Method of oxygenating a liquid and apparatus for implementing the same

Abstract

A device for oxygenating a liquid comprises a high-pressure vessel configured for accommodating the liquid to be enriched with oxygen. The high-pressure vessel has an inlet gate valve configured for feeding the liquid into the high-pressure vessel, a drain gate valve configured for discharging the liquid from the high-pressure vessel, an oxygen valve configured for feeding oxygen at high pressure from an oxygen source into the high-pressure vessel filled with the liquid and a relieve valve configured for venting oxygen from the high-pressure into atmosphere.

Description

METHOD OF OXYGENATING A LIQUID AND APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTINGTHE SAMEFIELD OF THE INVENTION[1] The present invention relates to methods and systems for increasing the oxygen content in blood, and in particular, to methods and devices utilizing osmotic oxygen diffusion from oxygen-enriched liquid to blood flow.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[2] Oxygen is a critical nutrient for human cells. Even brief periods of oxygen deprivation can cause cell damage, potentially leading to organ dysfunction or failure. For instance, heart attack and stroke victims experience blood flow obstructions or diversions that prevent oxygen from reaching vital tissues. Without sufficient oxygen, the heart and brain begin to deteriorate. In severe cases, complete organ failure can result in death. Milder cases typically require costly hospitalizations, specialized treatments, and prolonged rehabilitation.[3] Oxygen is essential for the survival of human cells. Short-term oxygen deficiency can lead to cellular damage, which may result in organ dysfunction or failure. In situations such as heart attacks and strokes, blood flow obstructions or deviations inhibit the delivery of oxygen to crucial tissues. Without oxygen, the heart and brain deteriorate progressively. In extreme cases, this results in total organ failure and death. In less severe cases, patients often require hospitalization, specialized interventions, and extended recovery, incurring significant costs.[4] US 10857325 discloses catheters depicts a system for delivering a physiologic fluid (e.g., supersaturated saline) to a patient. The physiologic liquid to be oxygenated is maintained in a gas- impermeable bag suspended within a pressure vessel. Application of pressure outside the bag is used to drive the oxygenated carrier liquid at a hydrostatic pressure greater than the dissolved oxygen partial pressure.[5] The physiological fluid is infused with oxygen under high pressure (100 ATA), which causes the oxygen to dissolve in the fluid. This dissolved oxygen remains in the fluid for a considerable length of time, even after the pressure is released.[6] US8574309 discloses a two-stage system for oxygenating and removing carbon dioxide from a physiological fluid, including: a primary exchange module configured to receive a gas having oxygen therein and a carrier fluid having carbon dioxide therein. The primary exchange module is configured to transfer oxygen from the gas to the carrier fluid and transfer carbon dioxide from the carrier fluid to the gas to create an oxygen loaded carrier fluid and a carbon dioxide load gas. A secondary exchange module is configured to receive the oxygen loaded carrier fluid and a physiological fluid having the carbon dioxide therein.[7] Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation devices, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal devices, and intravascular oxygenators devices are described in US8574309. Oxygenation of blood with dialysis membranes is accomplished by diffusing highly oxygenated dialysate fluid across the membrane, thereby facilitating the exchange between highly oxygenated dialysate and blood with a lower oxygen content. This diffusion is driven by the movement of oxygen from a region with a high concentration of oxygen, such as the dialysate compartment, to a region with a lower concentration; in this case, from the dialysate compartment to the blood.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION[8] It is hence one object of the invention to a device for oxygenating a liquid comprising a high- pressure vessel configured for accommodating the liquid to be enriched with oxygen. The aforesaid high-pressure vessel has an inlet gate valve configured for feeding the liquid into the high-pressure vessel, a drain gate valve configured for discharging the liquid from the high-pressure vessel, an oxygen valve configured for feeding oxygen at high pressure from an oxygen source into the high- pressure vessel filled with the liquid and a relieve valve configured for venting oxygen from the high-pressure in atmosphere. The inlet gate valve is normally closed and openable during filing the high-pressure vessel with the liquid. The drain gate valve is normally closed and openable during discharging the liquid from the high-pressure vessel. The oxygen valve is normally closed and openable during feeding oxygen into the high-pressure vessel and relief valve is normally closed and openable during venting oxygen from the high-pressure vessel after holding the liquid in the high-pressure vessel at the high pressure during a predetermined time period.[9] Another object of the invention is to disclose the liquid which is selected from the group consisting of a sodium chloride (saline) solution of different concentrations, lactated Ringer’s solution, aprotein solution, a potassium chloride solution, a sodium bicarbonate solution, dextrose-saline solution, and any other solution that can be exposed to high environmental pressure.

[0010] A further object of the invention is to disclose the predetermined high pressure which is in a range between 80 and 300 atmospheres.

[0011] A further object of the invention is to disclose the predetermined time period which is in a range between 1 second and 60 minutes.

[0012] A further object of the invention is to disclose the said liquid selected from the group consisting of a perfluorocarbon-based solution, a lipid-based emulsion, an ionic liquid, a saline solution, an electrolyte solution, a protein solution, a peptide-based solution, an oxygen solubility enhancer containing solution, and any combination thereof.

[0013] A further object of the invention is to disclose the liquid which is desalinated water.

[0014] A further object of the invention is to disclose the solutions prepared on purified water selected from the group consisting of reverse-osmosis-purified water, deionized water, distilled water, and any combination thereof.

[0015] A further object of the invention is to disclose the purified water selected from the group consisting of ionization-treated water, ultraviolet radiation-treated, electrolytic dissociation-treated water, and any combination thereof.

[0016] A further object of the invention is to disclose a method of oxygenating a liquid comprising steps of: (a) providing a device for oxygenating a liquid comprising a high-pressure vessel configured for accommodating the liquid to be enriched with oxygen; the high-pressure vessel having an inlet gate valve configured for feeding the liquid into the high-pressure vessel, a drain gate valve configured for discharging the liquid from the high-pressure vessel, an oxygen valve configured for feeding oxygen at predetermined high pressure from an oxygen source into the high-pressure vessel filled with the liquid and a relieve valve configured for venting oxygen from the high- pressure in atmosphere; the inlet gate valve is normally closed and openable during filing the high- pressure vessel with the liquid; the drain gate valve being normally closed and openable during discharging the liquid from the high-pressure vessel; the oxygen valve being normally closed and openable during feeding oxygen into the high-pressure vessel and relief valve being normally closed and openable during venting oxygen from the high-pressure vessel after holding the liquid in the high-pressure vessel at the high pressure during a predetermined time period; (b) opening the inlet gate valve, filling the high-pressure vessel with the liquid to be oxygenated, and closingthe inlet gate valve thereafter; (c) opening the oxygen valve and feeding oxygen at high pressure from an oxygen source into the high-pressure vessel up to the predetermined high pressure, and closing thereafter; (d) holding the liquid at the predetermined high pressure for a predetermined time period; (e) opening the relieve valve and venting oxygen from the high-pressure into atmosphere or other tank; and (f) discharging the liquid from the high-pressure vessel via the drain gate valve^

[0017] A further object of the invention is to disclose a system for extracorpor eally oxygenating blood. The aforesaid system comprises: (a) a high-pressure vessel fillable with a liquid to be oxygenated; the high-pressure vessel being in fluid communication with a source of pressurized oxygen; the high-pressure vessel is configured for oxygenating the liquid by holding the liquid under a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period; the high-pressure vessel configured for dispensing an oxygenated liquid after the holding under the predetermined oxygen pressure; (b) a filter chamber having first and second flow-through compartments divided by an osmotic membrane therebetween; first and second flow-through compartments having inlet and outlet ends each; (c) a first pump feeding the oxygenated liquid from the high-pressure vessel into the first compartment; and (d) a second pump feeding blood to be oxygenated into the second compartment.

[0018] The oxygenated liquid when dispensed from a high-pressure vessel is fed into the inlet end of the first compartment and discharged via the outlet end of the first compartment. The blood to be oxygenated is fed into the inlet end of the second compartment and, when oxygenated, outflows from the outlet end of the second compartment.

[0019] A further object of the invention is to disclose the directions of flows of the blood and the oxygenated liquid within the first and second compartments, respectively, which are opposite.

[0020] A further object of the invention is to disclose the hemofilter selected from the group consisting of a micro- or nanoporous membrane, an ion-permeable membrane, a catalytic oxygenation membrane, an electrically charged membrane, and any combination thereof.

[0021] A further object of the invention is to disclose the system comprising sensors configured for measuring concentrations of dissolved oxygen upstream and downstream relative to said hemofilter.

[0022] A further object of the invention is to disclose the hemofilter configured for decreasing CO2 concentration within a patient’s bloodstream.

[0023] A further object of the invention is to disclose a method of extracorporeally oxygenating blood. The aforesaid method comprises steps of: (a) providing a system for extracorporeally oxygenating blood; the system comprising: (i) a high-pressure vessel fillable with a liquid to be oxygenated; the high-pressure vessel being in fluid communication with a source of pressurized oxygen; the high-pressure vessel is configured for oxygenating the liquid by holding the liquid under a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period; the high-pressure vessel configured for dispensing an oxygenated liquid after the holding under the predetermined oxygen pressure; (ii) a filter chamber having first and second flow-through compartments divided by an osmotic membrane therebetween; first and second flow-through compartments having inlet and outlet ends each; (iii) a first pump feeding the oxygenated liquid from the high-pressure vessel into the first compartment; and (iv) a second pump feeding blood to be oxygenated into the second compartment; the oxygenated liquid when dispensed from a high-pressure vessel is fed into the inlet end of the first compartment and discharged via the outlet end of the first compartment; blood to be oxygenated is fed into the inlet end of the second compartment, and, when oxygenated outflows from the outlet end of the second compartment; (b) filling the high-pressure vessel with a liquid; (c) feeding oxygen at a predetermined high pressure into the high-pressure vessel; (d) holding the liquid under a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period; (e) relieving the predetermined high pressure within the high-pressure vessel to atmospheric pressure; (f) discharging the oxygenated liquid from the high-pressure vessel; (g) concurrently flowing the oxygenated liquid and blood to be oxygenated via the first and second compartments of a filter chamber, respectively, along the osmotic membrane in opposite directions.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to understand the invention and to see how it may be implemented in practice, a plurality of embodiments is adapted to now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

[0025] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for oxygenating a liquid;

[0026] Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method of oxygenating a liquid;

[0027] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of system extracorporeally oxygenating blood; and

[0028] Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method of extracorporeally oxygenating blood.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] The following description is provided, so as to enable any person skilled in the art to make use of said invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventor of carrying out this invention. Various modifications, however, are adapted to remain apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present invention have been defined specifically to provide method of oxygenating a liquid and a device for implementing the same.

[0030] Hypoxia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It can result from conditions such as acute lung injury (acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]), airway obstruction (e.g., facial trauma), or chronic lung diseases, among others. Treating patients with refractory hypoxia is particularly challenging and often requires intubation, mechanical ventilation, transfer to specialized care centers, and extended stays in intensive care. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and exposure to high concentrations of inspired oxygen can exacerbate lung injury (i.e., ventilator-induced lung injury), with the most hypoxic patients typically suffering the greatest injury. Treating hypoxemic patients with oxygen directly through intravenous administration offers several advantages. First, it bypasses the injured or obstructed respiratory system, delivering oxygen directly to the bloodstream and ensuring rapid oxygenation of vital organs. This can be particularly beneficial in patients with compromised lung function or airway obstructions, where traditional ventilation methods may be ineffective. Additionally, intravenous oxygenation reduces the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation, thereby minimizing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. It also offers greater stability during patient transport, ensuring continuous oxygen delivery without the complexities of managing airway devices. Lastly, this method could lower the dependency on high concentrations of inspired oxygen, reducing the potential for oxygen toxicity and further lung damage.

[0031] The present invention is directed to direct oxygenation of the patient’s blood in the course of a dialysis procedure. The procedure includes the following main steps: enriching a liquid with oxygen; and feeding the liquid enriched with oxygen into a dialyzer such that the oxygen contained in the liquid is osmotically transferred into the blood of the patient.

[0032] The present invention patent aims to improve oxygenation levels in blood by means of a hemodialysis system with a supersaturated oxygen-enriched fluid. The present invention enables efficient diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream resulting in a rise in concentration of dissolvedoxygen content and enhancement of oxygen delivery to tissues. The present invention is helpful for patients suffering from hypoxemia, ischemia, or other conditions requiring enhanced oxygenation.

[0033] According to one set of embodiments of the invention, the initial phase involves the communication between the ODS (Oxygen Dialysis System) and the patient. This interaction is crucial for ensuring that the system accurately meets the patient’s oxygen requirements. It encompasses monitoring the patient's respiratory needs and facilitating the appropriate adjustments in the oxygen flow, which is essential for optimal treatment outcomes.

[0034] According to yet another set of embodiments of the invention, the subsequent phase focuses on the fluid oxygenation process, which plays a significant role in delivering the necessary oxygen to the patient. This process includes various factors such as the shape of the oxygen tank, which can influence the efficiency of the oxygen delivery. The design of the tank, along with its structural characteristics, is instrumental in maintaining the integrity of the oxygen supply and ensuring a consistent flow during the treatment.

[0035] Reference is now made to Fig. 1 presenting a schematic diagram of device 100 for oxygenating a liquid.

[0036] Device 100 comprises high-pressure vessel 10 having inlet gate valve 25 and drain gate valve 55. Inlet gate valve 25 is configured for feeding said liquid 20 into said high-pressure vessel 10. Drain gate valve is configured for discharging the liquid from high-pressure vessel 10. Numerals 13 and 15 refer to the liquid per se and its level within pressure vessel 10, respectively. When the within pressure vessel 10 has been filled with liquid, oxygen valve 35 opens and oxygen from oxygen source 30 such as a gas cylinder or an oxygen generator is fed to free space or otherwise, is fed to an almost full tank, within pressure vessel 10 over liquid level 15. A part of oxygen contained in pressure vessel 10 under high pressure is being dissolved in liquid 13 when held in pressure vessel 10 for a predetermined time period (for example, 15-30 min). Then, oxygen pressure is relieved to the atmospheric pressure. The oxygen contained within high-pressure vessel 10 is vented to the surrounding atmosphere via relief valve 45. Numeral 40 refers to vented oxygen. Liquid 50 enriched with oxygen at atmospheric pressure is discharged from high-pressure vessel 10 via drain gate valve 55.

[0037] Summarizing, inlet gate valve 25 is normally closed and openable during filing high-pressure vessel 10 with liquid 20. Drain gate valve 55 is normally closed and openable during dischargingliquid 50 from high-pressure vessel 10. Oxygen valve 35 is normally closed and openable during feeding oxygen into high-pressure vessel 10 from oxygen source 30. Relief valve 45 is normally closed and openable during venting oxygen 40 from high-pressure vessel 10 after holding liquid 13 in high-pressure vessel 10 at said high pressure during a predetermined time period.

[0038] Reference is now made to Fig. 2 presenting a flowchart of method 200 of oxygenating a liquid. Method 200 starts with providing a high-pressure vessel and an oxygen source such as an oxygen cylinder at step 110. The gas cylinder is connected to the high-pressure vessel. After opening the inlet gate valve, the high-pressure vessel is filled with a liquid to be oxygenated.

[0039] The liquid to be oxygenated can be based on a variety of physiological fluids and oxygencompatible solutions that are capable of binding to or carrying oxygen molecules without causing toxicity to the patient. These solutions can be tailored to different clinical needs, ensuring safety and efficacy in oxygen delivery. Some examples of suitable solutions include:

[0040] Perfluorocarbon-based solutions are chemically inert compounds that have a high capacity to dissolve oxygen and are usable in medical applications such as liquid ventilation and blood substitutes due to their ability to carry large volumes of oxygen.

[0041] Lipid-based or oil emulsions are able to carry oxygen molecules, acting as vehicles for oxygen delivery while maintaining biocompatibility.

[0042] Ionic fluids are able to dissolve gases, including oxygen, at high concentrations. When carefully formulated, they can serve as carriers for oxygen in a biocompatible manner.

[0043] Saline and electrolyte solutions such as traditional saline solutions (0.9% NaCl) and Ringer’s lactate are widely used as carriers for oxygen in medical practice for intravenous infusions and are non-toxic to patients. Hypertonic saline (e.g., 3% NaCl), which can be used in cases where a higher osmolarity is required, and potassium or lithium-enriched saline solutions.

[0044] Protein or peptide-based solutions such as albumin or peptide-based carriers can be formulated to transport oxygen while maintaining compatibility with blood plasma.

[0045] Emulsions with oxygen solubility enhancers can be formulated to increase the fluid’s capacity to carry oxygen. These emulsions are engineered to maximize oxygen delivery without causing toxicity.

[0046] Referring to the liquid to be oxygenated, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the aforesaid liquid is water filtered by reverse osmosis, deionized water, and distilled water.Capacity of water to dissolve oxygen can be enhanced by ionization, ultraviolet treatment, electrolytic dissociation, or the like.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the present invention this liquid is desalinated water. Then, the inlet gate valve is closed (step 120). The liquid accommodated in the high-pressure vessel is oxygenated by feeding high-pressure oxygen into the high-pressure vessel. Specifically, an oxygen valve opens and allows oxygen to flow into the high-pressure vessel. After achieving a predetermined high pressure of oxygen within the high-pressure vessel, the oxygen valve is closed (step 130). Optionally, the valve is not yet closed so that during the next step of holding the fluid under oxygen pressure, more oxygen inflow the fluid while part of it dissolved into the fluid. The liquid is held in the high-pressure vessel at the aforesaid predetermined high pressure of oxygen for a predetermined time period (step 140). After that, a relieve valve is opened and high-pressure oxygen accommodated within the high-pressure vessel is vented to the surrounding atmosphere or into a waste gas container (step 150) or to another tank. And finally, after opening drain gate valve, the oxygenated liquid is discharged the high-pressure vessel (step 160).

[0048] Reference is now made to Fig. 3 presenting a schematic diagram of system 300 for extracorporeally oxygenating blood. System 300 includes described above device 100 for oxygenating a liquid. System 300 comprises filter chamber 310 having first compartment 311 and second compartment 313 separated from each other by means of hemofilter 315 such as a membrane structures concurrently enabling gas exchange and liquid separation. Alternative hemofilter solutions are the following: ion-permeable membranes allowing the passage of certain ions while ensuring oxygen permeability, catalytic oxygenation membranes with catalysts integrated within the filter material, and electrically charged membranes increasing the interaction between oxygen molecules in the fluid and the blood.

[0049] It is well in the scope of the invention wherein the system contains two or more filters 310, set in a row or parallel manner. It is also in the scope of the invention wherein two or more different filters are utilized and set in a row or parallel manner; e.g., (a) utilizing two types of the followings: polysulfone membrane, PAN membrane, PMMA membrane, and cellulose acetate membrane; (b) utilizing high flux, low flux and protein-leaking filters; (c) in the same type, utilizing various modifications, such as unmodified cellulose, modified / regenerated cellulose, and synthetic cellulose filters, and / or polysulfone and polyethersulfone; (d) utilizing ion exchange and sizeexclusion membranes; (e) utilizing small size and larger size filters, column-type, sheet-type or spiral wound membrane arrangements; and any derivatives and combinations thereof.

[0050] The liquid usable for blood oxygenation can be selected from the following solutions: a sodium chloride (saline) solution of different concentrations, lactated Ringer’s solution containing sodium, potassium, calcium, and lactate, dextrose solution of different concentrations, a protein solution such as albumin solution with NaCl or without, a potassium chloride solution, a sodium bicarbonate solution, and dextrose and saline solution and any other solution that can be exposed to high environmental pressure.

[0051] The oxygenated liquid from which can be desalinated water via valve 55 is pumped into inlet end of 316 of first compartment 311 by pump 340. Further, the desalinated water is drained via outlet end 317 of first compartment 311 into a wastewater pipe 330. Concurrently with it, the blood flow to be oxygenated from inlet pipe 321 is fed by pump 345 via into inlet end 318 of second compartment 313. The flows of desalinated water and blood to be oxygenated are directed in an opposite manner to each other. By means of osmotic exchange blood contaminants diffuse into the desalinated water while oxygen which is under elevated partial pressure is the desalinated water is transferred to the blood flow. Then, the blood enriched with oxygen outflow via outlet end 319 of second compartment 313 outflows into pipe 323. It should be emphasized that draining blood to be oxygenated from a venous blood vessel of a mammal into pipe 321 and returning the oxygenated blood into a venous blood vessel, as part of a veno-venous extracorporeal blood circuit, is within the scope of the present invention.

[0052] System 300 includes piping, connectors, and fittings that create a sterile and efficient connection between the fluid production unit and the dialysis system. These components are: (1) medicalgrade, compliant with sterilization standards; (2) easily assembled and disassembled in clinical settings; and (3) compatible with existing hemodialysis and infusion systems to ensure seamless integration with medical devices.

[0053] In order to prevent exposure to the environment system 300, Sealed circuit design is applied. Specifically, system 300 from the oxygen enrichment unit to the point of infusion, can be constructed as a closed-loop circuit, ensuring that no air or environmental gases can enter the system, preventing oxygen loss.

[0054] Oxygen impermeable tubing is used. The tubing made from materials with low gas permeability (e.g., multi-layered polymers or fluorinated coatings) is used to minimize oxygen diffusion out ofthe fluid. This ensures that the oxygenated liquid retains its high oxygen content throughout the entire process.

[0055] According to one embodiment of the present invention, system 300 maintains slight positive pressure within the tubing and fluid reservoirs to further prevent external air from entering and compromising the oxygen content of the fluid.

[0056] According to one embodiment of the present invention, system 300 is provided with means for Inline Oxygen Monitoring. Continuously operating oxygen saturation sensors are incorporated along the tubing to monitor and maintain optimal levels of dissolved oxygen in the real time, ensuring the fluid effectiveness during delivery.According to one embodiment of the present invention, system 300 comprises a manifold and a piping network (not shown) for delivery the oxygenated liquid to a number of patients. Therefore, system 300 is provided with unified wall adaptors.

[0057] Reference is now made to Fig. 4 presenting a flowchart of method 400 of extracorporeally oxygenating blood. Method 400 starts with providing a system for extracorporeally oxygenating blood and an oxygen source such as an oxygen cylinder at step 410. Then, the high-pressure vessel is filled with the liquid to be oxygenated (step 420). Oxygen is fed to the high-pressure vessel at a predetermined high pressure (step 430). The liquid is held under a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period (step 440). The high pressure within the high-pressure vessel is relieved to atmospheric pressure at step 450. The oxygenated liquid is discharged from the high- pressure vessel are step 460. Finally, the blood to be oxygenated and the oxygenated liquid are pumped into first and second compartments of a filter chamber in opposite directions at step 470. As mentioned above, by means of osmotic exchange blood contaminants diffuse into the desalinated water while oxygen which is under elevated partial pressure in the desalinated water is transferred to the blood flow

[0058] To monitor the efficacy of the oxygenation process, inline sensors are integrated into system 300, The inline sensors are configured for measuring dissolved oxygen levels in the blood both before and after the dialysis filter. These sensors provide real-time feedback on the oxygenation process, ensure precise adjustments during treatment to achieve optimal oxygen levels, are integrated into the extracorporeal circuit or intravenous lines to continuously measure and record pCh levels, enhancing clinical safety.

[0059] According to one embodiment of the present invention, system 300 is operable as a standalone device or as a built-in device in standard medical equipment, such as dialysis machines or other extracorporeal systems. The standalone system has autonomous control mechanisms and means for delivery of oxygenated liquid. In the integrated system, system 300 can be easily connected to existing hemodialysis machines, ECMO systems, or other extracorporeal circuits, enhancing its versatility for hospitals and clinics.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the oxygenated liquid is able to be administered in a continuous flow through the hemodialysis system, or delivered directly to the patient via intravenous access. This dual delivery option ensures that the system can be applied in different clinical environments. Continuous infusion during hemodialysis ensures constant oxygen delivery to the patient, optimizing oxygenation over time.

[0061] Continuous infusion during, before or after hemofiltration. Direct intravenous infusion can be employed in critical care or emergency settings, allowing rapid delivery of oxygenated liquids.

[0062] An optional enhancement involves delivery of oxygenated fluid locally to specific organs or tissues. The oxygenated liquid can be delivered directly to critical organs like the heart, brain, kidneys, liver or ischemic limbs providing targeted oxygen therapy where it is needed most. Arterial or venous delivery options are available, depending on the clinical need, allowing for precise control of oxygen levels in specific areas of the body. Local delivery of the oxygenated liquid ensures localized treatment of hypoxic tissues, enhancing the therapeutic impact while minimizing potential side effects.

[0063] According to one embodiment of the present invention, hemofilter 315 is configured for removing CO2 during the oxygenation process using an "Oxygen Dialysis System" (ODS) of the present invention. CO2, being a smaller molecule than O2, can naturally diffuse across the membrane from the blood into the fluid during the oxygenation process. Hemofilter 315 is designed to allow the efficient transfer of CO2 from the blood into the Supersaturated fluid, enhancing the patient's blood gas balance. The CO2-removal feature can improve outcomes in cases where hypercapnia (elevated CO2 levels) occurs and there is a need for managing CO2 content in parallel with oxygen enrichment.

[0064] An additional option involves integrating ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) into the process. Specifically, the ECCO2R (Extracorporeal CO2 Removal) system, such as Baxter’s method, could be included in-line with the dialysis system. The system can be used at low flowrates, similar to dialysis, making it suitable for CO2 removal while also providing some degree of oxygenation. This arrangement could be useful in patients who require both CO2 removal and oxygen enrichment, especially those with respiratory failure or severe lung disease. Integrating this into the dialysis process would add versatility to the system.

[0065] Specifically, the standard dialysis procedure is added with the oxygen-saturated fluid added directly to the blood stream after the hemofiltration device.

[0066] Reference is now made to additional compression option of system 500, according to another embodiment of the invention, schematically depicted in Fig. 5. Here, oxygen tank 501 via oxygen inlet 502 is normally closed, avoiding a connection with the compression tank 503; and is normally connected with a circulation loop 504 where the fluid flows.

[0067] It is the scope of the invention wherein steps of compression and / or circulation and / or cooling / heating and / or flowing of a fluid are provided in a continuous manner and / or in a pulsed manner, where the train of pulses is homogeneous, namely it comprises pulses that are of similar physical properties (time length, pressures, volumes etc.), and / or heterogeneous train of pulses, comprises pulses that are of different in their physical properties, forming e.g., ever increasing / decreasing profile, gaussian profde etc. A combination of steps in continuous or pulsed- wise manner is provided useful in some of the embodiments of the invention, namely continuous flowing, namely pumping in homogenous or pulsed-wised manner. A controller and an array of sensors are utilized in an operation of such a complex time-resolved and feedbacked operation.

[0068] This process, schematically depicted in Figure 6, may be provided useful in method 600 comprising steps 601-606, namely, filling the tank with a fluid (601), then initiating a circulation loop (602); opening an oxygen valve, and keeping the process for a designated period (603). After a while, closing the oxygen valve (604), releasing the pressure by opening the gas exhaust valve (605), and then, discharging the liquid (606).

[0069] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein the systems and methods defined in any of the above comprising an optional means and steps of precooling the fluid. For example, cooling the fluid to a temperature range of about 5 to about 15 degrees Celsius by a cooler (such as a refrigerator or a blast chiller) is provided useful.

[0070] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for home use, or otherwise, to be used outside the hospital, e.g., in a point of care, clinics, specialized ambulances etc., as an alternative to regular visits to atreatment center. Hence, is well in the scope of the invention wherein at least a portion of the system is moisturized, provided to be handheld, portable or carriable. It is also in the scope of the invention wherein at least a portion of the system is incorporated with, composed in, to interconnected with patient's dedicated furniture, such as bed, chair or the like.

[0071] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems defined in any of the above are provided as a single use or disposable items, such as cassette. The term cassette refers here in a non-limiting manner to a disposable module (e.g., blood or dialysate cassettes), subsystem (such as pumping unit, fluid-conduits etc.) or the like.

[0072] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems defined in any of the above are provided for inhouse or outdoor uses; and comprises or otherwise intercommunicated with solar panel for generating electricity to power the dialysis machine and / or an atmospheric water generator for extracting water from ambient air. Such emergency mode applications may be in connection with manually operated power or pressure sources.

[0073] During oxidizing hemodialysis, patients may experience discomfort during or after treatment, including general unease, muscle cramps, and dizziness. With the increasing use of portable dialysis options, modifying treatment protocols can significantly enhance patient comfort, overall experience, and well-being. The primary technical challenge addressed in this patent is the enhancement of patient comfort and satisfaction during hemodialysis treatments. Hence, it is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems defined in any of the above are designed for oxygenating hemodialysis incorporates one or more hardware-based, non- transitory computer-readable memory units. These memory units store instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, enable the device to enhance the patient’s experience by addressing discomfort experienced during or after treatment. The system collects data related to the device's operations and the patient’s characteristics, sourcing this data from the device itself or user inputs received directly at the device or a separate computing device. The collected data is subsequently transmitted to a remote computing device, which utilizes an artificial intelligence (Al) engine or predefined rules to analyze the information. This remote device then sends back to the medical device or its associated computing device various types of feedback, including: (a) adjustments to the device's operations, (b) suggested modifications for improving treatment, or (c) notifications regarding the device or the patient's status. This process leverages crowd-sourced datafrom other patients or medical devices, ensuring that the adjustments are informed by real-world experiences to improve patient comfort and overall treatment satisfaction.

[0074] It is according to another embodiment of the invention, wherein compressible and concentrated suspensions containing gas-filled microbubbles are developed for use in oxygenating dialysis, facilitating efficient gas delivery to patients in need. These microbubbles consist of a gas core encased in a lipid membrane that includes (a) various lipids, such as l,2-disteroyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (DSPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and (b) stabilizing agents, which may include detergents like poloxamer 188, PluronicF108, PluronicF127, polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether, cholesterol, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and sodium deoxycholate (NaDoc). These systems enhance the delivery of oxygen during hemodialysis treatments, improving patient outcomes and overall treatment effectiveness.

[0075] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems comprise a cooler (such as a refrigerator or a blast chiller) provided useful for thermoregulating the fluids in their various location in the system.

[0076] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for treating a patient undergoing oxygenating dialysis involves the intravenous infusion of a non-blood liquid that is supersaturated with oxygen gas. This procedure includes maintaining the temperature of the supersaturated liquid at a low level during the infusion to help reduce the patient's core body temperature from a pre-infusion baseline, thereby inducing mild therapeutic hypothermia. In addition, the method requires adjusting the flow rate of oxygen gas into the non-blood liquid while it is held in a gas-liquid contact device, ensuring that the appropriate amount of oxygen gas is effectively dissolved in the liquid prior to its intravenous infusion into the patient.

[0077] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for an oxygen therapy involves the following steps: (a) Oxygenating a non-blood liquid outside the body by exposing it to oxygen under hyperbaric pressures; (b) Ensuring that the liquid remains in contact with the oxygen until its partial pressure of oxygen reaches a minimum of 760 mm Hg; and (c) Administering the oxygenated liquid to a patient while maintaining the oxygen's partial pressure at hyperbaric levels.

[0078] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for oxygenating an individual's blood involves the process ofcontacting a segment of the internal organ(s), such as digestive tract with an aqueous or water- miscible formulation that contains oxygen-filled microbubbles.

[0079] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for directing patient treatment includes the following steps: assessing the oxygenation status of a patient’s tissue by computing the ratio of oxymyoglobin and oxyhemoglobin to the combined totals of deoxymyoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, as well as oxymyoglobin and oxyhemoglobin; and modifying the administration of a pharmaceutical agent to the patient using a drug delivery system, aiming to adjust the patient's tissue oxygenation to achieve a predetermined target level.

[0080] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for administering oxygen to a specific area in a patient requiring oxygen therapy during oxygenating hemodialysis, the method comprises: supplying a flowthrough immobilized peroxide decomposition catalyst device equipped with at least one inlet for an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and an outlet for oxygenated aqueous fluid; introducing the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution into the inlet of the device; and directing the oxygenated aqueous fluid, now free of hydrogen peroxide, to the targeted area in the patient.

[0081] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for delivering automated oxygen therapy alongside a double closed-loop regulated device designed to control oxygen administration for this therapy. This device and method utilize a controller that manages the flow of oxygen through a valve, making adjustments based on feedback from a flowmeter and a sensor. Furthermore, the controller is programmed to implement a control algorithm that activates in response to physiological data received from the sensor, indicating when the patient is performing physical exercise. This control algorithm enables iterative modifications of the oxygen flow through the valve, employing a predictive oxygen consumption model to address heightened oxygen requirements during physical activity.

[0082] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for patient monitoring. It designed to track oxygen saturation and / or oxygenation levels in a patient's blood. It re-oxygenates the patient when oxygen levels fall below a specified threshold, indicating hypoxemia. The re-oxygenation process begins with a rapid oxygenation phase, followed by a gradual reduction, allowing for oxygen delivery at atmosphericlevels. The system dynamically adjusts the ratio of delivered oxygen to ambient air, the duration of therapy, and the frequency of oxygenation events. It can also modify the automated delivery of medications based on the patient's condition and re-oxygenation status.

[0083] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for supplying oxygen during oxygenating hemodialysis to a patient's tissues or organs involves administering a formulation that includes a suspension of microbubbles along with a carrier. These microbubbles consist of a lipid shell encapsulating a gas core filled with oxygen. The lipid shell is made up of one or more lipids arranged as a lipid film, and it includes one or more emulsifying agents that create a protective barrier on the exterior of the lipid film. These emulsifying agents play a role in forming this protective layer, and the suspension contains a minimum of 40% oxygen by volume. This formulation is delivered in an effective dosage to improve the oxygen concentration in the patient’s blood, tissues, or organs that are in need of oxygen.

[0084] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for providing a kit designed for the rapid delivery of oxygen during oxygenating hemodialysis for a patient in need includes: (a) a combination of one or more lipids and one or more emulsifying agents that facilitate the formation of microbubbles, (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and (c) a source of oxygen. When these components are combined to create a microbubble suspension, the resulting microbubbles feature a lipid shell encasing a gas core, with the gas core containing oxygen. The lipid shell comprises one or more lipids organized as a lipid film, along with one or more emulsifying agents. The outer surface of the lipid film serves as a protective barrier, while the emulsifying agents help establish this protective layer. The suspension is formulated to contain at least 40% oxygen by volume.

[0085] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein it provides systems and methods through which intravenous fluids, blood, or artificial blood enriched with high levels of mechanically-injected dissolved oxygen can be utilized to maintain adequate oxygen levels in venous blood, thereby providing short-term oxygenation support for patients experiencing compromise or trauma. Specifically, the process is designed for oxygenating a biological fluid intended for use in compromised or trauma patients who require oxygenation support to sustain appropriate oxygen levels. The process involves supplying oxygen gas from a designated oxygensource and dissolving a specified amount of this oxygen into the biological fluid, resulting in an oxygen-enriched fluid suitable for oxygenating hemodialysis treatment.

[0086] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for managing supersaturated oxygen therapy through feedback from patient parameters. Systems and methods of this embodiments are configured for managing oxygenation therapy during hemodialysis utilize one or more sensors to monitor various physiological parameters, such as blood or tissue oxygen levels, in the patient. A processing unit generates alerts through a user interface based on these measurements, providing information regarding the effectiveness of the oxygenation therapy. Specifically, the processor is designed to receive signals corresponding to the measured values of blood oxygen parameters from the sensors and, based on these values, produce alerts via the user interface that indicate the current status of the blood oxygen levels, reflecting the effectiveness of the oxygenation therapy during treatment.

[0087] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for managing oxygen treatment during oxygenating hemodialysis for a patient comprises an oxygen concentrator designed for generating and delivering oxygen-enriched fluid to the patient according to a specified dosage, sensing and collecting physiological data from the patient, collecting operational data throughout the generation and delivery of the oxygen-enriched fluid, adjusting the dosage of oxygen-enriched fluid based on the monitored physiological data, and transmitting both operational and physiological data. Additionally, a health data analysis engine interconnected with the oxygen concentrator is configured for collecting the data sent by the oxygen concentrator, detecting a triggering event based on the collected information, and determining an appropriate response to address the identified triggering event.

[0088] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein targeted oxygen delivery during oxygenating hemodialysis involves the intravenous or intra-arterial infusion of oxygenated polymerized hemoglobin solutions is disclosed. Those means and methods entail administering an oxygenated hemoglobin solution to the patient, specifically designed for enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues, blood vessels, organs, or regions of an organ under ischemic conditions. The oxygenated hemoglobin solution contains polymerized hemoglobin, with approximately 80% by weight or more of the polymerized hemoglobin remaining as oxyhemoglobin, in addition to a suitable perfusion solution tailored for effectively perfusing various organ types.

[0089] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein devices for infusing gases into the bloodstream during oxygenating hemodialysis involve the creation and introduction of gaseous nanobubbles to achieve therapeutic effects such as enhanced oxygenation. These nanobubbles can be generated either inside or outside the patient, either during the infusion process or beforehand. Additionally, carbon dioxide (CO2) is extracted from the blood to facilitate improved oxygen delivery. The method for infusing blood with gas involves creating gas bubbles in a medium, reducing those bubbles to nanobubbles with diameters of less than 500 nm, and then introducing the medium containing these nanobubbles into the patient's bloodstream. The nanobubbles can be ruptured using external energy at targeted locations within the body. The system designed to remove CO2 from the bloodstream includes a first chamber that receives blood from the patient, a second chamber, and a permeable membrane that separates the two chambers. A vacuum is employed to lower the pressure in the second chamber, thereby increasing the flow of CO2 from the blood through the membrane. Additionally, a flow pump connects to the first chamber on the input side and is linked to the patient on the output side, facilitating efficient blood circulation during treatment.

[0090] It is according to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein systems and methods defined in any of the above are configured for

[0091] In addition, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, components, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as coupled may be directly coupled or may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.ABSTRACTA system for extracorporeally oxygenating blood comprises: (a) a high-pressure configured for oxygenating the liquid by holding the liquid under a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period and dispensing an oxygenated liquid thereafter; (b) a filter chamber having first and second flow-through compartments divided by an osmotic membranetherebetween; first and second flow-through compartments having inlet and outlet ends each; (c) a first pump feeding the oxygenated liquid from the high-pressure vessel into the first compartment; and (c) a second pump feeding blood to be oxygenated into the second compartment. The oxygenated liquid when dispensed from a high-pressure vessel is fed into the inlet end of the first compartment and discharged via the outlet end of the first compartment; blood to be oxygenated is fed into the inlet end of the second compartment, and, when oxygenated outflows from the outlet end of the second compartment.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A device for oxygenating a liquid comprising a high-pressure vessel configured for accommodating said liquid to be enriched with oxygen; said high-pressure vessel having an inlet gate valve configured for feeding said liquid into said high-pressure vessel, a drain gate valve configured for discharging said liquid from said high-pressure vessel, an oxygen valve configured for feeding oxygen at high pressure from an oxygen source into said high- pressure vessel filled with said liquid and a relieve valve configured for venting oxygen from said high-pressure in atmosphere; said inlet gate valve is normally closed and openable during filing said high-pressure vessel with said liquid; said drain gate valve is normally closed and openable during discharging said liquid from said high-pressure vessel; and said oxygen valve is normally closed and openable during feeding oxygen into said high-pressure vessel and relief valve is normally closed and openable during venting oxygen from said high-pressure vessel after holding said liquid in said high-pressure vessel at said high pressure during a predetermined time period.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein said liquid is selected from the group consisting of a perfluorocarbon-based solution, a lipid-based emulsion, an ionic liquid, desalinated water, a saline solution, an electrolyte solution, a protein solution, a peptide-based solution, an oxygen solubility enhancer containing solution, and any combination thereof .

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein said solutions are prepared on purified water selected from the group consisting of reverse-osmosis-purified water, deionized water, distilled water, and any combination thereof.

4. The device according to claim 2, wherein said purified water is selected from the group consisting of ionization-treated water, ultraviolet radiation-treated, electrolytic dissociation- treated water, and any combination thereof.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined high pressure is in a range between 80 and 300 atmospheres.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined time period is in a range between 1 second and 60 minutes.

7. The device according to claim 1 , wherein oxygen source via oxygen inlet is normally closed, avoiding a connection with the compression tank; and is normally connected with a circulation loop where the fluid flows.

8. A method of oxygenating a liquid comprising steps of: a. providing a device for oxygenating a liquid comprising a high-pressure vessel configured for accommodating said liquid to be enriched with oxygen; said high- pressure vessel having an inlet gate valve configured for feeding said liquid into said high-pressure vessel, a drain gate valve configured for discharging said liquid from said high-pressure vessel, an oxygen valve configured for feeding oxygen at predetermined high pressure from an oxygen source into said high-pressure vessel filled with said liquid and a relieve valve configured for venting oxygen from said high-pressure in atmosphere; said inlet gate valve is normally closed and openable during filing said high-pressure vessel with said liquid; said drain gate valve being normally closed and openable during discharging said liquid from said high-pressure vessel; and said oxygen valve being normally closed and openable during feeding oxygen into said high-pressure vessel and relief valve being normally closed and openable during venting oxygen from said high-pressure vessel after holding said liquid in said high-pressure vessel at said high pressure during a predetermined time period; b. opening said inlet gate valve, filling said high-pressure vessel with said liquid to be oxygenated, and closing said inlet gate valve thereafter; c. opening said oxygen valve and feeding oxygen at high pressure from an oxygen source into said high-pressure vessel up to said predetermined high pressure, and closing thereafter; d. holding said liquid at said predetermined high pressure for a predetermined time period; e. opening said relieve valve and venting oxygen from said high-pressure into atmosphere; and f. discharging the liquid from said high-pressure vessel via said drain gate valve.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said liquid is desalinated water.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein said predetermined high pressure is in a range between 80 and 300 atmospheres.

11. The method according to claim 8 wherein said predetermined time period is in a range between 1 second and 60 minutes.

12. The method according to claim 8, wherein said liquid is selected from the group consisting of a perfluorocarbon-based solution, desalinated water, a lipid-based emulsion, an ionic liquid, a saline solution, an electrolyte solution, a protein solution, a peptide-based solution, an oxygen solubility enhancer containing solution, and any combination thereof.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein said solutions are prepared on purified water selected from the group consisting of reverse-osmosis-purified water, deionized water, distilled water, and any combination thereof.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein said purified water is selected from the group consisting of ionization-treated water, ultraviolet radiation-treated, electrolytic dissociation- treated water, and any combination thereof.

15. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method comprising steps of normally closing oxygen source via oxygen inlet, hence avoiding a connection with the compression tank; and is normally connecting the same with a circulation loop where the fluid flows.

16. A system for extracorporeally oxygenating blood; said system comprising: a. a high-pressure vessel fillable with a liquid to be oxygenated; said high-pressure vessel being in fluid communication with a source of pressurized oxygen; said high-pressure vessel is configured for oxygenating said liquid by holding said liquid under a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period; said high-pressure vessel configured for dispensing an oxygenated liquid after said holding under said predetermined oxygen pressure; b. a filter chamber having at least one first and at least one second flow-through compartments divided by a hemofilter therebetween; at least one first and at least one second flow-through compartments having inlet and outlet ends each; c. a first pump feeding said oxygenated liquid from said high-pressure vessel into said first compartment; and d. a second pump feeding blood to be oxygenated into said second compartment; said oxygenated liquid, when dispensed from a high-pressure vessel, is fed into said inlet end of said first compartment and discharged via said outlet end of said first compartment; blood to be oxygenated is fed into said inlet end of said second compartment, and, when oxygenated outflows from said outlet end of said second compartment.

17. The system according to claim 16, wherein said liquid is selected from the group consisting of a sodium chloride (saline) solution of different concentrations, lactated Ringer’s solution, a protein solution, a potassium chloride solution, a sodium bicarbonate solution, dextrose- saline solution, and any combination thereof.

18. The system according to claim 16, wherein said predetermined high pressure is in a range between 80 and 300 atmospheres.

19. The system according to claim 16, wherein said predetermined time period is in a range between 1 second and 60 minutes.

20. The system according to claim 16, wherein directions of flows of said blood and said oxygenated liquid within said first and second compartments, respectively are opposite.

21. The device according to claim 16, wherein said liquid is selected from the group consisting of a perfluorocarbon-based solution, a lipid-based emulsion, an ionic liquid, desalinated water, a saline solution, an electrolyte solution, a protein solution, a peptide-based solution, an oxygen solubility enhancer containing solution, and any combination thereof.

22. The device according to claim 17, wherein said solutions are prepared on purified water selected from the group consisting of reverse-osmosis-purified water, deionized water, distilled water, and any combination thereof.

23. The device according to claim 22, wherein said purified water is selected from the group consisting of ionization-treated water, ultraviolet radiation-treated, electrolytic dissociation- treated water, and any combination thereof.

24. The device according to claim 16, wherein said hemofilter is at least one member of a group consisting of a micro- or nanoporous membrane, an ion-permeable membrane, a catalytic oxygenation membrane, an electrically charged membrane, and any combination thereof.

25. The device according to claim 16, comprising sensors configured for measuring concentrations of dissolved oxygen upstream and downstream relative to said hemofilter.

26. The device according to claim 17, wherein said hemofilter is configured for decreasing CO2 concentration within a patient’s bloodstream.

27. The device according to claim 16, wherein oxygen tank via oxygen inlet is normally closed, avoiding a connection with the compression tank; and is normally connected with a circulation loop where the fluid flows.

28. A method of extracorporeally oxygenating blood; said method comprising steps of:a. providing a system for extracorporeally oxygenating blood; said system comprising: i. a high-pressure vessel fillable with a liquid to be oxygenated; said high-pressure vessel being in fluid communication with a source of pressurized oxygen; said high-pressure vessel is configured for oxygenating said liquid by holding said liquid under a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period; said high-pressure vessel configured for dispensing an oxygenated liquid after said holding under said predetermined oxygen pressure; and ii. a filter chamber having at least one first and at least one second flow-through compartments divided by at least one osmotic membrane therebetween; at least one first and at least one second flow-through compartments having inlet and outlet ends each; iii. a first pump feeding said oxygenated liquid from said high-pressure vessel into said first compartment; and iv. a second pump feeding blood to be oxygenated into said second compartment; said oxygenated liquid when dispensed from a high-pressure vessel is fed into said inlet end of said first compartment and discharged via said outlet end of said first compartment; blood to be oxygenated is fed into said inlet end of said second compartment, and, when oxygenated outflows from said outlet end of said second compartment; b. filling the high-pressure vessel with a liquid; c. feeding oxygen at a predetermined high pressure into the high-pressure vessel d. holding said liquid under a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period; e. relieving the predetermined high pressure within the high-pressure vessel to atmospheric pressure; f. discharging said oxygenated liquid from said high-pressure vessel; and g. concurrently flowing said oxygenated liquid and blood to be oxygenated via said first and second compartments of a filter chamber, respectively, along said at least one osmotic membrane in opposite directions.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein said liquid is selected from the group consisting of a sodium chloride (saline) solution of different concentrations, lactated Ringer’s solution,a protein solution, a potassium chloride solution, a sodium bicarbonate solution, dextrose- saline solution, any combination thereof and any other solution that can be exposed to high environmental pressure.

30. The method according to claim 28, wherein said predetermined high pressure is in a range between 80 and 300 atmospheres.

31. The method according to claim 28, wherein said predetermined time period is in a range between 1 second and 60 minutes.

32. The method according to claim 28, wherein directions of flows of said blood and said oxygenated liquid within said first and second compartments, respectively are opposite.

33. The method according to claim 28, wherein said liquid is selected from the group consisting of a perfluorocarbon-based solution, a lipid-based emulsion, an ionic liquid, desalinated water, a saline solution, an electrolyte solution, a protein solution, a peptide-based solution, an oxygen solubility enhancer containing solution, and any combination thereof.

34. The method according to claim 29 comprising a step of preparing said solutions on purified water selected from the group consisting of reverse-osmosis-purified water, deionized water, distilled water, and any combination thereof.

35. The method according to claim 34 comprising a step of treating said purified water selected from the group consisting of an ionization treatment, an ultraviolet radiation treatment, an electrolytic dissociation treatment, and any combination thereof.

36. The method according to claim 29, wherein said hemofilter is at least one member of a group consisting of a micro- or nanoporous membrane, an ion-permeable membrane, a catalytic oxygenation membrane, an electrically charged membrane, and any combination thereof.

37. The method according to claim 29 comprising a step of measuring concentrations of dissolved oxygen upstream and downstream relative to said hemofilter.

38. The method according to claim 29 comprising a step of decreasing CO2 concentration within a patient’s bloodstream.

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