. As can be seen from the data in Comparative Example 7, the superconducting magnetic layer has a high magnetic permeability and can significantly improve the thermal efficiency of the kitchenware when used.

[0147] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0148] The above description is a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and such modifications or substitutions should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A laser titanium kitchenware, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pot body and a non-stick coating arranged on the inner surface of the pot body; the non-stick coating is a nano-metal ceramic layer formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification; or the non-stick coating is obtained by superimposing a nano-metal ceramic layer formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification and a nano-ceramic new material formed by solidification; or the non-stick coating is formed by alternately superimposing a nano-metal ceramic layer formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding and solidification and a nano-ceramic new material formed by solidification for multiple times; The nano metal ceramic layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-45% titanium metal coated particles and 55-85% nano composite ceramic powder new material; The nano ceramic new material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% polymethylsiloxane, 0.5-20% hydroxy silicone oil, 1-5% low melting point glass powder, 6-10% silica sol, 5-10% silicon nitride, 5-10% nano titanium dioxide, 8-12% nano aluminum oxide, 6-8% nano titanium, 3-6% wetting dispersant, 2-4% thickener, and 10-15% water; The nanocomposite ceramic powder new material is selected from at least one of titanium nitride, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide nitride, titanium boride, aluminum oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxyphosphate, and iron powder; The titanium metal coated particles have a three-layer core-shell structure, wherein the outer shell layer is titanium metal, the inner core layer is silicone oil, and a resin layer is between the outer shell layer and the inner core layer. The resin layer is a mixture of polymethylsiloxane and iron powder. In terms of mass percentage, the titanium metal accounts for 10-40%, the polymethylsiloxane accounts for 55-70%, the iron powder accounts for 0.5-2%, and the balance is silicone oil.

2. The laser titanium kitchenware according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the nano-composite ceramic powder new material is 0.01-6 μm; the particle size of the titanium metal coated particles is 2-6 μm.

3. The laser titanium kitchenware according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the non-stick coating is 30-1000 μm.

4. The laser titanium kitchenware according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the nano metal ceramic layer is 5 to 20 μm.

5. The laser titanium kitchenware according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the new nano ceramic material is 1 to 8 μm.

6. The laser titanium kitchenware according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the pot body is provided with a superconducting magnetic layer with a thickness of 300-600 μm.

7. The laser titanium kitchenware according to claim 5, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, the superconducting magnetic layer includes the following mass percentage components: 80-92% nickel-iron alloy, 0.03-2.5% carbon powder, 2-6% graphene, 1-3.5% chromium powder, 4-6% molybdenum powder, 0.5-3% copper powder; the mass content of nickel in the nickel-iron alloy is 65-79%.

8. The laser titanium kitchenware according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the pot body is any one of aluminum, iron, stainless steel, copper, titanium and ceramic.

9. A method for preparing the laser titanium kitchenware according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Sandblast the cleaned pot body; preparing a non-stick coating on the inner surface of the pot body; The preparation method of the non-stick coating comprises: heating the pot body to 120-180° C., performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and curing of the powder material of the nano-metal ceramic layer to obtain a nano-metal ceramic layer of a preset thickness, and then performing high-temperature melting and curing at 293-1693° C. to obtain the non-stick coating; Alternatively, the preparation method of the non-stick coating comprises: heating the pot body to 120-180° C., performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and curing of the powder material of the nano-metal ceramic layer to obtain a nano-metal ceramic layer; curing the coating of the nano-ceramic new material on the nano-metal ceramic layer to obtain the nano-ceramic new material, and then performing high-temperature melting and curing at 293-1693° C. to obtain a non-stick coating with a preset thickness; Alternatively, the preparation method of the non-stick coating includes: S2, heating the pot body to 120-180°C, performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding and curing of the powder material of the nano-metal ceramic layer to obtain a nano-metal ceramic layer; S3, curing a coating of a nano-ceramic new material on the nano-metal ceramic layer to obtain a nano-ceramic new material; repeating steps S2-S3 to a preset thickness, performing high-temperature melting and curing at 293-1693°C to obtain a non-stick coating.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes: The outer surface of the pot body is subjected to ultra-high-speed laser cladding to solidify the superconducting magnetic layer.

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