Composite materials and methods for forming the same
By incorporating methyl acrylate and ketone ethylene ether into the polar polymer tie layer of adhesive films, the adhesion between PVC and metal substrates is enhanced, addressing the challenge of poor bonding in composite materials used in infrastructure applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/135775
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-05
AI Technical Summary
The challenge lies in achieving sufficient adhesion between polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer layers and metal substrates in composite materials, particularly in infrastructure applications, where conventional tie resins like maleic anhydride-grafted polymers and ethylene acid copolymers fail to provide consistent and strong bonding.
The introduction of a polar polymer tie layer containing methyl acrylate monomer and ketone ethylene ether in an adhesive film enhances the adhesion to PVC layers by increasing polarity and heat resistance, thereby improving the bonding between PVC and metal substrates.
The use of methyl acrylate and ketone ethylene ether in the polar polymer tie layer significantly improves the adhesion of the adhesive film to PVC layers, leading to enhanced bonding strength and integrity in composite materials, particularly in applications involving metal and PVC layers.
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Figure CN2023135775_05062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR FORMING THE SAMETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to composite materials and, more specifically, to multilayer composite materials utilizing adhesive films.BACKGROUND
[0002] Many types of flexible and semi-rigid packages to protect food, beverages, other liquids, personal care, and other consumer products have been manufactured using multilayer structures. However, attempting to form multilayer structures or composites with dissimilar materials, such as in infrastructure building panels utilizing metal and polymer layers, may encounter additional difficulties. Poor adhesion in these composites due to the dissimilarities can result in article integrity problems, splitting of layers, and generally poor or inconsistent appearance, especially after corrugating.SUMMARY
[0003] An intermediary ‘tie’ layer can be used in these circumstances to promote adhesion between the two articles. For example, in the 1980’s the DuPont de Nemours Corporation formulated BYNELTM extrudable tie resins to adhere non-polar polymers to polar polymers for the packaging of valuable foods such as meat and cheese.
[0004] However, as previously mentioned, of particular concern is the formulation of adhesive films, composed of individual tie layers, for the adhering of metal and polymer layers, such as for use in construction panels, weather-resistant roofing, and pipes across the infrastructure and transportation markets. For example, polyvinyl chloride exhibits a notable lack of adherence with both metal layers and conventional tie resins, including but not limited to maleic anhydride-grafted polymers, ethylene acid copolymers, and acrylate copolymers. Accordingly, continually desired are new adhesive film compositions for the sufficient adherence of polyvinyl chloride-containing polymer coatings to metal substrates.
[0005] Accordingly, provided herein are composite materials and methods for forming the same utilizing adhesive films that fulfill the aforementioned need. Particularly, inclusion of methyl acrylate monomer in a polar polymer tie layer of the adhesive film may contribute to improved adhesion of the adhesive film to polymer layers comprising polyvinyl chloride due to the increased polarity and heat resistance of the methyl acrylate monomer. Similarly, the inclusion of ketone ethylene ether in a polar polymer tie layer of the adhesive film may contribute to enhanced adhesion of the adhesive film to polymer layers comprising polyvinyl chloride in a similar manner to that of the methyl acrylate monomer. Namely, the inclusion of the ketone ethylene ether may contribute to increased polarity of the polar polymer tie layer.
[0006] According to one embodiments herein, a composite material may comprise an adhesive film comprising a polar polymer tie layer of ethylene methyl acrylate and ketone ethylene ester, and a tie resin of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, acrylate, or combinations thereof; a metal substrate adhered to the tie resin; and a polymer layer adhered to the polar polymer tie layer, the polymer layer comprising polyvinyl chloride.
[0007] According to another embodiment, a method of forming a composite material may comprise adhering a tie resin of an adhesive film to a top surface of a metal substrate, wherein the tie resin comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, acrylate, or combinations thereof; and adhering a polar polymer tie layer of the adhesive film to a polymer layer comprising polyvinyl chloride, wherein the polar polymer tie layer comprises ethylene methyl acrylate and ketone ethylene ester.
[0008] These and other embodiments are described in more detail herein. It is to be understood that both the foregoing and the following present embodiments of the technology, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the technology as it is claimed. Additionally, the descriptions is meant to be merely illustrative, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims in any manner.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure can be best understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, where like structure is indicated with like reference numerals and wherein:
[0010] Figure (FIG. ) 1 illustrates a composite material according to one or more embodiments herein;
[0011] FIG. 2 illustrates a composite material according to one or more embodiments herein; and
[0012] FIG. 3 illustrates a composite material according to one or more embodiments herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] Reference will now be made in greater detail to various embodiments, which are examples of the claimed subject matter. It should be understood that the features of the composite materials described herein should not be understood as limiting on the claimed embodiments unless explicitly described as such.
[0014] As used herein, “adhered” and like terms mean that one facial surface of one layer and one facial surface of another layer are in touching and binding contact to one another such that one layer cannot be removed from the other layer without damage to the interlayer surfaces (i.e., the in-contact facial surfaces) of both layers.
[0015] As previously stated, embodiments herein may include composite materials as well as methods of making the same. Referring to FIGS. 1-3, illustrated is a composite material 100. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the composite material 100 may comprise a metal substrate 120, a adhesive film 140 on a top surface 122 of the metal substrate 120, and a polymer layer 160. As shown in FIG. 2, the adhesive film 140 may comprise a polar polymer tie layer 130 and a tie resin 150. As shown in FIG. 3, the composite material 100 may further comprise a second adhesive film 140’ , which may be similar or identical to the adhesive film 140. The composite material 100 may also further comprise a second polymer layer 160’ , which may be similar or identical to the polymer layer 160. As shown in FIG. 3, the second adhesive film 140’ may be on a bottom surface 124 of the metal substrate 120.
[0016] In at least one embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 2, the metal substrate 120 may be adhered to the tie resin 150 of the adhesive film 140, such as on the top surface 122 of the metal substrate 120. Similarly, the metal substrate 120 may be adhered to the tie resin 150 of the second adhesive film 140’ , such as on the bottom surface 124 of the metal substrate 120. The polymer layer 160 may be adhered to the polar polymer tie layer 130 of the adhesive film 140. Similarly, the second polymer layer 160’ may be adhered to the polar polymer tie layer 130 of the second adhesive film 140’ .
[0017] The adhesive film 140 or the second adhesive film 140’ may be adhered to the metal substrate 120, the polymer layer 160, or both through extrusion, co-extrusion, thermal lamination, or combinations thereof. For example, and as shown in FIG. 2, the polar polymer tie layer 130 and the tie resin 150 may be sub-layers of the adhesive film 140 or the second adhesive film 140’ , such as when the polar polymer tie layer 130 and the tie resin 150 are co-extruded, although this is not required. The adhesive film 140, the second adhesive film 140’ , or both may then be thermally laminated to the metal substrate 120.
[0018] The metal substrate 120 may comprise galvanized steel, stainless steel, steel, aluminum, or combinations thereof, although any metal used in the infrastructure or transportation markets is contemplated. The polymer layer 160 may comprise polyvinyl chloride, such as from 1 wt. %to 100 wt. %polyvinyl chloride by weight of the polymer layer 160.
[0019] The tie resin 150 may comprise a matrix resin, such as, but not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, ethyl methyl acrylate, or combinations thereof. For example, and in embodiments, the tie resin 150 may comprise a BynelTM resin. The tie resin 150 may additionally or alternatively comprise a maleic anhydride grafted polymer, such as, but not limited to, methyl acrylate-grafted with polyethylene, polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, ethyl methyl acrylate, or combinations thereof.
[0020] The polar polymer tie layer 130 may comprise ethylene methyl acry
[0021] late and ketone ethylene ether. For example, and in embodiments, the polar polymer tie layer 130 may comprise from 1 wt. %to 30 wt. %ketone ethylene ester and the balance ethylene methyl acrylate, such as from 1 wt. %to 5 wt. %, from 5 wt. %to 10 wt. %, from 10 wt. %to 15 wt. %, from 15 wt. %to 20 wt. %, from 20 wt. %to 25 wt. %, from 25 wt. %to 30 wt. %ketone ethylene ester, or combinations of the preceding ranges or smaller ranges therein, such as from 5 wt. %to 15 wt. %ketone ethylene ester.
[0022] As previously stated, the polar polymer tie layer 130 may comprise ethylene methyl acrylate. The ethylene methyl acrylate may comprise greater than 16 wt. %methyl acrylate monomer or greater than 20 wt. %methyl acrylate monomer, such as from 16 wt. %to 18 wt. %, from 18 wt. %to 20 wt. %, from 20 wt. %to 22 wt. %, from 22 wt. %to 24 wt. %, from 24 wt. %to 26 wt. %methyl acrylate monomer, or combinations of the preceding ranges or smaller ranges therein, such as from 16 wt. %to 26 wt. %methyl acrylate monomer. As shown in the Examples hereinbelow, and without being limited by theory, inclusion of higher amounts of the methyl acrylate monomer in the polar polymer tie layer 130 may contribute to improved adhesion of the polar polymer tie layer 130 of the adhesive film 140 to the polymer layer 160 comprising polyvinyl chloride due to the increased polarity and heat resistance (owing to the relatively greater melting point over ethylene vinyl acetate) of the methyl acrylate monomer. Accordingly, the resultant polar polymer tie layer 130 may have increased polarity and heat resistance, enhancing adhesion to the polyvinyl chloride during the heat-driven bonding process and in end-use applications in enhanced temperature environments (e.g. exposed to sunlight) .
[0023] As previously stated, the polar polymer tie layer 130 may comprise ketone ethylene ether. The ketone ethylene ether may comprise carbon monoxide, ethylene, and at least one of n-butyl acrylate or vinyl acetate. Without being limited by theory, the addition of the ketone ethylene ether may contribute to enhanced adhesion of the adhesive film 140 to polymer layers comprising polyvinyl chloride in a similar manner to that of the methyl acrylate monomer. Namely, the inclusion of the ketone ethylene ether may contribute to increased affinity or compatibility of the polar polymer tie layer 130 to polyvinyl chloride, then enhancing adhesion to the polyvinyl chloride during the heat-driven bonding process.
[0024] In embodiments, the polar polymer tie layer 130 may have a melt index of from 1 decigrams per minute (dg / min) to 30 dg / min, such as from 1 dg / min to 5 dg / min, from 5 dg / min to 10 dg / min, from 10 dg / min to 15 dg / min, from 15 dg / min to 20 dg / min, from 20 dg / min to 25 dg / min, from 25 dg / min to 30 dg / min, or combinations of the preceding ranges or smaller ranges therein.
[0025] Similarly, the composite material 100 excluding the metal substrate 120 may have a melt index of from 1 grams per minute (dg / min) to 10 dg / min, such as from 1 dg / min to 2 dg / min, from 2 dg / min to 5 dg / min, from 5 dg / min to 8 dg / min, from 8 dg / min to 10 dg / min, or combinations of the preceding ranges or smaller ranges therein, such as from 1 dg / min to 5 dg / min.
[0026] It should be understood that the adhesive film 140, the second adhesive film 140’ , the polar polymer tie layer 130, the tie resin 150, the polymer layer 160, the second polymer layer 160’ , or combinations thereof may further comprise one or more additives as known to those of skill in the art such as, for example, plasticizers, stabilizers including viscosity stabilizers, hydrolytic stabilizers, primary and secondary antioxidants, ultraviolet light absorbers, anti-static agents, dyes, pigments or other coloring agents, inorganic fillers, fire-retardants, lubricants, reinforcing agents such as glass fiber and flakes, synthetic (for example, aramid) fiber or pulp, foaming or blowing agents, processing aids, slip additives, antiblock agents such as, but not limited to silica or talc, release agents, tackifier, or combinations thereof.
[0027] As previously stated, inorganic fillers, such as but not limited to calcium carbonate, and the like can also be incorporated. In some embodiments, the adhesive film 140, the second adhesive film 140’ , the polar polymer tie layer 130, the tie resin 150, the polymer layer 160, the second polymer layer 160’ , or combinations thereof may include up to 5 weight percent of such additional additives based on the total weight of the respective layer. All individual values and subranges from 0 wt. %to 5 wt. %are included and disclosed herein; for example, the total amount of additives in any layer can be from 0.5 wt. %to 5 wt. %, from 0.5 wt. %to 4 wt. %, from 0.5 wt. %to 3 wt. %, from 0.5 wt. %to 2 wt. %, from 0.5 wt. %to 1 wt. %, from 1 wt. %to 5 wt. %, from 1 wt. %to 4 wt. %, from 1 wt. %to 3 wt. %, from 1 wt. %to 2 wt. %, from 2 wt. %to 5 wt. %, from 2 wt. %to 4 wt. %, from 2 wt. %to 3 wt. %, from 3 wt. %to 5 wt. %, from 3 wt. %to 4 wt. %, or from 4 wt. %to 5 wt. %based on the total weight of the respective layer. The incorporation of the additives can be carried out by any known process such as, for example, by dry blending, by extruding a mixture of the various constituents, by the conventional master batch technique, or the like.
[0028] As previously mentioned, composite materials 100 discussed herein may find use in construction panels, weather-resistant roofing, and pipes across the infrastructure and transportation markets, although this is not limiting. Accordingly, the composite material 100 may be corrugated. For example, and in embodiments, the composite material 100 may be roll formed to form a corrugated composite material, such as after the thermal lamination of the metal substrate 120, the adhesive film 140, and the polymer layer 160. The roll forming may occur at either ambient (room) or elevated temperature.
[0029] As previously stated, embodiments herein may also comprise methods of forming the composite materials 100. The method may comprise adhering a tie resin 150 of an adhesive film 140 to a metal substrate 120. The tie resin 150 and the adhesive film 140 may be any of the tie resins or adhesive films hereinbefore discussed. The method may also comprise adhering a polar polymer tie layer 130 of the adhesive film 140 to a polymer layer 160. Similarly, the polar polymer tie layer 130 and the polymer layer 160 may be any of the polar polymer tie layers or polymer layers hereinbefore discussed.
[0030] The method may further comprise adhering the tie resin 150 of the second adhesive film 140’ to the bottom surface 124 of the metal substrate 120. The second adhesive film 140’ may be any of the second adhesive films 140’ hereinbefore discussed. The method may also comprise adhering the polar polymer tie layer 130 of the second adhesive film 140’ to the second polymer layer 160’ . Similarly, the second polymer layer 160’ may be any of the second polymer layers hereinbefore discussed.
[0031] As previously discussed, the process used to adhere the layers of the composite material 100 together may comprise extrusion, co-extrusion, thermal lamination, or combinations thereof. For example, and in embodiments, the adhesive film 140, the polymer layer 160, or both may be formed separately by extrusion and then thermally laminated sequentially or together onto the metal substrate 120. In other embodiments, the adhesive film 140 and the polymer layer 160 may be co-extruded and then thermally laminated together onto the metal substrate 120.
[0032] As previously stated, the composite material 100 may be corrugated, such as by roll forming. Accordingly, the method may further comprise roll forming the composite material 100 to form a corrugated composite material.
[0033] EXAMPLES
[0034] Several examples are provided which are directed to one or more of the embodiments herein.
[0035] Multiple resins making up the polar polymer tie layer of the adhesive film were fed into a Brabender chamber for five minutes of mixing at 40 rpms and 150 ℃. These polar polymer tie layers are shown in Table 1, and are designated Comparative Examples (CE) 1-6 and Inventive Examples (IE) 1-6. Comparative Examples 1-4 illustrate comparative polar polymer tie layers comprising ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and varying amounts of the ketone ethylene ester. Comparative Examples 5 and 6 illustrate comparative polar polymer tie layers comprising ethylene methyl acrylate without ketone ethylene ester. Inventive Examples 1-3 illustrate polar polymer tie layers comprising ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA) with approximately 18 wt. %methyl acrylate (MA) monomer content by weight of the EMA with varying amounts of ketone ethylene ester. Inventive Examples 4-6 illustrate polar polymer tie layers comprising ethylene methyl acrylate with approximately 24 wt. %methyl acrylate monomer content by weight of the EMA with varying amounts of ketone ethylene ester.
[0036] Table 1: Tested Polar Polymer Tie Layer (PPTL) Compositions
[0037] The resultant polar polymer tie layers were then placed in a hot press machine and preheated at 150 ℃ for ten minutes. After venting the hot press machine eight times, the compound was held in the hot press machine at 150 ℃ and 10 MPa of pressure between the upper and lower plates of the hot press machine for another five minutes to form a film of the polar polymer tie layer. The film was then cooled to room temperature in five minutes at the same pressure. The thickness of the resulting film was approximately 100 micrometers.
[0038] After cooling and removing the film from the hot press machine, the polar polymer tie layer film, the tie resin (an ethylene acetate-based film) , and a PVC film were cut into strips approximately 20 millimeters wide and 100 millimeters long. The strips were then thermally laminated concurrently onto a steel bar of the same dimensions to form the composite material according to embodiments herein. The tie resin had a thickness of approximately 50 micrometers. The thermal lamination was accomplished using a benchtop laminator at 180 ℃ and 0.8 MPa pressure between the upper and lower rollers of the laminator over a time period of ten seconds.
[0039] Multiple samples of each of the composite materials were then subjected to a strip test to analyze the adhesion of the layers. The results of the strip tests are shown below in Table 2. The melt index of the non-metal layers of the composite was approximately 2.5 decigrams per minute for the comparative examples and approximately 2 decigrams per minute for the inventive examples. The strip test was conducted according to ISO 29862: 2018: 180° (angle of peel) peeling with an INSTRON equipment at 50 ℃ and a pull speed at 12 inch / minute. Melt index, or I2, (g / 10 min or dg / min) was measured in accordance with ASTM D 1238.
[0040] Table 2: Strip Test of Tested Polar PolymeTie Layer (PPTL) Compositions
[0041] As shown in Table 2, composites including ethylene methyl acrylate (CE-5, CE-6, and IE 1-6) rather than ethylene vinyl acetate (CE-1-4) exhibited greatly improved adhesion for the composite material. Further, as the amount of methyl acrylate monomer increased (CE-5&IE-1-4 vs. CE-6 &IE 5-8) , further increases in adhesion were observed. As previously stated, these two results may be attributable to the relatively greater amount of polarity, high affinity or compatibility to PVC, and heat resistance in the polar polymer tie layer, which may aid in the adhesion to polyvinyl chloride.
[0042] As also shown in Table 2, the inclusion of the ketone ethylene ester also contributed to enhanced adhesion regardless of the amount of methyl acrylate monomer. Further, increased amounts of the ketone ethylene ester resulted in further increases in adhesion. Finally, the choice of either vinyl acetate or n-butyl acrylate as a co-monomer for the ketone ethylene ester did not appear to have an impact on the adhesion of the resulting adhesive film. As previously stated, these two results may be attributable to the relatively greater amount of polarity in the polar polymer tie layer, which may aid in the adhesion to polyvinyl chloride.
[0043] Unexpectedly, the same beneficial effects to adhesion were not observed when ketone ethylene ester was included in the ethylene vinyl acetate formulations. Instead, the inclusion of ketone ethylene ester appeared to negatively impact the adhesion of the polar polymer tie layer to the polyvinyl chloride, see CE-1-4. Without being limited by theory, the thermal resistance of ethylene vinyl acetate is noticeably lower as compared to the thermal resistance of ethylene methyl acrylate, so adding ketone ethylene ester does not impact the overall adhesion of less-thermally-stable ethylene vinyl acetate composites. Further this phenomena may tend to illustrate a synergistic effect when both the ethylene methyl acrylate and the ketone ethylene ester are included in the adhesive film, at least in terms of adhesion to polyvinyl chloride polymer layers.
[0044] The present disclosure may include one or more aspects. A first aspect of the present disclosure includes a composite material comprising an adhesive film comprising a polar polymer tie layer of ethylene methyl acrylate and ketone ethylene ester, and a tie resin of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, acrylate, or combinations thereof; a metal substrate adhered to the tie resin; and a polymer layer adhered to the polar polymer tie layer, the polymer layer comprising polyvinyl chloride.
[0045] A second aspect may include any previous aspect, and may further comprise a second adhesive film also comprising the polar polymer tie layer and the tie resin; a second polymer layer also comprising polyvinyl chloride, wherein the metal substrate has a top surface and a bottom surface, the tie resin of the adhesive film is adhered to the top surface of the metal substrate, the tie resin of the second adhesive film is adhered to the bottom surface of the metal substrate, and the polar polymer tie layer of the second adhesive film is adhered to the second polymer layer.
[0046] A third aspect may include any previous aspect, wherein the ketone ethylene ester comprises carbon monoxide, ethylene, and at least one of n-butyl acrylate or vinyl acetate.
[0047] A fourth aspect may include any previous aspect, wherein the ethylene methyl acrylate comprises from 16 wt. %to 26 wt. %methyl acrylate.
[0048] A fifth aspect may include any of the first through third aspects, wherein the ethylene methyl acrylate comprises greater than 20 wt. %methyl acrylate.
[0049] A sixth aspect may include any previous aspect, wherein the polar polymer tie layer comprises from 1 wt. %to 30 wt. %ketone ethylene ester and the balance ethylene methyl acrylate.
[0050] A seventh aspect may include any previous aspect, wherein the metal substrate comprises galvanized steel, stainless steel, steel, aluminum, or combinations thereof.
[0051] An eighth aspect may include any previous aspect, wherein the polymer layer, the polar polymer tie layer, the tie resin, or combinations thereof further comprise a plasticizer, a stabilizer, antioxidants, ultraviolet light absorbers, anti-static agents, coloring agents, inorganic fillers, fire-retardants, lubricants, reinforcing agents such as glass fiber and flakes, synthetic fibers, synthetic pulp, foaming agents, blowing agents, processing aids, slip additives, antiblock agents, release agents, tackifiers, or combinations thereof.
[0052] A ninth aspect may include a method of forming a composite material, the method comprising adhering a tie resin of an adhesive film to a top surface of a metal substrate, wherein the tie resin comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, acrylate, or combinations thereof; and adhering a polar polymer tie layer of the adhesive film to a polymer layer comprising polyvinyl chloride, wherein the polar polymer tie layer comprises ethylene methyl acrylate and ketone ethylene ester.
[0053] A tenth aspect may include the ninth aspect, further comprising adhering the tie resin of a second adhesive film to a bottom surface of the metal substrate, wherein the second adhesive film also comprises the polar polymer tie layer and the tie resin; and adhering the polar polymer tie layer of the second adhesive film to a second polymer layer also comprising polyvinyl chloride.
[0054] An eleventh aspect may include any of the ninth through tenth aspects, wherein adhering the adhesive film, the second adhesive film, or both to the metal substrate, the polymer layer, the second polymer layer, or combinations thereof comprises extrusion, co-extrusion, thermal lamination, or combinations thereof.
[0055] A twelfth aspect may include any of the ninth through eleventh aspects, wherein the ketone ethylene ester comprises carbon monoxide, ethylene, and at least one of n-butyl acrylate or vinyl acetate.
[0056] A thirteenth aspect may include any of the ninth through twelfth aspects, wherein the ethylene methyl acrylate comprises from 16 wt. %to 26 wt. %methyl acrylate.
[0057] A fourteenth aspect may include any of the ninth through twelfth aspects, wherein the ethylene methyl acrylate comprises greater than 20 wt. %methyl acrylate.
[0058] A fifteenth aspect may include any of the ninth through fourteenth aspects, wherein the polar polymer tie layer comprises from 1 wt. %to 30 wt. %ketone ethylene ester and the balance ethylene methyl acrylate.
[0059] It will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the disclosure defined in the appended claims. More specifically, although some aspects of the present disclosure are identified herein as preferred or particularly advantageous, it is contemplated that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to these aspects.
[0060] The terms “comprising, ” “including, ” “having, ” and their derivatives, are not intended to exclude the presence of any additional component, step or procedure, whether or not the same is specifically disclosed. In order to avoid any doubt, all compositions claimed through use of the term “comprising” may include any additional additive, adjuvant, or compound, whether polymeric or otherwise, unless stated to the contrary. In contrast, the term, “consisting essentially of” excludes from the scope of any succeeding recitation any other component, step or procedure, excepting those that are not essential to operability. The term “consisting of” excludes any component, step or procedure not specifically delineated or listed.
[0061] What is claimed is:
Claims
1.A composite material comprising:an adhesive film comprisinga polar polymer tie layer of ethylene methyl acrylate and ketone ethylene ester, anda tie resin of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, acrylate, or combinations thereof;a metal substrate adhered to the tie resin; anda polymer layer adhered to the polar polymer tie layer, the polymer layer comprising polyvinyl chloride.2.The composite material of claim 1, further comprising:a second adhesive film also comprising the polar polymer tie layer and the tie resin;a second polymer layer also comprising polyvinyl chloride, whereinthe metal substrate has a top surface and a bottom surface,the tie resin of the adhesive film is adhered to the top surface of the metal substrate,the tie resin of the second adhesive film is adhered to the bottom surface of the metal substrate, andthe polar polymer tie layer of the second adhesive film is adhered to the second polymer layer.3.The composite material of any previous claim, wherein the ketone ethylene ester comprises carbon monoxide, ethylene, and at least one of n-butyl acrylate or vinyl acetate.4.The composite material of any previous claim, wherein the ethylene methyl acrylate comprises from 16 wt. %to 26 wt. %methyl acrylate.5.The composite material of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ethylene methyl acrylate comprises greater than 20 wt. %methyl acrylate.6.The composite material of any previous claim, wherein the polar polymer tie layer comprises from 1 wt. %to 30 wt. %ketone ethylene ester and the balance ethylene methyl acrylate.7.The composite material of any previous claim, wherein the metal substrate comprises galvanized steel, stainless steel, steel, aluminum, or combinations thereof.8.The composite material of any previous claim, wherein the polymer layer, the polar polymer tie layer, the tie resin, or combinations thereof further comprise a plasticizer, a stabilizer, antioxidants, ultraviolet light absorbers, anti-static agents, coloring agents, inorganic fillers, fire-retardants, lubricants, reinforcing agents such as glass fiber and flakes, synthetic fibers, synthetic pulp, foaming agents, blowing agents, processing aids, slip additives, antiblock agents, release agents, tackifiers, or combinations thereof.9.A method of forming a composite material, the method comprising:adhering a tie resin of an adhesive film to a top surface of a metal substrate, wherein the tie resin comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, ethyl vinyl acetate, acrylate, or combinations thereof; andadhering a polar polymer tie layer of the adhesive film to a polymer layer comprising polyvinyl chloride, wherein the polar polymer tie layer comprises ethylene methyl acrylate and ketone ethylene ester.10.The method of claim 9, further comprising:adhering the tie resin of a second adhesive film to a bottom surface of the metal substrate, wherein the second adhesive film also comprises the polar polymer tie layer and the tie resin; andadhering the polar polymer tie layer of the second adhesive film to a second polymer layer also comprising polyvinyl chloride.11.The method of any of claims 9 or 10, wherein adhering the adhesive film, the second adhesive film, or both to the metal substrate, the polymer layer, the second polymer layer, or combinations thereof comprises extrusion, co-extrusion, thermal lamination, or combinations thereof.12.The method of any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the ketone ethylene ester comprises carbon monoxide, ethylene, and at least one of n-butyl acrylate or vinyl acetate.13.The method of any of claims 9 to 12, wherein the ethylene methyl acrylate comprises from 16 wt. %to 26 wt. %methyl acrylate.14.The method of any of claims 9 to 12, wherein the ethylene methyl acrylate comprises greater than 20 wt. %methyl acrylate.15.The method of any of claims 9 to 14, wherein the polar polymer tie layer comprises from 1 wt. %to 30 wt. %ketone ethylene ester and the balance ethylene methyl acrylate.
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