Two-component polyurethane adhesive with hydrophobic prepolymer for moisture resistance
The two-component polyurethane adhesive formulation, featuring a hydrophobic prepolymer and a catalyst-containing polyol component, addresses the moisture sensitivity of traditional polyurethane adhesives, enhancing storage stability and adhesive performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/134618
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-05
AI Technical Summary
Structural 2K polyurethane adhesives are sensitive to moisture, leading to instability and crusting issues during storage and curing, which can cause equipment blockages and abrasion in production lines.
A two-component adhesive formulation with an isocyanate component comprising an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer made from a polyisocyanate and a hydrophobic polyol, and a polyol component including a catalyst, which are not mixed until application, resulting in improved moisture resistance and storage stability.
The adhesive shows excellent moisture-resistance and storage stability, with extended skinning times and maintained adhesive properties, reducing the risk of equipment issues and ensuring consistent production.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2023134618-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2023134618-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2023134618-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
TWO-COMPONENT POLYURETHANE ADHESIVE WITH HYDROPHOBIC PREPOLYMER FOR MOISTURE RESISTANCEBACKGROUND
[0001] With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the battery industry has taken on increased importance. One of the crucial needs in high energy density battery assemblies is structural bonding of the battery pack, increasingly using adhesives. Substrates that need to be bonded in battery packs are diverse and range from, inter alia, poly (ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) , polycarbonate (PC) , e-coated steel, and e-coated aluminium. Suitable structural adhesives should have good adhesion to diverse substrates without the need for prior surface treatment. Additional requirements include, inter alia, moderate elastic modulus, weather resistance, moderate cost and so on. Structural 2 component (2K) polyurethane adhesives, comprising a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component, have become a good choice.
[0002] Compared with epoxy or acrylate structural adhesives, however, structural 2K polyurethane adhesives are particularly sensitive to moisture during storage and in the curing process. If humidity in the adhesive package is not exhausted completely, the isocyanate component will be unstable, resulting in a significant viscosity increase, and the surface will crust easily during storage. In addition, when the adhesive has been applied to the gluing equipment, if the sealing between the adhesive packaging and the pressure plate is not good, or the production line has been shut down for a prolonged period, the isocyanate component will have crusting issues. If crusts are not removed in time, the mixing pipe of the equipment may become blocked, and parts of equipment will be subject to abrasion, which will have a negative impact on a production line. A need in the art exists for improved structural adhesives to address these issues.SUMMARY
[0003] Disclosed is an uncured, two-component adhesive formulation having: (a) an isocyanate component comprising an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer prepared from a polyisocyanate and a hydrophobic polyol; and (b) a polyol component comprising: (i) a polyol; and (ii) a catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an isocyanate group; wherein the uncured adhesive formulation is in the form of a kit in which the isocyanate and polyol components are not mixed.
[0004] Also described is a method for adhering two or more substrates, comprising: mixing the isocyanate and polyol components of the adhesive formulation to produce an adhesive mixture; applying the adhesive mixture to a first substrate; contacting a second substrate with the first substrate; and allowing the adhesive mixture to cure, thereby adhering the two or more substrates together.
[0005] Also described is an adhered assembly comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate; and a cured adhesive mixture at least partially between the first and second substrates, the cured adhesive mixture resulting from mixing the isocyanate and polyol components of the adhesive formulation to produce an adhesive mixture, and allowing the adhesive mixture to cure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0006] The inventors have found that when a two-part polyurethane adhesive comprises an isocyanate component comprising a prepolymer resulting from the reaction of a polyisocyanate and a hydrophobic polyol, the isocyanate component shows excellent moisture-resistance and storage stability, and results, on reaction with a polyol component, in an adhesive showing good adhesive properties.
[0007] I. Adhesive Formulation
[0008] A. Isocyanate Component
[0009] The isocyanate component comprises a prepolymer made by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one hydrophobic polyol to produce an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer.
[0010] i. Polyisocyanate
[0011] The polyisocyanate is not particularly limited. It may be apliphatic or aromatic. Examples of suitable aliphatic polyisocyanates include hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) , isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) , methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1, 5-pentamethylene diisocyanate, and mixtures of these.
[0012] Examples of suitable aromatic polyisocyanates include methylene-bis- (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) , polymethylene polyphenylisocyanates, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, any of which can be modified to include biuret, allophonate, urea, carbamate, isocyanurate or carbodiimide groups. MDI includes 2, 2’-, 2, 4’-and 4, 4’-MDI. In one embodiment, the polyisocyanate comprises or consists of MDI. In a further embodiment, the polyisocyanate comprises or consists of polymeric MDI. For example, in a specific embodiment, the polyisocyanate comprises or consists of a polymeric MDI having an average functionality of 2.7. In a further specific embodiment, the polyisocyanate comprises or consists of MDI having an average functionality of 2. In still a further embodiment, the polyisocyanate comprises or consists of a mixture of 2, 4’-and 4, 4’-MDI having an average functionality of 2, and a molecular weight (Mn) of 250 Da. “Mn” is understood to mean the number average molecular weight.
[0013] Equivalent and molecular weights are measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with a Malvern Viscothek GPC max equipment. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as an eluent, PL GEL MIXED D (Agilent , 300 X 7.5 mm, 5 μm ) was used as a column, and MALVERN Viscothek TDA (integrated refractive index viscometer and light scattering) was used as a detector.
[0014] ii. Hydrophobic Polyol
[0015] In general, the hydrophobic polyol is a polyol that forms a distinct phase when mixed with water. For example, when the hydrophobic polyol is mixed with water at a 1:1 ratio, a distinct phase can form. In some embodiments, hydrophobicity of the polyol can be defined by the water contact angle, i.e., the geometry of water on a flat film of the polyol, specifically the angle between a droplet’s edge and the polyol surface underneath it. If the droplet forms a sphere that barely touches the surface of polyol being tested, the contact angle is more than 90°. Thus, in some embodiments, the hydrophobic polyol has a water contact angle of greater than 90°, e.g., 100° or greater, 105° or greater, or 110° or greater.
[0016] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic polyol constitutes at least 75 wt%of the total polyol content of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, for example, at least 80 wt%, at least 90 wt%, and in some cases 100 wt%.
[0017] In one embodiment, the hydrophobic polyol is a cashew nut shell oil polyol, a polyester polyol, a polybutadiene polyol, a polyether / polyester polyol, or any combination thereof. In a some embodiments, the hydrophobic polyol is a branched polyether / polyester polyol, a cashew nut shell oil polyol with an average functionality of 3.3, a polyester polyol of Mn 1,000 Da, a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene with an Mn of 2,800 Da and a functionality of 2.3, a hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol, for example a hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol made from adipic acid, 1, 6-hexane diol and 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diol, or any combination thereof.
[0018] The isocyanate-terminated prepolymer can be made by reacting the at least one polyisocyanate with the at least one hydrophobic polyol. The reaction can be carried out at elevated temperature under vacuum or an inert atmosphere (e.g. nitrogen, argon) . For example, the at least one polyisocyanate can be reacted with the at least one hydrophobic polyol at 100-130℃, e.g., at or about 120℃. The prepolymer can be prepared using a stoichiometric excess of isocyanate groups, resulting in an NCO-terminated prepolymer. The prepolymer may be isolated after reaction, or it may be used as-is to formulate the isocyanate component of the adhesive.
[0019] Exemplary prepolymers result from the reaction of the following pairs of polyisocyanates and polyols:
[0020] The amount of polyisocyanate used to make the prepolymer can range from 60-85 wt%, e.g., 65-80 wt%, or 70-78 wt%, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer. The amount of hydrophobic polyol used to make the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer can range from 15-40 wt%, e.g., 20-35 wt%, or 22-30 wt%, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0021] In one embodiment, the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 60-85 wt%MDI, e.g., 65-80 wt%MDI, or 70-78 wt%MDI, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0022] In a further embodiment, the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%castor oil, e.g., 20-35 wt%castor oil, or 22-30 wt%castor oil, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer. In another embodiment, the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%polyether / polyester polyol, e.g., 20-35 wt%polyether / polyester polyol, or 22-30 wt%polyether / polyester polyol, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0023] In one embodiment, the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%cashew nut shell oil polyol, e.g., 20-35 wt%cashew nut shell oil polyol, or 22-30 wt%cashew nut shell oil polyol, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0024] In a further embodiment, the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%polyester polyol, e.g., 20-35 wt%polyester polyol, or 22-30 wt%polyester polyol, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0025] In another embodiment, the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%polybutadiene polyol, e.g., 20-35 wt%polybutadiene polyol, or 22-30 wt%polybutadiene polyol, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0026] In one embodiment, the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%cashew nut shell oil polyol with average functionality of approximately 3.3, e.g., 20-35 wt%cashew nut shell oil polyol with average functionality of approximately 3.3, or 22-30 wt%cashew nut shell oil polyol with average functionality of approximately 3.3, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0027] In a further embodiment, the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol of MWT 1,000 Da, e.g., 20-35 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol of MWT 1,000 Da, or 22-30 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol of MWT 1,000 Da, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0028] In another embodiment, the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene of MWT 2,800 Da, and functionality of 2.3, e.g., 20-35 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene of MWT 2,800 Da, and functionality of 2.3, or 22-30 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene of MWT 2,800 Da, and functionality of 2.3, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0029] In a further embodiment, the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol made from adipic acid, 1, 6-hexanediol and 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol or average molecular weight 830 Da, and functionality of 2, e.g., 20-35 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol made from adipic acid, 1, 6-hexanediol and 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol or average molecular weight 830 Da, and functionality of 2, or 22-30 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol made from adipic acid, 1, 6-hexanediol and 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol or average molecular weight 830 Da, and functionality of 2, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0030] B. Polyol Component
[0031] The polyol component comprises at least one polyol, and at least one catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an isocyanate group.
[0032] i. Polyol
[0033] The at least one polyol used in the polyol component is not particularly limited. In one embodiment, the at least one polyol comprises or consists of a polyether polyol, e.g., a poly (C2-4-alkylene oxide) polyol. In another embodiment, the at least one polyol is a poly (propylene oxide) polyol. The polyol can have a functionality of 2.5-3.5, e.g., 3. In one embodiment, the at least one polyol comprises or consists of a polyol having a functionality of 2.5-3.5, e.g., 3, and an Mn of 300-3,000 Da. In one embodiment, the at least one polyol comprises or consists of a mixture of two or more polyols, e.g., a mixture of two or more polyether polyols.
[0034] In one embodiment, the at least one polyol comprises or consists of a mixture of a first polyether polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 3,000 Da, and a second polyether polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 350 Da. In another embodiment, the at least one polyol comprises or consists of a mixture of a first poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 3,000 Da, and a second poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 350 Da.
[0035] In one embodiment, the at least one polyol comprises or consists of an approximately 50: 50 (wt: wt) mixture of a first poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 3,000 Da, and a second poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 350 Da. The at least one polyol can be used at 40-80 wt%, e.g., 50-70 wt%, or 55-65 wt%, based on the total weight of the polyol component.
[0036] In one embodiment, the at least one polyol comprises or consists of 25-35 wt%of a first poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 3,000 Da, and 25-35 wt%of a second poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 350 Da, based on the total weight of the polyol component.
[0037] ii. Catalyst
[0038] The polyol component comprises at least one catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an isocyanate group. Examples of such catalysts include tertiary amine catalysts, organometallic catalysts, such as bismuth catalysts, alkyl tin carboxylates, oxides and tin mercaptides.
[0039] Specific examples of tertiary amine catalysts include N-methyl morpholine, N-methyl imidazole, triethylenediamine, bis- (2-dimethylaminoethyl) -ether, 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethanolamine, 2, 2-dimorpholinyl-diethylether (DMDEE) , N, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl hexahydrotriazine, dimethyltetrahydropyrimidine, tetramethylethylenediamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, 2, 2-N, N benzyldimethylamine, dimethylethanol amine, dimethylaminopropyl amine, Penta-dimethyl diethylene triamine, N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-1, 6-hexanediamine, N, N', N'-trimethylaminoethylpiperazine, 1, 1'- [ [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] imino] bispropan-2-ol, 1, 3, 5-tris [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] hexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine, N-N-dimethyldipropylene triamine, N, N, N'-trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, with DMDEE being particularly preferred.
[0040] If an organometallic catalyst is used, it is any organometallic catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of isocyanate with a functional group having at least one reactive hydrogen. Examples include bismuth catalysts, metal carboxylates such as tin carboxylate and zinc carboxylate. Metal alkanoates include stannous octoate, bismuth octoate or bismuth neodecanoate. Preferably the at least one organometallic catalyst is a bismuth catalyst or an organotin catalyst. Examples include dibutyltin dilaurate, dimethyl tin dineodecanoate, dimethyltin mercaptide, dimethyltin carboxylate, dimethyltin dioleate, dimethyltin dithioglycolate, dibutyltin mercaptide, dibutyltin bis (2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate) , dibutyltin sulfide, dioctyltin dithioglycolate, dioctyltin mercaptide, dioctyltin dioctoate, dioctyltin dineodecanoate, dioctyltin dilaurate. In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is a tin catalyst, or dioctyltin mercaptide.
[0041] The catalyst can be used at 0.005 to 0.0.02 wt%, e.g., 0.01 wt%, based on the total weight of the polyol component. In one specific embodiment, the catalyst is dioctyl tin mercaptide, used at 0.01 to 0.02 wt%, based on the total weight of the polyol component.
[0042] C. Optional ingredients
[0043] Either component of the adhesive formulation may additionally comprise additives that are commonly used in polyurethane adhesives. Examples of optional ingredients include fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, fumed silica, carbon black, zeolites, molecular sieves and mixtures of these.
[0044] In one embodiment, either component or both components comprise calcium carbonate, e.g., at 25-40 wt%, or at 29-38 wt%, based on the total weight of the respective component. In a further embodiment, either component or both components comprise fumed silica, e.g., at 1-4 wt%, or 1.5-3 wt%, based on the total weight of the respective component. In one embodiment, either component or both components comprise calcium carbonate, e.g., at 25-40 wt%, or at 29-38 wt%, based on the total weight of the respective component, and either component or both components comprise fumed silica, e.g., at 1-4 wt%, or 1.5-3 wt%, based on the total weight of the respective component.
[0045] II. Method of Manufacture and Use
[0046] The adhesive compositions can be made by mixing the ingredients of each component separately, for example under inert and dry conditions and / or under vacuum, until a homogenous mixture is obtained. Once each component is mixed, they are stored in separate containers until use.
[0047] In one embodiment, the method of use involves: providing a two-component adhesive comprising: (a) an isocyanate component having a prepolymer made by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one hydrophobic polyol to produce an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer; and (b) a polyol component comprising: at least one polyol; and at least one catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an isocyanate group. The two components can then be mixed to produce an adhesive mixture. The adhesive mixture can be applied to a first substrate, which can then be contacted with a second substrate. The adhesive mixture can be allowed to cure to provide a bonded assembly.
[0048] As mentioned above, one way of providing each component of the adhesive is in airtight containers, such as airtight sealed tubes. The containers can be opened immediately prior to use. Mixing each component or both components together may be by any means that achieves a homogenous mixture. In one embodiment, the mixing ratio of each component is 0.5: 1 to 1: 0.5 (v: v) , e.g., 1: 1.2 to 1.2: 1 (v: v) , or 1: 1 (v: v) . The adhesive mixture may be applied by any application method, manually or with robotic equipment, including, for example, by spreading, application through a nozzle.
[0049] In one embodiment, one or both of the first and second substrates are selected from metal, e.g., Ni-plated steel and / or aluminium. In another embodiment, one or both of the first and second substrates are selected from metal, including e-coated aluminum, e-coated steel, laser treated metal surfaces, metal surfaces treated with plasma or flaming. Plasma pretreatment can comprise plasma processes, which further chemically modify or treat the surface, such as plasma plus. One of these plasma plus treatments include a silane functionalization of the metallic surface. Further substrates include coated metals and metal surfaces modified with functional foils. Coatings epoxy-based coating and acrylic coatings. Foils are predominantly PET based. In general, curing begins as soon as the components are mixed. Typical curing conditions are 3 to 7 days at 23℃.
[0050] The disclosed formulation results in an isocyanate component that shows improved storage stability, as evidenced by longer “skinning times. ” Skinning time is measured by exposing a bead of the isocyanate component to 50%relative humidity at 23℃, and measuring the time until the isocyanate component begins curing and skinning from the outside in.
[0051] The isocyanate component of the adhesive can exhibit a skinning time of 10 hours or greater, e.g., 11 hours or greater, 12 hours or greater, or 15 hours or greater. The improved storage stability in some embodiments does not compromise the adhesive properties of the cured adhesive. The adhesive mixture resulting from a 1: 1 (v: v) mixing ratio of each component, followed by curing for seven days at 23℃and 50%relative humidity shows a lap shear strength measured using DIN EN 1465, with a bonded area of 10 X 25 = 250 mm2, an adhesive layer thickness of 1 mm, and substrates e-coat & e-coat steel; all surfaces are prepared with a solvent clean, and shear samples are pulled at 5 mm / min in the process of testing, of 10 MPa or greater, e.g., 12 MPa or greater, or 13 MPa or greater.
[0052] III. Exemplary Embodiments
[0053] The following are exemplary embodiments of the adhesive compositions and methods of making and using them:
[0054] (1) A two-component adhesive comprising: an isocyanate component comprising a prepolymer made by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one hydrophobic polyol to produce an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer; and a polyol component comprising: at least one polyol; and at least one catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an isocyanate group. The adhesive formulation can be in the form a kit in which the two components are not mixed prior to use.
[0055] (2) A method for adhering two or more substrates, comprising the steps of: providing a two-component adhesive comprising: an isocyanate component comprising a prepolymer made by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one hydrophobic polyol to produce an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer; a polyol component comprising: at least one polyol; at least one catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an isocyanate group; mixing both components to produce an adhesive mixture; applying the adhesive mixture to a first substrate; bringing a second substrate into adhesive contact with the first substrate; and allowing the adhesive mixture to cure.
[0056] (3) An adhered assembly comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate; a cured adhesive mixture resulting from mixing a two-component adhesive comprising: an isocyanate component comprising a prepolymer made by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one hydrophobic polyol to produce an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer; a polyol component comprising: at least one polyol; at least one catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an isocyanate group; wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are in adhesive contact with the cured adhesive mixture.
[0057] Embodiment 1, 2 or 3, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate used to make the prepolymer is aromatic or aliphatic.
[0058] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate used to make the prepolymer is aromatic.
[0059] Any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate used to make the prepolymer is selected from hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) , isophorone diisocyanate, methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1, 5-pentamethylene diisocyanate, and mixtures of these.
[0060] Any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate used to make the prepolymer is selected from methylene-bis- (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) , polymethylene polyphenylisocyanates, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, any of which can be modified to include biuret, allophonate, urea, carbamate, isocyanurate or carbodiimide groups, and mixtures of these.
[0061] Any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate used to make the prepolymer is selected from 2, 2’-MDI, 2, 4’-MDI, 4, 4’-MDI, and mixtures of these.
[0062] Any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate used to make the prepolymer is selected from polymeric MDI’s.
[0063] Any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate used to make the prepolymer comprises or consists of a polymeric MDI having an average functionality of 2.7.
[0064] Any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate used to make the prepolymer comprises or consists of MDI having an average functionality of 2.
[0065] Any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate used to make the prepolymer comprises or consists of a mixture of 2, 4’-and 4, 4’-MDI having an average functionality of 2, and a molecular weight (Mn) of 250 Da.
[0066] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one hydrophobic polyol constitutes at least 75 wt%of the total polyol content of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, e.g., at least 80 wt%, or at least 90 wt%, and in some cases 100 wt%.
[0067] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one hydrophobic polyol is selected from cashew nut shell oil polyols, polyester polyols, polybutadiene polyols, polyether / polyester polyols, and mixtures of these.
[0068] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least on hydrophobic polyol is selected from branched polyether / polyester polyols, cashew nut shell oil polyol with an average functionality of 3.3, polyester polyol of Mn 1,000 Da, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene with an Mn of 2,800 Da and a functionality of 2.3, a hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol, in particular a hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol made from adipic acid, 1, 6-hexane diol and 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diol.
[0069] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the prepolymer is prepared using a stoichiometric excess of isocyanate groups, resulting in an NCO-terminated molecule.
[0070] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the prepolymer results from the reaction of the following pairs of polyisocyanate and polyol:
[0071] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the prepolymer results from the reaction of the following pairs of polyisocyanate and polyol:
[0072] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the amount of polyisocyanate used to make the prepolymer is 60-85 wt%, e.g., 65-80 wt%, or 70-78 wt%, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0073] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the amount of hydrophobic polyol used to make the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is 15-40 wt%, e.g., 20-35 wt%, or 22-30 wt%, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0074] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 60-85 wt%MDI, e.g., 65-80 wt%MDI, or 70-78 wt%MDI, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0075] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%castor oil, e.g., 20-35 wt%castor oil, or 22-30 wt%castor oil, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0076] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%polyether / polyester polyol, e.g., 20-35 wt%polyether / polyester polyol, or 22-30 wt%polyether / polyester polyol, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0077] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%cashew nut shell oil polyol, e.g., 20-35 wt% cashew nut shell oil polyol, or 22-30 wt%cashew nut shell oil polyol, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0078] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%polyester polyol, e.g., 20-35 wt%polyester polyol, or 22-30 wt%polyester polyol, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0079] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%polybutadiene polyol, e.g., 20-35 wt%polybutadiene polyol, or 22-30 wt%polybutadiene polyol, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0080] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%cashew nut shell oil polyol with average functionality of approximately 3.3, e.g., 20-35 wt%cashew nut shell oil polyol with average functionality of approximately 3.3, or 22-30 wt%cashew nut shell oil polyol with average functionality of approximately 3.3, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0081] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol of MWT 1,000 Da, e.g., 20-35 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol of MWT 1,000 Da, or 22-30 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol of MWT 1,000 Da, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0082] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene of MWT 2,800 Da, and functionality of 2.3, e.g., 20-35 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene of MWT 2,800 Da, and functionality of 2.3, or 22-30 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene of MWT 2,800 Da, and functionality of 2.3, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0083] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is made using 15-40 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol made from adipic acid, 1, 6-hexanediol and 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol or average molecular weight 830 Da, and functionality of 2, e.g., 20-35 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol made from adipic acid, 1, 6-hexanediol and 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol or average molecular weight 830 Da, and functionality of 2, or 22-30 wt%hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol made from adipic acid, 1, 6-hexanediol and 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol or average molecular weight 830 Da, and functionality of 2, based on the total weight of polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol used to make the prepolymer.
[0084] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one polyol comprises or consists of a polyether polyol, e.g., it is selected from poly (C2-4-alkylene oxide) polyols.
[0085] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one polyol is selected from poly (propylene oxide) polyols.
[0086] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one polyol has a functionality of 2.5-3.5, e.g., 3.
[0087] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one polyol comprises or consists of a polyol having a functionality of 2.5-3.5, e.g., 3, and an Mn of 300-3,000 Da.
[0088] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one polyol comprises or consists of a mixture of two or more polyols, in particular a mixture of two or more polyether polyols.
[0089] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one polyol comprises or consists of a mixture of a first polyether polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 3,000 Da, and a second polyether polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 350 Da.
[0090] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one polyol comprises or consists of a mixture of a first poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 3,000 Da, and a second poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 350 Da.
[0091] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one polyol comprises or consists of an approximately 50: 50 (wt: wt) mixture of a first poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 3,000 Da, and a second poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 350 Da.
[0092] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one polyol is used at 40-80 wt%, e.g., 50-70 wt%, particularly 55-65 wt%, based on the total weight of the polyol component.
[0093] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one polyol comprises or consists of 25-35 wt%of a first poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 3,000 Da, and 25-35 wt%of a second poly (propylene oxide) -based polyol having a functionality of 3 and an Mn of 350 Da, based on the total weight of The polyol component.
[0094] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one catalyst is selected from tertiary amine catalysts, organometallic catalysts, such as bismuth catalysts, alkyl tin carboxylates, oxides and tin mercaptides.
[0095] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one catalyst is selected from N-methyl morpholine, N-methyl imidazole, triethylenediamine, bis- (2-dimethylaminoethyl) -ether, 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethanolamine, 2, 2-dimorpholinyl-diethylether (DMDEE) , N, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl hexahydrotriazine, dimethyltetrahydropyrimidine, tetramethylethylenediamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, 2, 2-N, N benzyldimethylamine, dimethylethanol amine, dimethylaminopropyl amine, Penta-dimethyl diethylene triamine, N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-1, 6-hexanediamine, N, N', N'-trimethylaminoethylpiperazine, 1, 1'- [ [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] imino] bispropan-2-ol, 1, 3, 5-tris [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] hexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine, N-N-dimethyldipropylene triamine, N, N, N'-trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, with DMDEE being particularly preferred.
[0096] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one catalyst is selected from bismuth catalysts, metal carboxylates such as tin carboxylate and zinc carboxylate, metal alkanoates including stannous octoate, bismuth octoate or bismuth neodecanoate.
[0097] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one catalyst is selected from bismuth catalysts and organotin catalysts.
[0098] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one catalyst is selected from dibutyltin dilaurate, dimethyl tin dineodecanoate, dimethyltin mercaptide, dimethyltin carboxylate, dimethyltin dioleate, dimethyltin dithioglycolate, dibutyltin mercaptide, dibutyltin bis (2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate) , dibutyltin sulfide, dioctyltin dithioglycolate, dioctyltin mercaptide, dioctyltin dioctoate, dioctyltin dineodecanoate, dioctyltin dilaurate.
[0099] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the at least one catalyst is dioctyltin mercaptide.
[0100] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the catalyst is used at 0.005 to 0.0.02 wt%, e.g., 0.01 wt%, based on the total weight of The polyol component.
[0101] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein the catalyst is dioctyl tin mercaptide, used at 0.01 to 0.02 wt%based on the total weight of The polyol component.
[0102] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein The isocyanate component and / or The polyol component additionally comprise fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, fumed silica, carbon black, zeolites, molecular sieves and mixtures of these.
[0103] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein The isocyanate component and / or The polyol component comprise calcium carbonate, preferably at 25-40 wt%, e.g., at 29-38 wt%, based on the total weight of the respective Part.
[0104] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein The isocyanate component and / or The polyol component comprise fumed silica, preferably at 1-4 wt%, e.g., 1.5-3 wt%, based on the total weight of the respective Part.
[0105] Any one preceding embodiment, wherein The isocyanate component and / or The polyol component comprise calcium carbonate, preferably at 25-40 wt%, e.g., at 29-38 wt%, based on the total weight of the respective Part, and The isocyanate component and The polyol component comprise fumed silica, preferably at 1-4 wt%, e.g., 1.5-3 wt%, based on the total weight of the respective component.
[0106] EXAMPLES
[0107] IV. Preparation
[0108] A. Prepolymer preparation
[0109] Isocyanate-terminated prepolymers were made using the ingredients listed in Table 2.
[0110] The prepolymers were prepared in a 2 L four-necked flask with a mechanical stirring bar and thermometer. The prepolymer was isolated and stored. The prepolymer preparation process is described based on Inventive Example 4 (IE4) :
[0111] 340 g of castor oil was added into a four-necked flask with a mechanical stirring bar and thermometer at room temperature. The oil was dried under reduced pressure at 120℃ for 1 h. The oil was allowed to cool to 80℃, 1, 020 g of SUPRASEC 2020 was added to flask, and allowed to react under reduced pressure at 80℃ for 2h. The resulting prepolymer was then shored under hermetic conditions.
[0112] The prepolymers were prepared with a significant stochiometric excess of MDI, resulting in MDI-end-capped polyols.
[0113] B. Adhesives Part A and Part B preparation
[0114] The isocyanate (Part A) and the polyol (Part B) components of the adhesive were prepared in a 2L planetary mixer laboratory scale mixer.
[0115] The adhesive preparation process is described based on the isocyanate component of Inventive Example 4 (IE4) :
[0116] All solid raw materials, like CaCO3 and CAB-O-SIL TS-720 were dried at 150℃ for 24 hours or more, until the moisture content was less than 300 ppm.
[0117] 680 g of prepolymer, 300 g of CaCO3 and 20 g of CAB-O-SIL TS-720 (both pre-dried) were added into a 2 L planetary mixer laboratory scale mixer. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. A vacuum of maximum 80 mbar was applied, and mixing was continued for an additional 30 minutes. The vacuum was broken with nitrogen and the adhesive component was packaged in a sealed cylinder.
[0118] V. Characterization and Results
[0119] A. Working time
[0120] Parts A and B were mixed at 1: 1 vol: vol. Working time is the time for a 2X increase in Brookfield viscosity from the initial value at 23℃ at 5 rpm with a 14#spindle.
[0121] Brookfield viscosity is measured using Brookfield DV2T at 5 rpm shearing rate with 14#spindle at 23℃.
[0122] B. Skinning time
[0123] Skinning time is the time for the isocyanate component (Part A) to begin forming a skin from the outside in, when exposed at 23℃ / 50%relative humidity, ISOC.
[0124] C. Lap shear strength
[0125] Parts A and B were mixed 1: 1 vol: vol. Lap shear strength was measured using DIN EN 1465; bonded area: 10 X 25 = 250 mm2; adhesive layer thickness: 1 mm;substrate: e-coated steel; all surfaces were cleaned with ethanol or iso- propanol; curing conditions: 7 d@23℃; shear samples were pulled at 5 mm / min in the process of testing.
[0126] D. Tensile properties
[0127] Tensile properties including Tensile strength, E-modulus, and elongation, were measured according to DIN EN ISO 527-2; curing conditions: 7 d@23℃; tensile samples were pulled at 50 mm / min in the process of testing. The results are listed in Table 2.
[0128] The ISO component (Part A) of Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3, which contain prepolymers made from various polyisocyanates and a hydrophilic polyol (apolypropylene glycol of Mn 2,000 Da and functionality of 2) , all show skinning times of under 5 hours. In contrast, the ISO components of Inventive Examples 4-9, which contain prepolymers made from the same polyisocyanates and various hydrophobic polyols (Castor oil, SOVERMOL 805, GX-9007, PRIPLAST 1837, PBD R45 M and XCP-830NH) , show skinning times of greater than 12 hours. Significantly, the other properties of the adhesives of Inventive Examples 4-9 are all acceptable.
[0129] Features and advantages of this disclosure are apparent from the detailed specification, and the claims cover all such features and advantages. Numerous variations will occur to those skilled in the art, and any variations equivalent to those described in this disclosure fall within the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception upon which this disclosure is based may be used as a basis for designing other compositions and methods for carrying out the several purposes of this disclosure. As a result, the claims should not be considered as limited by the description or examples.
Claims
1.An uncured, two-component adhesive formulation having:a) an isocyanate component comprising an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer prepared from a polyisocyanate and a hydrophobic polyol; andb) a polyol component comprising:i) a polyol; andii) a catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an isocyanate group;wherein the uncured adhesive formulation is in the form of a kit in which the isocyanate and polyol components are not mixed.2.The adhesive formulation of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is aromatic.3.The adhesive formulation of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is methylene-bis- (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) , a polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate or a derivative thereof, or any combination thereof.4.The adhesive formulation of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is 2, 2’-MDI, 2, 4’-MDI, 4, 4’-MDI, or a combination thereof.5.The adhesive formulation of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic polyol has a water contact angle of greater than 90°.6.The adhesive formulation of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic polyol constitutes at least 75 wt%of the total polyol content of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer.7.The adhesive formulation of claim 1, wherein hydrophobic polyol is a cashew nut shell oil polyol, a polyester polyol, a polybutadiene polyol, a polyether / polyester polyol, or any combination thereof.8.The adhesive formulation of claim 1, wherein hydrophobic polyol is a branched polyether / polyester polyol, a cashew nut shell oil polyol with an average functionality of 3.3, a polyester polyol having a molecular weight (Mn) or 1,000 Da, a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene having a molecular weight (Mn) or 2,800 Da and a functionality of 2.3, or a hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol.9.The adhesive formulation of claim 1, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is prepared from an aromatic polyisocyanate and one or more of the following hydrophobic polyols:-castor oil;-a polyether / polyester polyol;-a cashew nut shell oil polyol;-a polyester polyol; or-a polybutadiene polyol.10.The adhesive formulation of claim 9, wherein the aromatic polyisocaynate is methylene-bis- (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) .11.The adhesive formulation of claim 9, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is prepared using 15-40 wt%of the hydrophobic polyol, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol.12.The adhesive formulation of claim 9, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is prepared using 20-35 wt%of the hydrophobic polyol, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol.13.The adhesive formulation of claim 9, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is prepared using 22-30 wt%of the hydrophobic polyol, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate and hydrophobic polyol.14.A method for adhering two or more substrates, comprising:a) mixing the isocyanate and polyol components of the adhesive formulation of claim 1 to produce an adhesive mixture;b) applying the adhesive mixture to a first substrate;c) contacting a second substrate with the first substrate; andd) allowing the adhesive mixture to cure.15.An adhered assembly comprising:a) a first substrate;b) a second substrate; andc) a cured adhesive mixture at least partially between the first and second substrates, the cured adhesive mixture resulting from mixing the isocyanate and polyol components of the adhesive formulation of claim 1 to produce an adhesive mixture, and allowing the adhesive mixture to cure.
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