Laminated glass allowing for internal installation of laser radar, and vehicle comprising laminated glass

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are laminated glass allowing for the internal installation of a laser radar, and a vehicle comprising the laminated glass. The laminated glass comprises an outer glass sheet, a thermoplastic intermediate layer, and an inner glass sheet. At least part of the edge of the outer glass sheet exceeding the inner glass sheet forms a single-layer glass area, and an overlapping part of the outer glass sheet forms a double-layer glass area. The transmittance of the outer glass sheet in an infrared band of 800-2100 nm ranges from 75% to 95%. An infrared anti-reflection film can be further provided in an area covered by an optical path of the laser radar to improve the transmittance of the laser radar in an infrared spectrum of 800-2100 nm.

Description

Laminated glass suitable for built-in laser radar and vehicle containing the same

[0001] Cross-reference information

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the Patent Office of China on November 16, 2023, with application number 202311529868.6 and invention name “A laminated glass suitable for built-in laser radar and a vehicle containing the same”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of glass products, and in particular to a laminated glass suitable for built-in laser radar and a vehicle containing the laminated glass. Background Art

[0004] When the lidar is installed on the windshield, the transmittance of the laminated windshield in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm is attenuated. The existing solution is to add anti-reflection film or use ultra-clear glass on the basis of the thickness combination of ordinary laminated glass (2.1 / 0.76 / 2.1).

[0005] The use of anti-reflection coatings or ultra-clear glass can increase transmittance in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm infrared band to a certain extent. However, for LiDAR, higher transmittance means more point clouds can be captured and more accurate images. Therefore, the industry hopes to further improve the transmittance of windshields for LiDAR in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm infrared band. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass suitable for built-in laser radar, which can achieve the effect of transmittance in different nanometer bands on the same glass window.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle comprising the laminated glass.

[0008] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] In one aspect, the present invention provides a laminated glass suitable for built-in laser radar, the laminated glass comprising an outer glass plate, a thermoplastic interlayer and an inner glass plate;

[0010] The outer glass sheet has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; the inner glass sheet has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other;

[0011] At least part of the edge of the outer glass plate extends beyond the inner glass plate, the extending portion is a single-layer glass area, and the overlapping portion is a double-layer glass area;

[0012] The thermoplastic interlayer is sandwiched between the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet of the double-glazed area and is used to bond the second surface and the third surface;

[0013] The laser radar is installed on the second surface of the outer glass plate of the single-layer glass area;

[0014] The transmittance of the outer glass plate in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm is 75% to 95%.

[0015] The laminated glass of this invention features an offset design between the inner and outer glass panels. The outer glass panel extends beyond the inner panel to form a single-layer glass area. A laser radar is mounted on the inner side of the single-layer glass area (the second surface of the outer glass panel). This single-layer glass area lacks a thermoplastic interlayer, so the laser radar's optical path only needs to pass through the outer glass panel. This provides greater transmittance than conventional double-layer glass. Furthermore, the thermoplastic interlayer prevents absorption of the radar's infrared spectrum in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm band, enabling the laser radar to capture a larger number of point clouds. This offset design also provides space within the vehicle for the laser radar to be integrated into the windshield. For example, if the inner glass panel is 1.1mm thick and the thermoplastic interlayer is 0.76mm thick, the resulting space savings is 1.1 + 0.76 = 1.86mm.

[0016] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, an infrared anti-reflection film is provided on the second surface in the area covered by the laser radar optical path.

[0017] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the infrared anti-reflection film includes at least one laminated structure arranged alternately in the order of high refractive index layer-low refractive index layer, and within the same laminated structure, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer for the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm is greater than the refractive index of the low refractive index layer for the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm.

[0018] The material of the high refractive index layer includes Si, NbO x (Niobium oxide), SiN x (silicon nitride), ZrO x (zirconium oxide), TiO x (Titanium oxide), TiN x (titanium nitride), MoO x (Molybdenum oxide), TaO x (Tantalum oxide), HfO x (Hafnium oxide) at least one of the following. The material of the low refractive index layer includes SiO x (silicon oxide), MgF x (Magnesium fluoride), AlO x (aluminum oxide), WO x(tungsten oxide), YF x (yttrium fluoride), BaF x Under the same conditions, the transmittance of the area of ​​the outer glass plate provided with the infrared anti-reflection film in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm can be increased by at least 3%.

[0019] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, an infrared reflective film is provided on the second surface of the outer glass sheet or the third surface of the inner glass sheet, wherein the infrared reflective film does not cover the area covered by the laser radar optical path. More preferably, the infrared reflective film is located within the double-glazed area.

[0020] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the infrared reflective film has a reflective effect on light in the infrared band of 780nm to 2500nm, and the transmittance of the region of the laminated glass provided with the infrared reflective film in the infrared band of 780nm to 2500nm is less than or equal to 45%.

[0021] The setting of the infrared reflective film can not only effectively block the solar energy from passing through the laminated glass, but also prevent the film layer from reflecting the light in the infrared band of the laser radar.

[0022] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the infrared reflective film includes at least one layer selected from the group consisting of a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, and a metal oxide layer; the material of the metal layer is selected from at least one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), or molybdenum (Mo); the material of the metal alloy layer is selected from at least one of silver alloys, the silver alloy layer contains metallic silver and a first doped metal element, and the first doped metal element is selected from at least one of copper (Cu), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni); the material of the metal oxide layer is selected from at least one of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, tin-zinc oxide, and antimony-doped tin oxide.

[0023] For example, when the infrared reflective film includes a silver layer or a silver alloy layer, the silver layer or the silver alloy layer is located between at least two dielectric layers, and the dielectric layer contains at least one of zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride or titanium metal layer.

[0024] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the double-glazed area of ​​the laminated glass further includes an electrical connection element, which is electrically connected to the infrared reflective film and is used to make the infrared reflective film generate heat when powered, thereby achieving defrosting and defogging functions.

[0025] More preferably, the distance between the outer edge of the electrical connection element and the outer edge of the inner glass plate is in the range of 0 to 30 mm.

[0026] The laminated glass of the present invention can specifically be used as a front windshield for a built-in laser radar. At least a portion of the edge of the outer glass sheet extends beyond the inner glass sheet to form the single-layer glass area. "Extending" means that the outer glass sheet is larger than the inner glass sheet, and the extending portion can be the entire circumference or a portion of the edge. Preferably, at least a portion of one side edge of the outer glass sheet extends beyond the inner glass sheet to form the single-layer glass area. The extending portion can be the entire side edge of the outer glass sheet or a portion of the side edge. When the laminated glass of the present invention is used as a front windshield, the side edge is preferably at the top edge of the glass.

[0027] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, in the single-layer glass area, in the direction from the edge of the outer glass plate to the edge of the inner glass plate: the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate to the edge of the inner glass plate is d, the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate to the outer edge of the area covered by the laser radar optical path is d1, the distance from the outer edge to the inner edge of the laser radar optical path is d2, and the distance from the inner edge of the area covered by the laser radar optical path to the edge of the inner glass plate is d3; preferably, d1 is 10mm~150mm, d2 is 30mm~180mm, d3 is 0~50mm, and d=d1+d2+d3.

[0028] When d3 is 0, the light-transmitting functional area is close to the edge of the inner glass plate; when d3 is not 0, the light-transmitting functional area is not in contact with the edge of the inner glass plate, and more preferably is not in contact with the edge of the inner glass plate.

[0029] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the horizontal saving amount of the laser radar installed in the single-layer glass area is a, a=b / cosθ, wherein b=total thickness of the laminated glass-thickness of the outer glass plate, θ=90°-installation angle of the laminated glass.

[0030] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the area where the optical path of the laser radar intersects with the single-layer glass area is S1. If the laser radar is installed in the double-layer glass area, the area where the optical path of the laser radar intersects with the double-layer glass area is S2, wherein S1<S2.

[0031] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the second surface of the outer glass plate is provided with a first shielding layer, the first shielding layer at least covers the transition portion between the single-layer glass area and the double-layer glass area, and the first shielding layer does not cover the area covered by the laser radar optical path.

[0032] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, a second shielding layer is preferably provided on the third or fourth surface of the inner glass pane. The second shielding layer is generally provided in a circumferential manner, but can be provided in a specific manner depending on actual needs. The shielding layer is used to shield circuits and connectors at the edges of the laminated glass, thereby improving the appearance, protecting components within the vehicle, and enhancing local adhesion.

[0033] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the material of the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer is ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink.

[0034] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the visible light transmittance of the first shielding layer or the second shielding layer is ≤1.5%, and the ultraviolet light transmittance is ≤0.05%.

[0035] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, both the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate are subjected to a high-temperature bending and forming treatment at a temperature of at least 500°C.

[0036] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the outer glass plate is a transparent glass with a transmittance of 75% to 85% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm, or an ultra-white glass with a transmittance of 85% to 95% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm; more preferably, it is an ultra-white glass with a transmittance of 85% to 95% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm.

[0037] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the inner glass plate is selected from transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, and solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%.

[0038] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, the thickness of the outer glass sheet is preferably 3.2 mm to 5.0 mm, and the thickness of the inner glass sheet is preferably 0.5 mm to 1.8 mm. For the outer glass sheet, coating the infrared reflective layer can weaken the glass surface to a certain extent, thereby enabling the laminated glass to meet the relevant requirements for pedestrian impact resistance of front windshields.

[0039] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, the inner glass pane is either strengthened glass or unstrengthened glass. When the inner glass pane is unstrengthened glass, the thickness of the inner glass pane is 1.6 mm to 1.8 mm. When the inner glass pane is strengthened glass that has undergone a special chemical treatment, the thickness of the inner glass pane is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm to 1.3 mm, and even more preferably 1.1 mm. This strengthened glass contains various metal oxides such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, sodium oxide, and magnesium oxide.

[0040] Because the inner glass sheet is thinner, under the same process conditions (tempered, heat-strengthened, etc.), in order to ensure the rigidity of the entire laminated glass assembly, the present invention preferably has an outer glass sheet that is thicker than the inner glass sheet. Preferably, the outer glass sheet has a thickness of 3.2 mm to 5.0 mm, such as 3.2 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, etc.; more preferably, it has a thickness of 3.2 mm to 4.0 mm, such as 3.2 mm, 3.5 mm, or 4.0 mm; and even more preferably, it has a thickness of 3.5 mm.

[0041] Furthermore, to ensure that the stiffness of the entire laminated glass assembly is comparable to that of a single piece of tempered glass, the present invention preferably has the same thickness of the outer glass sheet as that of the single piece of tempered glass. In other words, the stiffness of the laminated glass is preferably comparable to that of a single piece of tempered glass with the same outer glass sheet thickness.

[0042] For example, as shown in FIG5 , the present invention provides a reasonable glass combination so that the laminated glass combination of 3.5 mm outer glass sheet + 1.1 mm inner glass sheet + 0.76 mm middle layer can have the same strength as a single piece of tempered glass with a thickness of 3.5 mm, and is superior to conventional laminated glass combinations of 2.6 mm outer glass sheet + 2.6 mm inner glass sheet + 0.76 mm middle layer and 2.1 mm outer glass sheet + 2.1 mm inner glass sheet + 0.76 mm middle layer.

[0043] In the laminated glass of the present invention, a thermoplastic interlayer is interposed between the outer and inner glass panes of the double-glazed area, serving to bond the second and third surfaces of this portion. This thermoplastic interlayer can be a single layer or two or more layers. The thermoplastic interlayer can also have other functions. For example, the thermoplastic interlayer can comprise at least two layers, one of which has a higher plasticizer content to provide sound insulation, or one of which is wedge-shaped to provide a head-up display (HUD) function.

[0044] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the thickness of the thermoplastic interlayer is 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm, for example, 0.38 mm, 0.51 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.9 mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76 mm, 0.38 mm and 0.76 mm), 1.52 mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76 mm, 0.38 mm and 0.38 mm), etc., more preferably 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm, and even more preferably 0.76 mm.

[0045] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the material of the thermoplastic interlayer is selected from polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), ionotropic polymer film (SGP), etc., and more preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with a visible light transmittance greater than 70%.

[0046] Although thermoplastic interlayers made of different materials have different absorptivity for the infrared spectrum in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm band, the outer and inner glass panels of the present invention adopt a staggered structure, and no thermoplastic interlayer is provided in the single-layer glass area, thereby preventing the thermoplastic interlayer from absorbing the infrared spectrum in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm band.

[0047] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, the thermoplastic interlayer may also be a special material with a rigid function. Preferably, the thermoplastic interlayer is a HiR film or an EVA film with a rigid function.

[0048] HiR diaphragms are 40% to 70% more rigid than conventional diaphragms. The thinner the outer and inner glass panels, the more pronounced the increase in rigidity of the entire glass assembly. High-strength EVA diaphragms contain 5% to 40% vinyl acetate (VA), offering high transparency, excellent flexibility, strong impact resistance, filler compatibility, and heat-sealing properties. These diaphragms are primarily thermosetting, and the cross-linkable resin decomposes at high temperatures through a cross-linking agent (peroxide) to produce free radicals, triggering a series of cross-linking reactions that transform the linear EVA molecules into a network structure. High-strength diaphragms have 3 to 4 times greater adhesion than conventional diaphragms. Under the same conditions, high-strength diaphragms offer superior sound insulation compared to conventional diaphragms. Within the sound frequency range of 1000Hz to 3000Hz, to which the human ear is most sensitive, the sound transmission loss of high-strength diaphragms is significantly higher than that of conventional diaphragms.

[0049] The laminated glass of the present invention utilizes a staggered structural design, with at least part of the outer glass sheet extending beyond the inner glass sheet to form a single-layer glass area. A laser radar (LIDAR) is mounted within this single-layer glass area. This single-layer glass area lacks a thermoplastic interlayer, so the laser radar's optical path only needs to pass through one outer glass sheet. This provides higher transmittance than conventional double-layer glass. This also prevents the thermoplastic interlayer from absorbing the radar's infrared spectrum in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm band, enabling the LIDAR to capture a larger number of point clouds. This staggered structure also provides interior space for the LIDAR to be integrated into the windshield. An infrared anti-reflection coating is applied to the area covered by the LIDAR optical path to further enhance the LIDAR's transmittance in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm infrared band. An infrared reflective coating can also be applied to the double-layer glass area to provide both thermal insulation and prevent reflection of the LIDAR's infrared spectrum in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm band. In addition, the present invention further considers the strength of the laminated glass combination, preferably selects a thickness combination of the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate, and preferably uses a special material with rigidity for the thermoplastic intermediate layer to further improve the rigidity and sound insulation performance.

[0050] Another aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle comprising any of the above-mentioned laminated glass and a laser radar installed on the laminated glass. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] FIG1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated glass suitable for being built into a laser radar in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] FIG2 is a front view of a laminated glass in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] FIG3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of laminated glass suitable for built-in laser radar in another preferred embodiment.

[0054] FIG4 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the installation of the laser radar in the present invention and conventional technology.

[0055] Figure 5 is a scatter plot of the deformation of various laminated glass combinations after impact.

[0056] Figure 6 is a comparison of the bonding performance between modified EVA and standard PVB film.

[0057] Figure 7 is a comparison of the sound transmission loss of laminated glass composed of modified EVA and standard PVB membranes.

[0058] Explanation of the accompanying figures: 1-outer glass plate, 11-first surface, 12-second surface; 2-thermoplastic intermediate layer; 3-inner glass plate, 31-third surface, 32-fourth surface; 41-first shielding layer, 42-second shielding layer; 5-infrared reflective film; 6-infrared anti-reflection film; 7-lidar; 8-top edge busbar position; 9-bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In order to explain the present invention more clearly, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the following specific description is illustrative rather than restrictive and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] The laminated glass of the present invention adopts a staggered structural design of inner and outer glass plates. The outer glass plate extends beyond the inner glass plate to form a single-layer glass area, and a laser radar is installed inside the single-layer glass area. This single-layer glass area does not have a thermoplastic interlayer, and the laser radar's light path only needs to pass through a layer of outer glass plate. Compared with ordinary double-layer glass, it has a higher transmittance. It can also avoid the thermoplastic interlayer's absorption of the radar's 800nm ​​to 2100nm infrared band spectrum, allowing the laser radar to capture more point clouds. This staggered structure also provides in-vehicle space for the laser radar to be built into the windshield. An infrared anti-reflection film is provided in the area covered by the laser radar's light path to further improve the transmittance of the laser radar's 800nm ​​to 2100nm infrared band spectrum. The present invention achieves the effect of achieving transmittance in different nanometer bands on the same glass window through a staggered structural design and the use of different materials.

[0061] The present invention provides a laminated glass suitable for use in a laser radar. As shown in FIG1 , the laminated glass comprises an outer glass plate 1, a thermoplastic interlayer 2, and an inner glass plate 3;

[0062] The outer glass plate 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 opposite to each other; the inner glass plate 3 has a third surface 31 and a fourth surface 32 opposite to each other.

[0063] At least part of the edge of the outer glass plate 1 extends beyond the inner glass plate 3, the extending part is a single-layer glass area, and the overlapping part is a double-layer glass area; the laser radar 7 is installed on the second surface 12 of the outer glass plate 1 in the single-layer glass area; the transmittance of the outer glass plate 1 in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm is 75% to 95%.

[0064] The laminated glass of this invention features an offset design between the inner and outer glass panels. The outer glass panel 1 extends beyond the inner glass panel 3 to form a single-layer glass area. A laser radar is mounted inside this single-layer glass area (on the second surface 12 of the outer glass panel 1). This single-layer glass area lacks a thermoplastic interlayer 2, so the laser radar's optical path only needs to pass through the outer glass panel 1. This provides greater transmittance than conventional double-layer glass. Furthermore, the thermoplastic interlayer 2 prevents absorption of the radar's infrared spectrum in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm band, enabling the laser radar to capture a larger number of point clouds. This offset design also provides space within the vehicle for the laser radar to be integrated into the windshield. For example, if the inner glass panel is 1.1mm thick and the thermoplastic interlayer 2 is 0.76mm thick, the resulting space savings is 1.1 + 0.76 = 1.86mm.

[0065] The laminated glass of the present invention can specifically be used as a front windshield. At least a portion of the edge of the outer glass panel 1 extends beyond the inner glass panel 3 to form the single-layer glass area. "Exceeding" means that the outer glass panel 1 is larger than the inner glass panel 3, and the excess portion can be the entire circumference or a portion of the edge. As shown in Figure 1, at least a portion of one side edge of the outer glass panel 1 extends beyond the inner glass panel 3 to form the single-layer glass area. The excess portion can be the entire side edge of the outer glass panel 1 or a portion of the side edge. When the laminated glass of the present invention is used as a front windshield, the side edge is preferably located at the top edge of the glass, i.e., the top edge of the windshield where the laser radar is mounted.

[0066] As shown in Figure 1, in the area covered by the laser radar optical path, an infrared anti-reflection film 6 can be further provided on the second surface 12 to further improve the transmittance of the laser radar spectrum in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm. Preferably, the transmittance of the area where the outer glass plate 1 is provided with the infrared anti-reflection film 6 in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm is increased by at least 3%. The infrared anti-reflection film 6 at least completely covers the area covered by the laser radar optical path. In some further preferred embodiments, the infrared anti-reflection film 6 completely covers the entire single-piece glass area, but is not located in the double-piece glass area. The infrared anti-reflection film 6 can be formed directly on the glass surface, or it can be provided on a substrate (such as a transparent PET substrate) and attached to the glass surface by bonding. This application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0067] The infrared anti-reflection film 6 includes at least one laminated structure arranged alternately in the order of high refractive index layer-low refractive index layer. In the same laminated structure, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer for the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm is greater than the refractive index of the low refractive index layer for the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm. For example, it includes a first high refractive index layer, a first low refractive index layer, a second high refractive index layer and a second low refractive index layer stacked in sequence. The material of the high refractive index layer includes Si, NbO x(Niobium oxide), SiN x (silicon nitride), ZrO x (zirconium oxide), TiO x (Titanium oxide), TiN x (titanium nitride), MoO x (Molybdenum oxide), TaO x (Tantalum oxide), HfO x (Hafnium oxide) at least one of the following. The material of the low refractive index layer includes SiO x (silicon oxide), MgF x (Magnesium fluoride), AlO x (aluminum oxide), WO x (tungsten oxide), YF x (yttrium fluoride), BaF x Under the same conditions, the infrared anti-reflection film 6 can increase the transmittance of the area of ​​the outer glass plate provided with the infrared anti-reflection film in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm by at least 3%.

[0068] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, an infrared reflective film 5 is provided on the second surface 12 of the outer glass plate 1 or the third surface 31 of the inner glass plate 3 , and the infrared reflective film does not cover the area covered by the laser radar optical path.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, an infrared reflective film 5 is applied to the second surface 12 of the outer glass sheet 1 within the double-glazed area. This effectively blocks solar energy from passing through the laminated glass, providing thermal insulation and preventing the metal film from reflecting light from the laser radar infrared wavelength range of 800nm ​​to 2100nm. The infrared reflective film 5 reflects light in the infrared wavelength range of 780nm to 2500nm. The area of ​​the laminated glass where the infrared reflective film 5 is applied has a transmittance of less than or equal to 45% in the infrared wavelength range of 780nm to 2500nm.

[0070] The infrared reflective film 5 includes at least one of a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, and a metal oxide layer; the metal layer is made of at least one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), or molybdenum (Mo); the metal alloy layer is made of at least one of a silver alloy, the silver alloy layer contains metallic silver and a first doping metal element, the first doping metal element being selected from at least one of copper (Cu), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni); the metal oxide layer is made of at least one of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, tin-zinc oxide, and antimony-doped tin oxide. For example, when the infrared reflective film 5 includes a silver layer or a silver alloy layer, the silver layer or silver alloy layer is located between at least two dielectric layers, the dielectric layers containing at least one of zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, or titanium metal layers.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the double-glazed area of ​​the laminated glass further includes an electrical connection element. This electrical connection element is electrically connected to the infrared reflective film 5 and is used to generate heat when powered, thereby providing a defrosting and defogging function. More preferably, the distance between the outer edge of the electrical connection element and the outer edge of the inner glass panel 3 is in the range of 0 to 30 mm.

[0072] Electrical connection elements can be arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides of the glass, or on the top and bottom sides. For example, the busbars arranged on the top and bottom sides of the glass can be arranged on the second surface 12 of the outer glass sheet 1 or the third surface 31 of the inner glass sheet 3. As shown in Figure 3, when arranged on the second surface 12 of the outer glass sheet 1, the busbars can cover the edge of the infrared reflective film 5 and form an electrical connection with the film 5. The busbars can be concealed by ink. The top busbar position 8 is preferably (10 + d) mm from the top edge of the outer glass sheet 1, and the bottom busbar position is preferably 10 mm from the bottom edge of the outer glass sheet 1. When the busbars are on the third surface 31 of the inner glass sheet 3, the busbar position is such that it covers the edge of the infrared reflective film 5 and forms an electrical connection with the film 5. The busbars can be concealed by ink. The top and bottom busbar positions are preferably 10 mm from the edge of the inner glass sheet.

[0073] As shown in Figures 1 and 2 , in the single-layer glass area, the second surface 12 of the outer glass sheet 1 is provided with a first shielding layer 41. This first shielding layer 41 covers at least the transition between the single-layer glass area and the double-layer glass area, and does not cover the area a covered by the laser radar optical path. This first shielding layer 41 avoids the area covered by the laser radar optical path, thereby ensuring that the laser radar's infrared spectrum in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm band passes through the single-layer outer glass sheet 1 in this area.

[0074] As shown in Figure 2, a second shielding layer 42 is preferably provided on the third surface 31 or the fourth surface 32 of the inner glass sheet 3. The second shielding layer 42 is typically provided in a circumferential manner, but can be modified based on actual needs. The shielding layer is used to shield circuits and connectors at the edges of the laminated glass, improving the appearance, protecting components within the vehicle, and enhancing local adhesion.

[0075] The material of the first shielding layer 41 or the second shielding layer 42 is ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink, and its visible light transmittance is ≤1.5%, and its ultraviolet light transmittance is ≤0.05%.

[0076] In the single-layer glass area, as shown in Figure 1, in the direction from the edge of the outer glass plate 1 to the edge of the inner glass plate 3: the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate 1 to the edge of the inner glass plate 3 is d, the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate 1 to the outer edge of the laser radar optical path is d1, the distance from the outer edge to the inner edge of the area a covered by the laser radar optical path is d2, and the distance from the inner edge of the area a covered by the laser radar optical path to the edge of the inner glass plate 3 is d3; preferably, d1 is 10mm~150mm, d2 is 30mm~180mm, d3 is 0~50mm, and d=d1+d2+d3.

[0077] When d3 is 0, the light-transmitting functional area is close to the edge of the inner glass plate 3; when d3 is not 0, the light-transmitting functional area is not in contact with the edge of the inner glass plate 3, and more preferably, is not in contact.

[0078] In the present invention, the laminated glass is used in a vehicle and is used to mount a laser radar. The horizontal savings from mounting the laser radar in the single-layer glass area are calculated as follows: a = b / cosθ, where b = total thickness of the laminated glass minus outer glass thickness, and θ = 90° minus the angle at which the laminated glass is installed. Furthermore, preferably, the area where the laser radar's optical path intersects the single-layer glass area is S1. If the laser radar is mounted in a double-layer glass area, the area where the laser radar's optical path intersects the double-layer glass area is S2, where S1 < S2.

[0079] As shown in Figure 4, the light-colored area to the right illustrates the installation location of a conventional laser radar 7 (using bracket 9 for fixed installation), while the dark-colored area to the left illustrates the installation location of the laser radar 7 according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 4, when the total thickness of the laminated glass is reduced by b, space a can be saved in the vehicle's interior along the X-axis of the vehicle coordinate system. cosθ = b / a, where a = b / cosθ, where b = total thickness of the laminated glass - thickness of the outer glass sheet, and θ = (90° - glass mounting angle). Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, the laser radar 7 is typically installed parallel to the vehicle's X-axis. Therefore, when the same laser radar (same optical path) is translated along the X-axis due to reduced glass thickness, assuming the intersection area between the laser radar's optical path and the glass at its original position is S2, the intersection area between the optical path and the glass at its new position is S1. It can be seen that S1 < S2, thus reducing the area of ​​the radar window on the glass surface. This reduces the color difference or cost impact caused by special window treatment.

[0080] In the laminated glass of the present invention, both the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3 are subjected to a high-temperature bending and forming treatment at a temperature of at least 500°C.

[0081] The outer glass plate 1 is a transparent glass with a transmittance of 75% to 85% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm, or an ultra-clear glass with a transmittance of 85% to 95% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm; more preferably, it is an ultra-clear glass with a transmittance of 85% to 95% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm.

[0082] The inner glass plate 3 is selected from clear glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, and solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%.

[0083] The thickness of the outer glass plate 1 is 3.2mm to 5.0mm, and the thickness of the inner glass plate 3 is 0.5mm to 1.8mm. For the outer glass plate 1, coating the infrared reflective layer can weaken the glass surface to a certain extent, so that the laminated glass meets the relevant requirements for front windshields in terms of pedestrian collision resistance.

[0084] The inner glass plate 3 is made of tempered glass or non-tempered glass. When the inner glass plate 3 is non-tempered glass, the thickness of the inner glass plate 3 is 1.6 mm to 1.8 mm. When the inner glass plate 3 is tempered glass that has undergone special chemical treatment, the thickness of the inner glass plate 3 is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm to 1.3 mm, and even more preferably 1.1 mm.

[0085] Because the inner glass sheet 3 is thinner, under the same process conditions (tempered, heat-strengthened, etc.), in order to ensure the rigidity of the entire laminated glass assembly, the present invention preferably has an outer glass sheet 1 that is thicker than the inner glass sheet 3. Preferably, the outer glass sheet 1 has a thickness of 3.2 mm to 5.0 mm, such as 3.2 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, etc.; more preferably, it has a thickness of 3.2 mm to 4.0 mm, such as 3.2 mm, 3.5 mm, or 4.0 mm; and even more preferably, it has a thickness of 3.5 mm.

[0086] Furthermore, to ensure the overall strength of the laminated glass combination is comparable to that of a single piece of tempered glass, the present invention preferably provides for the thickness of the outer glass sheet 1 to be consistent with that of the single piece of tempered glass. For example, as shown in FIG5 , the present invention utilizes a reasonable glass combination to achieve a laminated glass combination of a 3.5 mm outer glass sheet 1, a 1.1 mm inner glass sheet 3, and a 0.76 mm interlayer (L = 3.5 + 1.1 + 0.76 in FIG5 ) that is comparable in strength to a single piece of tempered glass with a thickness of 3.5 mm (T = 3.5 in FIG5 ). This is superior to conventional laminated glass combinations of a 2.6 mm outer glass sheet 1, a 2.6 mm inner glass sheet 3, and a 0.76 mm interlayer (L = 2.6 + 2.6 + 0.76 in FIG5 ) and a 2.1 mm outer glass sheet 1, a 2.1 mm inner glass sheet 3, and a 0.76 mm interlayer (L = 2.1 + 2.1 + 0.76 in FIG5 ).

[0087] As shown in Figure 1, a thermoplastic interlayer 2 is sandwiched between the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3 in the double-glazed area to bond the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 of this part. No thermoplastic interlayer 2 is provided in the single-glazed area.

[0088] The thermoplastic interlayer 2 can be a single layer or two or more layers. The thermoplastic interlayer 2 can also have other functions. For example, the thermoplastic interlayer 2 can also include at least two layers, one of which has a higher plasticizer content to provide a sound insulation function, or one of which is wedge-shaped to provide a head-up display (HUD) function.

[0089] The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 is 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm, for example: 0.38 mm, 0.51 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.9 mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76 mm, 0.38 mm and 0.76 mm), 1.52 mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76 mm, 0.38 mm and 0.38 mm), etc., more preferably 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm, and even more preferably 0.76 mm.

[0090] The thermoplastic interlayer 2 is made of a material selected from polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), and ionotropic polymer film (SGP). More preferably, it is polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with a visible light transmittance greater than 70%. Although thermoplastic interlayers 2 made of different materials have different absorptivity in the infrared band of 800 nm to 2100 nm, the outer and inner glass panels 1 and 3 of the present invention are staggered, and the thermoplastic interlayer 2 is not provided in the single-layer glass area. This prevents the thermoplastic interlayer 2 from absorbing the infrared band of 800 nm to 2100 nm.

[0091] The thermoplastic interlayer 2 is preferably made of a special material with rigidity. In some embodiments, the thermoplastic interlayer 2 can also be a modified EVA with high strength and high sound insulation performance. The vinyl acetate (VA) content in the modified EVA is between 5% and 40%. The linear structure of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is cross-linked by a cross-linking agent to form a network structure, thereby obtaining the modified EVA with significantly improved strength, high-temperature creep resistance, water resistance, and sound insulation. As shown in Figure 6, the adhesion of the modified EVA film is 3 to 4 times higher than that of the standard PVB film. As shown in Figure 7, the modified EVA film has better sound insulation performance than the standard PVB film, especially in the sound frequency range of 1600Hz to 3250Hz, which is the most sensitive to the human ear. The laminated glass formed by two 3mm thick glass plates and a 0.8mm thick modified EVA has a sound transmission loss of at least 42dB.

[0092] In Figure 7, FL3 / EVA0.8 / FL3 represents a glass sheet, modified EVA, and a glass sheet stacked in this order, where FL3 represents a 3mm thick glass sheet and EVA0.8 represents a 0.8mm thick modified EVA. FL3 / PVB0.8 / FL3 represents a glass sheet, standard PVB, and a glass sheet stacked in this order, where FL3 represents a 3mm thick glass sheet and PVB0.8 represents a 0.8mm thick standard PVB. FL6 represents a 6mm thick glass sheet.

[0093] The laminated glass of the present invention utilizes a staggered design, with at least part of the outer glass sheet 1 extending beyond the inner glass sheet 3 to form a single-layer glass area. A laser radar is mounted within this single-layer glass area. This single-layer glass area lacks a thermoplastic interlayer 2, so the laser radar's optical path only needs to pass through the outer glass sheet 1. This provides higher transmittance than conventional double-layer glass. This also prevents the thermoplastic interlayer 2 from absorbing the radar's infrared spectrum in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm range, enabling the laser radar to capture a larger number of point clouds. This staggered structure also provides interior space for the laser radar to be integrated into the windshield. An infrared anti-reflection coating 6 is applied to the area covered by the laser radar's optical path to further enhance transmittance within the 800nm ​​to 2100nm infrared band. An infrared reflective coating 5 can also be applied to the double-layer glass area to provide both thermal insulation and prevent reflection of the laser radar's infrared spectrum in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm range. In addition, the present invention further considers the strength of the laminated glass combination, preferably selects a thickness combination of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3, and preferably uses a special material with rigidity for the thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 to further improve the rigidity and sound insulation performance.

[0094] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not limitations on the implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to list all the implementation methods here. All obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laminated glass suitable for built-in laser radar, wherein: The laminated glass comprises an outer glass sheet, a thermoplastic interlayer and an inner glass sheet; The outer glass plate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; the inner glass plate has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other; At least part of the edge of the outer glass plate exceeds the inner glass plate, the exceeding part is a single-layer glass area, and the overlapping part is a double-layer glass area; The thermoplastic interlayer is sandwiched between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate of the double-glazed area and is used to bond the second surface and the third surface; The laser radar is installed on the second surface of the outer glass plate of the single-layer glass area; The transmittance of the outer glass plate in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm is 75% to 95%.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: In the area covered by the laser radar optical path, an infrared anti-reflection film is arranged on the second surface.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 2, wherein: The transmittance of the area of ​​the outer glass plate provided with the infrared anti-reflection film in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm is increased by at least 3%.

4. The laminated glass according to claim 2, wherein: The infrared anti-reflection film includes at least one stacked structure alternately arranged in the order of high refractive index layer-low refractive index layer. In the same stacked structure, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer for the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm is greater than the refractive index of the low refractive index layer for the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm.

5. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: An infrared reflective film is arranged on the second surface of the outer glass plate or the third surface of the inner glass plate, and the infrared reflective film does not cover the area covered by the laser radar optical path.

6. The laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein: The infrared reflective film is located in the double-layer glass area.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein: The infrared reflective film has a reflective effect on light in the infrared band of 780nm to 2500nm, and the transmittance of the region of the laminated glass provided with the infrared reflective film in the infrared band of 780nm to 2500nm is less than or equal to 45%.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein: The infrared reflective film comprises at least one of a metal layer, a metal alloy layer and a metal oxide layer; The material of the metal layer is selected from at least one of gold, silver, copper, aluminum or molybdenum; The material of the metal alloy layer is selected from at least one of silver alloys; The material of the metal oxide layer is selected from at least one of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, tin zinc oxide, and antimony-doped tin oxide.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein: The double-layer glass area of ​​the laminated glass further comprises an electrical connection element, which is electrically connected to the infrared reflective film and is used to make the infrared reflective film generate heat when powered on.

10. The laminated glass according to claim 9, wherein: The distance between the outer edge of the electrical connection element and the outer edge of the inner glass plate is in the range of 0 to 30 mm.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: In the single-layer glass area, in the direction from the edge of the outer glass plate to the edge of the inner glass plate: the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate to the edge of the inner glass plate is d, the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate to the outer edge of the area covered by the laser radar optical path is d1, the distance from the outer edge to the inner edge of the area covered by the laser radar optical path is d2, and the distance from the inner edge of the area covered by the laser radar optical path to the edge of the inner glass plate is d3; wherein d1 is 10 mm to 150 mm, d2 is 30 mm to 180 mm, d3 is 0 to 50 mm, and d=d1+d2+d3.

12. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: The horizontal saving amount of the laser radar installed in the single-layer glass area is a, then a=b / cosθ, where b=total thickness of laminated glass-thickness of outer glass plate, θ=90°-installation angle of laminated glass.

13. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: The area where the optical path of the laser radar intersects with the single-layer glass area is S1. If the laser radar is installed in the double-layer glass area, the area where the optical path of the laser radar intersects with the double-layer glass area is S2, wherein S1<S2.

14. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: A first shielding layer is provided on the second surface of the outer glass plate, and the first shielding layer at least covers the transition portion between the single-layer glass area and the double-layer glass area, and the first shielding layer does not cover the area covered by the laser radar optical path.

15. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: A second shielding layer is disposed on the third surface or the fourth surface of the inner glass plate.

16. The laminated glass according to claim 14 or 15, wherein: The material of the first shielding layer or the second shielding layer is ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink; The visible light transmittance of the first shielding layer or the second shielding layer is ≤1.5%, and the ultraviolet light transmittance is ≤0.05%.

17. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: The outer glass plate is transparent glass with a transmittance of 75% to 85% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm, or ultra-white glass with a transmittance of 85% to 95% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm.

18. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the outer glass plate is 3.2 mm to 5.0 mm, and the thickness of the inner glass plate is 0.5 mm to 1.8 mm.

19. The laminated glass according to claim 14, wherein: The inner glass plate is reinforced glass or non-reinforced glass. When the inner glass plate is non-reinforced glass, the thickness of the inner glass plate is 1.6 mm to 1.8 mm; when the inner glass plate is reinforced glass, the thickness of the inner glass plate is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.

20. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm.

21. A vehicle, comprising the laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 20 and a laser radar installed on the laminated glass.

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