Device for separating non-free-flowing materials

Abstract

The proposed invention relates to equipment for sorting solid bulk materials using air flows. A device for separating non-free-flowing materials includes a frame, a feed hopper, a jet generator disposed below the feed hopper and having nozzles and an air pump, a separating chamber with at least one air flow deflector and an ascending air flow generator, and collectors for end fractions and return fractions. The feed hopper has a device mounted therein for loosening and evenly supplying medicinal plants to a separating zone, said device being in the form of a loosening shaft with loosening prongs arranged thereon, which is driven via pulleys and a belt drive by an electric motor attached to the frame. The loosening shaft is attached to the feed hopper by bearings and is arranged across the feed hopper. By means of a variable speed drive for regulating the revolutions of the air pump and of the loosening shaft, the device for loosening and evenly supplying medicinal plants provides a supply of feedstock that is proportional to the volume of an air flow fed into the separating zone. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency with which bird, rat and mouse droppings are separated from medicinal plants, as well as the production of a clean product for use in pharmacology.

Description

[0001] SEPARATION DEVICE FOR LOW-MOVING VEHICLES

[0002] MATERIALS

[0003] The invention relates to equipment for sorting solid, low-mobility materials using air flows, and more specifically to automatic devices for separating bird, rat and mouse flies from medicinal plants in the form of flowers, petals, leaves, as well as seeds of perennial herbs such as brome.

[0004] A device is known for separating a bulk mixture in a fluid medium, comprising a bin and a vibrating chute, a jet generator with flat nozzles of different calibers installed sequentially along the flow with an increase in the variable pitch, acute angle of installation, and caliber of the nozzles from top to bottom, collectors of finished and recycled fractions located under the nozzles, the latter of which are connected through a transport device to the bin, in which the jet generator is made high-frequency, and the nozzles, at least ten in number, are made with walls of guide channels, the length of which increases from top to bottom, and in the generator in front of the nozzles three sieves are installed sequentially, with two more collectors of finished fractions than collectors of recycled fractions of the separated product, and two collectors of finished fractions are installed next to each other at the end of the flow (see RU 2270061, published 20.02.20).

[0005] The device allows to improve the quality of the separated product, reduce the separation time, increase productivity, and also reduce the metal consumption and dimensions of the device by optimizing the aerodynamic effect on the particles of the original product, ensuring the precise distribution of the separated product among the receiving fractions according to weight and shape.

[0006] The disadvantage of the analogue is the predominantly lateral nature of the air flow of the jet generator in relation to the direction of movement of the separated product. With such a direction of the separating air flow, the effective residence time of particles of the bulk separated product in the separation chamber is determined by the height of the separation chamber and the free fall speed of the particles.

[0007] Thus, to ensure the residence time of particles of the bulk separated product in the separation chamber, sufficient for complete separation, a significant height of the separation chamber is required, and, consequently, an increased area of ​​the flow cross-section of the flat nozzles of the jet generator and the energy capacity of the latter. In addition, such design features of the separation chamber and the prototype jet generator contribute to the turbulence of the separating air flow, significantly reducing the quality and efficiency of processing the separated product, which forces the selection of intermediate underprocessed fractions and their return for repeated separation. The indicated disadvantages of the analogue limit the scope of its effective application and do not allow it to be used for the purposes of the present invention.

[0008] A separator for bulk materials is known, comprising a hopper with a feeder, a separation chamber, a fan and air ducts, in which the separation chamber at its lower base has a hermetically sealed system of air pipes entering the interior of the separation chamber, equipped with scattering tips and valves for regulating the speed of the oncoming air flow and connected to each other by sealed conical collectors that capture fractions of the material being separated (see RU 2262994, published

[0009] 2005.10.27). In the said known separator, the counter-ascending air flow from the pipes located between the conical collectors is capable of providing the final fine separation of bulk material particles immediately before they enter the collectors. However, such a flow is organized forcibly, which is associated with the need to use a complex system for its regulation, additional energy and labor costs.

[0010] Also known from the prior art is a device for separating a bulk mixture in a fluid medium, including means for loading and feeding the bulk mixture, a jet generator with nozzles and an air blower located underneath them, a separation chamber, and collectors of finished and recycled fractions, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one air flow baffle and an ascending air flow former, wherein the air flow baffle is made in the form of a convex surface located on the rear wall of the separation chamber, and the ascending air flow former is made in the form of ejection windows for the passage of atmospheric air, located in the bottom of the separation chamber between several fraction collectors (see RU 2336131, published 20.10.2008). The disadvantage of the known analogue is the lack of loosening of the total mass of the original material in the form of medicinal plants in the form of flowers, petals, leaves for the separation of mouse, rat and bird droppings, becauseThey are dried under a roof without exposure to sunlight, but in an open air space.

[0011] The technical result consists in ensuring the separation of bird, rat and mouse flight from low-mobility materials in the form of medicinal plants, namely flowers, petals, leaves, as well as seeds of perennial herbs, such as brome, which makes it possible to obtain a pure product for pharmacology with an increased effective residence time of particles of the separated product in the separation chamber and a decrease in the degree of turbulence of the separating air flow.

[0012] The technical result is achieved in that the device for separating low-mobility materials includes a frame, a feeder hopper, a jet generator with nozzles and an air blower located underneath it, a separation chamber, collectors of finished and repeated fractions, at least one air flow baffle and an ascending air flow former, wherein the air flow baffle is made in the form of a convex surface located on the rear wall of the separation chamber, and the ascending air flow former is made in the form of ejection windows for the passage of atmospheric air located in the bottom of the separation chamber between several fraction collectors, a device for loosening and uniformly feeding medicinal plants in the form of flowers, petals and leaves into the separation zone is mounted in the feeder hopper, made in the form of a ripper shaft with ripper rods located on it, driven by an electric motor fixed to the frame,through pulleys by means of a belt transmission, the ripper shaft is attached to the feeder hopper by means of bearings and is located across it, and the device for loosening and uniform feeding of medicinal plants in the form of flowers, petals and leaves ensures the supply of the initial material proportional to the volume of the air flow supplied to the separation zone by means of a frequency converter for adjusting the speed of the air blower and the ripper shaft.

[0013] The presence in the feeder bunker of a device for loosening and uniform feeding into the separation zone of low-mobility materials in the form of medicinal plants, namely flowers, petals and leaves, made in the form of a shaft - a ripper with ripper rods located on it, located across the feeder bunker ensures the implementation of precise multi-fraction separation and fine cleaning of flowers, petals and leaves of medicinal plants due to the possibility of separating bird, rat and mouse flight from medicinal plants.

[0014] Also, precise multi-fraction separation and fine purification of medicinal plants is ensured by the proportionality of the inflow of the source material to the volume of the air flow supplied to the separation zone by means of a frequency converter for adjusting the speed of the air blower and the ripper shaft.

[0015] The frequency converter regulates the air blower electric motor, as well as the ripper shaft drive electric motor, in order to create a certain proportionality of their revolutions.

[0016] It is preferable to make the convex surface of the air flow baffle wavy.

[0017] When performing precise separation and fine cleaning of flowers, petals, leaves of medicinal plants from mouse, rat and bird droppings by means of a horizontal air flow, the determining role is played by the duration of the effective stay of particles of the separated product in the said air flow, i.e. in the separation chamber. The longer the stay of medicinal plants, the greater the number of fractions of the separated product that can be isolated and the greater the number of volatile fractions that can be removed. Increasing the duration of the effective stay by increasing the overall height of the separation chamber to more than one meter is associated with increased energy costs and material intensity of the device. Creating an upward flow of atmospheric air towards flowers, petals, leaves of medicinal plants allows slowing down their fall under the influence of gravity and increasing the effective stay time in the working area of ​​the separation chamber.In this case, the formation of an ascending air flow does not require additional energy costs, since it is carried out due to the ejection of atmospheric air through the ejection windows. The process is self-regulating, since the ejection effect depends mainly on the air flow speed of the jet generator in the separation chamber. The ascending air flow allows for the separation of flowers, petals and leaves of medicinal plants from mouse, rat and bird droppings at a separation chamber height not exceeding 0.9 meters. The productivity of the device is mainly determined by the width of the separation chamber, and with its ratio to the height within 2.1-2.3, optimal profitability is ensured. The length of the separation chamber depends on the mechanical properties of the processed material, and with its value of 1.3-1.5 of the height, the greatest versatility of the device is ensured. The width of the gap of the ejection windows has been experimentally established, amounting to 20...25 mm, at which the resulting ejection effect reaches its maximum value. The execution of ejection windows in the form of round or rectangular openings with a certain pitch allows for simple means to achieve alignment of the velocity field of the ascending air flow across the entire width of the separation chamber. The optimal length of the separation chamber from the point of view of achieving the specified technical result is 1.3-1.5 times the height of the separation chamber, and the width of the separation chamber is 2.1-2.3 times the height of the separation chamber. It is advisable to make ejection windows for the passage of atmospheric air located between the second, third and fourth collectors of finished and repeated fractions.

[0018] It is possible to make ejection windows in the form of a slit, the width of which is 0.02-0.03 of the height of the separation chamber. Alternatively, it is possible to make ejection windows in the form of a set of holes located in rows. In this case, the holes in the rows are located with a variable pitch, and can also be made rectangular.

[0019] The quality of separation and cleaning of flowers, petals and leaves of medicinal plants, as well as the stability of the device operation largely depend on the nature of the air flow in the separation chamber. When air flow disruptions occur, turbulence zones or stagnant zones are formed, the efficiency of the device operation decreases sharply. These phenomena mainly occur due to the interaction of the air flow with the elements of the device design, the surface of which is perpendicular or almost perpendicular to the direction of the air flow. The probability of air flow turbulization is maximum when the air flow interacts with the rear wall of the separation chamber, therefore, to improve the flow conditions, it is equipped with an air flow baffle made in the form of a convex surface. This surface shape allows to minimize the area of ​​the frontal collision of the air flow and eliminate the occurrence of stagnant zones.

[0020] The claimed device for separating low-mobility materials is explained by the following figures.

[0021] Figure 1 shows a general view of a device for separating low-mobility materials; Figure 2 shows view A from Figure 1; Figure 3 shows unit I from Figure 2 (enlarged), in the form of an ejection window for the passage of atmospheric air in the form of a set of holes; Figure 4 shows the same as Figure 3, in the form of rectangular holes; Figure 5 shows a top view.

[0022] The device for separating low-mobility materials includes a feeder hopper 1, a jet generator 2, a separation chamber 3, and collectors 4 of finished and recycled fractions. The means for loading and feeding low-mobility materials 1 include a hopper body 5, a damper 6 and a vibration device (not shown) for uniformly feeding particles of low-mobility materials into the separation chamber 3. The jet generator 2 is mounted under the hopper body 5 and consists of an air blower, made, for example, in the form of a fan 7, an air duct 8 and a set of flat oriented nozzles 9. Inside the air duct 8, directly in front of the nozzles 9, one or more grates (not shown in the figures) can be located to equalize the air flow. The separation chamber 3 is a rectangular closed volume, the characteristic dimension of which is the height.In the figures, the height of the separation chamber 3 is designated by the letter H, accordingly, the length of the separation chamber 3 is (1.3-1.5)H, and the width of the separation chamber 3 is (2.1-2.3)H. On the inner surface of the rear wall of the separation chamber 3 opposite the nozzles 9, an air flow baffle 10 is located. The air flow baffle 10 is made in the form of a convex surface of a wave shape. A similar or identical baffle 10 can be installed on the upper and side walls of the separation chamber 3. Above the baffle 10, in the upper part of the rear wall of the separation chamber 3, an opening I is made for removing the air flow and volatile fractions from the separation chamber 3. The bottom of the separation chamber 3 is a set of alternating in a certain sequence collectors 4 of finished and repeated fractions. The division of collection tanks 4 according to their intended purpose for finished and recycled fractions is conditional and depends on the properties of the low-mobility materials being processed.The serial number of collector 4 is essential, based on its distance from the front (nozzle) wall of separation chamber 3. Thus, the densest fractions will be collected in the first or closest to the front wall collector 4, and as collector 4 is removed, the density of the fraction collected in it will decrease. Collectors 4 are dividing troughs located across the separation chamber 3 across its entire width, each of which has a discharge neck (the necks are not shown conditionally in the figures). In addition to collectors 4, an ascending air flow former is mounted in the bottom of separation chamber 3, which is made in the form of a set of ejection windows 12 for the passage of atmospheric air. Ejection windows 12 are located between the second and third, third and fourth, fourth and fifth collectors 4. In the simplest case of the device implementation (see Fig.2) each ejection window 12 for the passage of atmospheric air has the form of a rectangular slit, the length of which is 2.1-2.3 times the height of the separation chamber 3, and the width is 0.02-0.03 times the height of the separation chamber 3. It is possible to implement a device (see Fig. 3), in which each ejection window 12 for the passage of atmospheric air is made in the form of rows of round openings 13 or (see Fig. 4) rectangular openings 14. In this case, openings 13 and 14 in the rows are located with a variable pitch, i.e. the intercenter distances of openings 13 or 14 are different.A device for loosening and uniform feeding of flowers, petals and leaves of medicinal plants into the separation zone 15 is mounted in the feeder bin, made in the form of a ripper shaft 16 with ripper rods 17 located on it, driven by an electric motor 18 secured to the frame, through pulleys by means of a belt transmission 19, the ripper shaft is attached to the feeder bin by means of bearings 20 and is located across it. The device for loosening and uniform feeding of low-mobility materials is a device capable of feeding a certain amount of the initial material in proportion to the volume of the air flow supplied to the separation zone. The proportions of the initial material and the air flow are maintained by using a frequency converter (not shown) for adjusting the speed of the fan electric motor and the ripper shaft drive electric motor. The device functions as follows.

[0023] Flowers, petals and leaves of medicinal plants subject to separation are poured into the housing of the hopper 5 of the means 1 of loading and feeding the mixture. When the device is connected to the power supply line, the vibration device, the device for loosening and uniform feeding into the separation zone 15 and the jet generator 2 are switched on. Switching on the electric motor 18 fixed on the frame by means of bearings 20 sets in motion through pulleys by means of a belt drive the shaft - ripper 16 with the ripper rods 17 located on it through pulleys by means of a belt drive. The shaft - ripper 16, rotating, with the ripper rods "beat" the loose mixture of flowers, petals and leaves of medicinal plants with the mouse, rat and bird droppings contained in them. The damper b is raised and as a result, a uniform supply of loosened flowers, petals and leaves of medicinal plants with mouse, rat and bird droppings occurs into the separation chamber 3.Jet generator 2, due to a set of flat oriented nozzles 9, ensures the supply of a uniform and practically horizontally directed air flow to the separation chamber 3. The air flow from jet generator 2 picks up the flow of flowers, petals and leaves of medicinal plants and bird, rat and mouse flight freely falling from the housing of hopper 5. As a result of the effect of the scanning cascade of flat air jets on them, the separated material is divided into fractions and bird, rat and mouse flight is separated from the medicinal plants. Denser particles descend into the zone of the first collector 4, and less dense ones are thrown to the subsequent collectors 4. Easily volatile and dusty fractions are carried away by the air flow of jet generator 2 and are removed from the separation chamber 3 through opening I for the removal of the air flow.The streamlined wave-like shape of the convex surface of the air flow baffle 10 contributes to the stabilization of the laminar (irrotational) flow of the air stream in the separation chamber 3. The ejection windows 12 for the passage of atmospheric air are located between the collectors 4 of commercial fractions and provide conditioning of the latter. In the process of moving the air flow of the jet generator 2 along the length of the separation chamber 3 with the formation of a fluid medium, a vacuum occurs in the latter in relation to the atmosphere surrounding the device, which results in the ejection (suction) of atmospheric air into the separation chamber 3 through the ejection windows 12. The ejected ascending flow of atmospheric air rises through the ejection windows 12 from the bottom up towards the particles of flowers, petals, leaves, medicinal plants falling to the corresponding collectors 4.Thus, there is a counter movement of the ascending flow of atmospheric air and particles of flowers, petals, leaves, medicinal plants, which leads to a slowdown in the fall (weighing) of the latter, an increase in the effective time of their stay in the working area of ​​the separation chamber 3 and an increase in the accuracy of separation from bird, rat and mouse flight to 98-98.5%. The device is effective when used to carry out separation, which is very important in pharmacology.

Claims

Invention formula A device for separating low-mobility materials, comprising a frame, a feeder hopper, a jet generator with nozzles and an air blower located underneath it, a separation chamber, collectors of finished and repeated fractions, at least one air flow baffle and an ascending air flow former, wherein the air flow baffle is made in the form of a convex surface located on the rear wall of the separation chamber, and the ascending air flow former is made in the form of ejection windows for the passage of atmospheric air, located in the bottom of the separation chamber between several fraction collectors, characterized in that a device for loosening and uniformly feeding medicinal plants in the form of flowers, petals and leaves into the separation zone is mounted in the feeder hopper, made in the form of a shaft - a ripper with ripper rods located on it, driven by an electric motor fixed to the frame,through pulleys by means of a belt drive, the ripper shaft is attached to the feeder hopper by means of bearings and is located across it, and the loosening device and, uniform supply of medicinal plants in the form of flowers, petals and leaves ensures the supply of the source material in proportion to the volume of air flow supplied to the separation zone by means of a frequency converter for adjusting the speed of the air blower and the ripper shaft.

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