Improved method for extraction and collection of co2 and minerals from water

Abstract

The present invention provides a plant and improved methods that allow for extraction of large amounts of CO2 and minerals from water such as from seawater. The plant comprises: - a mineralization chamber (4) for precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by addition of a strong base (3a), - a degasification chamber (9), with a vacuum pump (10) that extracts CO2 gas from the decarbonated water that has been acidified (8), - an outlet chamber for discharging the treated water.

Description

[0001] Improved method for extraction and collection of CO2 and minerals from water

[0002] Field of invention

[0003] The present invention present a plant or system for use in methods of extracting minerals and CO2 from water. In particular, in some processes, the plant will extract CaC03 and CO2, and in some instances, the plant or system is expanded to handle extraction of more than one mineral. So that such an expanded system or plant may be used with processes for extraction of CaC03, and MgCO3 and CO2. Such minerals will have a better sustainability profile than minerals from traditional deposits.

[0004] Background

[0005] Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a ubiquitous greenhouse gas known to contribute significantly to climate change and global warming. While industrial processes, transportation, and energy generation remain primary sources of CO2 emissions, natural processes also contribute to its presence in the atmosphere. One such natural process involves the dissolution of CO2 in water bodies, leading to the formation of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2(aq)).

[0006] The accumulation of CO2 in water sources has garnered attention due to its potential impact on aquatic ecosystems, altering pH levels and affecting marine life. Furthermore, the extraction of CO2 from water presents an opportunity to mitigate the levels of this greenhouse gas in both water systems and the atmosphere.

[0007] Various methods have been explored for the removal of CO2 from water, including chemical absorption, membrane separation, and physical adsorption techniques. However, these methods often encounter challenges related to efficiency, scalability, cost-effectiveness, or environmental impact.

[0008] The need persists for a reliable, cost-efficient, and environmentally sustainable technique for the extraction of CO2 from water sources. An innovative approach that addresses these limitations would significantly contribute to environmental conservation efforts while offering practical applications in diverse fields such as environmental remediation, carbon capture and sequestration, and sustainable resource management.

[0009] The present invention aims to address these challenges by proposing a novel method or system for the efficient extraction of CO2 from water, offering advantages in terms of efficacy, scalability, and environmental impact compared to existing solutions.

[0010] Summary of the invention The present invention provides improved processes for extraction of CO2 from water such as from lakes, the sea and reservoirs. The processes provide means for extracting carbon comprising minerals as well as gaseous CO2 from the water.

[0011] In essence, the present invention provides a plant for extraction of CO2 and precipitation of minerals from water. In one embodiment, as depicted in figure 1 , the plant is constructed to have a continuous water flow through the system from the inlet (1) through chambers A, B and C to the outlet (13). Such chambers are merely distinct zones in an open tube, allowing for a continuous water flow through the zones, and between zones. The pump (3) positioned just before the outlet (8) secures the continuous water flow.

[0012] In one embodiment, the plant according to the invention comprise an inflow and mineralization chamber (A), a degasification chamber (B), and an outlet chamber (C), wherein (A) comprises an opening at the base (1) for water inflow and optionally a further opening (4) for inlet of a basic composition, and (B) comprises an air pump (a vacuum pump (2)), and a further optional inlet for acid (5) and (C) is attached to a water pump (3). In an embodiment, a further inlet (6) for a basic neutralizing solution is placed either in the end of Chamber (B) just before the opening to Chamber (C) or in Chamber (C). Chambers A, B and C are connected to allow the continuous flow of water through the system from the inlet opening 1 to the outlet opening 8 in figure 1.

[0013] From the sea, a lake or reservoir, water is led into the plant (Figure 1) through the opening (1) in the inflow and mineralization chamber (A). Activation of the vacuum pump (2) attached to chamber (B) is adjusted to cause the water level to be sufficiently raised to have its surface level in chamber (B) to allow flow of water from Chamber (A) to Chamber (C) through Chamber (B). Further, the vacuum pump (2) adjust the pressure in Chamber (B) to adjust the water surface level in Chamber (B) to a level that allow efficient evaporation of CO2 from the surface and into the low pressure Chamber (B). The water pump (3) attached to chamber (C), by removing water from chamber (C) through the opening (8), water will flow from Chamber (B) to Chamber (C) and thus cause water to flow into and through chamber (A) in direction towards chamber (B). In some embodiments, a means for collecting the CO2 (11) is attached to the pump (2) attached to Chamber (B).

[0014] In chamber (A), by inlet of a basic solution through the opening (4) pH of the water is increased to a level where dissolved CaC03 precipitate. In some embodiments, by inlet of an acid through the inlet opening (5) pH is neutralized in Chamber (B). In some embodiments, by inlet of an acid through the opening (5) pH is further made acidic in order to facilitate further release of CO2 while the water is still in Chamber (B). In some embodiments, a neutralizing substance is added through opening (6) to neutralize pH of the water if pH is not neutral when water passes inlet opening (6). In some embodiments, means for collecting precipitated minerals (7) are attached to Chamber (A). In some embodiments, the invention provides a plant (Figure 3) configured to remove CO2 and minerals such as CaCO3 and MgCO3 and / or Mg(OH)2, wherein the plant correspond to that depicted in Figure 3, which is also a continuous flow system, built to allow or to have a continuous stream of water from the inlet opening (1) to the exit (or outlet opening) (13). The water is pulled through the system by the pump (12) positioned before the exit (13), but (12) must be positioned after the pH neutralisation opening (11), or alternatively at least after the CO2 degasification zone

[0015] (9). In this embodiment, the plant comprise two different zones for mineralization and collection of minerals - the saturation and CaCO3 mineralization zone (4), and means for collection of CaCO3 (5), as well as a saturation and MgCO3 mineralization zone (6), and means for collection of MgCO3 (7), as well as a means (10) for collection of CO2 gas released from the water in the CO2 degasification zone (9) (Figure 3).

[0016] Further, processes for removing CO2 and minerals such as CaCO3 and MgCO3 and / or Mg(OH)2 from water is presented and claimed.

[0017] The invention further provides improved methods and processes of treating water from lakes, sea and reservoirs in order to extract and collect CO2 and minerals. The CO2 and minerals are useful industrially, and the water will subsequently have an increased ability to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.

[0018] Figure legends:

[0019] Figure 1. Schematic drawing of a continuous flow system for extraction of calcium and CO2 from water, in example sea water. The plant comprise 3 chambers. Chamber (A) Mineralization and precipitation; Chamber (B) degasification chamber; Chamber (C) outlet chamber. Further, the following elements are indicated in the figure: (1) Water inlet; (2) Air or vacuum pump; (3) Water pump; (4) Basic solution inlet; (5) Acid inlet; (6) Neutralization solution inlet; (7) Mineral precipitate outlet or collection; (8) Water outlet opening; (9) means for adding mineralization seed particles;

[0020] (10) Vacuum part of degasification chamber (B); (11) CO2 collection means; (12) Means for aerating water before exit of the plant; (13) Surrounding Water level;.

[0021] Figure 2. schematic drawing showing a continuous flow system for extraction of calcium carbonate, and CO2, from water. The plant comprise 3 chambers or zones. Chamber (4) Mineralization and precipitation; Chamber (9) degasification chamber; and an outlet chamber just before the pump (12). Further, the following elements are indicated in the figure: (1) Water inlet; (10) Air or vacuum pump; (12) Water pump; (2a) Basic solution inlet; (8) Acid inlet; (11) Neutralization solution inlet; (5) Mineral precipitate outlet or collection; (13) Water outlet opening; (3a) means for adding mineralization seed particles; (9) Vacuum part of degasification chamber or zone (9); (17) CO2 collection means; (15) Means for aerating water before exit of the plant; (16) Surrounding Water level; (18) outlet zone. Figure 2 corresponds to Figure 1, but the elements in the figure has been renamed to correspond with the numbering used in Figure 3.

[0022] Figure 3. Schematic drawing showing a continuous flow system for extraction of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and CO2, from water. (1) Water inlet, (2a and 2b) addition of seed particles, (3a, 3b and 3c) strong base injection, (4) Saturation Zone and CaC03 mineralization, (5) Means for collection of CaC03, (6) Saturation Zone MgCO3 mineralization, (7) Collection of MgCO3, (8) strong acid injection, (9) Degasification Zone for CO2, (10) Vacuum pump, (11) injection of pH neutralizing solution, (12) Water pump, (13) Water outlet, (14) Height difference between water surfaces.

[0023] Detailed description of the invention.

[0024] The present invention provides improved methods for extracting CO2 and minerals from water such as water from any of lakes, sea and reservoirs. The plant (Figure 2 and Figure 3) according to the invention is made for a continuous process having a continuous water flow through the system from the inlet (1) to the exit (13). During its flow through the plant or system, the water is treated to release minerals and CO2 which may be collected from the plant or system.

[0025] By efficiently extracting CO2 from such water sources, the ability of the water to absorb CO2 from air increases. Furthermore, the precipitated minerals are useful for industrial or agricultural purposes.

[0026] The invention provides a plant for extracting CO2 and minerals from water such as from lakes, sea and reservoirs.

[0027] Provided is a plant or system, as well as methods and processes for extraction of CO2 and precipitation and collection of minerals from water such as from seawater. In some embodiments, the plant or system according to the invention comprise an inflow and mineralization chamber (A), a degasification chamber (B), and an outlet chamber (C), wherein (A) comprises an opening at the base for water inflow (1) and optionally a further opening for inlet of a basic composition (4), and (B) comprises an air or vacuum pump (2) and a further optional inlet (5) for acid and (C) is attached to a water pump (3) (Figure 1). The system is made to allow a continuous water flow from the water inlet (1), through chamber (A), Chamber (B) and Chamber (C) and out through the exit 8 (Figure 1). The water is pulled through the system by the pump (3), why there will be a low pressure in the degasification Chamber (C) Figure 1.

[0028] In chamber (A) (Figure 1), pH is increased to a level where minerals start precipitation. The process is in essence that dissolved Ca++ and 2HCO3 = CaC03 + H2O + CO2, CaC03 will precipitate in Chamber (A) and due to the low pressure in Chamber (B) CO2 will evaporate.

[0029] The plant according to the previous embodiment and Figure 1 may, further comprise a vacuum pump (2) connected to chamber (B), to create low pressure and remove CO2 emitted from the water in Chamber (A) and (B). (10) is the gas area of Chamber (B) which may vary in size. The roof of Chamber (B) is shaped to efficiently lead the evaporated gas to the air or vacuum pump (2). In a further embodiment, a means for collecting gas (11) such as CO2 from chamber (B) connect to the vacuum pump (2), in order to facilitate collection and use of the gas for industrial purposes. In some embodiments the plant according to any one of the previous embodiments, chamber (A) further comprises or connect to a means for chemically or electrochemically changing pH of the water in order to alter the saturation point of the liquid for minerals. Such a means may be an inlet (4) for a basic solution.

[0030] In some embodiments, (Figure 1) the mineralization process enhanced in Chamber (A) comprising a means (9) for adding mineralization seed particles to the water, and thus adding mineralization particles in the top part of Chamber (A). (9) may be positioned at any point in (A), such as e.g. in top or bottom of the chamber. Adding mineralization seed particles to the water in Chamber (A) may speed up the mineralization process. Such seed particles may in non-limiting example be beach sand particles or finely ground CaCO3 particles. This process will stimulate and enhance processes for mineral formation and precipitation such as CaCCh.

[0031] In some embodiments, pH in Chamber (A) increases by inlet of a base through inlet (4) and mineralization seed particles added at the top of Chamber (A) through (9).

[0032] In some embodiments, Chamber (B) (Figure 1) comprise a means for chemically or electrochemically altering the saturation point for gases such as CO2 by lowering the pH. In some such embodiments, acid is added through the acid inlet (5) in order to lower pH of the water. Further, the lowering of water pH can increase the amount of CO2 that can degas from the water by converting certain forms of inorganic carbon into CO2. The various forms of inorganic carbon in seawater include dissolved carbon dioxide, bicarbonate ions, and carbonate ions. When the pH of seawater or other water sources is lowered, the equilibrium shifts so that bicarbonate ions convert into dissolved carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions, whereby the concentration of dissolved CO2 increase. Under low pressure, such as in Chamber (B) in the plant of the present invention, when pH is shifted to a low level, the amount of CO2 dissolved in the water will increase due to the chemical conversion of inorganic carbon into CO2 and the increased ability of the water to contain the dissolved CO2. However, due to the low air pressure in the chamber, part of this CO2 will degas from the water. Varying the air pressure will influence the amounts of CO2 that will degas from the water in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) so that lowering the pressure will increase the amount of CO2 that degas from the water. The optimal pressure in Chamber (B) will depend on the pH, and the flow speed and size of the chamber (length). When pH is lowered, more CO2 is made in the water, leading to more CO2 evaporating from the water. The optimal pressure will thus depend upon the dimensions and the process used in the plant, i.e. pH, water flow speed, air pressure, length and diameter of Chamber B. The skilled person is capable of adjusting this relationship in a particular plant according to the invention in order to obtain a good relationship between the two parameters.

[0033] In some embodiments, the plant according to any of the previous embodiments, where the plant is constructed to adjust the height of Chamber (A) (Figure 1) to allow the water surface level of chamber (B) to be at least 1 m such as between 1 and 10 meters above the surrounding water surface level. In some embodiments, the height of Chamber (A) (Figure 1) or the height (14) in Figure 2 and 3, is between 1 and 9 m, such as between 1 and 8 m, such as between 1 and 7 m, such as between 1 and 6 m, such as between 1 and 5 m, such as between 1 and 4 m, such as between 1 and 3 m, such as between 0,5 and 10 m, such as between 0,5 and 7,5 m such as between 0,5 and 5 m. Such a difference between the water surface in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) or (14) in Figure 2 and 3, and the level of surrounding water will ensure a sufficiently low pressure in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) or ((9) in Figure 2 and 3) to allow efficient degasification of the water in

[0034] Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3), and also allow efficient demineralization in

[0035] Chamber (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3), before the water enter

[0036] Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3).

[0037] In some embodiments, the plant according to the invention and to any of the preceding embodiments, has a water level in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) that allow having a sufficient surface level area in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) to allow efficient degasification before the water exit Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3). In some embodiments, the plant according to the invention and according to any of the preceding embodiments, pH in Chamber (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3) is raised by adding a base through an opening (4) (Figure 1 and (3a) in Figure 2 and 3) in Chamber (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3) or just before or simultaneously with the water flowing into the chamber. In some embodiments, the water in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) is neutralized by inlet of acid through inlet (5) (Figure 1 , and (8) in figure 2 and 3), in other embodiments, the water in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) is made acidic by inlet of acid through inlet (5) (Figure 1 , and (8) in figure 2 and 3), to facilitate formation of CO2 from inorganic carbon sources dissolved in the water, and thereby further degassing of CO2 from the water while it still is under vacuum or low pressure.

[0038] The plant according to any of the preceding embodiments may further comprise means (7) (Figure 1 , and (5) and (7) in Figures 2 and 3) for collecting precipitated minerals, for industrial purposes.

[0039] The plant according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the plant further comprises means (12) (Figure 1) for aeration of the exit water stream. If the plant is in waters that often suffer from lack of oxygen, it may be valuable to aerate the water before sending it back into those waters, why adding means (12) (Figure 1) for aerating the water is an optional embodiment. Useful means for aerating water exist in the art.

[0040] Where pH is acidic in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3), the plant according to any of the previous embodiments may further comprise means (6) (Figure 1, (11) in Figure 2 and 3) for neutralizing pH of the water in chamber (C) Figure 1 or in Chamber (B) (Figure 1, or (9) in Figures 2 and 3) just before entering Chamber (C) (Figure 1), but before exit into the surrounding waters.

[0041] Thus, in some embodiments, the present invention provides a plant which is a continuous flow system according to any of the previous embodiments, comprising an inflow and mineralization chamber (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3), a degasification chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3), and an outlet chamber (C) Figure 1 , wherein a. (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3) comprises an opening (1) at the base for water inflow, a means for collecting precipitated minerals (7) (Figure 1) (or (5) in Figure 2 and (5 and 7) in Figure 3), an opening (4) (Figure 1) (or (3a) in Figure 2 and 3) for inlet of a basic composition and an opening or means for adding mineralization seed particles (9) (Figure 1) (or (2) in Figure 2 and 3), and b. (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) comprises an air pump (2) (Figure 1) (or (10) in Figure 2 and 3) for removing CO2, and an inlet for acid (5) (Figure 1) (or (8) in Figure 2 and 3) and an inlet (6) (Figure 1) (or (11) in Figure 2 and 3) for a water neutralizing solution ((6) (Figure 1) may also be in Chamber (C) (Figure 1)) and where the air or vacuum pump optionally is attached or attachable to a means (11) (Figure 1) for collecting CO2 and where c. (C) (Figure 1) is attached to a water pump (3) (Figure 1) (or (12) in Figure 2 and 3) to create a water flow through the plant from (1) to the exit opening (8) (Figure 1) (or (13) in Figure 2 and 3) positioned in Chamber (C) and d. Optionally a means (12) (Figure 1) for water aeration placed preferably after (3) (Figure 1) before exit of the water.

[0042] In some embodiments, the shape of Chambers (A), (B) and (C) (Figure 1) are those of a continuous tube, in some embodiments the shape may be of other suitable nature. In any case, the skilled person will without undue burden be able to pick a suitable shape that will allow an efficient flow of water through the plant and allow for the precipitate to be collected in Chamber (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3), as well as allowing the CO2 to degas and be collected from Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3). In some embodiments, the three chambers may be made of low cost tubes made of plastic materials, in some embodiments the chambers may be built in concrete or other suitable material that can be made sufficiently tight to have a sufficiently low pressure in chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) to facilitate evaporation of CO2 from the water and to draw the water up into Chamber (B) by the air or vacuum pump (2) (Figure 1 , and (10) in Figures 2 and 3). In some embodiments, the “sufficiently low pressure in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3)” shows by bubbling of CO2 from the liquid in Chambers (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3) and (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3).

[0043] In some embodiments, the invention provides a method or process for precipitating minerals and extracting CO2 from water using the plant according to any one of the previous embodiments, comprising the steps of: a. Letting water into chamber (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3) by lowering air pressure in chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) and (C) by activating pump (2) (Figure 1, and (10) in Figures 2 and 3), starting water flow from inlet opening (1) (all figures) to exit opening (8) (Figure 1, and (13) in Figures 2 and 3), by activating pump (3) (Figure 1, and (12) in Figures 2 and 3). and b. Adjusting the pressure in chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) by adjusting activity of pump (2) (Figure 1, and (10) in Figures 2 and 3) so that the chamber is filled with water to a level to allow for as large a water to air surface as possible in the chamber, or to a level to allow for optimal degasification of the water. c. Stimulate mineral formation and alter the pH to reach the saturation point for minerals in the liquid in chamber (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3) to a level where the minerals precipitate e.g. by increasing pH in chamber (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3). d. Alter the saturation point for gasses in chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) e.g. by decreasing pH by inlet of acid through (5) (Figure 1 , and (8) in Figures 2 and 3) in chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) to a level to allow for degasification of the liquid. e. Optionally through inlet of a base through (6) (Figure 1 , and (11) in Figures 2 and 3) normalizing pH of the water in chamber (C) (Figure 1) before the water leaves the plant

[0044] The method or process according to the previous embodiment, wherein the pH is normalized in chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) and further reduced to be acidic in chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) in order to further increase CO2 formation and evaporation from the water in chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3). In some embodiments, pH is lowered down to not less than pH 4 in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3).

[0045] The method or process according to the previous embodiment wherein a basic composition is added through inlet (6) (Figure 1 , and (11) in Figures 2 and 3) to normalize pH before water leaves the plant. The optimal pH for degasification depend on surrounding temperature, water salinity and pressure in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3), however, the skilled person can visualize workable pH values by observing bubbling of CO2 from the water. The temperature of the water influence the amount of CO2 that may dissolve in the water, such that cold water can dissolve more CO2 than warm water. This is another parameter that influence the function of the plant of the invention, why the pressure in chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) may need to be adjusted when conditions shift in order to maintain degassing of the CO2 in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3). Adjusting pressure in Chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3) may be done by adjusting the height of Chamber (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3), as well as activity of the air or vacuum pump (2) (Figure 1) (or (10) in Figure 2 and 3).

[0046] The method or process according to any of the previous method or process embodiments, wherein

[0047] CO2 and / or other gasses are collected from the air or vacuum pump (2) (Figure 1) (or (10) in Figure 2 and 3) into the CO2 collecting means (11) (Figure 1) attached to chamber (B) (Figure 1) (or (9) in Figure 2 and 3).

[0048] The method or process according to any of the previous method or process embodiments, wherein the precipitated minerals are collected by the mineral collection means (7) (Figure 1) (or (5) in Figure 2 and (5 and 7) in Figure 3) from chamber (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3).

[0049] The method or process according to any of the preceding method or process embodiments, wherein the water exit stream is aerated before or when leaving the plant. When positioned in shallow waters or lakes where oxygen in the water is often low at certain times of the year, aerating the water before exiting the plant can be a huge benefit for the fauna as the water will be supplied with oxygenated water from the plant according to the invention.

[0050] The method or process according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein mineral formation seed particles are added through (9) (Figure 1) (or (2a) in Figure 2 and 3) in Chamber (A) (Figure 1) (or (4) in Figure 2 and (4 and 6) in Figure 3) to initiate or increase the mineralization process. Efficient mineralization cause more CO2 removal from the water, and more useful minerals to precipitate for collection by (7) (Figure 1) (or (5) in Figure 2 and (5 and 7) in Figure 3) and subsequent industrial use.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a continuous flow system as depicted in Figure 3, built to allow for a continuous stream of water through the system from the inlet opening (1) to the exit (or outlet opening) (13), the system comprising the following elements: a. (1) Water inlet, (2a) opening for addition of seed particles, (3a) opening for strong base injection, (3b) a second opening for strong base injection, (4) saturation zone and (eg. CaC03) mineralization zone, (5) means for collection of minerals (e.g. CaC03), (2b) a second opening for addition of seed particles, (3c) a third opening for strong base injection, (6) saturation zone and (e.g. MgCO3) mineralization zone, (7) means for collection of minerals (e.g. MgCO3), (8) opening for strong acid injection, (9) degasification Zone for CO2, (10) Vacuum pump, optionally (11) injection opening for pH neutralising solution, (12) Water pump, (13) Water outlet, and b. (14) a height difference of 0,5-10 m between the surrounding water surface and the water surface in the degasification zone for CO2 (9). In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a method for extracting CaCO3, MgCO3 and Mg(OH)2 and CO2 from water in a continuous flow system according to the previous embodiment, the method comprising the following steps: a. Create a continuous water flow through the system from the water inlet (1) to the exit (13) by activation of the pump (12) positioned before the exit (13) but positioned after the pH neutralization opening (11), or alternatively at least after the CO2 degasification zone (9). b. Add seed particles through the opening (2a), c. Inject strong base through the first opening (3a) and optionally through the second opening (3b) to adjust pH to reach the saturation point for CaC03 in the mineralization zone (4) or to the pH level where CaC03 precipitate, but below the pH where MgCO3 precipitate, d. Collect precipitated CaC03 in the means for mineral precipitate collection (5), e. Add seed particles in the second seed particle opening (2b) positioned after the saturation and CaC03 mineralization zone (4), f. Inject a strong base through the third opening (3c) positioned in the beginning of the saturation zone (6) and MgCO3 mineralization zone (6), to reach the saturation point for MgCO3 in the saturation and MgCO3 mineralization zone (6), g. Collect minerals (MgCO3 and Mg(OH)2) in the means for collection of mineral precipitate (7), h. Pull the water to the CO2 degasification zone (9), positioned 0,5-10 m above the level of the surrounding water, to create a low pressure and allow the CO2 to be released from the water in the CO2 degasification zone (9), i. Inject strong acid (HCL) through the opening (8) to neutralize pH in the water. j. Collect the CO2 released in the CO2 degasification zone by use of the pump (10) k. Optionally, if pH is not neutral when the water leave the CO2 degasification zone (9), then add neutralizing solution through the opening (11) to neutralize pH, l. Pump water out through the water outlet (13) by use of the water pump (12).

[0052] The process or method according to the previous embodiment, wherein the strong base added in steps c) and f) is NaOH.

[0053] The process according to the two previous embodiments, wherein the strong acid added in step i) is HCI.

[0054] The invention also provides for a plant suitable for use with the process according to the previous three embodiments. It is clear from the above, that the invention in some embodiments provides a plant or system for extraction of CaCO3 and CO2 from water, and in some embodiments, the plant or system is for extraction of CaCO3, MgCO3, Mg(OH)2 and CO2 from water. Methods and processes suitable for extracting these minerals as well as CO2 from water, using the plant or systems provided by the invention are also provided.

[0055] Embodiments

[0056] (1-23 is according to Figure 1, and embodiments 24-29 is according to Figure 3):

[0057] 1) A plant for extraction of CO2 and precipitation of minerals from water such as from seawater as depicted in figure 1 , comprising an inflow and mineralization Chamber (A), a degasification Chamber (B), and an outlet Chamber (C), wherein (A) comprises an opening (1) at the base for water inflow and optionally a further opening (4) for inlet of a basic composition, and (B) comprises an air pump (2) and a further optional inlet for acid (5) and (C) is attached to a water pump (3).

[0058] 2) The plant according to embodiment 1, wherein the air pump (2) is a vacuum pump (2) connected to Chamber (B), to create low pressure and remove CO2 emitted from the water.

[0059] 3) The plant according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein a means for collecting gas (11), such as CO2 from Chamber (B) is connected to the vacuum pump (2).

[0060] 4) The plant according to any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein (4) in chamber (A) is a means (4) to chemically or electrochemically alter the saturation point of the liquid for minerals and wherein (4) connect to Chamber (A) or is positioned in Chamber (A).

[0061] 5) The plant according to any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein Chamber (A) comprise a means for adding mineralization seed particles (9) to the water.

[0062] 6) The plant according to any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein further processes for mineral formation such as CaCCh are stimulated in Chamber (A).

[0063] 7) The plant according to any one of embodiments 1-6, wherein the pH Is increased in Chamber (A). ) The plant according to any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein chamber (B) further comprises or connect to a means (5) that chemically or electrochemically alter the saturation point for gases such as CO2 by lowering the pH. ) The plant according to any of embodiments 1-8, wherein Chamber (A) has a height to allow the water surface level of Chamber (B) to be at least 1 m such as between 1 and 10 meters above the surrounding water surface level. 0) The plant according to any of embodiments 1-9, wherein Chamber (B) has a sufficient area to allow degasification before the water exit the chamber. 1) The plant according to embodiment 1 - 10, wherein the base is added through an opening (4) in Chamber (A) or just before or simultaneously with the water flowing into the chamber. 2) The plant according to any of embodiments 1-11 , wherein the acid is added through an opening (5) in Chamber (B) 3) The plant according to any of embodiments 1-12, wherein the plant further comprises means (7) for collecting precipitated minerals. 4) The plant according to any of embodiments 1-13, wherein the plant further comprises means for aeration (12) of the exit water stream. 5) The plant according to any of embodiments 1-14, wherein the plant further comprises means (6) for neutralizing pH of the liquid in Chamber (C) before exit into the surrounding waters. 6) The plant according to any of embodiments 1-15, comprising an inflow and mineralization chamber (A), a degasification Chamber (B), and an outlet Chamber (C), wherein a. Chamber (A) comprises an opening (1) at the base for water inflow, a means for collecting precipitated minerals (7), an opening (4) for inlet of a basic composition and an opening or means for adding mineralization seed particles (9), and b. Chamber (B) comprises an air pump (2) for creating low pressure and draw water up into (B), and an inlet for acid (5) and an inlet (6) for a water neutralizing solution ((6) may also be in Chamber (C)) and where the air or vacuum pump is attached or attachable to a means (11) for collecting CO2 and where c. Chamber (C) is attached to a water pump (3) to create a water flow through the plant from (1) to the exit opening (8) positioned in Chamber (C) and d. Optionally a means (12) for water aeration placed preferably after (3) before exit of the water. ) A method for precipitating minerals and extracting CO2 from water using the plant according to any one of embodiments 1-11, comprising the steps of: a. Letting water into Chamber (A) by lowering air pressure in Chamber (B) and Chamber (C) by activating pump (2), starting water flow from inlet opening (1) to exit opening (8) by activating pump (3) and b. Adjusting the pressure in chamber (B) by adjusting activity of pump (2) so that the chamber fills with water to a level to allow for as large a water to air surface as possible in the chamber, or to a level to allow for optimal degasification of the water. c. Stimulate mineral formation and alter the saturation point for minerals in the liquid in Chamber (A) to a level where the minerals precipitate e.g. by increasing pH in Chamber (A). d. Alter the saturation point for gasses in chamber (B) e.g. by decreasing pH by inlet of acid through (5) in Chamber (B) to a level to allow for degasification of the liquid. e. Optionally through inlet of a base through (6) normalizing pH of the water in Chamber (C) before the water leaves the plant ) The method according to embodiment 17, wherein the pH is normalized in chamber (B) and further reduced to be acidic in Chamber (B) by inlet of acid through (5), to increase CO2 formation and evaporation from the water in Chamber (B). ) The method according to embodiment 17-18, wherein the pH is normalized before leaving the plant by inlet of a neutralizing solution through (6). ) The method according to any of embodiments 17-19, wherein CO2 and / or other gasses are collected from the vacuum pump in Chamber (B) and stored in the CO2 collection means (11). 21) The method according to any of embodiments 17-20, wherein the precipitated minerals are collected from Chamber (A) by (7).

[0064] 22) The method according to any of embodiments 17-21 , wherein the water exit stream is aerated before or when leaving the plant.

[0065] 23) The method according to any of embodiments 17-22, wherein mineral formation seed particles are added in Chamber (A) to initiate or increase the mineralization process.

[0066] 24) A continuous flow system as depicted in figure 3, built to allow for a continuous stream of water through the system from the inlet opening (1) to the exit (or outlet opening) (13), the system comprising the following elements: a. (1) Water inlet, (2a) opening for addition of seed particles, (3a) opening for strong base injection, (3b) a second opening for strong base injection, (4) saturation zone and (eg. CaCO3) mineralization zone, (5) means for collection of minerals (e.g. CaCO3), (2b) a second opening for addition of seed particles, (3c) a third opening for strong base injection, (6) saturation zone and (e.g. MgCO3) mineralization zone, (7) means for collection of minerals (e.g. MgCO3), (8) opening for strong acid injection, (9) degasification Zone for CO2, (10) Vacuum pump, optionally (11) injection opening for pH neutralising solution, (12) Water pump, (13) Water outlet, and b. (14) a height difference of 0,5-10 m between the surrounding water surface and the water surface in the degasification zone for CO2 (9). ) A method for extracting minerals and CO2 from water in a continuous flow system according to the previous embodiment, the method comprising the following steps: a. Create a continuous water flow through the system from the water inlet (1) to the exit (13) by activation of the pump (12) positioned before the exit (13) but positioned after the pH neutralisation opening (11), or alternatively at least after the CO2 degasification zone (9). b. Add seed particles through the opening (2a), c. Inject strong base through the first opening (3a) and optionally through the second opening (3b) to adjust pH to reach the saturation point for CaCO3 in the mineralization zone (4) or to the pH level where CaCO3 precipitate, but below the pH where MgCO3 precipitate, d. Collect precipitated CaCO3 in the means for mineral precipitate collection (5), e. Add seed particles in the second seed particle opening (2b) positioned after the saturation and CaCO3 mineralization zone (4), f. Inject a strong base through the second opening (3c) positioned in the beginning of the saturation zone (6) and MgCO3 mineralization zone (6), to reach the saturation point for MgCO3 in the saturation and MgCO3 mineralization zone (6), g. Collect minerals (MgCO3 and Mg(OH)2) in the means for collection of mineral precipitate (7), h. Pull the water to the CO2 degasification zone (9), positioned 0,5-10 m above the level of the surrounding water, to create a low pressure and allow the CO2 to be released from the water in the CO2 degasification zone (9), i. Inject strong acid (HCL) through the opening (8) to neutralize pH in the water. j. Collect the CO2 released in the CO2 degasification zone by use of the pump (10) k. Optionally, if pH is not neutral when the water leave the CO2 degasification zone (9), then add neutralizing solution through the opening (11) to neutralize pH, l. Pump water out through the water outlet (13) by use of the water pump (12).

[0067] 26) The process or method according to the previous embodiment, wherein the strong base added in steps c) and f) is NaOH.

[0068] 27) The process according to embodiment 25 and 26, wherein the strong acid added in step i) is HCI.

[0069] 28) The process according to any of embodiments 25-27, wherein the pH in (4) is in the range of pH 8, 5-9, 5

[0070] 29) The process according to any of embodiments 25-28, wherein the pH in (6) is in the range of pH 9,5-10,5

[0071] The numbering to indicate elements in all claims below are according to Figures 2 and 3.

Claims

Claims1) A plant according to Figure 2 for extraction of CO2 and precipitation of minerals from water such as from seawater, which is a continuous flow system, comprising an inflow and mineralization zone (4), a degasification zone (9), and an outlet zone (18), wherein (4) comprises an opening (1) at the base for water inflow and optionally a further opening (3a) for inlet of a basic composition, and (9) comprises an air pump (10) and a further optional inlet for acid (8) and (18) is attached to a water pump (12).2) The plant according to claim 1 , wherein (10) is a vacuum pump connected to (9).3) The plant according to any of claims 1-2, wherein (4) has a height to allow the water surface level in (9) to be at least 0,5 m such as between 0,5 and 10 meters above the surrounding water surface level.4) The plant according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the plant further comprises means (7) for collecting precipitated minerals.5) The plant according to any of claims 1-4, comprising an inflow and mineralization chamber (4), a degasification Chamber (9), and an outlet Chamber (18), wherein a. (4) comprises an opening (1) at the base for water inflow, a means for collecting precipitated minerals (7), an opening (3a) for inlet of a basic composition and an opening or means for adding mineralization seed particles (2a), and b. (9) comprises an air pump (10) for removing CO2 from (9), and an inlet for acid (8) and an inlet (11) for a water neutralizing solution ((11) may also be positioned in (18)) and where (10) is attached or attachable to a means (11) for collecting CO2 and where c. (18) is attached to a water pump (12) to create a water flow through the plant from (1) to the exit opening (13) positioned in (18) and d. Optionally a means (15) for water aeration placed preferably after (12) but before exit of the water.6) A continuous flow system according to the previous claims, but comprising means for precipitation of a further mineral, the system as depicted in figure 3, built to allow for acontinuous stream of water through the system from the inlet opening (1) to the exit (or outlet opening) (13), the system comprising the following elements: a. (1) Water inlet, (2a) opening for addition of seed particles, (3a) opening for strong base injection, (3b) a second opening for strong base injection, (4) saturation zone and (eg. CaC03) mineralization zone, (5) means for collection of minerals (e.g. CaC03), (2b) a second opening for addition of seed particles, (3c) a third opening for strong base injection, (6) saturation zone and (e.g. MgCO3) mineralization zone, (7) means for collection of minerals (e.g. MgCO3), (8) opening for strong acid injection, (9) degasification Zone for CO2, (10) Vacuum pump, optionally (11) injection opening for pH neutralising solution, (12) Water pump, (13) Water outlet, and b. (14) a height difference of 0,5-10 m between the surrounding water surface and the water surface in the degasification zone for CO2 (9).7) A method for precipitating minerals and extracting CO2 from water using the plant according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of: a. Pulling water from inlet opening (1) to exit opening (8) by activating pump (12) and b. Stimulate mineral precipitation in (4) by raising pH to reach above the saturation point for CaCO3 and c. Alter the saturation point for gasses in (9) e.g. by decreasing pH by inlet of acid through (8) in (9) to a level allowing for degasification of the liquid. d. Optionally through inlet of a base through (11) normalizing pH of the water in (18) before the water leaves the plant8) The method according to claim 7, wherein the pH is normalized in (9) and further reduced to be acidic in Chamber (9) by inlet of acid through (8), in order to further increase CO2 formation and evaporation from the water in (9).9) The method according to claim 8, wherein the pH of the water is normalized before leaving the plant by inlet of a neutralizing solution through (11).10) The method according to any of claims 7-9, wherein CO2 and / or other gasses are collected from (9) by the vacuum pump (10) and stored in the CO2 collection means (17).11) The method according to any of claims 7-10, wherein the precipitated minerals are collected from (4) by (5).12) A method for extracting minerals and CO2 from water in a continuous flow system according to claim 6, the method comprising the following steps: a. Create a continuous water flow through the system from the water inlet (1) to the exit (13) by activation of the pump (12) positioned before the exit (13) but positioned after the pH neutralisation opening (11), or alternatively at least after the CO2 degasification zone (9). b. Add seed particles through the opening (2a), c. Inject strong base through the first opening (3a) and optionally through the second opening (3b) to adjust pH to reach the saturation point for CaCO3 in the mineralization zone (4) or to the pH level where CaCO3 precipitate, but below the pH where MgCO3 precipitate, d. Collect precipitated CaCO3 in the means for mineral precipitate collection (5), e. Add seed particles in the second seed particle opening (2b) positioned after the saturation and CaCO3 mineralization zone (4), f. Inject a strong base through the third opening (3c) positioned in the beginning of the saturation zone (6) and MgCO3 mineralization zone (6), to reach the saturation point for MgCO3 in the saturation and MgCO3 mineralization zone (6), g. Collect minerals (MgCO3 and Mg(OH)2) in the means for collection of mineral precipitate (7), h. Pull the water to the CO2 degasification zone (9), positioned 0,5-10 m above the level of the surrounding water, to create a low pressure and allow the CO2 to be released from the water in the CO2 degasification zone (9), i. Inject strong acid (HCL) through the opening (8) to neutralize pH in the water. j. Collect the CO2 released in the CO2 degasification zone by use of the pump (10) k. Optionally, if pH is not neutral when the water leave the CO2 degasification zone (9), then add neutralizing solution through the opening (11) to neutralize pH, l. Pump water out through the water outlet (13) by use of the water pump (12).13) The process or method according to the previous embodiment, wherein the strong base added in steps c) and f) is NaOH.14) The process according to embodiment 25 and 26, wherein the strong acid added in step i) is HCI.15) The process according to any of embodiments 25-27, wherein the pH in (4) is in the range of pH 8, 5-9, 516) The process according to any of embodiments 25-28, wherein the pH in (6) is in the range of pH 9,5-10,5

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