Glazing element which can be illuminated and has controllable optical properties

Abstract

The invention relates to a glazing element (101) which can be illuminated and has controllable optical properties, comprising a laminated pane (100) comprising an outer pane (1), an inner pane (2) and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) located therebetween, a functional element (4) located within the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) and having controllable optical properties, a barrier layer (6) provided for reducing plasticizer diffusion and having at least one opaque region (8), and a light source (5) for coupling visible light (7) into the laminated pane (100), wherein the light source (5) is located in a portion (B) of the inner pane (2) which is at least partially not in overlap with the functional element (4), and wherein the opaque region (8) of the barrier layer (6) extends at least over the portion (B) and is in direct spatial contact with the functional element (4) at least in an edge region (R1) of the functional element (4).

Description

[0001] Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0002] Illuminatable glazing element with controllable optical properties

[0003] The invention relates to an illuminateable glazing element with controllable optical properties.

[0004] Illuminated glazing elements are known as such. They are equipped with a light source whose light is coupled into an optical fiber, usually a glass pane, and propagates due to total internal reflection. Often, the light is coupled back out of the optical fiber by coupling elements, thus achieving illumination. The shape of the coupling elements is freely selectable, so that illuminated surfaces of any shape, for example as patterns, can be created. Illuminated glazing elements of this type are known, for example, from WG2014 / 060409A1 or WO2014 / 167291A1.

[0005] In the automotive sector, such illuminated glazing elements are particularly interesting as roof panels. The glazing element is typically designed as a laminated pane, with the light coupled into the inner pane. However, such illuminated glazing elements can also be used for other vehicle windows, as well as for windows in buildings, architecture, or furnishings. The coupling elements create illuminated surfaces that can be used to display aesthetically pleasing shapes and patterns, or to present information, such as directional arrows, status indicators, warnings, price lists, or similar elements.

[0006] Several methods are known for coupling the light from the light source into the optical waveguide, which is typically a glass pane. The light source (usually a light-emitting diode) can be positioned at the side edge, so that the light is emitted into the glass pane via the side edge and thus coupled in. However, such coupling is often impossible, particularly because the side edge of the glass pane is usually ground to increase its mechanical stability, resulting in a cloudy surface.

[0007] US patent 2020241189A1 proposes coupling light in via a major surface of the glass pane. For this purpose, a reflective structure is attached to the surface of the glass pane facing away from the light source. The reflective structure has sections inclined towards the glass pane surface. The reflective structure is patented by Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT.

[0008] The light source shines through the glass pane, reflecting off the inclined sections in such a way that it spreads across the surfaces of the glass pane due to total internal reflection. One problem with this solution concerns the emission of light into the surrounding environment, as a portion of the emitted light passes through the reflective structure. This residual light can be perceived as disturbing or irritating from the outside. When used in road traffic, it can even lead to unwanted distraction or irritation of other road users, thus posing a safety risk. This residual light is often still visible from the surrounding environment even when the glass pane has a printed overprint in the area of ​​the light source.

[0009] Illuminated glazing elements often exhibit additional controllable optical properties. They comprise laminated panes equipped with functional elements whose optical properties can be modified by an applied electrical voltage. The electrical voltage is applied via a control unit connected to two surface electrodes of the functional element, between which the active layer of the functional element is located. An example of such functional elements are SPD (suspended particle device) functional elements, known, for example, from EP0876608B1 and WO2011033313A1. The applied voltage allows the transmission of visible light through SPD functional elements to be controlled. Another example is PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal) functional elements, known, for example, from DE102008026339A1.The active layer contains liquid crystals embedded in a polymer matrix. When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystals are randomly oriented, resulting in strong scattering of the light passing through the active layer. When a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals align in a common direction, increasing the transmission of light through the active layer. The PDLC functional element works less by reducing overall transmission than by increasing scattering, thus preventing unobstructed view or providing glare protection.

[0010] Such glazing elements can be used, for example, as vehicle windows whose light transmission behavior can then be electrically controlled. They can be used, for example, as roof windows to reduce glare. Such roof windows are known, for example, from DE10043141A1 and EP3456913A1. Functional elements with controllable optical properties (Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT) often require sealants in the form of barrier layers to protect them from moisture or plasticizers from the interlayer.

[0011] The present invention aims to provide an improved glazing element that is largely free from the visual perception of uncoupled residual light from the light source by an external environment. The glazing element should also be inexpensive to manufacture.

[0012] The object of the present invention is solved by a glazing element according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims.

[0013] The illuminateable glazing element according to the invention, with controllable optical properties, comprises a laminated pane and a light source for coupling visible light into the laminated pane. The laminated pane comprises an outer pane, an inner pane, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer arranged planar between the inner and outer panes. The laminated pane also comprises a functional element with controllable optical properties arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least one barrier layer for reducing plasticizer diffusion. The barrier layer has at least one opaque region. In other words, the barrier layer is opaque at least in certain areas.

[0014] The light source is designed to couple light into the laminated pane. The light from the light source can, for example, be coupled into the inner pane via an optical fiber; alternatively, it can be coupled into an additional optical fiber located between the functional element and the inner pane. The light source is positioned relative to the laminated pane in such a way that it couples visible light into the laminated pane during operation.

[0015] In the context of the invention, the term "barrier layer for reducing plasticizer diffusion" means that the barrier layer is designed such that the diffusion of plasticizers through the barrier layer is reduced compared to the plasticizer diffusion through the surrounding thermoplastic intermediate layer. The barrier layer is intended to reduce, and in particular essentially prevent, the diffusion of plasticizers from the thermoplastic intermediate layer to the functional element, especially to the active layer of the functional element. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0016] According to the invention, the light source is arranged in a partial area of ​​the inner pane. This partial area of ​​the inner pane is at least partially free of overlap with the functional element; that is, when viewed through the composite pane, it is at least partially not overlapping with the functional element. When referring to "viewing through the composite pane," the direction of view, as defined by the invention, is perpendicular to the main surface of the composite pane. Therefore, it does not refer to an oblique view of or through the composite pane.

[0017] The term "within the thermoplastic interlayer" means that the functional element is completely enclosed by the interlayer, i.e., it is located within the boundaries of the thermoplastic interlayer. It goes without saying that additional layers, such as a barrier layer, can be arranged between the interlayer and the functional element, and are therefore also located within the thermoplastic interlayer.

[0018] According to the invention, the opaque area of ​​the barrier layer extends, when viewed through the laminated glass, at least over a portion of the inner pane. In other words, when viewed through the laminated glass, the opaque area of ​​the barrier layer coincides with the entire portion of the inner pane. The barrier layer is in direct spatial contact with the functional element, at least in an edge region. "Direct spatial contact" means that the barrier layer is in immediate contact with the functional element, without any further layers or elements being arranged between the edge region of the functional element and the barrier layer.

[0019] The functional element has an outer surface facing the outer pane and an inner surface facing the inner pane. The barrier layer is preferably located on the inner surface of the functional element in contact with it. The functional element also has a circumferential edge surface that connects the inner surface of the functional element with the outer surface. The term "edge region" of the functional element can refer to a region of the functional element on either the inner or outer surface. The edge region is directly adjacent to the edge surface of the functional element.The term "edge area" does not necessarily refer to the entire surrounding edge area of ​​the functional element, i.e., the area, Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220- WO-PCT, which extends like a frame along the entire edge surface, but may also refer only to a section of the surrounding edge area of ​​the functional element.

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, all elements of the laminated glass unit mentioned here, which are arranged between the outer and inner panes, are arranged "flatly" or "flatly stacked on top of each other." In other words, the main surfaces of these elements are essentially parallel to the surfaces of the outer and inner panes. The "thickness" or "layer thickness" of an element refers to its dimension that is essentially orthogonal to the main surface of the element. The main surface of the element describes the surface of the element with the largest extent.

[0021] The opaque barrier layer absorbs the visible light emitted by the light source, preventing it from being coupled into the laminated glass. This means that when looking at the outer pane of the laminated glass, no visible light is perceptible in the area of ​​the light source (the portion of the inner pane), as light loss—that is, light that is unintentionally not coupled into the laminated glass—cannot reach the outer pane due to the at least partially opaque barrier layer. Simultaneously, the barrier layer prevents the diffusion of plasticizers to the functional element. Using the barrier layer according to the invention to prevent light emission in the area of ​​the light source reduces costs, as it allows two different functions to be achieved with just one component of the laminated glass.

[0022] For the purposes of this invention, "transparent" means a light transmission (according to ISO 9050:2003) of at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, and particularly preferably at least 90%. "Semitransparent" (according to ISO 9050:2003) means a light transmission of less than 70%, preferably at most 50%, and particularly preferably at most 5%. "Optical" means a light transmission (according to ISO 9050:2003) of less than 5%, preferably less than 0.1%, and particularly less than 0%.

[0023] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the barrier layer in the opaque region has an optical density of at least 3.0, particularly preferably 3.2, and more preferably 3.5. In particular, the barrier layer has an optical density of at least 3.0, particularly preferably 3.2, and more preferably 3.5 across all regions (i.e., the entire barrier layer). Optical density is a measure of the absorption of visible light by a material. It indicates how much visible light is absorbed from light propagating through the material. The higher the optical density, the more visible light is absorbed.

[0024] Light is absorbed, and consequently, less visible light is transmitted completely through the material. A value of 0 can be used as a reference. At an optical density of 0, the material absorbs no light at all.

[0025] The laminated glass pane is designed to separate an interior space from the outside environment in a window opening of a vehicle or building. In this context, the term "inner pane" refers to the pane facing the interior (vehicle interior) as used in the invention. The term "outer pane" refers to the pane facing the outside environment. However, the invention is not limited to these terms. The inner pane has an interior surface facing away from the interlayer and an exterior surface facing the thermoplastic interlayer. If the inner pane of the laminated glass pane is simultaneously the optical waveguide designed to transmit visible light from the light source, then the exterior surface of the optical waveguide is the exterior surface of the inner pane, and the interior surface of the optical waveguide is correspondingly the interior surface of the inner pane.The inner surface of the inner pane is also the inner surface of the laminated pane. The outer pane has an outer surface facing away from the thermoplastic interlayer and an inner surface facing the thermoplastic interlayer. The outer surface of the outer pane is also the outer surface of the laminated pane. The laminated pane can be flat or curved in one or more directions.

[0026] For the purposes of this invention, "optical waveguide" refers to a light-conducting medium, preferably a glass or plastic disc, designed such that light can be coupled into the optical waveguide by utilizing the effect of total internal reflection, and is also suitable for conducting coupled light. The principle of light conduction by means of total internal reflection is generally known to those skilled in the art and is described in more detail, for example, in W02008 / 047442A1, JP2011086547A, or JP2015043321A. The optical waveguide is thus designed such that light from a light source can be coupled into the optical waveguide and propagate within it.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the entire barrier layer is opaque. In other words, the barrier layer is completely opaque and has no transparent or semi-transparent areas. This leads to an even more cost-effective production of the glazing element according to the invention, since partial coloring of the barrier layer is no longer necessary. (Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220- WO-PCT)

[0028] Achieving opacity in certain areas would involve additional process steps or be more expensive to purchase.

[0029] In a further preferred embodiment of the glazing element, the thermoplastic interlayer comprises at least a first thermoplastic interlayer and a second thermoplastic interlayer. The functional element is arranged between the first and second thermoplastic interlayers. The second thermoplastic interlayer is preferably arranged between the functional element and the inner pane, and the first thermoplastic interlayer is arranged between the outer pane and the functional element. In the laminated glass unit, the functional element is thus located within the thermoplastic interlayer, and the outer and inner panes are firmly bonded to each other via the thermoplastic interlayer.

[0030] Particularly preferably, the second thermoplastic intermediate film is arranged between the functional element and the inner disc, and the barrier layer is arranged between the functional element and the second thermoplastic intermediate film. The barrier layer thus prevents, at least in certain sections, plasticizers from the second thermoplastic intermediate film from penetrating into the functional element.

[0031] Alternatively or in addition to the first and second thermoplastic intermediate films, a frame-shaped thermoplastic intermediate film can be arranged around the functional element. The functional element preferably extends only over a central area of ​​the laminated panel. The laminated panel thus has a region free of the functional element, which extends around it. This arrangement prevents moisture from penetrating the functional element via the edge surface of the laminated panel. However, such an arrangement also results in thickness variations, which can be compensated for by the frame-shaped thermoplastic intermediate film. Together, the functional element and the frame-shaped thermoplastic intermediate film extend essentially over the entire surface of the laminated panel.The frame-shaped, surrounding thermoplastic intermediate film is part of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

[0032] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the portion of the inner pane is arranged completely without overlap with the functional element. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT means that, when viewed through the laminated pane from the inner pane, this portion of the inner pane does not cover the functional element, and consequently, the light source also does not cover the functional element when viewed through the laminated pane. This is particularly advantageous when the functional element is a PDLC functional element, which exhibits particularly high light scattering in certain optical states. Light that is misdirected by the light source and strikes the PDLC functional element would thus create irritating light effects for users.

[0033] The description that, for example, an element A completely overlaps or covers an element B means, within the meaning of the invention, that the orthonormal projection from element A to the plane of the surface of element B is completely contained within element B. The description that, for example, an element A partially overlaps or covers an element B means, within the meaning of the invention, that the orthonormal projection from element A to the plane of the surface of element B is partially, but not completely, contained within element B. In this context, "elements" can also refer to regions of elements.

[0034] In a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the light source is arranged relative to the composite disk such that the visible light emitted by the light source can be coupled into the inner disk. In this embodiment, the inner disk is therefore the optical waveguide, which is designed to guide the visible light from the light source.

[0035] The light source can, for example, be located in a recess in the inner pane. This recess is preferably a hole, i.e., a through-hole, extending between the outer and inner surfaces of the inner pane. Alternatively, the recess can also be a depression similar to a blind hole (sack-like depression), extending from the outer or inner surface into the inner pane without reaching the opposite main surface, thus creating a through-hole.

[0036] The recess can be created, for example, by mechanical drilling or laser processing in the inner pane. The recess is preferably round, but can in principle have any shape, including polygonal shapes. This refers to the base area of ​​the recess on the surface of the Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT.

[0037] An inner disk through which the recess is formed. The recess has the overall shape of a cylinder, preferably a vertical cylinder (extending from the inner surface of the inner disk to the outer surface of the inner disk). The cylinder is preferably a circular cylinder (circular base), but can also have any other base shape, for example an elliptical base (elliptical cylinder) or a polygonal base (prism).

[0038] The recess, whether a feedthrough or a depression, is bounded by a circumferential edge surface that extends between the main surfaces of the inner disk. In the case of a feedthrough, this is the only boundary surface of the recess. In the case of a sac-like depression, there is a further boundary surface that faces the main surface of the optical fiber to which the depression does not extend, and which effectively forms the bottom of the sac-like cavity.

[0039] The light source is arranged on the edge surface of the recess in the inner pane, preferably attached, in particular glued, or arranged in a socket fixed to the recess. The visible light is then coupled into the inner pane via the inner edge surface and propagates within the inner pane under the effect of total internal reflection.

[0040] Alternatively, the light source can be arranged on the inner surface of the inner pane, and a coupling means can be arranged between the inner pane and the light source or on the outer surface of the inner pane, which refracts or reflects the incident light emitted by the light source in such a way that it can be coupled into the inner pane.

[0041] In a second embodiment of the invention, an optical waveguide is arranged between the outer and inner panes, and the light source is positioned relative to the laminated pane such that the visible light emitted by the light source can be coupled into the optical waveguide. The light source is preferably located on the inner surface of the inner pane. A coupling element is preferably arranged between the optical waveguide and the light source, more preferably between the inner pane and the light source, or on the surface of the optical waveguide facing the outer pane. The coupling element refracts or reflects the light emitted by the light source and incident upon it, so that it can be coupled into the optical waveguide. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0042] For the purposes of this invention, "visible light" means light with a wavelength of 400 nm to 800 nm.

[0043] The outer pane is preferably 0.5 mm to 10 mm thick, and particularly preferably 1 mm to 5 mm thick. The outer pane is preferably made of soda-lime glass. The thermoplastic interlayer has a thickness of, for example, 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm (sum of all interlayer films). The interlayer is particularly preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), or polyurethane (PU). This means that all thermoplastic films are preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), or polyurethane (PU). Furthermore, the films or the entire interlayer can contain other components, such as plasticizers, stabilizers, or UV or IR blockers.

[0044] The inner pane is preferably made of soda-lime glass, as is common for window panes. Alternatively, the inner pane can also be made of other types of glass, such as borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, or quartz glass. The inner pane can also be made of plastic. If the inner pane is made of plastic, it is preferably made of a clear, rigid plastic, particularly preferably polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The thickness of the inner pane is preferably from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, and particularly preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm. If the inner pane is the optical waveguide, it preferably has an iron oxide content of at most 1%, and particularly preferably at most 0.1%. This low iron oxide content makes the inner pane particularly suitable as an optical waveguide for visible light.If the inner disk of the optical waveguide is clear, it preferably has no significant tints or colors to ensure efficient light propagation. The outer disk can also be clear, tinted, or colored.

[0045] If the inner pane is not the optical waveguide, the optical waveguide is arranged between the inner and outer panes and preferably has a thickness of 0.03 mm to 1.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 mm to 1 mm. Such an optical waveguide is preferably made of soda-lime glass or, alternatively, of other types of glass, for example, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, or quartz glass. The optical waveguide can also be a flexible optical film and function as a transparent layer, for example, a PET film with a thickness of 30 pm to 200 pm. The optical waveguide made of mineral glass preferably has an iron oxide content of a maximum of 1%, particularly preferably a maximum of 0.1% (Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT). The optical waveguide is preferably clear and has no significant tints or colors to ensure efficient light propagation. The outer pane can also be clear, tinted, or colored.

[0046] Regardless of whether the inner disk is the optical waveguide or the optical waveguide is arranged between the functional element and the inner disk, the optical waveguide preferably has a light transmission of at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 80%, and most preferably at least 90% (according to ISO 9050:2003).

[0047] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a coupling element, preferably a microprism film, is arranged between the light source and the barrier layer. The coupling element is preferably arranged on the optical waveguide of the composite disk. The optical waveguide can be the inner disk of the composite disk or arranged as an additional element between the functional element and the inner disk. Regardless of this, the optical waveguide has an outer surface facing the functional element and an inner surface facing away from the functional element. Preferably, the optical waveguide is the inner disk of the composite disk. The coupling element is arranged such that light emitted by the light source strikes the coupling element and is subsequently coupled into the optical waveguide by means of reflection or refraction at the coupling element.Before reaching the coupling element, the light from the light source can transmit through other elements of the composite disk. For example, the light from the light source can first transmit through the inner disk before reaching the coupling element. Even after the light has reached the coupling element and been refracted or reflected there, it can transmit through further elements of the composite disk before being coupled into the optical waveguide. In a transmission view through the composite disk, the coupling element is aligned with the opaque region of the barrier layer.

[0048] In a first particularly preferred embodiment, the coupling means is a reflective structure. The reflective structure is preferably formed in or applied to the outer surface of the optical waveguide. The reflective structure has a plurality of inclined sections with reflective surfaces and is configured such that the light incident on and passing through the optical waveguide is reflected at the reflective surface of the inclined sections and is at least partially re-coupled into the optical waveguide. The light from the light source is at least partially reflected by the reflective surface of the inclined sections at a coupling angle into the optical waveguide and coupled into it.The light from the light source preferably enters the optical waveguide via the inner surface and then strikes the reflective structure, allowing it to be coupled into the optical waveguide. Before the light reaches the inner surface of the optical waveguide, it may have passed through other elements of the optical waveguide (i.e., been transmitted through them). More precisely:

[0049] - If the reflective structure is located on the outer surface: the light from the light source enters the inner surface of the optical waveguide, then transmits through the optical waveguide, strikes the outer surface of the optical waveguide, and is reflected there by the reflective structure. The reflective structure is therefore a part of the outer surface of the optical waveguide, and the light is reflected by this part.

[0050] Alternatively, if the reflective structure is applied to the outer surface of the optical waveguide: the light from the light source enters the inner surface of the optical waveguide, transmits through the optical waveguide, exits the optical waveguide via the outer surface, and is reflected by the reflective structure. Preferably, the light exiting the optical waveguide passes through the reflective structure and is reflected by its surface facing away from the optical waveguide, which forms the reflective surface of the inclined sections. For the purposes of this invention, "inclined sections" means that the reflective structure has one or more regions that are inclined relative to the surface of the optical waveguide facing away from the functional element.

[0051] The reflective structure is preferably provided with a reflective coating, which is responsible for the reflective properties of the structure. The reflective coating is preferably arranged, or preferably applied, to the surface of the reflective structure facing away from the optical waveguide. The reflective coating comprises at least one reflective layer based on a metal or metal alloy. This increases the reflectivity of the reflective coating.

[0052] The reflective structure is preferably a microprism film. The microprism film is applied to the outer surface of the optical waveguide, for example, by gluing. The reflective surface of the reflective structure is preferably oriented away from the optical waveguide. The microprism film is transparent except for the reflective surface. After entering the optical waveguide, the light from the light source exits the waveguide via the outer surface, passes through the microprism film, and strikes its reflective surface, where it is reflected and passes back through the microprism film before re-entering the optical waveguide via the outer surface.

[0053] A microprism film is a flexible, particularly film-like, polymeric film having a smooth surface facing the optical waveguide and, in particular, arranged on it, and a structured surface facing away from the optical waveguide. The structured surface is formed as a planar arrangement of a plurality of prisms with dimensions in the micrometer range, the prism surfaces forming the inclined sections of the reflective structure. Preferably, the structured surface of the microprism film is coated with a reflective coating. The microprisms act, in particular, as reflective prisms and reflect the incident light in a direction that depends on the inclination angle of the prism surfaces and the angle of incidence of the light. Microprism films are commercially available and can be purchased or used in the manufacture of the glazing element according to the invention.The composite disk according to the invention is manufactured specifically for this purpose. The edge length of the individual microprisms is preferably from 10 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably from 20 pm to 100 pm, for example about 30 pm.

[0054] The microprism film can be multilayered. For example, microprism films are commonly used that have a substrate layer, such as one based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on which the microprisms made of a UV-curable polyacrylate are formed.

[0055] The microprism film is transparent apart from its reflective surface and preferably has a light transmission relative to the light source of at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 80%, and most preferably at least 90%. It is advantageous if the difference between the refractive indices of the optical waveguide and the microprism film is as small as possible in order to reduce reflection losses at the interface between the optical waveguide and the microprism film. Preferably, this difference in refractive indices is at most 0.02 (based on a wavelength of 550 nm), and particularly preferably at most 0.01. If the optical waveguide and the microprism film differ in their refractive indices, the microprism film preferably has a higher refractive index than the optical waveguide, which is advantageous for high-efficiency light coupling.

[0056] Refractive indices are generally specified within the scope of the present invention with reference to a wavelength of 550 nm. Methods for determining refractive indices are known to those skilled in the art. The refractive indices specified within the scope of the invention can, for example, be determined by ellipsometry, using commercially available ellipsometers. Unless otherwise specified, the specification of layer thicknesses or thicknesses refers to the geometric thickness of a layer.

[0057] Instead of a flexible microprism film, a rigid microprism plate can also be used, i.e., a rigid plastic plate with a planar arrangement of microprisms.

[0058] The reflective structure can also be formed directly on the outer surface of the optical waveguide. For this to work, a portion of the outer surface is designed as a reflective surface. This is particularly easy to implement when the optical waveguide is a polymer layer, such as a plastic disc or sheet. The light from the light source is reflected directly at the outer surface and back into the optical waveguide without exiting it.

[0059] The reflective surface of the reflective structure has sections inclined towards the inner surface of the optical waveguide. This means that the sections are not parallel to the inner surface, but arranged at an angle greater than 0° to the inner surface. These sections have an angle to the inner surface between 0° and 90°, preferably between 28° and 60° or between 30° and 60°, and most preferably between 30° and 50°, particularly between 40° and 50°, for example, approximately 45°. The absolute value of the respective angle is meant here. The sections can be inclined in different directions. Preferably, the sections are also inclined towards each other. This means that adjacent sections are inclined towards each other, i.e., not parallel, but arranged at an angle between 0° and 180° to each other.The aforementioned sections of the reflective structure are preferably essentially planar. The inclination of these sections of the reflective structure to the inner surface of the optical waveguide determines the angle at which the reflected light is reflected back into the optical waveguide (Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT).

[0060] In a second particularly preferred embodiment, the coupling element is arranged, preferably applied, to the inner surface of the optical waveguide, preferably the inner disk. The light source's beam path is directed towards the coupling element. The coupling element couples the light arriving from the light source into the optical waveguide, preferably by refraction. The coupling element is thus a refractive structure. The light source is preferably connected to the inner disk via the coupling element. A collimator can be arranged between the light source and the coupling element, i.e., in the light source's beam path.

[0061] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the optical waveguide of the composite disk, regardless of whether the optical waveguide is the inner disk of the composite disk or a light-guiding element arranged between the functional element and the inner disk, comprises at least one extraction element. For the purposes of the invention, an "extraction element" is an element suitable for extracting the light from the optical waveguide. Preferably, at least one first extraction element is arranged on the inner surface or the outer surface of the optical waveguide.

[0062] The optical waveguide can have several coupling elements in different regions. Preferably, the optical waveguide has at least one further coupling element, more preferably at least two further coupling elements, and more preferably at least three further coupling elements, on its inner surface or its outer surface. Thus, coupled-in light is coupled out of the optical waveguide at the coupling element via the inner surface or the outer surface of the optical waveguide.

[0063] It is understood that the coupling element only extends over a portion of the optical waveguide, and not over the entire surface, as otherwise coupling in and propagation of light via total internal reflection would not be possible. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0064] The at least one extraction element of the optical waveguide on the outer or inner surface of the optical waveguide can, for example, be incorporated into the surface of the optical waveguide by roughening. Alternatively, the at least one extraction element of the optical waveguide can also be printed onto the outer or inner surface. Alternatively, the at least one extraction element of the optical waveguide can also be applied, preferably printed, onto a surface of the thermoplastic interlayer facing the optical waveguide, wherein the at least one extraction element is in direct spatial contact with the outer surface of the optical waveguide or with the inner surface (if the optical waveguide is arranged between the functional element and the inner disk).When the light propagating in the optical waveguide hits the coupling element, it is scattered, which prevents total internal reflection, so that the scattered light is coupled out and leaves the composite disk.

[0065] The decoupling elements appear as a luminous surface on the composite panel. This can be used, for example, to illuminate an interior space and, in particular, to display symbols or patterns that serve to convey information or are intended for purely aesthetic reasons. Any shape or pattern can be realized using these decoupling elements.

[0066] The at least one output coupling element can, for example, be provided as a film adhered to the optical fiber. Similarly, the other output coupling elements can be provided as films.

[0067] Preferably, the at least one output coupling element is designed as a print on the optical waveguide. If the optical waveguide is a glass pane, for example the inner pane, then the print on it is preferably designed as a light-diffusing enamel. This enamel can be printed, for example, using screen printing. It preferably contains glass frits, which are fired into the surface of the glass layer, creating a roughened and therefore light-diffusing surface. If the optical waveguide is predominantly made of a polymeric material, this is preferably achieved by printing the optical waveguide with a light-diffusing, transparent printing paste.If the at least one coupling element is designed as a print on a surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer facing the optical waveguide - wherein the at least one coupling element is additionally arranged in direct spatial contact with the outer surface of the optical waveguide or with the inner surface of the optical waveguide - then this is preferably realized by printing the thermoplastic intermediate layer with a light-scattering, transparent printing paste.

[0068] In an advantageous embodiment, the extraction element is transparent, so that it does not significantly restrict the view through the laminated pane. The printing element (printing paste) therefore preferably contains no pigment. However, opaque or semi-transparent extraction elements with pigments are also conceivable, for example, white elements. The printing element can also create a colored tint, thus not completely blocking the view through the laminated pane, but allowing it to appear in one or more color tints. The printing paste preferably contains dyes or color pigments if it is opaque, semi-transparent, or tinted.

[0069] Coupling elements arranged on the optical fiber, which is made of glass or plastic, can also be formed by roughening the relevant surface of the optical fiber. This roughening can be done mechanically (for example, by grinding techniques) or by laser processing. Laser processing has the particular advantage in the case of a laminated fiber that the coupling element can be integrated into the finished laminated fiber, even if it is to be located inside the fiber, since the laser beam can also be focused onto a plane inside the fiber. Furthermore, laser processing makes it possible to form at least the first coupling element not on a surface, but inside the optical fiber.

[0070] The light coupled into the optical waveguide propagates within the waveguide until it either hits the side edge surface of the waveguide and is coupled out there, or hits the at least one coupling element on one of the two surfaces of the optical waveguide, which interrupts total internal reflection by light scattering, thereby coupling the light out of the waveguide via the surface in question.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, the functional element comprises, in the specified order, at least

[0072] • a first carrier film,

[0073] • the first surface electrode,

[0074] • the active layer, Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220- WO-PCT, the second surface electrode and a second carrier film.

[0075] The surface electrodes are preferably applied to the carrier film adjacent to them. In this configuration of the functional element, the surface electrodes and the active layer are arranged between the carrier films. The carrier films thus form the surfaces of the functional element and provide the necessary mechanical stability to a liquid or soft active layer. The functional element can therefore be provided as a laminated film that can be advantageously processed. The carrier films advantageously protect the functional element from damage, especially corrosion. The functional element is particularly preferably a PDLC functional element. The functional element is film-like. The active layer exhibits controllable optical properties, which can be controlled by the voltage applied to the surface electrodes.

[0076] Preferably, the first surface electrode is electrically connected to at least one first busbar and the second surface electrode to at least one second busbar. The first busbar and the second busbar, as well as any additional busbars, are designed to be electrically connected to an external voltage source in a manner known per se. The electrical connection is achieved using suitable connecting cables, for example, foil conductors.

[0077] The surface electrodes are preferably designed as transparent, electrically conductive layers. The surface electrodes preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy, or a transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The surface electrodes can contain, for example, silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, indium tin oxide (ITO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, and / or fluorine-doped or antimony-doped tin oxide. The surface electrodes preferably have a thickness of 10 nm to 2 pm, particularly preferably 20 nm to 1 pm, and most preferably 30 nm to 500 nm.

[0078] The functional element may, in addition to the active layer, the carrier films, and the surface electrodes, comprise further layers known per se, such as barrier layers, blocker layers, antireflection layers, protective layers, and / or smoothing layers. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0079] The carrier films preferably contain at least one thermoplastic polymer, particularly preferably low-plasticizer or plasticizer-free polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This is especially advantageous with regard to the stability of the functional element. However, the carrier films can also contain or consist of other low-plasticizer or plasticizer-free polymers, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene propylenes, polyvinyl fluoride, and / or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. The thickness of each carrier film is preferably from 0.02 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably from 0.04 mm to 0.2 mm. Carrier films provide particularly effective protection against the diffusion of plasticizers into the active layer.

[0080] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the thermoplastic intermediate layer contains at least 3 wt.%, preferably at least 5 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 20 wt.%, even more preferably at least 30 wt.%, and particularly at least 40 wt.% of a plasticizer. The plasticizer contains or preferably consists of triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate).

[0081] Plasticizers are chemicals that make plastics softer, more flexible, more pliable, and / or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics to lower temperatures, so that the plastics exhibit the desired more elastic properties within the operating temperature range. Other preferred plasticizers include carboxylic acid esters, especially low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins, and camphor. Aliphatic diesters of triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol are also preferred. Particularly preferred plasticizers are 3G7, 3G8, or 4G7, where the first digit denotes the number of ethylene glycol units and the last digit the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid portion of the compound. Thus, 3G8 stands for triethylene glycol bis-(2-ethylhexanoate), i.e., a compound with the formula C4H9CH(CH2CH3)CO(OCH2CH2)3O2CCH(CH2CH3)C4H9.

[0082] The functional element is preferably a PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal) functional element. The active layer of a PDLC functional element contains liquid crystals embedded in a polymer matrix. When no voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals are randomly oriented, resulting in strong scattering of the light passing through the active layer. When a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals in the second region of the active layer, and optionally in other regions of the active layer, align in a common direction (Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT), and the transmission of light through the active layer is increased. Alternatively, functional elements, and in particular PDLC functional elements, can be used that are transparent when no voltage is applied (zero volts) and scatter strongly when a voltage is applied.

[0083] In principle, it is also possible to use other types of controllable functional elements, such as electrochromic functional elements or SPD (suspended particle device) functional elements. The aforementioned controllable functional elements and their operation are generally known to those skilled in the art, so a detailed description is unnecessary here. A PDLC functional element is particularly preferred, since effective protection against plasticizers must be ensured, especially with PDLC elements, to avoid impairing the optical quality of the functional element.

[0084] Functional elements are commercially available. The functional element is typically cut from a multi-layered film of larger dimensions into the desired shape and size. This can be done mechanically, for example with a knife. In an advantageous embodiment, the cutting is performed using a laser. It has been shown that the side surface is more stable in this case than with mechanical cutting. With mechanically cut side surfaces, there is a risk that the material will shrink back, which is visually noticeable and negatively affects the aesthetics of the disc.

[0085] Electrically controllable optical properties, as defined in the invention, are those properties that can be continuously controlled, but also those that can be switched between two or more discrete states.

[0086] The electrical control of the functional element or light source, which is installed in a vehicle as part of the glazing element according to the invention, is achieved, for example, by means of switches, rotary or sliding controls integrated into the vehicle's dashboard. Alternatively, a button for controlling the functional element can be integrated into the laminated glass, for example, a capacitive button. Alternatively or additionally, the functional element can be controlled by contactless methods, for example, by gesture recognition, or depending on the state of the pupil or eyelid as determined by a camera and suitable evaluation electronics. Alternatively or additionally, the functional element or the Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0087] The light source is controlled by sensors that detect light falling on the disc.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the functional element is divided into several segments that can be electrically controlled independently of one another. For example, it is possible to switch one or more segments to be translucent, i.e., light-scattering, while at least one other segment is switched to be transparent, i.e., non-light-scattering. Preferably, the functional element has at least two segments, more preferably at least three, and more preferably at least four segments. The segments can be formed, for example, by insulating lines on the surface electrodes. Preferably, the first surface electrode is subdivided into several smaller surface electrodes by means of insulating lines. To further improve the optical quality of the functional element, the active layer, in addition to the first surface electrode, can also be subdivided into individual layer elements by means of insulating lines.The insulation lines used to divide the active layer and / or the surface electrodes can be introduced, for example, using laser radiation.

[0089] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first carrier film and the first surface electrode arranged, preferably applied, on the first carrier film have a projection towards the active layer of the functional element, at least in sections. Particularly preferably, the second carrier film and the second surface electrode arranged, preferably applied, on the second carrier film also have a projection towards the active layer, at least in sections. In particular, the projection of the second surface electrode is located at an edge of the functional element opposite the projection of the first electrode. These projections of the surface electrodes facilitate simplified electrical contacting of the functional element.

[0090] Preferably, at least one first busbar is applied to the protruding area of ​​the first surface electrode by soldering or gluing, and at least one second busbar is applied to the protruding area of ​​the second surface electrode by soldering or gluing. The busbars applied in this way are preferably designed as wires or strips of an electrically conductive foil. The busbars then contain, for example, at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten, and / or tin, or alloys thereof. The strip preferably has a thickness of 10 pm to 500 pm, particularly preferably 30 pm to 300 pm. Busbars made of electrically conductive foils with these thicknesses are technically easy to produce and exhibit advantageous properties. (Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT)

[0091] Current-carrying capacity. The strip can be electrically connected to the electrically conductive structure, for example, via a solder compound, an electrically conductive adhesive, or by direct application.

[0092] Alternatively, the first busbar and / or the second busbar and / or any further busbars that may be present are designed as a printed and baked-on conductive structure. The printed busbars preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal compound, and / or carbon, particularly preferably a precious metal, and especially silver. The printing paste preferably contains metallic particles and / or carbon, and especially precious metal particles such as silver particles. The electrical conductivity is preferably achieved by the electrically conductive particles. The particles can be contained in an organic and / or inorganic matrix such as pastes or inks, preferably as a printing paste with glass frits. This design can be produced quickly and easily, with silver-containing materials being characterized by high electrical conductivity and relatively long-term stability.

[0093] The layer thickness of the printed busbars is preferably from 5 pm to 40 pm, particularly preferably from 8 pm to 20 pm, and most preferably from 8 pm to 12 pm. Printed busbars with these thicknesses are technically easy to produce and exhibit advantageous current-carrying capacity.

[0094] The first busbar, the second busbar, and / or any additional busbars are preferably applied to a surface of the respective electrode facing the active layer of the functional element. This arrangement is simpler because the electrodes are located between the active layer and a carrier film and are therefore difficult to connect to a busbar via the surface of the electrode facing away from the active layer. However, the first busbar, the second busbar, and / or any additional busbars can also be applied to the surface of the respective electrode facing away from the active layer. For this purpose, a carrier film, if present, can, for example, have a recess through which the busbar and electrode can be connected.

[0095] If something is "based on" an inorganic material, it consists predominantly of that material, in particular essentially of that material, along with any impurities or dopants. Unless otherwise specified, the stated layer thicknesses or thicknesses (Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT) refer to the geometric thickness of a layer. If something is "based on" a polymeric material, it consists predominantly, i.e., at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, and in particular at least 70%, of that material. It may therefore contain other materials such as stabilizers or plasticizers.

[0096] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the second carrier film has at least a partial overhang towards the active layer, and the barrier layer is arranged such that it is in direct spatial contact with the overhang of the second carrier film. Preferably, the second carrier film is arranged closer to the inner disk than the first carrier film, and the barrier layer is arranged between the functional element and the inner disk. The second surface electrode is preferably also arranged on the overhang of the second carrier film, and particularly preferably applied to it. Most preferably, the barrier layer is arranged only in the edge region of the functional element where the second carrier film has an overhang towards the active layer.By positioning the barrier layer on the functional element, it is prevented that the barrier layer can come into direct spatial contact with the active layer, which could lead to an undesirable chemical reaction. However, this also prevents the diffusion of plasticizers from the intermediate layer, which is also partially located between the inner disc and the functional element. According to the invention, the overhang of the carrier film relative to the active layer also belongs to the edge region of the functional element.

[0097] In a further preferred embodiment, the composite disc comprises, in addition to the barrier layer, further barrier layers. The barrier layer and the further barrier layers are arranged together as a functional element such that the active layer is largely protected from plasticizers from the intermediate layer. In particular, the entire circumferential edge surface of the active layer is sealed by the barrier layer and / or the further barrier layers.

[0098] "Sealed" in the context of this invention means that the corresponding section of a surface is completely covered with the barrier layer as a protective layer and is thereby made more resistant and durable, particularly against the diffusion of harmful substances such as moisture, but also especially against plasticizers from the environment, which could otherwise penetrate into the interior of the active layer. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0099] In another preferred embodiment, the barrier layer is in direct and immediate contact with the active layer. For example, there is no separate adhesive or other intermediate layer between the barrier layer and the active layer of the functional element.

[0100] The barrier layer and any additional barrier layers that may be present are preferably designed in such a way that they prevent the diffusion of plasticizer through the respective barrier layer to the same or a greater extent than the diffusion of plasticizer through the surface electrodes.

[0101] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the barrier layer is designed in such a way that it prevents the diffusion of plasticizers from the thermoplastic intermediate layer through the barrier layer.

[0102] The barrier layer is preferably single-layered or multi-layered, for example, two-layered, three-layered, four-layered, or five-layered. The individual layers of the barrier layer are also referred to as individual layers below and can consist of the same material or of different materials.

[0103] The barrier layer can be completely opaque or partially opaque and partially transparent or semi-transparent. The opaque area of ​​the barrier layer can be achieved, for example, by dyeing or tinting the desired area.

[0104] The barrier layer and any additional barrier layers preferably contain or consist of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride. Alternatively, the barrier layer and any additional barrier layers are based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride. These materials are particularly well suited for reducing plasticizer diffusion and can be readily embedded in the laminated glass.

[0105] In an advantageous embodiment, one or more adhesion-enhancing layers can be arranged between the functional element and the barrier layer, as well as any additional barrier layers that may be present. In particular, the circumferential edge surface of the active layer of the functional element is subjected to an adhesion-enhancing surface treatment. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0106] In an advantageous embodiment, the further barrier layer consisting of one or more individual layers has a thickness (also called material thickness) of 10 nm to 50 pm (nanometers), preferably of 15 nm to 25 pm and particularly preferably of 15 nm to 5 pm.

[0107] The barrier layer, consisting of one or more individual layers, preferably has a thickness of 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm, more preferably 0.04 mm to 0.15 mm. The specified thickness refers to the total thickness of all individual layers, if any. At this thickness, visible light is completely blocked in the opaque region of the barrier layer, preventing it from transmitting through it.

[0108] Other types of barrier layers, also called barrier films, are generally known to those skilled in the art. These can be designed, for example, as disclosed in WO2018188844A1 or WO2019077014A1.

[0109] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the barrier layer is at least partially arranged, and preferably applied, to a circumferential edge surface of the functional element. If the functional element has an active layer, the "edge surface of the functional element" essentially refers to the edge surface of the active layer. The circumferential edge surface of the active layer is the surface located between the main surface of the active layer facing the outer disk and the main surface of the active layer facing the inner disk. The circumferential edge surface thus connects the two main surfaces of the active layer. Preferably, the active layer has no other surfaces besides the two main surfaces and the circumferential edge surface.

[0110] The glazing element is equipped with a light source suitable for coupling light into the laminated glass. During operation, the light source emits visible light, i.e., electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range, particularly in the 400 nm to 800 nm range. The light source may have one or more emission bands located in the visible spectral range, covering a portion of it. Alternatively, the light source may have a broad emission band covering the entire visible spectral range. The emission band(s) – and thus the color of the emitted light – can be freely selected according to the requirements of the specific application. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0111] The glazing element can have a single light source or several separate light sources, the light of which is coupled into the laminated pane, or more specifically the optical fiber, at different points.

[0112] The light source preferably comprises at least one light-emitting diode (LED). The light source can be a single LED, but preferably it is an array of several LEDs. This array is preferably housed in a common package, for example, as a linear arrangement in which the LEDs are arranged along a line. The electroluminescent material of the LED can be, for example, an inorganic semiconductor or an organic semiconductor. In the latter case, it is also referred to as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).

[0113] Optionally, a collimator can be arranged between the light source and the composite disk, with the collimator being located in the light source's beam path. The collimator is preferably arranged between the light source and the inner surface of the optical waveguide, particularly between the light source and the inner surface of the inner disk, so that the light is directed into the composite disk or the optical waveguide via the collimator. The collimator transforms the typically divergent light beam from the light source into a beam with a preferably substantially parallel path, or at least a less divergent, and therefore more concentrated, path. The beam cone of the light source is thus narrowed by the collimator. This has the advantage that the entire light beam is directed into the composite disk at the same angle of incidence.Particularly when the optical waveguide is equipped with a reflective structure, a large proportion of the light can be coupled into the optical waveguide via the reflective structure at such a substantially convergent angle of incidence, resulting in total internal reflection. This optimizes the light yield.

[0114] In its simplest form, the collimator is a type of converging lens, with the light source preferably positioned at its focal point. The collimator can be made of glass or a transparent plastic, particularly polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The collimator is preferably attached to the inner surface of the inner pane, for example, by gluing. If the light source consists of several LEDs, a separate collimator can be provided for each LED. However, a single collimator for the entire Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT is preferred.

[0115] LED array used. In the case of a linear LED array, for example, a rod-shaped collimator can be used whose length is at least equal to the length of the LED array.

[0116] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the light source has a luminous intensity of at least 200 lumens per meter (lm / m), preferably 240 lm / m, and particularly 280 lm / m. Most preferably, the light source comprises at least one light-emitting diode (LED) with a luminous intensity of at least 200 lm / m, preferably 240 lm / m, and particularly 280 lm / m. At such high luminous intensities, a greater proportion of the light is coupled into the laminated glass. "lm / m" refers to "lumens per meter," i.e., the luminous intensity per meter.

[0117] The laminated glass preferably has a masking area independent of the barrier layer, through which no transparency is possible. This masking area is called the masking region of the laminated glass and is preferably arranged circumferentially in an edge region of the laminated glass, surrounding a central area of ​​the laminated glass intended for transparency in a frame-like manner. This is particularly common for vehicle windows. The masking region is preferably formed by an element, for example, by a printed covering. The masking region is particularly preferably formed by a printed covering on the inner surface of the outer pane. Preferably, the masking region completely covers the corresponding area of ​​the inner pane.Such a masking print is typically formed by an enamel containing glass frits and a black pigment, which is screen-printed and then fired into the surface. Despite its essentially masking effect, such masking prints do not completely block the light emitted by the light source. Therefore, depending on the orientation of the light source relative to the masking area, light not coupled into the laminated pane may be visually perceptible even when viewed from above on the outer surface of the outer pane. In other words, the light from the light source is at least partially visible from the outside in glazing elements of this type, since the masking print does not completely block the light. The masking print preferably has an optical density of at most 3.5, more preferably at most 3.0.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner surface of the outer pane is provided with an IR-reflective coating. The IR-reflective coating contains, for example, an electrically conductive metal, preferably silver. In particular, the IR-reflective coating comprises at least two, preferably at least three, silver layers, wherein the silver layers are arranged in a stacked sequence and at least one dielectric layer is arranged between the silver layers. Most preferably, the IR-reflective coating extends over the entire inner surface of the outer pane, with the exception of a frame-like edge region of the outer pane. The uncoated edge region of the outer pane prevents moisture penetrating the edge region from corroding the IR-reflective coating.

[0119] In particular, the frame-shaped edge region of the outer pane is stripped of its coating by means of a decomposing layer. When the decomposing layer comes into contact with the IR-reflecting coating, a chemical reaction occurs as a result of which the IR-reflecting layer is decomposed, thus stripping the coating from the area, and the reaction product of both layers forms a masking print in the stripped area. However, it is particularly important that this type of masking print cannot completely block the light from the light source. Preferably, the masking print formed by the decomposing layer and the IR-reflecting coating is arranged in overlap with the partial area of ​​the inner pane. A masking print formed in this way preferably has an optical density of at most 3.5, more preferably at most 3.0.

[0120] The corrosive layer preferably contains zirconium oxide-based particles. Zirconium oxide-based particles contain at least 80 wt.%, and in particular at least 85 wt.%, zirconium oxide (ZrO₂). The zirconium oxide is preferably stabilized, in particular by means of yttrium. It may also contain additives, in particular selected from Al₂O₃, TiO₂, ZnO, SiO₂, and mixtures thereof. The zirconium oxide-based particles particularly preferably have a chemical composition that includes, in particular, the following components in the following weight ranges:

[0121] - ZrO2: 83-97%

[0122] - Y2O3: 2-8%

[0123] - AI2O3: 0-3%

[0124] - black pigments: 0-6%, especially 1-6%.

[0125] The various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination.

[0126] The glazing element according to the invention can be manufactured using the following method: Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0127] (A) Provision of an outer pane, an inner pane, a thermoplastic intermediate layer, a functional element with controllable optical properties and a barrier layer to reduce plasticizer diffusion with at least one opaque area,

[0128] (B) Arranging the thermoplastic interlayer between the outer pane and the inner pane, wherein the functional element is arranged within the interlayer,

[0129] (C) Arranging the barrier layer such that the opaque area of ​​the barrier layer extends at least over a partial area of ​​the inner disk and the barrier layer is in direct spatial contact with the functional element at least in an edge area of ​​the functional element,

[0130] (D) Lamination of the outer pane, the inner pane, the functional element, the barrier layer and the intermediate layer to form a laminated pane and

[0131] (E) Arranging the laminated pane and a light source designed to couple visible light into the laminated pane to form a glazing element, wherein the light source is arranged in the part of the inner pane which is at least partially non-overlapping with the functional element.

[0132] The laminated glass pane can be manufactured using known lamination processes, such as autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calender processes, vacuum laminators, or combinations thereof. The bonding of the outer and inner panes typically occurs under the influence of heat, vacuum, and / or pressure.

[0133] The laminated pane of the glazing element according to the invention can be used as a window pane in a vehicle. A particularly preferred use is as a vehicle roof window that can be illuminated in three dimensions. The vehicle can be any land vehicle, watercraft, or aircraft, but is preferably a passenger car, truck, or rail vehicle. The glazing element can also be used in buildings; for example, the laminated pane can be used as a window pane, glass facade, or glass door in exterior or interior applications, particularly as a window pane in a building or interior space. The glazing element can also be used as a component of furniture, electrical appliances, furnishings, or as a furnishing element. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0134] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawn figures and exemplary embodiments. The drawn figures are schematic representations and not to scale. The drawn figures do not limit the invention in any way.

[0135] They show:

[0136] Fig. 1 shows a top view of a composite pane of the glazing element according to the invention.

[0137] Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the glazing element from Fig.

[0138] Fig. 3 shows an enlarged section of an edge area of ​​the glazing element in the cross-sectional view from Fig. 2 and

[0139] Figs. 4-5 show further embodiments of the glazing element according to the invention in cross-sectional view.

[0140] Figures 1 to 3 each show different aspects of a first embodiment of the glazing element 101 according to the invention. Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the glazing element 101 shown in plan view from Figure 1. The section line for the cross-section is indicated in Figure 1 by a dashed line XX'. Figure 3 shows an enlarged section Z of an edge region of the glazing element 101. The section Z is indicated in Figure 2 by a circular dashed line.

[0141] The laminated glass panel 100 is designed, for example, as a roof panel of a vehicle, in particular a passenger car. For the sake of simplicity, it is shown as planar, although such vehicle roof panels are typically curved. The laminated glass panel 100 is structurally formed from an outer pane 1, an inner pane 2, which also serves as an optical fiber guide, and a thermoplastic interlayer 3, through which the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 are connected. The outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 are made, for example, of soda-lime glass and each have a thickness of, for example, 2.1 mm. A functional element 4, for example, a PDLC functional element, is arranged within the thermoplastic interlayer 3. The functional element 4 is divided into a total of 4 segments 4'.

[0142] The intermediate layer 3 comprises a first thermoplastic intermediate film 3.1, which is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the functional element 4. The intermediate layer 3 also comprises a second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2, which is arranged between the inner pane 2 and the functional element 4. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0143] Functional element 4 extends over the entire surface of the composite sheet 100, with the exception of a border region of the composite sheet 100 that surrounds the functional element 4 in a frame-like manner. A third thermoplastic intermediate film 3.3 is arranged in this border region of the composite sheet 100, forming a kind of "picture frame" for the functional element 4. The third thermoplastic intermediate film 3.3 has approximately the same thickness as the functional element 4, so that there are largely no local thickness variations within the composite sheet 100. The third thermoplastic intermediate film 3.3 is arranged between the first thermoplastic intermediate film 3.1 and the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2. The total thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 is, for example, 0.76 mm. In this case, the total thickness refers to the sum of the visible thicknesses of all the thermoplastic intermediate film layers 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 are meant. The inner pane 2 and the intermediate layer 3 are clear and transparent, the outer pane 1 is tinted, for example, to reduce the light transmission of the laminated glass 100 (for example, to less than 15%), as is common with vehicle roof windows.

[0144] The outer pane 1, when installed, faces the vehicle's external environment. It has an outer surface I facing the external environment and an inner surface II facing the vehicle interior. The inner pane 2, which also forms the optical fiber, faces the vehicle interior when installed. It has an outer surface III facing the external environment and an inner surface IV facing the vehicle interior. The inner surface II of the outer pane 1 and the outer surface III of the inner pane 2 are connected to each other via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. The functional element 4 has an outer surface V facing the outer pane 1 and an inner surface VI facing the inner pane 2.

[0145] The laminated glass 100 has a frame-shaped circumferential masking area, formed by a black masking print 15 applied to the inner surface II of the outer pane 1, which prevents visibility through the laminated glass 1. The masking print 15 is produced, for example, by the chemical transformation of a degrading layer and an IR-reflective layer on the inner surface II of the outer pane 1. The IR-reflective layer (not shown here) is applied, for example, to the entire inner surface II of the outer pane 1 and then masked in a frame-shaped circumferential edge area of ​​the Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0146] The composite disc 100, intended to serve as the masking area, is treated with a degrading layer. This creates the masking pressure 15 in the edge area and results in the loss of IR-reflective properties. The IR-reflective layer comprises, for example, three silver layers, and the degrading layer comprises, for example, zirconium oxide-based particles.

[0147] The glazing element 101 comprises a light source 5, which is arranged in a sub-area B of the inner pane 2 on the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2. On the exterior surface III of the inner pane 2, a coupling element 13 is arranged in sub-area B. This coupling element, when viewed through the laminated pane 100, overlaps the light source 5, so that visible light 7 emitted from the light source 5 orthogonally to the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2 strikes the coupling element 13. The coupling element 13 is, for example, a reflective structure in the form of a silver-coated microprism film, which is applied to the inner pane 2 by means of an optically clear adhesive (not shown here). Sub-area B of the inner pane 2 is located in the circumferential edge region of the laminated pane 100 and, when viewed through the laminated pane 100, does not overlap with the functional element 4.

[0148] The inner disk 2 is designed as a light-guiding medium such that light can be coupled into it and propagate within it by utilizing the effect of total internal reflection (see dashed arrows in Figure 2). The light 7 from the light source 5 first enters the inner disk 2 through the inner surface IV and then transmits through it. The light 7 then exits the inner disk 2 through the outer surface III and transmits through the optically clear adhesive located between the coupling medium 13 and the inner disk 2. Subsequently, the light 7 strikes the coupling medium 13 and is reflected back towards the inner disk 2 at an angle of incidence by the reflective silver coating.Reflection at a suitable coupling angle, i.e., an angle at which visible light 7 couples into the inner disk 2, can be generated by the surfaces of the microprism film inclined towards the outer surface III of the inner disk 2. After being transmitted through the optically clear adhesive, the light 7 strikes the inner disk 2 and is coupled into it. The light 7 propagates within the inner disk 2 until it reaches a side edge of the inner disk 2 or an output coupling element 14. At the side edge or output coupling element 14, the light 7 is coupled out of the inner disk 2. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT.

[0149] Composite disc 100 comprises a decoupling element 14 on the surface of the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2 facing the inner disc 2. The decoupling element 14 is, for example, a print on the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2. The decoupling element 14 is in direct spatial contact with the outer surface III of the inner disc 2.

[0150] The functional element 4 comprises, in this order, a first carrier film 10.1, a first surface electrode 11.1, an active layer 12, a second surface electrode 11.2, and a second carrier film 10.2. The surface of the first carrier film 10.1 facing the outer disc 1 is also the exposed outer surface V of the functional element 4. The surface of the second carrier film 10.2 facing the inner disc 2 is also the exposed inner surface VI of the functional element 4. "Exposed surface" refers to the area of ​​the functional element 4 that is in direct contact with the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. The carrier films 10.1 and 10.2 are, for example, transparent films based on PET. The surface electrodes 11.1, 11.2 are, for example, based on a transparent conductive oxide, preferably indium tin oxide (ITO), and are deposited on the respective adjacent carrier film 10.1, 10. by means of magnetron sputtering.2 applied. The active layer 12 is, for example, the liquid crystal layer of a generic PDLC functional element.

[0151] The surface electrodes 11.1 and 11.2 each extend over the entire surface of the carrier film 10.1 and 10.2 on which they are applied. The carrier films 10.1 and 10.2 extend over the entire surface of the active layer 12 and additionally by a projection C beyond it. The projection C of the carrier films 10.1 and 10.2 is present only in a section of the circumferential edge surface K of the functional element 4. The projection C of the first carrier film 10.1 is located on a section of the circumferential edge surface K opposite the projection of the second carrier film 10.2 (not shown here). Conductors can be applied to these projections C (not shown here) to supply voltage to the surface electrodes 11.1 and 11.2, thereby allowing the optical states of the active layer 12 to be adjusted.For this purpose, the collector conductors are connected, for example, to a voltage source via flat conductors leading out of the composite disc 100 (not shown here).

[0152] Barrier layers 6, 6' are arranged around the edge surface K of the functional element 4. These barrier layers primarily prevent moisture or plasticizers from penetrating the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 into the active layer 12. A partially opaque barrier layer 6 is arranged on a section of the circumferential edge region R of the functional element 4. The barrier layer 6 is located on the second carrier film 10.2 in the edge region R. The barrier layer 6 is also located partially on the overhang C of the second carrier film 10.2, which is also encompassed by the circumferential edge region R of the functional element 4. Apart from the section of the edge region R of the functional element 4, the barrier layer 6 extends over the entire sub-region B of the inner pane 2. The barrier layer 6 is preferably completely opaque, where opacity in this case means a light transmittance of less than 5%.The opaque region 8 of the barrier layer 6 extends over the entire sub-region B of the inner disc 2. The barrier layer 6 has, for example, a constant thickness of 0.15 mm and is based on PET. The barrier layer 6 is located at the interface between functional element 4, or the third thermoplastic intermediate film 3.3, and the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2, and largely prevents plasticizers from the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2 from penetrating into the functional element 4, or the active layer 12, in the section of the edge region R of the functional element 4.

[0153] The additional barrier layers 6' are arranged in other sections of the circumferential edge region R of the functional element 4, with further barrier layers 6' being arranged on both the first carrier film 10.1 and the second carrier film 10.2. In particular, further barrier layers 6' are also arranged on the entire circumferential edge surface K of the functional element 4. The "circumferential edge surface K of the functional element 4" essentially refers to the circumferential edge surface of the active layer 12 and the edge surfaces of the carrier films 10.1, 10.2 and surface electrodes 11.1, 11.2, whereby only the active layer 12 or the active layer 12 and partially the edge surfaces of the carrier films 10.1, 10.2 and surface electrodes 11.1, 11.2 may be covered by the additional barrier layers 6'.

[0154] The opaque area 8 of the barrier layer 6 in sub-area B of the inner pane 2 effectively prevents light losses 7 from the light source 5 from radiating through the outer pane 1 into the external environment. Instead, they are absorbed by the opaque area 8 of the barrier layer 6. The barrier layer 6 also largely prevents the diffusion of plasticizers or moisture through it, thus increasing the long-term stability of the functional element 4. Because the barrier layer 6 can be used simultaneously to address two technical problems, material and therefore costs can be saved. The masking print 15 alone cannot completely block the light 7 from the light source 5 (Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT). Alternatively, atypical layer thicknesses would be required for the masking print 15, which would lead to an undesirable reduction in the quality of the laminated pane 100.

[0155] Light source 5 is, for example, configured as a ribbon-shaped LED or as several ribbon-shaped LEDs. Light source 5 has, for example, a luminous intensity of 280 lm / m. A collimator can optionally be arranged between light source 5 and the inner disk 2 (not shown here). The collimator acts as a type of converging lens and reduces the beam cone of light source 5; ideally, it results in a parallel beam path for the emitted light 7 of light source 5.

[0156] The variants shown in Figures 4 to 5 essentially correspond to the variant shown in Figures 1 to 3, so only the differences will be discussed here, and otherwise reference is made to the description of Figures 1 to 3.

[0157] In Figure 4, the light source 5 is arranged in a recess of the inner pane 2. The light source 5 is arranged in the recess such that the light 7 is coupled directly into the inner pane 2 via a circumferential edge surface located in the recess. The recess is, for example, a hole in the inner pane 2. According to the invention, the recess of the inner pane 2 is an integral part of the inner pane 2, so that the light source 5 is arranged in the partial region B of the inner pane 2. The composite pane 100 does not include a coupling means 13 here, since the light 7 is coupled directly into the recess via the edge surface. Light losses can also occur here, which are radiated towards the outer pane 1. However, these losses do not reach the external environment via the outer pane 1 due to absorption in the opaque region 8 of the barrier layer 6.

[0158] In Figure 5, the inner disk 2 is not the optical waveguide; instead, the composite disk 100 comprises an optical waveguide 9, for example in the form of a transparent PET film, which is arranged between the functional element 4 and the inner disk 2 and within the second thermoplastic intermediate film 3.2. The coupling element 13 is introduced into the optical waveguide 9, for example by selectively roughening the surface of the optical waveguide 9 facing the outer disk 1. The extraction element 14 is applied, for example, as a print on the surface of the optical waveguide 9 facing the inner disk 2. Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT

[0159] Reference symbol list

[0160] 1 outer pane

[0161] 2 inner disc

[0162] 3 thermoplastic intermediate layer

[0163] 3.1 First thermoplastic intermediate film

[0164] 3.2 second thermoplastic intermediate film

[0165] 3.3 Third thermoplastic intermediate film

[0166] 4 Functional element

[0167] 4' Segments of functional element 4

[0168] 5 light sources

[0169] 6 barrier layer

[0170] 6' further barrier layer

[0171] 7 visible light

[0172] 8 opaque area of ​​the barrier layer 6

[0173] 9 optical fibers

[0174] 10.1 first carrier film

[0175] 10.2 second carrier film

[0176] 11.1 First surface electrode

[0177] 11.2 second surface electrode

[0178] 12 active layers

[0179] 13 coupling means

[0180] 14 coupling elements

[0181] 15 Cover printing

[0182] 100 composite disc

[0183] 101 Glazing element

[0184] Z-shaped neckline

[0185] I outer surface of the outer pane 1

[0186] II Interior surface of the outer pane 1

[0187] III outer surface of the inner pane 2

[0188] IV Interior surface of the inner pane 2

[0189] V outer surface of the functional element 4

[0190] VI Interior surface of functional element 4

[0191] B Partial area of ​​the inner pane 2 Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220- WO-PCT

[0192] C Overhang of the second carrier film 10.2

[0193] K Edge surface of the functional element 4

[0194] R section of the circumferential edge area of ​​the functional element 4 X— X' section line

Claims

38 Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT Patentansprüche 1. Illuminatable glazing element (101) with controllable optical properties, comprising: a laminated pane (100) comprising an outer pane (1), an inner pane (2) and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) arranged between them, a functional element (4) arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) with controllable optical properties, a barrier layer (6) for reducing plasticizer diffusion with at least one opaque region (8) and a light source (5) for coupling visible light (7) into the laminated pane (100), wherein the light source (5) is arranged in a partial region (B) of the inner pane (2) which is at least partially not in overlap with the functional element (4) and wherein the opaque region (8) of the barrier layer (6) extends at least over the partial region (B) and the barrier layer (6) is in direct spatial contact with the functional element (4) at least in an edge region (R) of the functional element (4).

2. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to claim 1, wherein the entire barrier layer (6) is opaque.

3. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the functional element (4) is arranged between a first thermoplastic intermediate film (3.1) and a second thermoplastic intermediate film (3.2) of the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3).

4. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to claim 3, wherein the second thermoplastic intermediate film (3.2) is arranged between the functional element (4) and the inner pane (2) and the barrier layer (6) is arranged between the functional element (4) and the second thermoplastic intermediate film (3.2). 39 Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT 5. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) comprises a thermoplastic intermediate film (3.3) surrounding the functional element (4) in a frame-like manner.

6. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the partial area (B) of the inner pane (2) is completely free of overlap with the functional element (4).

7. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the barrier layer (6) is at least partially arranged, preferably applied, on a circumferential edge surface (K) of the functional element (4).

8. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the light source (5) is arranged to the laminated pane (100) in such a way that visible light (7) emitted by the light source (5) can be coupled into the inner pane (2).

9. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an optical waveguide (9) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2) and the light source (5) is arranged to the composite pane (100) such that the visible light (7) emitted by the light source (5) can be coupled into the optical waveguide (9).

10. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a coupling means (13), preferably a microprism film, is arranged between the light source (5) and the barrier layer (6).

11. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the functional element (4) is a PDLC functional element comprising in this order a first carrier film (10.1), a first surface electrode (11.1), an active layer (12), a second surface electrode (11.2) and a second carrier film (10.2).

12. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to claim 11, wherein the second carrier film (10.2) has an overhang (C) at least sectionally to the active layer (12) and the barrier layer (6) is in direct spatial contact with this overhang (C). 40 Saint-Gobain Glass France 2023220-WO-PCT 13. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the barrier layer (6) contains or consists of polyethylene terephthalate or polyvinyl fluoride.

14. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the barrier layer (6) has a layer thickness of 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm, preferably 0.04 mm to 0.15 mm.

15. Illuminatable glazing element (101) according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the light source (5) has a luminous intensity of at least 200 Im / m, preferably 240 Im / m.

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