Functionalised fluorinated polymer and method for preparing same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a polymer P1 comprising residues of a fluorinated monomer and a segment containing a -PO2X group. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the polymer and its use in a separator or as an electrode binder in electrochemical devices.

Description

[0001]DescriptionTitle: Functionalized fluorinated polymer and method for preparing the sameTechnical field The present invention relates generally to the field of electrical energy storage in rechargeable secondary batteries of the Li-ion type. More specifically, the invention relates to a composition suitable for use as a cathode or anode binder or as a coating for a separator.Technological background of the invention Lithium-ion batteries comprise a cathode which comprises a mixture of a lithiated metal oxide, a conductive filler (generally carbon black) and a polymer binder. This mixture is deposited on a metal foil, generally pre-coated aluminum or not depending on its specific use (LFP, LMPF, NMC or other). The polymer binder ensures the cohesion of the deposited layer and the adhesion of the latter to the metal foil. It is known to use poly(vinylidene fluoride) as a binder for the cathode.Functional polyvinylidene fluoride (VF) materials are materials with interesting properties; the functionality of the polymer can improve performances such as peeling and mechanical strength. The polymer can be functionalized with maleic anhydride or polyacrylic acid. This type of polymer has gained importance in separator coating applications for lithium-ion batteries. The presence of acid functionality is important to promote adhesion between the electrode constituent materials, especially adhesion with the active materials. In addition, the structure and distribution of the acid functionality is another important factor. The acid functionality can be introduced by different means: grafting, introduction of a monomer, an oligomer, or a polymer through chemical reactions.It is known in particular from document US20180072829 that polyacrylic acid can be bonded to the fluoropolymer and improves the adhesion properties of the polymer. There is still a need to provide new functionalized fluoropolymers and new methods for introducing the desired functionalizations within the fluoropolymer. Summary of the inventionAccording to a first aspect, the present invention provides a polymer P1 comprising residues of a fluorinated monomer M1 comprising a C=C double bond and at least one fluorine atom and one or more segments S1 selected from formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If) and (Ig) or a mixture thereof-P(O)(OX)-[CR. 1 R 2 CR 3 ((X 1 ) p -HORN 4 )-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n - (Ia) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 1’ R 2’ CR 3’ (OC(O)R 4’ )-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n - (Ib) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 20 R 21 CR22 C(O)OC(O)CR 23 CR 24 R 25 -(P(O)(OX))r]n- (Ic) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 36 R 37 CR 38 (CN)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n - (If) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 39 R 40 CR 41 (C(O)NR 42 R 43)-(P(O)(OX))r]n- (Ig) whereinR1, R2, R3 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C5alkyl;R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl;R4' is C1-C5 alkyl;n is an integer between 1 and 50000, advantageously between 2 and 40000, preferably between 3 and 30000, more preferably between 4 and 20000, in particular between 5 and 10000, more particularly between 5 and 5000, preferably between 5 and 3000;X is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;X1 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C10 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl groups;with w being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5; R16, R17, R18, R19 are independently of each other and independently for each unit w selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl;R; 4 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of – NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9, and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or moreCO2H functional groups;r is, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;p, independently for each n unit, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C; 10alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.The present invention therefore provides a polymer P1 comprising a block derived from a fluorinated monomer and a block being said segment S1 which is preferably hydrophilic. The segment S1 forms a block linked to one or two blocks comprising the fluorinated monomer M1 as a residue (i.e. as a repeating unit) or optionally the monomer M1' or the monomer M1'' as defined in the present application. The segment S1 has at least one phosphorylated function which makes the link with the block or the residue derived from one of the monomers M1, M1' or M1''. The segment S1 is covalently linked to the residue derived from a desmonomer M1, M1' or M1'' via a covalent bond between the phosphorus atom of at least one phosphorylated function of said segment S1 and one of the carbon atoms of a residue derived from a desmonomer M1, M1' or M1''. Said monomers M1,M1' or M1'' comprising a C=C double bond, one of the carbon atoms of this C=C double bond is linked to the phosphorus atom of a phosphorylated functional group P(O)(OX) of said segment S1. The segment S1 and the phosphorylated function make it possible to improve adhesion and the phosphorylated function can also act as an antioxidant in order to prevent coloring of the polymer. In addition, the segment S1 can also act as a surfactant or dispersant during the implementation of the polymerization process, optionally in combination with other dispersants or surfactants. According to a preferred embodiment, said fluorinated monomer M1 is selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methylvinyl)ether (PMVE),perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X3 in which X3 is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; a monomer of formula F(CF2)n'CH2OCF=CF2 in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the monomer of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the monomer of formula R''OCF=CH2 in which R'' is F(CF2)m' and m' is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutylethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, bromodifluoroethylene, chlorodifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof.According to a preferred embodiment,said fluorinated monomer M1 is vinylidene fluoride and said polymer P1 optionally comprises residues of a monomer M1' selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methylvinyl)ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl)ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl)ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X3 in which X3 is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; a monomer of formula F(CF2)n'CH2OCF=CF2 in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the monomer of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the monomer of formula R''OCF=CH2 in which R'' is F(CF2)m' and m' is 1, 2,3 or 4; perfluorobutylethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, bromodifluoroethylene, chlorodifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof.According to a preferred embodiment, said polymer P1 comprises residues of a monomer M1'' of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) or a mixture thereofR, 6 R 7 C=C(R 8 )((X 2 )p'-C(O)R 10 ) (II) R 11 R 12 C=C(R 13 )(OC(O)R 14 ) (III) R 36’ R 37’ C=CR 38’ (CN) (VII) R 39’ R 40’ C=CR 41’ (C(O)NR 42’ R 43’ ) (VIII) in which R 6 , R 7 and R 8are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H and C1-C5 alkyl;R10 is selected from the group consisting of –NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and –OR5' with R5' selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9', -OC(O)R9', and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9' is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;X2 is selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16')(R17')C(R18')(R19')-]w1- and a C1-C10 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more -OH, -CO2H or ester group(s); with w1 being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5;R16', R17', R18', R19' are independently of each other, independently for each unit w1, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl;p' is 0 or 1; R; 11 , R 12 and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyle ; R14 is C1-C5 alkyl;R20', R21', R22', R23', R24', R25', R26', R27', R28', R29', R30', R31', R32', R33', R34', R35', R36', R37', R38', R39', R40' and R41' are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42' and R43' are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10 alkyloptionally substituted with one or more groups –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9', -OC(O)R 9’.According to a preferred embodiment, said one or more segment(s) S1 is selected from formulas (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If) and (Ig) as defined above or a mixture thereof; whereinR1, R2, R3 are independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C3 alkyl;R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;R4' is C1-C3 alkyl;n is an integer between 1 and 5000, advantageously between 2 and 4000, preferably between 3 and 3000, more preferably between 4 and 2000, in particular between 5 and 1000, more particularly between 5 and 500;R 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, CO2H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9 and a five or six membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;r is, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;X 1 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C5 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl groups; with w being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5; R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R19 are independently of each other,independently for each unit w selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;p, independently for each unit n, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are,independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C 10alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s)–OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.According to a preferred embodiment, said one or more segment(s) S1 is selected from formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If) and (Ig) as defined above or a mixture thereof; whereinR1, R2, R3 are independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C3alkyl;R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;R4' is C1-C3 alkyl;n is an integer between 2 and 500, advantageously between 3 and 400, preferably between 4 and 300, more preferably between 5 and 200, in particular between 25 and 100, more particularly between 5 and 50;R 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C 10 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9 and a five or six membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;r is, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;X 1is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C3 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl groups; with w being an integer from 1 to 10; R16, R17, R18, R19 are H;p, independently for each n unit, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are, independently of each other and independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10alkyl optionally substituted by one or more groups–OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit polymère P1 comprend un ou plusieurs segment(s) S1sélectionné(s) parmi le groupe consistant en :-P(O)(OX)-[CH(CO2H)CH(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)). r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2OH)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH(OH)CH3)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH(CH3)CH2(OH))-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2-O-C(O)-CH2CH2CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2-O-C(O)-C6H4CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2CH(CO2H)CH2CH2CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH(CH3)2)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2C4H9)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2C5H11)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH(CH3)2)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2C4H9)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2C5H 11 )-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH(CH3)CH(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH2CO2H)(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH((CO2CH2CH2)WCO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CN)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(C(O)NH2)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH2CH2OPO3 2- )-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(NHC(CH3)2CH2SO3H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2C(O)OC(CH3)=CH2)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(C(O)NHCH2OH)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-,or a mixture thereof;wherein r is, independently for each unit n, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;n is an integer between 2 and 500, advantageously between 3 and 400, preferably between 4 and 300, more preferably between 5 and 200, in particular between 5 and 100, more particularly between 5 and 50.According to a preferred embodiment, said one or more segments S1 is covalently linked to at least one residue of said fluorinated monomer M1 or M1' if present or M1'' if present via a functional group -P(O)(OX) of said segment S1; X is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li.According to another aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing said polymer P1 according to the present invention, characterized in that it comprises, in a reactor, a step of polymerization in an aqueous medium of said fluorinated monomer M1 as defined in the present application in the presence of a compound S1' comprising one or more segment(s) S1 according to the present invention. According to a preferred embodiment, said compound S1' is obtained by reaction between an aqueous solution comprising hypophosphorous acid or a hypophosphite salt [H2P(O)(O-)]. x M y+and one or more monomer(s) M1'' of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) as defined in the present application, or a mixture thereof; M is H, an alkali or alkaline earth metal; and x and y are 1 if M is H or an alkali metal or x and y are 2 if M is an alkaline earth metal.According to a preferred embodiment, said fluorinated monomer M1 is vinylidene fluoride andoptionally the polymerization step is carried out in the presence of a monomer M1' as defined in the present application; or of a monomer M1'' as defined in the present application.According to another aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising said polymer P1 according to the present invention and a fluoropolymer P2 or a hydrophilic polymer P3 or a mixture of both polymers P2 and P3;said fluoropolymer P2 being selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride homopolymer or copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with a monomer M2 selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X. 3 in which X 3is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; a monomer of formula F(CF2)n'CH2OCF=CF2 in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the monomer of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the monomer of formula R''OCF=CH2 in which R'' is F(CF2)m' and m' is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutylethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, bromodifluoroethylene, chlorodifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof;said hydrophilic polymer P3 comprising residues of a monomer M3 of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) as defined in the present application. Said polymers P2 and P3 are different from said polymer P1 according to the present invention.Said polymers P2 and P3 do not contain segment(s) S1.According to another aspect, the present invention provides a separator for an electrochemical device selected from the group: Li-ion, capacitor, electric double layer capacitor, and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for fuel cell, said separator comprising a porous support and said polymerP1 according to the present invention or said composition according to the present invention.According to another aspect, the present invention provides a Li-ion secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode and a separator, wherein said separator is according to the present invention.According to another aspect, the present invention provides a binder for a Li-ion battery comprising said polymerP1 according to the present invention or said composition according to the present invention.According to another aspect, the present invention provides an electrode for a lithium-ion battery comprising a metal collector at least one face of which is covered with a substrate layer containing an active substance and a binder, characterized in that said binder is according to the present invention. According to another aspect, the present invention provides a Li-ion secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode and a separator, wherein the anode or the cathode is an electrode according to the present invention. Detailed description of the inventionAccording to a first aspect of the present invention, a polymer P1 comprising residues of a fluorinated monomer M1 is provided. Said fluorinated monomer M1 comprises a C=C double bond and at least one fluorine atom. The term residue refers to a constituent unit of the polymer or a monomeric unit derived from the monomer in question.Polymer P1Fluorinated monomer M1According to one embodiment, said fluorinated monomer M1 is selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers, perfluoro(1,3-dioxole), perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole), the monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X. 3 in which X 3 is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H, the monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F, the monomer of formula F(CF2)n'CH2OCF=CF2 in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, the monomer of formula R1CH2OCF=CF2 in which R 1 is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4, the monomer of formula R 2OCF=CH2in which R2 is F(CF2)m' and m' is 1, 2, 3 or 4, perfluorobutyl ethylene, trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, bromodifluoroethylene, chlorodifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene, 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene. Among the trifluoropropenes, mention may be made of 3,3,3-trifluoropropene. Among the tetrafluoropropenes, mention may be made of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. Among the pentafluoropropenes, mention may be made of 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene or 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene. Chlorofluoroethylene can refer to either 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene or 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene. The 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene isomer is preferred. Chlorotrifluoropropene is preferably 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene or 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.Preferably, said fluorinated monomer M1 is selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers, perfluoro(1,3-dioxole), perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole), the monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X. 3 in which X 3 is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H, the monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F, the monomer of formula F(CF2)n'CH2OCF=CF2 in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, the monomer of formula R1CH2OCF=CF2 in which R 1 is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4, the monomer of formula R 2OCF=CH2 in which R2 is F(CF2)m' and m' is 1, 2, 3 or 4.More preferably, said fluorinated monomer M1 is selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene.In particular, said fluorinated monomer M1 is vinylidene fluoride.In polymer P1, the mass content of vinylidene fluoride units is at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, more preferably greater than 70% and advantageously greater than 80% based on the total weight of said polymer P1.According to another preferred embodiment, said fluorinated monomer M1 is vinylidene fluoride and said polymer P1 optionally comprises residues of a monomer M1' selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride; trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X. 3 in which X 3is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; a monomer of formula F(CF2)n'CH2OCF=CF2 in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; monomer of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; monomer of formula R''OCF=CH2 in which R'' is F(CF2)m' and m' is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutyl ethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, bromodifluoroethylene, chlorodifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof.Preferably, said polymer P1 comprises residues of said fluorinated monomer M1 being vinylidene fluoride and residues of the monomer M1' selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(methyl vinyl)ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl)ether (PEVE), perfluoro(propyl vinyl)ether (PPVE), perfluoro(1,3-dioxole), perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD), a monomer of formulaCF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X. 3 in which X 3is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; a monomer of formula F(CF2)n'CH2OCF=CF2 in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the monomer of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the monomer of formula R''OCF=CH2 in which R'' is F(CF2)m' and m' is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutylethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, pentafluoropropene, chlorotrifluoropropene or a mixture thereof.In particular, said polymer P1 comprises residues of said fluorinated monomer M1 being vinylidene fluoride and residues of monomer M1' selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, or a mixture thereof.More particularly, said polymer P1 comprises residues of said fluorinated monomer M1 being vinylidene fluoride and residues of the monomer M1' selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, or a mixture thereof. The monomer M1' may be present in a content of 1 to 50%, advantageously of 2 to 30% by weight relative to the weight of said polymer P1. According to one embodiment, the polymer P1 comprises residues of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) (P(VDF-HFP)), having a percentage by weight of hexafluoropropylene monomer units of 2 to 30%, advantageously of 2 to 25%, preferably of 2 to 20%, preferably of 4 to 15% by weight relative to the weight of said polymer P1.According to another embodiment, the polymer P1 comprises residues of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) (P(VDF-HFP)), having a percentage by weight of hexafluoropropylene monomer units of 10 to 40%, advantageously of 15 to 35% by weight relative to the weight of said polymer P1. According to one embodiment, the polymer P1 comprises residues of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). According to one embodiment, the polymer P1 comprises residues of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). According to one embodiment, the polymer P1 comprises residues of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and trifluoroethylene. In this case, the mass content of vinylidene fluoride is at least 10%, the comonomers being present in variable proportions.According to a preferred embodiment, said polymer P1 comprises residues of a monomer M1'' of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) or a mixture thereofR. 6 R 7 C=C(R 8 )((X 2 )p'-C(O)R 10 ) (II) R 11 R 12 C=C(R 13 )(OC(O)R 14 ) (III) R 36’ R 37’ C=CR 38’ (CN) (VII) R 39’ R 40’ C=CR 41’ (C(O)NR 42’ R 43’ ) (VIII) in which R 6 , R 7 and R 8are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H and C1-C5 alkyl;R10 is selected from the group consisting of –NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and –OR5' with R5' selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9', and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9' is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;X2 is selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16')(R17')C(R18')(R19')-]w1- and a C1-C10 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more -OH, -CO2H or ester group(s); with w1 being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5;R16', R17', R18', R19' are independently of each other, independently for each unit w1, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl;p' is 0 or 1;R; 11 , R 12 and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyle ; R14 is C1-C5 alkyl;R20', R21', R22', R23', R24', R25', R26', R27', R28', R29', R30', R31', R32', R33', R34', R35', R36', R37', R38', R39', R40' and R41' are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42' and R43' are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10 alkyloptionally substituted with one or more groups –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R 9’.An ester group(s) as defined in the present application is of formula -OC(O)R15 with R15 being C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted by one or more CO2H functional groups. Preferably, said polymer P1 comprises residues of a monomer M1'' of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) or a mixture thereof in which R 6 , R 7 and R 8are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H and C1-C5 alkyl;R10 is selected from the group consisting of –NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and –OR5' with R5' selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9', -OC(O)R9', and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9' is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;X2 is selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16')(R17')C(R18')(R19')-]w1- and a C1-C5 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more -OH, -CO2H or ester group(s); with w1 being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5 ; R 16’ , R17’ , R 18’ , R 19’ are independently of each other, independently for each unit w1, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;p' is 0 or 1;R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyle ; R14 is C1-C5 alkyl;R20', R21', R22', R23', R24', R25', R26', R27', R28', R29', R30', R31', R32', R33', R34', R35', R36', R37', R38', R39', R40' and R41' are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42' and R43' are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10 alkyloptionally substituted with one or more groups –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9', -OC(O)R 9’In particular, said polymer P1 comprises residues of a monomer M1'' of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) or a mixture thereof in which R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H and C1-C3 alkyl;R10 is selected from the group consisting of –NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and –OR5' with R5' selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C 18alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9', -OC(O)R9', and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9' is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;X2 is selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16')(R17')C(R18')(R19')-]w1- and a C1-C5 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more -OH, -CO2H or ester group(s);with w1 being an integer from 1 to 5;R 16’ , R 17’ , R 18’ , R 19’ are independently of each other, independently for each unit w1, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;p' is 0 or 1;R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3alkyle ; R14 is C1-C3 alkyl;R20', R21', R22', R23', R24', R25', R26', R27', R28', R29', R30', R31', R32', R33', R34', R35', R36', R37', R38', R39', R40' and R41' are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42' and R43' are, independently of each other, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9', -OC(O)R 9’.More particularly, said monomer M1'' may be selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, methacrylic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, n-dodecyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, diacetone acrylamide, lauryl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, amyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate,ureido methacrylate, acrylonitrile, N-methylol acrylamide, acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, methyl acrylic acid, monomers of formula CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH(CH3)CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2-OC(O)-C6H4CO2H),CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2CH(CO2H)CH2CH2CO2H) and mixtures thereof. Segment S1As mentioned above, said polymer P1 also comprises one or more segments S1. Said segment S1 is selected from formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If) and (Ig) or a mixture thereof-P(O)(OX)-[CR, 1 R 2 CR 3 ((X 1 )pC(O)R 4 )-(P(O)(OX))r]n- (Ia) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 1’ R 2’ CR 3’ (OC(O)R 4’)-(P(O)(OX))r]n- (Ib) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 20 R 21 CR 22 C(O)OC(O)CR 23 CR 24 R 25 -(P(O)(OX)) r ] n - (Ic) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 36 R 37 CR 38 (CN)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n - (If) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 39 R 40 CR 41 (C(O)NR 42 R 43)-(P(O)(OX))r]n- (Ig) whereinR1, R2, R3 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C5 alkyl;R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl;R4' is C1-C5 alkyl;n is an integer between 1 and 50000, advantageously between 2 and 40000, preferably between 3 and 30000, more preferably between 4 and 20000, in particular between 5 and 10000, more particularly between 5 and 5000, preferably between 5 and 3000;X is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;X1 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C10 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl groups;with w being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5; R16, R17, R18, R19 are independently of each other and independently for each unit w selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl;R; 4 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of – NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9, and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or moreCO2H functional groups;r is, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;p, independently for each n unit, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C; 10 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s)–OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9. Said heterocycle may be saturated or unsaturated or aromatic. Said heterocycle may be monocyclic or bicyclic. Said heterocycle may be a pyrrole, pyrrolidine, pyridine, piperidine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,4-dihydropyridine, indole, oxindole, isatin, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, imidazoline, pyrazolidine, 2-pyrrolidone, deltalactam, succinimide, 2-imidazolidinone, 4-imidazolidinone ring. Said heterocycle may be substituted by one or more C1-C5 alkyl groups. As mentioned above, the C1-C 18alkyl is optionally substituted by said heterocycle. The latter may be linked to the alkyl chain by the nitrogen atom or any other atom forming the heterocycle. Preferably the heterocycle is 2-pyrrolidone, delta-lactam, succinimide, 2-imidazolidinone, 4-imidazolidinone. Advantageously, n can be an integer between 1 and 5000 or between 1 and 4000 or between 1 and 3000 or between 1 and 2000 or between 1 and 1000 or between 1 and 500 or between 1 and 400 or between 1 and 300 or between 1 and 200 or between 1 and 100 or between 1 and 50. Preferably, n can be an integer between 2 and 50000 or between 2 and 40000 or between 2 and 30000 or between 2 and 20000 or between 2 and 10000 or between 2 and 5000 or between 2 and 4000 or between 2 and 3000 or between 2 and 2000 or between 2 and 1000 or between 2 and 500 or between 2 and 400 or between 2 and 300 or between 2 and 200 or between 2 and 100 or between 2 and 50.More preferably, n can be an integer between 3 and 50000 or between 3 and 40000 or between 3 and 30000 or between 3 and 20000 or between 3 and 10000 or between 3 and 5000 or between 3 and 4000 or between 3 and 3000 or between 3 and 2000 or between 3 and 1000 or between 3 and 500 or between 3 and 400 or between 3 and 300 or between 3 and 200 or between 3 and 100 or between 3 and 50. In particular, n can be an integer between 4 and 50000 or between 4 and 40000 or between 4 and 30000 or between 4 and 20000 or between 4 and 10000 or between 4 and 5000 or between 4 and 4000 or between 4 and 3000 or between 4 and 2000 or between 4 and 1000 or between 4 and 500 or between 4 and 400 or between 4 and 300 or between 4 and 200 or between 4 and 100 or between 4 and 50.More particularly, n may be an integer between 5 and 50000 or between 5 and 40000 or between 5 and 30000 or between 5 and 20000 or between 5 and 10000 or between 5 and 5000 or between 5 and 4000 or between 5 and 3000 or between 5 and 2000 or between 5 and 1000 or between 5 and 500 or between 5 and 400 or between 5 and 300 or between 5 and 200 or between 5 and 100 or between 5 and 50. Advantageously, R1, R2, R3 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C3 alkyl; preferably, R1, R2, R3 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, CH3.Advantageously, R1', R2', R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C3 alkyl; preferably, R1, R2, R3 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, CH3. Advantageously, R. 4’is C1-C3 alkyl. Advantageously, X1 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of–[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C5 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl group(s); preferably, X1 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C3 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl group(s). As mentioned above, w is an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5. Advantageously, R16, R17, R18, R19 are independently of each other and independently for each unit w selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl; preferably, R16, R17, R18, R19 are independently of each other and independently for each unit w selected from the group consisting of H and CH3. Advantageously, R4 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and –OR 5 with R 5 selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9, and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain; R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups. Preferably, R4 is, independently for each n unit, –OR 5 with R 5 selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C 18alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9, and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain; R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups. More preferably, R4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9, and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain; R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups. In particular, R4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5 selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9; R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups. More particularly, R4is, independently for each n unit, –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C8alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9; R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups. Preferably, R 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5 selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9; R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted by one or more CO2H functional groups. Advantageously, R 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5alkyl optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9; R9is selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkyl and C6 aryl substituted by one or more CO2H functional groups. Preferably, R 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5 selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9; R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkyl and C6 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups. Advantageously, R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , R 36 , R 37 , R 38 , R 39 , R 40andR41 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl. Preferably R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and CH3. Advantageously, R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C8alkyl optionally substituted by one or more groups –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9. Preferably, R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) –OH, -CO2H,SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.According to a preferred embodiment, said one or more segment(s) S1 is selected from formulas (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If) and (Ig) as defined above or a mixture thereof; whereinR1, R2, R3 are independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C3 alkyl;R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;R4' is C1-C3 alkyl;n is an integer between 1 and 5000, advantageously between 2 and 4000, preferably between 3 and 3000, more preferably between 4 and 2000, in particular between 5 and 1000, more particularly between 5 and 500; R. 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5 selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C 18alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9 and a five or six membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;r is, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;X 1 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C5 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl groups; with w being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5; R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19are independently of each other,independently for each unit w selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;p, independently for each unit n, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are,independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C 10alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.According to a preferred embodiment, said one or more segment(s) S1 is selected from formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If) and (Ig) as defined above or a mixture thereof; whereinR1, R2, R3 are independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C3 alkyl;R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;R4' is C1-C3 alkyl;n is an integer between 2 and 500, advantageously between 3 and 400, preferably between 4 and 300, more preferably between 5 and 200, in particular between 5 and 100, more particularly between 5 and 50;R 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C 10 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9 and a five or six membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;r is, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;X 1is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C3 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl groups; with w being an integer from 1 to 10; R16, R17, R18, R19 are H;p, independently for each n unit, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are, independently of each other and independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C 10alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.Preferably, said one or more segment(s) S1 is selected from formulas (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If) and (Ig) as defined above or a mixture thereof; whereinR1, R2, R3 are independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C3 alkyl;R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;R4' is C1-C3 alkyl;n is an integer between 2 and 500, advantageously between 3 and 400, preferably between 4 and 300, more preferably between 5 and 200, in particular between 5 and 100, more particularly between 5 and 50;R 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5 selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C 10alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkyl and C6-aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;r is, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;X 1is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C3 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl groups; with w being an integer from 1 to 10; R16, R17, R18, R19 are H;p, independently for each n unit, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are, independently of each other and independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C8 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s)–OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.More preferably, said one or more segment(s) S1 is selected from formulas (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (Ig) and (Ih) as defined above or a mixture thereof; whereinR1, R2, R3 are independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C3 alkyl;R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;R4' is C1-C3 alkyl;n is an integer between 2 and 500, advantageously between 3 and 400, preferably between 4 and 300, more preferably between 5 and 200, in particular between 5 and 100, more particularly between 5 and 50;R. 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkyl and C6-aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;r is, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;X 1is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C3 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl groups; with w being an integer from 1 to 10; R16, R17, R18, R19 are H;p, independently for each n unit, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are, independently of each other and independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C8alkyl optionally substituted by one or more groups–OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.In particular, said one or more segments S1 is selected from formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (Ig) and (Ih) as defined above or a mixture thereof; whereinR1, R2, R3 are independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, CH3;R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R4' is C1-C3 alkyl;n is an integer between 2 and 500, advantageously between 3 and 400, preferably between 4 and 300, more preferably between 5 and 200, in particular between 5 and 100, more particularly between 5 and 50;R. 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkyl and C6-aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;r is, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;X 1is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C3 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl groups; with w being an integer from 1 to 5; R16, R17, R18, R19 are H;p, independently for each n unit, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are, independently of each other and independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more groups–OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.More particularly, said one or more segments S1 is selected from formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (Ig) and (Ih) as defined above or a mixture thereof; whereinR1 and R2 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, H or CO2H; R3 is, independently for each unit n, H or CH3;R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R4' is C1-C3 alkyl;n is an integer between 2 and 500, advantageously between 3 and 400, preferably between 4 and 300, more preferably between 5 and 200, in particular between 5 and 100, more particularly between 5 and 50;R. 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkyl and C6-aryl substituted with one or moreCO2H functional groups;r is, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;X 1is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C3 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl groups; with w being an integer from 1 to 5; R16, R17, R18, R19 are H;p, independently for each n unit, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are H;R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5alkyl optionally substituted by one or more groups –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.According to a preferred embodiment, said one or more segments S1 is selected from the group consisting of: -P(O)(OX)-[CH(CO2H)CH(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ]n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH3)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2OH)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH(OH)CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH(CH3)CH2(OH))-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2-O-C(O)-CH2CH2CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2-O-C(O)-C6H4CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2CH(CO2H)CH2CH2CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH(CH3)2)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2C4H9)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2C5H11)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH(CH3)2)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2C4H9)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2C5H 11 )-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH(CH3)CH(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH2CO2H)(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH((CO2CH2CH2) W CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CN)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(C(O)NH2)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH2CH2OPO3 2- )-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(NHC(CH3)2CH2SO3H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2C(O)OC(CH3)=CH2)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(C(O)NHCH2OH)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, whereinr is, independently for each unit n, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li;n is an integer between 2 and 500, advantageously between 3 and 400, preferably between 4 and 300, more preferably between 5 and 200, in particular between 5 and 100, more particularly between 5 and 50.Said polymer P1 thus comprises residues of said fluorinated monomer M1 and one or more segments S1 as described above. Said fluorinated monomer M1 and said one or more segments S1 preferably form blocks. Said polymer P1 may have a block structure of formula ABA or AB with A being a block comprising residues of said fluorinated monomer M1 and B being formed by a segment S1. Said segment S1 may be covalently linked to at least one of the residues of said fluorinated monomer M1 via a functional group -P(O)(OX) of said segment S1.If said polymer P1 comprises residues M1' and M1'', these are preferably distributed randomly within said polymer P1. Thus, said segment S1 may also be covalently linked to at least one residue of said monomer M1' or M1'' via a functional group -P(O)(OX) thereof with X as defined in the present application. The presence of a covalent bond between said segment S1 and one of the residues M1, M1' or M1'' may be determined by NMR. 19 Mad 31P in a suitable solvent for dissolving the polymer P1, such as for example DMSO d6. Preparation processSaid polymer P1 is prepared by a polymerization process in a reactor between at least one monomer and a compound from which said segment S1 is derived. Thus, said process for preparing said polymer P1 comprises a step of polymerization in an aqueous medium of said fluorinated monomer M1 as defined in the present invention in the presence of a compound S1' comprising one or more segment(s) S1 as defined in the present application. The process for preparing said polymer P1 may be an emulsion or suspension process. The polymerization step may be carried out at a temperature above 40°C, preferably at a temperature of 40°C to 120°C, in particular of 40°C to 90°C.The polymerization step may be carried out at a pressure of from 10 to 120 bara, advantageously at a pressure of from 15 bara to 110 bara, preferably at a pressure of from 20 bara to 100 bara. The process for preparing said polymer P1 is carried out in the presence of an initiator. The initiator may be one or a combination of several of the initiators known in the art to be useful in the dispersion polymerization of halogenated monomers. Suitable non-limiting classes of initiators include persulfate salts, peroxides and redox systems. Examples of persulfate salts are sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate. The amount of persulfate salt added to the reaction mixture based on the total weight of monomer added to the reaction mixture is typically from about 0.005 to about 1.0 wt%.Organic peroxides that are useful include dialkyl peroxides, alkyl hydroperoxides, peroxyesters, and peroxydicarbonates. A suitable example of a dialkyl peroxide is di-tert-butyl peroxide. Examples of suitable peroxy esters include tert-amyl peroxypivalate, tert-butyl peroxypivalate, and succinic acid peroxide. Examples of suitable peroxydicarbonate initiators include di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate and diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, which are typically added to the reaction mixture in an amount based on the total weight of monomer added to the reaction mixture of about 0.05 to about 2.5 wt. %. The initiator may comprise a redox system. By "redox system" is meant a system comprising an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, and possibly a promoter acting as an electron transfer medium.The promoter is a component that, in different oxidation states, is capable of reacting with both the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent, thereby accelerating the overall reaction. Oxidizing agents include, for example, persulfate salts; peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide; hydroperoxides, such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide; and oxidizing metal salts such as, for example, ferric sulfate and potassium permanganate. Examples of reducing agents include sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate; sodium or potassium sulfite, bisulfite, or metabisulfite; ascorbic acid; oxalic acid; and reduced metal salts. Typical promoters include transition metal salts such as ferrous sulfate.In redox systems, the oxidizing agent and reducing agent are typically used in an amount of about 0.01 to about 0.5 weight percent based on the total weight of monomer added to the reaction mixture. The promoter, if used, is typically employed in an amount of about 0.005 to about 0.025 weight percent based on the total weight of monomer added to the reaction mixture. A paraffin antifoulant is optionally used in the polymerization. Any long-chain saturated hydrocarbon wax or oil may be used. The oil or wax is added to the reactor prior to fluoropolymer formation in an amount sufficient to minimize polymer adhesion to the reactor components. This amount is generally proportional to the interior surface area of ​​the reactor and may vary from about 1 to about 40 mg / cm2 of interior surface area of ​​the reactor.If a paraffin wax or hydrocarbon oil is used as an antifoulant, the amount used is generally about 5 mg / cm. 2of the inner surface of the reactor. The polymerization reaction mixture may optionally contain a buffering agent to maintain a controlled pH during the polymerization reaction. The pH is generally controlled in the range of 3 to 8. The buffering agent may be added at the beginning, at various points, or throughout the polymerization. Suitable exemplary buffering agents are phosphate buffers and acetate buffers, which are well known to those skilled in the art. Molecular weight regulators, also known as chain transfer agents, may optionally be used to adjust the molecular weight profile of the product. They may be added in a single portion at the beginning of the reaction, gradually, or continuously throughout the reaction.The amount of molecular weight regulator added to the polymerization reaction is generally from about 0.05 to about 5 wt. %, more generally from about 0.1 to about 2 wt. % based on the total weight of monomer added to the reaction mixture. Oxygenated compounds such as alcohols, carbonates, ketones, esters and ethers can serve as molecular weight regulators. Examples of suitable oxygenated compounds include isopropyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate and diethyl carbonate. Other classes of molecular weight regulators include halogenated compounds such as chlorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons. Particular examples of halogenated molecular weight regulators include 1-fluoroethane, trichlorofluoromethane and 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane.Certain hydrocarbons may be used as molecular weight regulators, such as hydrocarbons that contain from two to five carbon atoms, with ethane and propane as particular examples. The polymerization step of the present process may optionally be carried out in the presence of a surfactant. For example, said surfactant comprises a polyethylene glycol segment and a polypropylene glycol segment. Preferably, said surfactant has an HLB value of 1 to 20, in particular an HLB value of 1 to 5 or 10 to 15. In particular, said surfactant comprising a polyethylene glycol segment and a polypropylene glycol segment, has an HLB value of 1 to 5 and a weight average molecular weight of 2500 to 10000 g.mol-1. Alternatively, said surfactant comprising a polyethylene glycol segment and a polypropylene glycol segment, has an HLB value of 10 to 15 and a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 2500 g.mol-1.The surfactant is preferably used when the polymerization is carried out in emulsion. The polymerization step of the present process may optionally be carried out in the presence of a dispersant. This is preferably used when the polymerization is carried out in suspension. The dispersant may be polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or a compound comprising a cellulose unit such as methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose. The polymerization step a) may also comprise the addition of one or more monomers M1' or M1'' as defined in the present application. The monomers M1' and M1'' may be added before the initiation of the polymerization reaction and / or after it. The monomers M1, M1', M1'' and the compound S1' may be added continuously or discontinuously during the polymerization step. The term continuous encompasses the addition by multiple additions throughout the production process.The term discontinuous encompasses the addition is a single time at the beginning of the process or during the process in a single addition.According to a preferred embodiment, said compound S1' comprises one or more segment(s) S1 as defined in the present application and at least one, preferably two, HP(O)(OX)- group(s) at the end of the chain. Preferably, said compound S1' is obtained by reaction between an aqueous solution comprising a hypophosphite salt [H2P(O)(OX)]xMy+ and one or more monomer(s) M1'' of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) as defined in the present application, or a mixture thereof. In the formula of the hypophosphite salt [H2P(O)(OX)]xMy+ M is H, an alkali or alkaline earth metal; and x and y are 1 if M is H or an alkali metal or x and y are 2 if M is an alkaline earth metal.Preferably, said hypophosphite salt is sodium hypophosphite, lithium hypophosphite, potassium hypophosphite or calcium hypophosphite or may be hypophosphorous acid. In particular, said hypophosphite salt is sodium hypophosphite; preferably in the monohydrate form. Compound S1' may have a molecular weight greater than 500 g / mol, advantageously greater than 1000 g / mol, preferably greater than 1500 g / mol, measured according to the aqueous GPC analysis method described below. Advantageously, compound S1' may have a molecular weight less than 100000 g / mol, advantageously greater than 50000 g / mol, preferably greater than 10000 g / mol, measured according to the aqueous GPC analysis method described below. Said reaction is carried out at a temperature of 50°C to 150°C, advantageously of 75°C to 150°C, preferably of 75°C to 125°C, in particular of 90°C to 110°C. The reaction is also carried out in the presence of an initiator.The choice of the initiator is not limited. It may be a peroxodisulfate salt or a persulfate salt or an organic peroxide. The mass content of initiator is from 0.5% to 10%, preferably from 0.5% to 5% based on the total weight of monomer M1'' used in the reaction. According to a particular embodiment, said polymer P1 preferably has a melting point of less than 175°C, advantageously less than 170°C measured according to the ASTM D3418 standard. Preferably, said polymer P1 has a melting point of 140°C to 175°C, preferably from 150°C to 170°C measured according to the ASTM D3418 standard. According to a particular embodiment, said polymer P1 preferably has a crystallization temperature of 120°C to 150°C, preferably of 125°C to 140°C measured according to standard ASTM D3418. According to a particular embodiment, said polymer P1 has a crystallinity rate of 40% to 50%.The crystallinity rate can be determined by comparing the reference enthalpy (104.7 J / g) with the enthalpy measured for fusion during two heatings (according to ASTM D3418). As mentioned above, said composition may comprise, in addition to the polymer P1, a fluoropolymer P2 or a hydrophilic polymer P3 as described below. When said composition comprises a mixture between said polymer P1 and said fluoropolymer P2, P3 or both, said composition preferably comprises at least 1% by weight of said polymer P1, advantageously at least 5% by weight of said polymer P1, preferably at least 10% by weight of said polymer P1, more preferably at least 20% by weight of said polymer P1, in particular at least 30% by weight of said polymer P1, more particularly at least 40% by weight of said polymer P1, preferably at least 50% by weight of said polymer P1 based on the total weight of said polymers P1, P2 and P3 therein.According to a preferred embodiment, said fluoropolymer P2 comprises residues of a monomer M2 selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride; trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X. 3 in which X 3 is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; a monomer of formula F(CF2) n’CH2OCF=CF2in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the monomer of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the monomer of formula R''OCF=CH2 in which R'' is F(CF2)m' and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutyl ethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof.In one embodiment, the fluoropolymer P2 is a homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride.In another embodiment, the fluoropolymer P2 is a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with at least one vinylidene fluoride-compatible monomer. The vinylidene fluoride-compatible comonomers may be halogenated (fluorinated, chlorinated or brominated) or non-halogenated.Examples of suitable fluorinated comonomers are vinyl fluoride; trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X. 3 in which X 3is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; a monomer of formula F(CF2)n'CH2OCF=CF2 in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the monomer of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the monomer of formula R''OCF=CH2 in which R'' is F(CF2)m' and m' is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutylethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, bromodifluoroethylene, chlorodifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof. The fluorinated comonomer may comprise a chlorine or bromine atom. It may in particular be chosen from bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoropropene.Chlorofluoroethylene may refer to either 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene or 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene. The 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene isomer is preferred. Chlorotrifluoropropene is preferably 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene or 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. The VDF copolymer may also comprise non-halogenated monomers such as ethylene, and / or acrylic or methacrylic comonomers. The fluoropolymer P2 preferably contains at least 50 mol% vinylidene fluoride, advantageously at least 60 mol% vinylidene fluoride, preferably at least 70 mol% vinylidene fluoride. The comonomer may be present in a content of 1 to 50%, advantageously 2 to 30% by weight relative to the weight of said fluoropolymer P2.According to one embodiment, the fluoropolymer P2 is a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) (P(VDF-HFP)), having a percentage by weight of hexafluoropropylene monomer units of 2 to 30%, advantageously of 2 to 25%, preferably of 2 to 20%, preferably of 4 to 15% by weight relative to the weight of said fluoropolymer P2. According to another embodiment, the fluorinated polymer P2 is a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) (P(VDF-HFP)), having a percentage by weight of hexafluoropropylene monomer units of 10 to 40%, advantageously of 15 to 35% by weight relative to the weight of said fluorinated polymer P2. According to one embodiment, the fluorinated polymer P2 is a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). According to one embodiment, the fluorinated polymer P2 is a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE).According to one embodiment, the fluoropolymer P2 is a VDF-TFE-HFP terpolymer. According to one embodiment, the fluoropolymer P2 is a VDF-TrFE-TFE terpolymer (TrFE being trifluoroethylene). In these terpolymers, the mass content of VDF is at least 10%, the comonomers being present in variable proportions. According to one embodiment, the fluoropolymer P2 comprises monomeric units carrying at least one of the following functions: carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid esters, epoxy groups (such as glycidyl), amide, hydroxyl, carbonyl, mercapto, sulfide, oxazoline, phenolic, ester, ether, siloxane, sulfonic, sulfuric, phosphoric, phosphonic.The function is introduced by a chemical reaction which may be grafting, or a copolymerization of the vinylidene fluoride (VDF) monomer with a monomer carrying at least one of said functional groups and a vinyl function capable of copolymerizing with the VDF monomer, according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art. According to one embodiment, the functional group carries a carboxylic function (acid, ester or anhydride) such as for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, acryloyloxypropylsuccinate, acryloyloxyethylsuccinate and hydroxyethylhexyl(meth)acrylate.Thus, said fluoropolymer P2 may comprise residues of a monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate and hydroxyethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, acryloyloxyethylsuccinate and acryloyloxy propylsuccinate. According to one embodiment, the units carrying the carboxylic function further comprise a heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus. Preferably, the content of monomer M2 in said fluoropolymer P2 is from 0.01% to 5% mol. In this embodiment, at least 40% of the units derived from monomer M2' are distributed between two vinylidene fluoride units. According to one embodiment, the functionality is introduced via the transfer agent used during the synthesis process.The transfer agent is a polymer with a molar mass of less than or equal to 20,000 g / mol and carrying functional groups chosen from the groups: carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid esters, epoxy groups (such as glycidyl), amide, hydroxyl, carbonyl, mercapto, sulfide, oxazoline, phenolic, ester, ether, siloxane, sulfonic, sulfuric, phosphoric, phosphonic. An example of a transfer agent of this type is acrylic acid oligomers. The content of functional groups in said fluoropolymer P2 is at least 0.01 mol%, preferably at least 0.1 mol%, and at most 15 mol%, preferably at most 10 mol%. Alternatively, the functional group may be introduced by an oligomeric or polymeric compound comprising said functional group and mixed with the polymer P2. The oligomeric or polymeric compound may be impregnated into or blended with the polymer P2 or intimately mixed therewith.In this case, the functional group may be derived from a (meth)acrylic acid compound selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, hydroxyethylhexyl(meth)acrylate, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate and acryloyloxypropylsuccinate. For example, the functional group may be an oligomer or a polymer comprising monomeric units derived from a monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, hydroxyethylhexyl(meth)acrylate and acryloyloxy propylsuccinate. According to one embodiment, said oligomer or polymer has a weight-average molecular mass less than or equal to 100,000 g / mol, advantageously less than 80,000 g / mol, preferably less than 60,000 g / mol, more preferably less than 40,000 g / mol, in particular less than 20,000 g / mol.The fluoropolymer P2 preferably has a melt viscosity greater than 10 Pa.s, advantageously greater than 50 Pa.s, preferably greater than 100 Pa.s, more preferably greater than 500 Pa.s, in particular greater than 1000 Pa.s, according to the ASTM D-3835 method measured at 232°C and 100 sec-1.According to one embodiment, the fluoropolymer P2 bearing functional groups can crosslink either by self-condensation of its functional groups or by reaction with a catalyst and / or a crosslinking agent, such as melamine resins, epoxy resins and the like, as well as known low molecular weight crosslinking agents such as di- or higher polyisocyanates, polyaziridines, polycarbodiimides, polyoxazolines, dialdehydes such as glyoxal, acetoacetates, malonates, acetals, di- and trifunctional thiols and acrylates, cycloaliphatic epoxy molecules, organosilanes such as epoxysilanes and amino silanes, carbamates, diamines and triamines, inorganic chelating agents such as certain zinc and zirconium salts, titaniums, glycourils and other aminoplasts.In some cases, functional groups from other polymerization ingredients, such as surfactants, initiators, seed particles, may be involved in the crosslinking reaction. When two or more functional groups are involved in the crosslinking process, the complementary reactive group pairs are, for example, hydroxyl-isocyanate, acid-epoxy, amine-epoxy, hydroxyl-melamine, acetoacetate-acid. Acrylate and / or methacrylate monomers not containing functional groups capable of entering into crosslinking reactions after polymerization should preferably represent 70% or more by weight of the total monomer mixture, and more preferably should be greater than 90% by weight.According to one embodiment, the fluoropolymer P2 comprises a crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of isocyanates, diamines, adipic acid, dihydrazides and combinations thereof. According to another embodiment, said composition may comprise a polymer P3. As mentioned above, said hydrophilic polymer P3 comprises residues of a monomer M3 of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) as defined in the present application or a mixture thereof. Said hydrophilic polymer P3 may also comprise a monomer derived from:- (A) an alkenyl compound containing a functional group, and- (B) an alkenyl compound without a functional group.The alkenyl compound (A) containing a functional group includes vinyl ester compounds such as vinyl acetate, vinyl neodecanoate and the like; amide compounds such as N-methylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, N-methylolmethacrylamide, N-alkylacrylamide, N-alkylmethacrylamide, N,N-dialkylacrylamide, N,N-dialkylmethacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide and the like; acrylic acid esters such as N-dialkylaminoethyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, n-dodecyl acrylate, fluoroalkyl acrylate and the like; methacrylic acid esters such as dialkylaminoethyl methacrylate, fluoroalkyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and the like; and alkenyl glycidyl ether compounds such as allyl glycidyl ether and the like.Of these, preferred are N-methylolacrylamide, N-methylolmethacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, and allyl glycidyl ether. These compounds may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. The functional group-free alkenyl compound (B) includes, for example, conjugated dienes such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and the like; divinyl hydrocarbon compounds such as divinyl benzene and the like; and alkenyl cyanides such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and the like. These compounds may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. It is preferable that the functional alkenyl compound (A) is used in an amount of less than 50% by weight relative to the weight of the monomer mixture and that the functional group-free alkenyl compound (B) is used in an amount of less than 30% by weight relative to the weight of the monomer mixture.In some embodiments, polymers P1, P2 and P3 are bio-sourced. The term "bio-sourced" means "derived from biomass". This improves the ecological footprint of the separator. The bio-sourced vinylidene fluoride may be characterized by a renewable carbon content, i.e. carbon of natural origin and originating from a biomaterial or biomass, of at least 1 atomic % as determined by the 14C content according to standard NF EN 16640. The term "renewable carbon" indicates that the carbon is of natural origin and originates from a biomaterial (or biomass), as indicated below.According to certain embodiments, the bio-carbon content may be greater than 5%, preferably greater than 10%, preferably greater than 25%, preferably greater than or equal to 33%, preferably greater than 50%, preferably greater than or equal to 66%, preferably greater than 75%, preferably greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, preferably greater than 99%, advantageously equal to 100%. The polymers P2 and P3 used in the invention may be obtained by known polymerization methods such as emulsion or suspension polymerization. According to one embodiment, they are prepared by an emulsion polymerization process in the absence of a fluorinated surfactant.Said polymers P1 and P2 may be in the form of a latex generally having a solids content of 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 10 to 50%, and having a weight average particle size of less than 1 micrometer, preferably less than 1000 nm, preferably less than 800 nm, and more preferably less than 600 nm. The weight average particle size is generally at least 20 nm, preferably at least 50 nm, and advantageously the average size is in the range of 100 to 400 nm. The polymer particles may form agglomerates having a weight average size of 1 to 30 micrometers, and preferably 2 to 20 micrometers. The agglomerates may break into discrete particles during formulation and application to a substrate. According to a particular embodiment, said composition comprises said polymer P1 and said polymer P2.As mentioned above, in this composition, the mass content of polymer P1 is at least 1%, advantageously at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, more particularly at least 40%, preferably at least 50% based on the total weight of said polymers P1 and P2 in said composition. According to a particular embodiment, said composition comprises said polymer P1 and said polymer P3. As mentioned above, in this composition, the mass content of polymer P1 is at least 1%, advantageously at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, more particularly at least 40%, preferably at least 50% based on the total weight of said polymers P1 and P3 in said composition.When said composition comprises, in addition to polymer P1, said polymer P2, P3 or a mixture of both, the content by weight of polymer P1 is from 1 to 99%, advantageously from 5 to 95%, preferably from 10 to 90% based on the total weight of polymers P1, P2 and P3.UseThe polymer P1 or said composition according to the present application can be used in numerous applications. Thus, they can be used as a binder for an electrode (cathode or anode) or as a coating for a separator.The polymer P1 or said composition according to the present application can be used as a binder for an electrode. Thus, according to another aspect, the present invention provides an electrode composition comprising said polymer P1 or said composition according to the present invention, an active material and optionally a conductive agent. In a preferred embodiment, the electrode composition has the following mass composition: a.50% to 99.95% of active material, preferably 50% to 99%,b. 25% to 0% of conductive agent, preferably 25% to 0.5%,c. 25% to 0.05% of said binder according to the invention, preferably 25% to 0.5%,d. 0% to 5% of at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a plasticizer, an ionic liquid, a dispersing agent for conductive additive, and a flow aid; the sum of all these percentages being 100%. The conductive agents in the electrode are composed of one or more materials that can improve conductivity. Some examples include carbon blacks such as acetylene black, Ketjen black; carbon fibers, such as a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanofiber, a vapor-grown carbon fiber; metal powders such as SUS powder, and aluminum powder.The active materials in the electrode compositions are materials that are capable of storing and releasing lithium ions. In a preferred embodiment, said electrode is a negative electrode. In particular, for a negative electrode, said active material is selected from the group consisting of a lithium alloy, lithium metal, a metal oxide, a carbon material such as graphite or hard carbon, silicon, a silicon alloy, and Li4Ti5O12. The shape of the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited but is preferably particulate. In another preferred embodiment, said electrode is a positive electrode. Preferably, for a positive electrode, said active material is selected from the group consisting of LiCoO2, Li(Ni, Co, AI)O2, Li(1+. x) Neither a Mn b Co c(x represents a real number of 0 or more, a = 0.9, 0.8, 0.6, 0.5, or 1 / 3, b = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, or 1 / 3, c = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 1 / 3), LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LiCoMnO4, Li3NiMn3O3, Li3Fe2(PO4)3, Li3V2(PO4)3, a spinel Li Mn substituted by a different element having a composition represented by Li1+xMn2-x-yMyO4, M represents at least one metal selected from Al, Mg, Co, Fe, Ni, and Zn, x and y independently represent a real number between 0 and 2, lithium titanate LixTiOy where x and y independently represent a real number between 0 and 2, and a lithium metal phosphate having a composition represented by LiMPO4, M representing Fe, Mn, Co, or Ni. The shape of the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited but is preferably particulate. In addition, the surface of each of the materials described above may be coated.The coating material is not particularly limited as long as it has lithium ion conductivity and contains a material capable of being maintained as a coating layer on the surface of the active material. Examples of the coating material include LiNbO3, Li4Ti5O12, and Li3PO4. Said electrode composition can be deposited on at least one face of a current collector to form said electrode. This deposition can be carried out in the presence of an organic solvent, water, a mixture of both or by a solvent-free method, i.e. by a dry coated electrode production method.Said organic solvent may be selected from the group consisting of n-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), triethylphosphite (TEP), acetone, cyclopentanone, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethylketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MiBK), ethyl acetate (EA), butyl acetate (BA), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), gamma-butyrolactone and N-butylpyrrolidone; and mixtures thereof. According to another aspect of the present invention, a Li-ion battery is provided. Preferably, the Li-ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator, at least one electrode being an electrode according to the present invention. According to another aspect of the present invention, said polymer P1 or said composition according to the present invention can be used as a coating in a separator arranged between two electrodes.Said separator according to the present invention comprises a coating comprising, preferably consisting of, said polymer P1 or said composition according to the present invention, optionally arranged on one or both faces of a porous support. In this case, the coating is used to coat the support of a separator, on at least one face, in the form of a monolayer or multilayers. There is no particular limitation in the choice of the support which is coated with the coating of the invention, as long as it is a porous substrate having pores. When it comprises several layers, the coating as described in the present invention is arranged on the external face of the support, that is to say on the face which will first be in contact with the electrolytic composition used in the battery. Advantageously, the application of the coating to the support is done by aqueous or solvent means. The porous substrate may take the form of a membrane or a fibrous fabric.When the porous substrate is fibrous, it may be a nonwoven web forming a porous web, such as a web obtained by direct spinning or melt-blowing (of the "spunbond" or "melt-blown" type) or electro-spinning. Examples of porous substrates useful in the invention as a support include, but are not limited to: polyolefins, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyether sulfone, poly(phenylene oxide), poly(phenylene sulfide), polyethylene naphthalene or mixtures thereof. However, other heat-resistant engineering plastics may be used without particular limitation. Nonwoven materials made of natural and synthetic materials may also be used as the substrate of the separator.The porous substrate generally has a thickness of 1 to 50 µm, and are typically membranes obtained by extrusion and stretching (wet or dry process) or cast nonwovens. The porous substrate preferably has a porosity of between 5% and 95%. The average pore size (diameter) is preferably between 0.001 and 50 µm, more preferably between 0.01 and 10 µm. The support may also be aluminum or aluminum coated with a polymer layer. In addition to said composition, the separator coating may contain inorganic particles that serve to form micropores in the coating (the interstices between inorganic particles). The addition of inorganic particles may also contribute to heat resistance or improve wettability. According to one embodiment, said coating comprises from 50 to 99 percent by weight of inorganic particles, relative to the weight of the coating.These inorganic particles must be electrochemically stable (not subject to oxidation and / or reduction in the range of voltages used). In addition, the powdered inorganic materials preferably have a high ionic conductivity. Low density materials are preferred over higher density materials, since the weight of the produced battery can be reduced. The dielectric constant is preferably equal to or greater than 5. According to one embodiment, said inorganic particles are selected from the group consisting of: BaTiO3,Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, Pb1-xLaxZryO3 (0 <x<1, 0<y<1), PbMg3Nb2 / 3O3, PbTiO3, hafnie (HfO, HfO2), SrTiO3, SnO2, CeO2, MgO,NiO, CaO, ZnO, Y2O3, bohémite (y-AlO(OH)), Al2O3, TiO2, SiC, ZrO2, silicate de bore, BaSO4, nano-argiles, ou leurs mélanges.The separator coating may optionally comprise from 0 to 15% by weight based on the polymer, and preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight of additives, selected from dispersants, thickeners, pH adjusting agents, anti-settling agents, surfactants, wetting agents, fillers, anti-foaming agents and fugitive or non-fugitive adhesion promoters. The fillers mentioned herein in the additives are different from the inorganic particles mentioned above. According to another aspect of the present invention, a Li-ion battery is provided. Preferably, the Li-ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and said separator according to the present invention. Said battery may also contain an electrolyte.Preferably, said electrolyte comprises an alkali metal salt selected from the group consisting of LiCF3SO3, LiPF6, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiB(C2O4)2, LiN(SO2F)2, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F3)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, LiN(SO2F)(SO2CF3), LiN(SO2F)(SO2C2F5), LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2C2F5), LiAsF6, LiBF2C2O4, LiNO3, LiPF3(CF2CF3)3, LiBETI, LiTDI or a mixture thereof.According to another aspect of the present invention, said polymer P1 or said composition can be used in the preparation of a conductive polymer, a solid electrolyte for fuel cells, a hydrophilic coating, a hydrophobic coating or a UV absorbing coating. Said copolymer can be used as an adhesive for a multilayer structure extruded in the form of a film, a sheet or a tube. Said polymer P1 or said composition can also be used as a coating on a metal. Aqueous GPC analysis method for the compound S1' from which the segment S1 is derived.The molecular weight or mass is determined by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). A sample of the polymer solution corresponding to 90 mg of dry matter is introduced into a 10 mL flask. Mobile phase, containing 0.04% dimethylformamide (DMF), is added to a total mass of 10 g. The composition of this mobile phase is as follows: NaHCCU: 0.05 mol / L, NaNCU: 0.1 mol / L, triethanolamine: 0.02 mol / L, NaN3 0.03% by mass. The CES chain consists of a Waters 510 isocratic pump with a flow rate set at 0.8 mL / min, a Waters 717+ autosampler, an oven containing a 6 cm long, 40 mm inner diameter Waters Guard Column Ultrahydrogel precolumn, followed by a 30 cm long, 7.8 mm inner diameter Waters Ultrahydrogel linear column.Detection is ensured by means of a differential refractometer type RI Waters 410. The oven is brought to the temperature of 60°C and the refractometer is brought to the temperature of 45°C. The CES device is calibrated with a series of sodium polyacrylate standards supplied by Polymer Standard Service with a molecular weight at the peak between 1000 g / mol and 1.106 g / mol and a polydispersity index between 1.4 and 1.7. The calibration curve is of the linear type and takes into account the correction obtained thanks to the flow marker: dimethylformamide (DMF). The acquisition and processing of the chromatogram are carried out using the PSS WinGPC Scientific v 4.02 software. The chromatogram obtained is integrated in the zone corresponding to molecular weights greater than 250 g / mol.Example 1 In a 1 liter glass reactor equipped with stirring, a thermometer and a cooling system, a charge of 4.365 g of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate is introduced at room temperature into 357 g of deionized water. 3 charges are prepared to be introduced in parallel for 160. minutes :- In a first beaker, weigh 540.8 g of acrylic acid and 95.44 g of ethyl acrylate.- In a second beaker, weigh 5.297 g of sodium persulfate and dissolve it with 82 g of water.- In a third beaker, introduce 39.28 g of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate and dissolve it in 50 g of deionized water. After 160 min of addition at 97°C of the contents of the three beakers, rinse the pumps and cook the whole thing again for 30 min at 97°C. A clear dispersion of copolymer is obtained with a dry matter concentration of 57%. The aqueous GPC analysis of this polymer gives us an Mw of 2970 g / mol.Example 2 A 250 ml high pressure reactor was placed under nitrogen. It was filled with 30 bars of vinylidene fluoride at room temperature and 5 ml of a solution of a phosphorylated copolymer of acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate (50% by weight in water) according to Example 1. The acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate ratio is 90 / 10.Then, 80 ml of water was added to the reactor and it was heated to 83°C to obtain a pressure of 44 bar. The reaction was initiated by the sequential injection of potassium persulfate (KPS) (0.3 g of KPS in 10 ml of water), an exothermic reaction occurred and the pressure decreased by 2 bar. A solution of a phosphorylated copolymer of acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate according to Example 1 (12.5% ​​by weight in water) was added during the polymerization via sequential additions for a total of 5 mL. When no pressure drop was noticed, the reactor was cooled and opened. The product was isolated as a stable latex with little coagulum. The white polymer powder was then obtained after drying the corresponding latex. The solid content was 21% by weight. The amount of acid is 5.1 mol%, measured by 1H NMR. The product is characterized by 19F and 1H NMR.19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO d6) δ -84.75, -85.14, -92.03, -92.54, -92.97, -94.78, -96.10, -98.45, -99.25, -102.84, -104.35, -107.40. -113.93, -116.20. 1HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 6.62 – 5.88 (m, 1H), 3.34 – 2.60 (m, 44H), 2.25 (t, J = 13.7 Hz, 6H), 1.94 – 1.47 (m, 1H), 1.24 (t, J = 19.3 Hz, 1H). The signals having a chemical shift at -84.75 ppm and -85.14 ppm in NMR of fluorine 19F are characteristic of the existence of a covalent bond between the phosphorylated copolymer of acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate and vinylidene fluoride.Example 3 (comparative)Example 2 is repeated but without adding phosphorylated copolymer of acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate.A PVDF homopolymer having a viscosity in solution close to that of the copolymer of Example 2 is obtained. The stability and adhesion of the polymer prepared in Example 2 and that prepared in Example 3 are evaluated according to the measurement methods described below. From the polymers of Examples 2 and 3 are prepared slurries.Slurry Preparation The slurry is prepared by first mixing 1.5 parts of carbon black in 15 parts of binder solution, the mixture is then stirred using a Thinky for 2 minutes at 2000 rpm. This operation is repeated 4 times. The resulting dispersion is homogeneous and fluid. The resulting dispersion is mixed with 97 parts of NMC 811. The resulting slurry is mixed 4 times for 2 minutes at 2000 rpm using a Thinky. 21.7 parts of NMP are then added. The solids content is 73.9% Electrode Preparation The positive electrodes are prepared using a coating line with 2 ovens of 1 meter each. The oven temperatures are 50 °C for the first and 90 °C for the second. The coating line speed is 0.2 meters / min and the blade gap is set to 180 μm. The resulting electrodes are then calendered to reduce the porosity to 25%.Adhesion testThe adhesion of the active material to the current collector is characterized by a 180° peel test. Two 7.5 cm² samples are cut from the calendered electrode. A double-sided adhesive is stuck on one part of the electrode directly onto the active material. The other side is stuck to a stainless steel plate. The tensile test is carried out between the stainless steel plate and the aluminum sample to peel the aluminum foil off the active material. The peel strength is defined as the force required to peel off a sample per unit length (here the width of 2 cm). Rheological measurements of the slurryThe viscosity of the slurry is determined by a rheometer. The slurry is poured between the rheometer spindles and the gap is set at 300 μm. Flow curves are acquired by monitoring viscosity as a function of shear rate from 0.1 to 100 s-1.The viscoelastic properties are evaluated by measuring G' and G'' as a function of the oscillation deformation between 0.1 and 100% at room temperature. Table 1 below details the results obtained. [Table 1] Acid functionSlurry stabilityAdhesion beforeAdhesion after (mol %) calendering calendering Example 2 (Inv.) 5.2 +40% 80 170Example 3 (Comp.) 0 Gelation - -The amount of acid function is determined by integrating the 1H NMR signal of the CO2H function. As we can see, the polymer according to the invention has better stability and better adhesion compared to a polymer not containing an S1 segment.

Claims

Claims 1. Polymer P1 comprising residues derived from a fluorinated monomer M1 comprising a C=C double bond and at least one fluorine atom and one or more segment(s) S1 selected from formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If) and (Ig) or a mixture thereof-P(O)(OX)-[CR 1 R 2 CR 3 ((X 1 ) p -HORN 4 )-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n - (Ia) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 1’ R 2’ CR 3’ (OC(O)R 4’ )-(P(O)(OX))r]n- (Ib) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 20 R 21 CR 22 C(O)OC(O)CR 23 CR 24 R 25 -(P(O)(OX)) r ] n - (Ic) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 36 R 37 CR 38 (CN)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n - (If) -P(O)(OX)-[CR 39 R 40 CR 41 (C(O)NR 42 R 43)-(P(O)(OX))r]n- (Ig) in which R1, R2, R3 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C5 alkyl; R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl;R4' is C1-C5 alkyl;n is an integer between 1 and 50000, advantageously between 2 and 40000, preferably between 3 and 30000, more preferably between 4 and 20000, in particular between 5 and 10000, more particularly between 5 and 5000, preferentially between 5 and 3000;X is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and L i ;X1 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C10 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl group(s); with w being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5; R16, R17, R18, R19 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit w, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl;R 4 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of – NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -OPO32-, SO3H, -CO2H, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9, and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;r is, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;p, independently for each n unit, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3;R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C; 10 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO3 2- , -C(O)OR 9 , -OC(O)R 9 .

2. Polymer P1 according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said fluorinated monomer M1 is selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride; trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X 3 in which X 3is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; a monomer of formula F(CF2)n'CH2OCF=CF2 in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the monomer of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the monomer of formula R''OCF=CH2 in which R'' is F(CF2)m' and m' is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutyl ethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, bromodifluoroethylene, chlorodifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof.3.Polymer P1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said fluorinated monomer M1 is vinylidene fluoride and said polymer P1 optionally comprises residues of a monomer M1' selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X. 3 in which X 3 is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; a monomer of formula F(CF2)n'CH2OCF=CF2 in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the monomer of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the monomer of formula R''OCF=CH2 in which R'' is F(CF2)m' and m' is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutyl ethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, bromodifluoroethylene, chlorodifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof.

4. Polymer P1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises residues of a monomer M1'' of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) or a mixture thereof: R6R7C=C(R8)((X2)p'-C(O)R10) (II); R 11 R 12 C=C(R 13 )(OC(O)R 14 ) (III); R36'R37'C=CR38'(CN) (VII);R39'R40'C=CR41'(C(O)NR42'R43') (VIII);in which R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H and C1-C5 alkyl;R10 is selected from the group consisting of –NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and –OR5' with R5' selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO3 2- , - C(O)OR9', -OC(O)R9', and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9' is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups;X2 is selected from the group consisting of –[-C(O)OC(R16')(R17')C(R18')(R19')-]w1- and a C1-C hydrocarbon group 10alkyl optionally carrying one or more group(s) - OH, -CO2H or ester(s); with w1 being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5; R 16’ , R 17’ , R 18’ , R 19’ are independently of each other, independently for each w1 unit, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl;p' is 0 or 1;R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of H et C1-C5 alkyle ;R14 is C1-C5 alkyl; R20', R21', R22', R23', R24', R25', R26', R27', R28', R29', R30', R31', R32', R33', R34', R35', R36', R37', R38', R39', R40' and R41' are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3; R42' and R43' are, independently of each other, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO3 2-, -C(O)OR9', -OC(O)R9'.

5. Polymer P1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said one or more segments S1 is selected from formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If) and (Ig) as defined above or a mixture thereof; in whichR1, R2, R3 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C3alkyl; R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;R4' is C1-C3 alkyl;n is an integer between 1 and 5000, advantageously between 2 and 4000, preferably between 3 and 3000, more preferably between 4 and 2000, in particular between 5 and 1000, more particularly between 5 and 500;R 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R 5selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9 and a five or six membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups; rest, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and L i ; X 1 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[- C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C5 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl group(s); with w being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5; R 16 , R 17 , R18 , R 19 are independently of each other, independently for each unit w selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;p, independently for each unit n, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3; R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C 10alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.

6. Polymer P1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said one or more segment(s) S1 is selected from formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If) and (Ig) as defined above or a mixture thereof; in whichR1, R2, R3 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H, C1-C3alkyl; R1', R2' and R3' are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C3 alkyl;R4' is C1-C3 alkyl;n is an integer between 2 and 500, advantageously between 3 and 400, preferably between 4 and 300, more preferably between 5 and 200, in particular between 5 and 100, more particularly between 5 and 50;R 4 is, independently for each unit n, –OR 5 with R5 selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of –OH, CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9 and a five or six membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its ring chain;R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkyl and C6-C12 aryl substituted with one or more CO2H functional groups; rest, independently for each n unit, 0 or 1;X is, independently for each n unit, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and L i ; X 1 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of –[- C(O)OC(R16)(R17)C(R18)(R19)-]w- and a C1-C3 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl group(s); with w being an integer from 1 to 10; R16, R17, R18, R19 sont H ;p, independently for each unit n, is 0 or 1;R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40 and R41 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C5 alkyl, preferably selected from the group consisting of H and CH3; R42 and R43 are, independently of each other and independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C10 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) –OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32-, -C(O)OR9, -OC(O)R9.

7. Polymer P1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises one or more segment(s) S1 selected from the group consisting of: -P(O)(OX)-[CH(CO2H)CH(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2OH)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH(OH)CH3)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH(CH3)CH2(OH))-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2-O-C(O)-CH2CH2CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2-O-C(O)-C6H4CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2CH(CO2H)CH2CH2CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH(CH3)2)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2C4H9)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2C5H 11 )-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH2CH2CH3)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2CH(CH3)2)-(P(O)(OX)) r ]n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2C4H9)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CO2C5H11)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH(CH3)CH(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH2CO2H)(CO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH((CO2CH2CH2)WCO2H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(CN)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(C(O)NH2)-(P(O)(OX)) r ] n -, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH2CH2OPO3 2- )-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(NHC(CH3)2CH2SO3H)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2C(CH3)(CO2C(O)OC(CH3)=CH2)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-, -P(O)(OX)-[CH2CH(C(O)NHCH2OH)-(P(O)(OX))r]n-,or a mixture thereof;wherein rest, independently for each unit n, is 0 or 1;X is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and L i ;n is an integer between 2 and 500, advantageously between 3 and 400, preferably between 4 and 300, more preferably between 5 and 200, in particular between 5 and 100, more particularly between 5 and 50.

8. Polymer P1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said one or more segments S1 is covalently linked to at least one of the residues of said fluorinated monomer M1 or M1' if present or M1'' if present via a functional group -P(O)(OX)- of said segment S1; X is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K and Li.9.Process for the preparation of said polymer P1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, in a reactor, a step of polymerization in an aqueous medium of said fluorinated monomer M1 as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 in the presence of a compound S1' comprising one or more segment(s) S1 as defined in any one of claims 1, 4 to 7.

10. Process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said compound S1' is obtained by reaction between an aqueous solution comprising a hypophosphite salt [H2P(O)(O-)]xM. y+ and one or more monomer(s) M1'' of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) as defined in claim 4, or a mixture thereof; M is H, an alkali or alkaline earth metal; and x and y are 1 if M is H or an alkali metal or x and y are 2 if M is an alkaline earth metal.

11. Process according to any one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that said fluorinated monomer M1 is vinylidene fluoride and optionally the polymerization step is carried out in the presence of a monomer M1' as defined in claim 3; or of a monomer M1'' as defined in claim 4.12.A composition comprising said polymer P1 according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and a fluorinated polymer P2 or a hydrophilic polymer P3 or a mixture of both polymers P2 and P3; said fluorinated polymer P2 being selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride homopolymer or copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with a monomer M2 selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X. 3 in which X 3is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; a monomer of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; a monomer of formula F(CF2)n'CH2OCF=CF2 in which n' is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the monomer of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the monomer of formula R''OCF=CH2 in which R'' is F(CF2)m' and m' is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutyl ethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof;said hydrophilic polymer P3 comprising residues of a monomer M3 of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) as defined in claim 4.13.Separator for electrochemical device selected from the group: Li-ion secondary battery, capacitor, electric double layer capacitor, and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for fuel cell, said separator comprising a porous support and said polymer P1 according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8 or said composition according to claim 12.

14. Li-ion secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode and a separator, wherein said separator is according to the preceding claim.

15. Binder for Li-ion battery comprising said polymer P1 according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8 or said composition according to claim 12.

16. Electrode for a lithium-ion battery comprising a metal collector of which at least one face is covered with a substrate layer containing an active material and a binder, characterized in that said binder is according to the preceding claim.

17. Li-ion secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode and a separator, in which the anode or the cathode is an electrode according to the preceding claim.

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