Lubricating oil system for pressurised lubrication a torque-transmitting coupling of a transmission

Abstract

The invention relates to a lubricating oil system (26) for the pressurised lubrication of a torque-transmitting coupling (42) of a transmission having a fixed transmission housing (30), wherein the transmission housing (30) has a supply channel (28) for supplying a pressurised lubricating oil, a first transmission component (32) rotatable relative to the transmission housing (30), wherein the first transmission component (32) has a supply channel (38) in fluidic communication with the supply channel (28) via a gap seal (36) for receiving the lubricating oil supplied via the supply channel (28) and gap seal (36), and a second transmission component (44) coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to the first transmission component via the coupling (42), wherein the supply channel (38) is designed to guide the lubricating oil to the coupling (42), wherein the transmission housing (30) has at least one return flow channel (46) in fluidic communication with the gap seal (32) for gravity-driven discharge of the lubricating oil out of the gap seal (32). As a result of the return flow channel (46), damage caused by wearing particles is avoided and a long service life of a pressure-lubricated transmission is facilitated.

Description

[0001] Lubricating oil system for pressure lubrication of a torque-transmitting clutch of a gearbox

[0002] Description

[0003] The invention relates to a lubricating oil system for pressure lubrication of a torque-transmitting clutch of a transmission. The invention further relates to a transmission, in particular a wind turbine transmission and an industrial transmission, with such a lubricating oil system, as well as to a data agglomerate for manufacturing and simulating such devices.

[0004] From WO 2015 / 032591 A1 and from US 2018 / 0274663 A1, a lubricating oil system is known in which a lubricating oil for the pressure lubrication of a toothed coupling formed between two gear components of different gear stages of a wind gearbox for a wind turbine can be pumped through a stationary gearbox housing and a gap seal formed between the gearbox housing and a rotating gearbox component into an oil guide channel formed in the gearbox component and leading to the toothed coupling.

[0005] From DE 10 2015 216 369 A1 a lubricating oil system for lubricating a toothed coupling between a sun shaft and a planet carrier of a planetary stage of a wind gearbox for a wind turbine is known, in which a lubricating oil is transferred from a stationary housing via a gap seal to a stop ring screwed to the planet carrier and leading to the toothed coupling.

[0006] There is a constant need to increase the service life of pressure-lubricated gearboxes.

[0007] The object of the invention is to show measures that enable a long service life of a pressure-lubricated gearbox.

[0008] The object is achieved by a lubricating oil system having the features of claim 1, a gearbox having the features of claim 12, a wind gearbox having the features of claim 13, an industrial gearbox having the features of claim 14, and a data agglomerate having the features of claim 15. Preferred embodiments are specified in the subclaims and the following description, which can each individually or in combination represent an aspect of the invention, wherein the scope of protection is determined by the claims. If a feature is presented in combination with another feature, this only serves to simplify the representation of the invention and is in no way intended to imply that this feature cannot also be a further development of the invention without the other feature.

[0009] One aspect of the invention relates to a lubricating oil system for pressure lubrication of a torque-transmitting clutch of a transmission, comprising a stationary transmission housing, wherein the transmission housing has a supply channel for supplying a pressurized lubricating oil, a first transmission component rotatable relative to the transmission housing, wherein the first transmission component has a supply channel fluidically communicating with the supply channel via a gap seal for receiving the lubricating oil supplied via the supply channel and the gap seal, and a second transmission component coupled to the first transmission component via the clutch in a torque-transmitting manner, wherein the supply channel is designed to guide the lubricating oil to the clutch, wherein the transmission housing has at least one return flow channel fluidly communicating with the gap seal for gravity-driven removal of the lubricating oil from the gap seal.

[0010] If, for example, with the aid of an oil pump, the lubricating oil is pressurized and fed to the supply channel at a sufficiently high delivery pressure, the gap seal provides such a high flow resistance that almost the entire oil mass flow from the supply channel of the stationary transmission housing can be transferred to the supply channel in the rotatable first transmission component. Leakage of the lubricating oil via the gap seal is generally negligible. The pressurized lubricating oil can leave the supply channel near the torque-transmitting coupling, which is designed in particular as a gear coupling, and flow through the torque-transmitting coupling for the purpose of lubrication between the first transmission component and the second transmission component in the torque-transmitting coupling.After passing through the torque-transmitting coupling, the lubricating oil escaping from the torque-transmitting coupling can be collected and fed into an oil sump, from which the oil pump can pump the lubricating oil back into the supply channel. If abrasion or other contamination of the lubricating oil should occur in the torque-transmitting coupling due to unavoidable wear, the abrasion can be flushed out of the torque-transmitting coupling by the pressurized lubricating oil and deposited at the bottom of the oil sump. Suction of the abrasion deposited at the bottom by the pump can easily be prevented by appropriately shaping the oil sump, arranging an oil pump intake opening in the oil sump, and / or using suitable filter technology.Despite wear occurring in the torque-transmitting clutch, damage to other pressure-lubricated components caused by wear particles from the torque-transmitting clutch is reliably avoided during normal, intended operation. However, it has been recognized that situations can repeatedly arise during transmission operation in which the lubricating oil is not pressurized or is not sufficiently pressurized. For example, when the transmission is at a standstill and / or during spin and / or drag operation, the power diverted from the transmission to operate the oil pump may be insufficient to build up the desired delivery pressure for the lubricating oil.This could lead to an oil mass flow from the torque-transmitting coupling to the gap seal, in the opposite direction to the designated flow direction, in particular if the oil mass flow is driven by gravity from the radial inside via the supply channel to the radial outside to the gap seal. This can cause hydrostatic pressure to build up at the inlet of the supply channel facing the gap seal and across the extent of the supply channel, forcing the lubricating oil into the gap seal. In this case, it is possible that wear particles from the torque-transmitting coupling, together with a leakage flow of lubricating oil, can pass through the gap seal and reach volumes of the gearbox beyond the gap seal, where the wear particles can cause damage and reduce the service life of the gearbox.

[0011] However, through the return flow channel that fluidically communicates with the gap seal, such a leakage flow of lubricating oil laden with wear particles from the torque-transmitting clutch can be removed from the gap seal before the wear particles from the leakage flow of lubricating oil can reach a location that is detrimental to the service life of the transmission. A gravity effect in the return flow channel is sufficient to remove the leakage flow, so that an active build-up of delivery pressure, for example with the help of a pump, is not necessary. Instead, it is sufficient to have the return flow channel open into the gap seal at a point where gravity-driven drainage of accumulated lubricating oil can take place without the need for an external energy supply. The manufacturing effort required to create a suitable return flow channel is very low and, at most, only associated with minimal costs.Lubricating oil seeping from the feed channel and / or supply channel into the gap seal can be drained via the return channel before the lubricating oil can pass through the gap seal over its entire axial extent. The return channel of the lubricating oil system allows lubricating oil contaminated with wear particles from the torque-transmitting coupling to be drained by gravity in operating situations with excessively low delivery pressure, thus preventing damage caused by wear particles and ensuring a long service life of a pressure-lubricated gearbox.

[0012] The torque-transmitting coupling can be designed, in particular, as a gear coupling. A torque-transmitting coupling between the first transmission component and the second transmission component can be created by the engagement of an internal toothing with an external toothing or other intermeshing, positively engaging contours. During assembly and manufacture of the torque-transmitting coupling, an axial relative movement occurs between the first transmission component and the second transmission component. During assembly, it is possible that, as a result of the axial relative movement in the circumferential direction, contact surfaces that abut one another slide against each other, subject to wear, and the resulting abrasion can cause wear particles to be present in the torque-transmitting coupling.There may be play in the axial direction and / or in the circumferential direction within the torque-transmitting coupling, which can lead to wear effects, particularly during load changes, although the wear can at least be significantly reduced by the supplied lubricating oil.

[0013] The transmission can have at least one gear stage, wherein preferably at least two, at least three or at least four gear stages are provided. The respective gear stage can be formed by a planetary gear or a spur gear. The respective gear stage is in particular installed in the same, possibly multi-part, gear housing, wherein preferably a fixed ring gear of a gear stage designed as a planetary gear can form part of the gear housing and / or part of an outer skin of the gear housing. Preferably, the

[0014] Lubricating oil system formed with the aid of two gear stages following in the torque direction of the transmission, wherein with a correspondingly large number of gear stages it is possible to provide more than one lubricating oil system according to the invention in the transmission, wherein the respective lubricating oil systems can be designed as separate and functionally separate units or as fluidically communicating units which preferably share the same oil pump.

[0015] In the system under consideration, the gearbox housing is a stationary and non-rotating component in which the gear stages of the gearbox can be housed and supported. For example, the gearbox housing has a division in a horizontal plane and / or in a radial plane in order to make a volume enclosed in the gearbox housing accessible. The gearbox housing can in particular be fastened to a base, for example a foundation, or to a machine support in a nacelle of a wind turbine. The gearbox housing can in particular form an oil sump in which the lubricating oil for the lubricating oil system can be collected and, if necessary, cooled. From this oil sump, the oil pump can pump the lubricating oil into the feed channel at the desired delivery pressure.

[0016] The oil pump, with the help of which the pressurized lubricating oil can be pumped into the supply channel, is preferably mechanically coupled to the gearbox of the lubricating oil system, so that the delivery capacity for operating the oil pump can be diverted from the power flow of the gearbox.

[0017] The first transmission component and the second transmission component can in particular be a functional component of a transmission stage designed as a planetary gear or spur gear. The first transmission component and the second transmission component are in particular each part of different transmission stages, wherein it is fundamentally possible for the first transmission component and the second transmission component to be part of the same transmission stage. Preferably, the first transmission component is a hub of a planetary carrier of a transmission stage that follows in the torque flow and is designed as a planetary gear, while the second transmission component is a sun shaft of a transmission stage that precedes in the torque flow and is designed as a planetary gear, or vice versa. The first transmission component and / or the second transmission component is in particular designed as a hollow shaft, at least in an axial partial region.

[0018] The gap seal between the gearbox housing and the first gearbox component can be designed as a non-contact seal with an annular gap that is closed in the circumferential direction and extends in the axial direction, wherein the radial play provided by the annular gap is dimensioned such that, given the expected material properties of the lubricating oil, the axial extent of the gap seal and the geometry of the feed channel and the supply channel, a sufficient sealing effect is achieved, which at most only allows a small and, to this extent, acceptable leakage flow during normal intended operation.

[0019] The feed channel can begin at a surface of the gearbox housing which, in particular, faces an internal volume of the gearbox housing. For example, the gearbox housing has a web projecting radially inward, with the aid of which, for example, the first gearbox component and / or the second gearbox component is to be mounted directly or indirectly, such that the web forms a surface with a portion facing in the axial direction, at which the feed channel can begin. At its end, the feed channel can open into the annular gap of the gap seal and end there. The feed channel can be composed of several separate sections, each produced separately, for example by drilling, although it is also possible to produce the entire feed channel from its beginning to its end in just a single manufacturing step.If necessary, a further channel can branch off from the supply channel to at least one other lubrication point, so that the mass flow of the lubricating oil can be divided and branched into two or more channel sections. The supply channel can begin on an outer surface of the first transmission component facing the gap seal and end near the torque-transmitting clutch, in particular from the radial outside and / or from an axial end of the torque-transmitting clutch, so that the lubricating oil can flow from the supply channel into the torque-transmitting clutch. Preferably, a plurality of supply channels are provided, for example, arranged in a star shape in a common axial region. Additionally or alternatively, a plurality of supply channels can be provided next to one another in the axial direction. The plurality of supply channels can even out and improve lubrication in the torque-transmitting clutch.In particular, the delivery pressure of the pressurized lubricating oil is dimensioned sufficiently high to at least compensate for centrifugal force effects on the lubricating oil in the supply channel within the speed range expected during normal operation. The delivery pressure of the pressurized lubricating oil can be significantly greater than any counterpressure caused by centrifugal force.

[0020] The return flow channel can begin on an inner side of the transmission housing facing the gap seal and lead directly or indirectly to a region lower in the direction of gravity, in particular an oil sump formed by the transmission housing. Preferably, the lubricating oil discharged via the return flow channel can be passed through a filter so that wear particles contained in the lubricating oil of the return flow channel can be filtered out, and the thus filtered lubricating oil can be reused for the lubricating oil system. Preferably, the return flow channel runs from the gap seal onwards exclusively, at least partially, in the direction of gravity.

[0021] The gravity-driven removal of the lubricating oil can be achieved by the weight of the lubricating oil and the resulting hydrostatic pressure. Particularly when the gearbox is stationary or at a correspondingly low speed, there are no centrifugal forces, or at least not sufficiently high ones, that can sufficiently counteract the gravity-driven removal of the lubricating oil. Particularly when the gearbox is stationary or at a correspondingly low speed, the drive power supplied to the oil pump may not be high enough for the delivery pressure built up by the oil pump to sufficiently counteract the gravity-driven removal of the lubricating oil.

[0022] In particular, the at least one return flow channel opens into the gap seal at an axial offset from the supply channel. Leakage of lubricating oil via the return flow channel can be prevented during normal operation by the sealing effect of the gap seal. Discharge of lubricating oil via the return flow channel thus only occurs when an operating situation exists in which the lubricating oil can even pass through a sufficiently long axial distance of the gap seal. It is assumed that the delivery pressure of the pressurized lubricating oil during the transfer of the lubricating oil from the supply channel to the supply channel can be so high that suction jet effects occur in the gap seal.These suction jet effects, as the lubricating oil flows past the axial edges of the gap seal facing the feed and supply channels, create a vacuum in the annular gap of the gap seal. As a result, any lubricating oil that has crept into the annular gap of the gap seal can be sucked out of the annular gap, even against any capillary forces that may be present. If the delivery pressure of the pressurized lubricating oil is so low that this suction jet effect no longer occurs, the delivery pressure is also so low that there is a risk of lubricating oil flowing back into the annular gap and contaminated with wear particles. This can, however, be removed in a timely manner through the axially offset return channel.Particularly preferably, at least one return flow channel to the feed channel and to the supply channel is provided in one axial direction and at least one other return flow channel to the feed channel and to the supply channel is provided offset in the opposite axial direction. The first transmission component preferably has a groove that fluidically communicates with the gap seal, wherein the return flow channel fluidically communicates indirectly with the gap seal via the groove and, due to the groove, a gap depth of the gap seal in the radial direction is greater in an axial region occupied by the groove than in axial regions of the gap seal adjoining the axial region of the groove. The gap depth of the groove in the radial direction and the gap width of the groove in the axial direction can be selected to be large enough that lubricating oil that has crept into the gap seal can be collected in the groove and discharged via the return flow channel that is fluidically connected to the groove.The groove can be designed to be closed in the circumferential direction. However, it is also possible for the groove to extend only partially in the circumferential direction, provided that part of the groove is fluidically connected to the return channel and preferably also encompasses the lowest circumferential point in the direction of gravity. In particular, if the first transmission component automatically assumes a defined zero position in the circumferential direction when the transmission is at a standstill, a groove that extends only partially in the circumferential direction may be sufficient.

[0023] Particularly preferably, the transmission housing has at least one lubrication channel fluidically connected to the supply channel for lubricating at least one lubricating oil consumer, wherein in particular the lubricating oil consumer communicates fluidly with the gap seal. With the aid of the lubrication channel branching off from the supply channel, a portion of the pressurized lubricating oil can be directed to the lubricating oil consumer, for example a bearing to be lubricated, instead of to the torque-transmitting clutch. The bearing can in particular be a rolling bearing or a plain bearing. Lubrication of the lubricating oil consumer by means of a leakage flow via the gap seal can be avoided. Instead, the mass flow of lubricating oil to the lubricating oil consumer can be precisely specified via the geometry of the lubrication channel, knowing the expected delivery pressure and the geometry of the supply channel.In addition to or as an alternative to the lubrication channel, the transmission housing can have an additional lubrication channel that leads to a lubrication oil consumer fluidically separated from the supply channel. The additional lubrication channel is preferably supplied with lubricating oil by the same lubrication oil pump as the supply channel. This allows the supply channel and the additional lubrication channel to be dimensioned independently of each other, so that effects on the mass flow in one channel have essentially no influence on the mass flow in the other channel.

[0024] In particular, the return flow channel opens into the gap seal in the axial direction between the supply channel and the lubricating oil consumer. This protects the lubricating oil consumer from contamination with wear particles in a leakage flow from the supply channel via the gap seal to the lubricating oil consumer, since the wear particles contaminated

[0025] Lubricating oil flow can be drained away via the return channel beforehand and does not reach the lubricating oil consumer at all.

[0026] Preferably, the lubricating oil consumer is designed as a pressure-lubricated bearing for supporting the first transmission component on the transmission housing. The bearing can, in particular, be a rolling bearing or a plain bearing. For example, the gap seal terminates in both axial directions at a bearing, in particular an angular contact roller bearing, by means of which the first transmission component is mounted on the transmission housing. Damage to the (plain) bearing surfaces by wear particles from the torque-transmitting clutch is prevented by the return flow channel.

[0027] Particularly preferably, the clutch, on an output side of the torque-transmitting clutch facing away from the supply channel, and the return channel are in fluid communication with an oil sump. Regardless of whether the lubricating oil flows via the torque-transmitting clutch during regular operation or via the return channel during operation with insufficient delivery pressure, the lubricating oil can be collected in the oil sump and reused from there. The mass transport of the lubricating oil from the torque-transmitting clutch and from the return channel to the oil sump can be gravity-driven. For example, lubricating oil can drip off the output side of the torque-transmitting clutch and be guided from a collecting basin to the oil sump, provided that the collecting basin is not already the oil sump itself.The return flow channel can, for example, lead into a discharge channel leading to the oil sump, provided that the return flow channel does not already flow into the oil sump itself.

[0028] In particular, the return channel opens into the gap seal at the lowest point on the circumference of the first transmission component, in the direction of gravity. This prevents residual lubricating oil from remaining in the gap seal. Furthermore, it makes it possible to maximize the hydrostatic pressure in the return channel.

[0029] Preferably, an annular groove is formed between the feed channel and the supply channel, fluidically communicating with the gap seal and extending in a closed circumferential direction, for transferring the lubricating oil between the feed channel and the supply channel in the first transmission component or in the transmission housing. The annular groove can compensate for a circumferential offset of the supply channel, which rotates with the first transmission component, from the stationary feed channel in the transmission housing. The supply channel can thus be supplied with lubricating oil at an approximately equal or at least uniform delivery pressure and mass flow, thereby avoiding or at least reducing pressure pulsations and vibrations.

[0030] Particularly preferably, the first transmission component is configured as a first shaft of a first transmission stage that is rotatable about a main rotational axis, wherein the second transmission component is configured as a second shaft that is rotatable about the main rotational axis, wherein the second shaft is preferably part of a transmission stage that is different from the first transmission stage or part of the first transmission stage. This facilitates the configuration of the torque-transmitting coupling between the first transmission component and the second transmission component as a toothed coupling.

[0031] In particular, it is intended that the coupling, in the unloaded state, generally permits at least limited and wear-prone relative movement of the first transmission component to the second transmission component in the axial direction and / or in the circumferential direction. At least during assembly, and possibly also during load changes during operation, the wear-prone relative movement can be permitted, since any abrasion particles that occur are either directly flushed away by the mass flow of lubricating oil during normal operation or, if the delivery pressure is insufficient, can be discharged via the return flow channel. This makes it possible to provide a cost-effective torque-transmitting coupling that only needs to meet lower material requirements without impairing the service life of the transmission due to wear.

[0032] A further aspect relates to a transmission for converting a torque and / or a rotational speed, having at least one gear stage and a lubricating oil system, which can be designed and further developed as described above, for pressure lubrication of the at least one gear stage, wherein preferably the at least one gear stage is designed as a planetary transmission and more preferably a planetary gear is lubricated with pressurized lubricating oil via a planetary channel, wherein in particular the planetary channel communicates fluidically with the feed channel indirectly via the supply channel or bypassing the supply channel. The pressurized lubricating oil fed into the feed channel can also be used to lubricate the at least one planetary gear rotatably mounted on a planet carrier.In principle, there is the freedom to design the fluidic connection of the planetary channel in such a way that lubricating oil is diverted from the feed channel or from the supply channel to the planetary channel. The gearbox can be designed and developed in particular as described above. With the help of the return channel of the lubricating oil system, lubricating oil contaminated with wear particles from the torque-transmitting clutch can be drained away by gravity in operating situations with excessively low delivery pressure, thus preventing damage caused by wear particles and enabling a long service life of a pressure-lubricated gearbox.

[0033] A further aspect relates to a wind gearbox for a wind turbine with a lubricating oil system, which can be designed and further developed as described above, for pressure lubrication and / or a gearbox, which can be designed and further developed as described above, for converting a torque and / or a rotational speed, wherein in particular an input clutch for coupling a wind rotor shaft provided for introducing a wind power-generated torque and / or an output clutch for coupling a generator provided for industrial power generation is / are provided. The wind gearbox can in particular be designed and further developed as described above. The wind gearbox can be dimensioned for industrial power generation and can be designed to be correspondingly large, stable, and heavy.With the help of the return flow channel of the lubricating oil system, lubricating oil contaminated with wear particles from the torque-transmitting coupling can be drained away by gravity in operating situations with an excessively low delivery pressure, thus preventing damage caused by wear particles and enabling a long service life of a pressure-lubricated wind gearbox.

[0034] The wind turbine is designed, in particular, as an industrial wind turbine. Industrial wind turbines are primarily designed to generate energy from wind power, whereby the electrical energy generated from wind power can be fed into a public power grid in particular to supply energy consumers with renewable energy. A wind turbine gearbox designed for an industrial wind turbine is designed, in particular, for an output of over 1.0 MW, preferably over 5.0 MW, and particularly preferably over 7.5 MW, and is accordingly robust and large-volume.A further aspect of the invention relates to a drive train for a wind turbine, comprising a rotor shaft connectable to a wind-powered rotor, a motor shaft of an electric machine operable in generator mode, and a transmission connecting the rotor shaft to the motor shaft in a torque-transmitting manner. The transmission can be configured and further developed, in particular, as described above, for converting a torque and a rotational speed. The drive train can be configured and further developed, in particular, as described above, wherein the drive train is designed and dimensioned, in particular, for use in an industrial wind turbine.With the help of the return flow channel of the lubricating oil system, lubricating oil contaminated with wear particles from the torque-transmitting clutch can be drained away by gravity in operating situations with an excessively low delivery pressure, thus preventing damage caused by wear particles and enabling a long service life of a pressure-lubricated drive train.

[0035] A further aspect of the invention relates to a wind turbine for generating electrical energy from wind power, comprising a rotor for providing a torque from wind energy, a transmission coupled to the rotor, which can be designed and developed in particular as described above, for converting the torque, and a generator for generating electrical energy from the torque introduced by the transmission. The wind turbine can be designed and developed in particular as described above. Preferably, the wind turbine has a drive train, which can be designed and developed as described above.With the help of the return flow channel of the lubricating oil system, lubricating oil contaminated with wear particles from the torque-transmitting coupling can be drained by gravity in operating situations with an excessively low delivery pressure, thus avoiding damage caused by wear particles and enabling a long service life of a pressure-lubricated wind turbine. A further aspect relates to an industrial gearbox for an industrial application, comprising a lubricating oil system, which can be designed and further developed as described above, for pressure lubrication and / or a gearbox, which can be designed and further developed as described above, for converting a torque and / or a rotational speed, wherein in particular an input clutch is / are provided for coupling a drive motor provided for introducing drive power and / or an output clutch is / are provided for coupling a mechanical working medium.The industrial gearbox can be designed and developed, in particular, as described above. The industrial gearbox can be dimensioned for power conversion in industrial applications characterized in particular by extremely high power and / or torque transmission requirements, and can be designed to be correspondingly large, stable, and heavy. With the help of the return flow channel of the lubricating oil system, lubricating oil contaminated with wear particles from the torque-transmitting clutch can be drained by gravity in operating situations with excessively low delivery pressure, thus preventing damage caused by wear particles and enabling a long service life of a pressure-lubricated industrial gearbox.

[0036] A further aspect of the invention relates to an industrial application with an industrial gearbox, which can be designed and further developed as described above, wherein the industrial gearbox has at least one gearbox component to be lubricated and at least one lubricant transfer arrangement, which can be designed and further developed as described above, for conveying lubricant to the gearbox component to be lubricated. The industrial application can have a drive means, which can be designed, for example, as an electric machine, internal combustion engine, hydraulic motor, or wind power-driven rotor. The drive means can be coupled to the industrial gearbox for converting a torque and a speed of the power generated by the drive means, wherein the industrial gearbox can be designed and further developed as described above.The industrial gear unit of the industrial application can, in turn, be coupled to a mechanical working device in a torque-transmitting manner, in which the mechanical energy introduced via the industrial gear unit can be utilized. The mechanical working device can be, for example, a mill, vertical mill, sugar mill, cement mill, rock crusher, conveyor belt, pump, roller press, apron conveyor, tube mill, rotary kiln, rotating gear, agitator, lifting device, garbage compactor, scrap press, shredder for recyclable materials from, possibly previously separated and / or sorted, waste, or similar. The industrial application can be designed and developed in particular as described above.With the help of the return flow channel of the lubricating oil system, lubricating oil contaminated with wear particles from the torque-transmitting coupling can be drained away by gravity in operating situations with an excessively low delivery pressure, thus preventing damage caused by wear particles and enabling a long service life of a pressure-lubricated industrial application.

[0037] A further aspect of the invention relates to a data agglomerate with data packets summarized in a common file or distributed across different files for depicting the three-dimensional shape and / or the interactions of all components provided in the lubricating oil system, which can be designed and further developed as described above, or in the transmission, which can be designed and further developed as described above, wherein the data packets are prepared for the purpose of additive manufacturing of the components of the lubricating oil system or the transmission, in particular by 3D printing, when processed by a data processing device for operating a machine tool.and / or when processed by a data processing device for carrying out a technical simulation, to carry out a simulation of the functioning of the lubricating oil system or the transmission and to output the simulation results generated thereby for further use, in particular for the purpose of providing proof of fatigue strength as a function of variable loads and / or variable temperature loads and / or different tribological boundary conditions and, if necessary, to compare them with measurement data determined on an actual device according to the invention and / or on a prototype of the device according to the invention. The data packets of the data agglomerate are specifically adapted to the inventive design of the respective device according to the invention described above, i.e., the lubricating oil system and / or the transmission.in order to adequately represent the inventive interaction of the components of the device according to the invention during processing in the data processing device. The data packets can, in particular, be stored spatially distributed, but adapted to one another in such a way that, in the event that all data packets are combined in a common data processing device, the data agglomerate thus assembled provides all the necessary data for additive manufacturing and / or a technical simulation with the aid of the data processing device for the device according to the invention. For example, the data packets are each separate parts of a data library ("library"),which are combined to form the data agglomerate and are adapted to each other with respect to their relative dimensions and / or absolute dimensions and / or material properties corresponding to the respective device according to the invention. The data agglomerate can represent a virtual embodiment of the respective device according to the invention in the manner of a so-called "digital twin," which enables a virtual examination in the form of a simulation or a real objectification using an additive manufacturing process. Such a digital twin is described, for example, in US 2017 / 286572 A1, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference as part of the invention.

[0038] When the data processing device of the machine tool processes the data agglomerate, the device according to the invention is produced, so that after processing the data agglomerate in the data processing device, the device according to the invention is obtained, at least in the form of a prototype. In particular, each data packet can represent a separately implemented component of the respective associated device according to the invention, so that the individual components can easily be assembled, actually and / or virtually, in terms of their relative position and / or relative mobility in order to realize the interactions essential to the invention. In particular, it is possible to produce the various components of the respective device separately and, if necessary, from different materials by additive manufacturing with the aid of the respective data packets and subsequently assemble them to form a prototype of the respective device.The division of the data of the data agglomerate into different data packets thus enables a simple sequential additive production of components of the respective device that are movable relative to one another in the form of a kit (“kit of parts”), which is designed to only be assembled in a meaningful way for the inventive interaction of the components of the prototype for the solution of the problem underlying the invention.

[0039] Additionally or alternatively, it is possible to use the data packets of the data agglomerate in a virtual environment during a technical simulation to calculate and / or predict the individual components of the respective device, their interactions, the physical state, and / or the change in physical parameters as a function of various boundary conditions and / or over time of the associated device according to the invention, and to further use them to check whether the device according to the invention is sufficiently suitable for the intended purpose based on the assumed design and taking into account the assumed simulated influences. If the data agglomerate is processed by a data processing device that maps the simulation environment, it is possible to examine the behavior of the device according to the invention taking into account boundary conditions, in particular changing ones.This makes it possible, for example, to investigate centrifugal force effects on individual components of the device according to the invention as a function of various static and / or dynamic loads and / or different operating temperatures, whereby such simulation results can be incorporated into the preparation of a fatigue strength verification. Preferably, the simulation results obtained after processing the data agglomerate in the data processing device for the simulation environment are stored in order to compare them with measurement data determined on an actually produced device according to the invention and / or on a prototype of the device according to the invention. This makes it possible to assess the quality of the simulation results obtained with the aid of the data agglomerate and / or, in particular in the case of particularly significant deviations, to identify measurement errors and / or an erroneous measurement.Non-destructive quality control of the device according to the invention is thereby simplified and improved.

[0040] The data agglomerate enables the cost-effective production of prototypes and / or computer-based simulations to study the functionality of the device under consideration, identify problems in the specific application, and find improvements. The solution to the problem underlying the invention can be easily and cost-effectively verified using the data agglomerate.

[0041] The invention will now be explained by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings using preferred embodiments. The features presented below may represent an aspect of the invention, both individually and in combination, with the scope of protection being determined by the claims. They show:

[0042] Fig. 1 : a schematic perspective view of a wind turbine,

[0043] Fig. 2: a schematic sectional view of an upper part of a lubricating oil system usable for the wind turbine of Fig. 1 and

[0044] Fig. 3: a schematic sectional view of a lower part of the lubricating oil system of Fig. 2.

[0045] The wind turbine 10 shown in Fig. 1 can be used for the industrial generation of electrical energy from wind power. For this purpose, the wind turbine 10 has a wind rotor 12 that can be rotated by wind power. The wind rotor 12 is coupled to a drive train 14. For this purpose, the wind rotor 12 is connected to a wind rotor shaft 16, which is coupled within the drive train 14 to a wind gearbox 18 in order to convert the torque introduced via the wind rotor 12 and the wind rotor shaft 16. The torque converted in the wind gearbox 18 is fed via a motor shaft to an electrical machine operated in generator mode, which can form a generator 20. The electrical energy generated by the electrical machine can be fed to a rechargeable battery and / or a power grid.In the illustrated embodiment, the drive train 14 is entirely housed in a nacelle 22, which is attached to an upper free end of a tower 24. The wind rotor 12, the wind gear 18, and the generator 20 can be arranged coaxially with one another and preferably extend at an angle to the horizontal.

[0046] Although the lubricating oil system 26 shown in Fig. 2 is shown as part of the wind gearbox 18, it can also be part of an industrial gearbox (not explicitly shown) without significant design changes, in which the power flow could be in the opposite direction compared to the wind gearbox 18. The lubricating oil system 26 is designed for pressure lubrication, in which, during normal, intended operation for which the lubricating oil system 26 is designed, a lubricating oil is delivered at an increased delivery pressure. For this purpose, for example, an oil pump (not shown) can suck lubricating oil from an oil sump and deliver the lubricating oil at the intended delivery pressure into a feed channel 28. The feed channel 28 is formed in a stationary gearbox housing 30.In the illustrated embodiment, the feed channel 28 is composed of an axial bore and a radial bore, whereby it is in principle possible to compose the feed channel 28 from three or more sections or to provide only exactly one bore.

[0047] By means of two axially spaced-apart bearings 31, a first transmission component 32 is rotatably mounted in the transmission housing 30 and supported in the radial direction and / or in the axial direction. The bearings 31 can be designed as plain bearings or roller bearings, with two angular contact bearings in an O arrangement being provided in the illustrated embodiment. Preferably, the bearings 31, as consumers of lubricating oil, are lubricated by the lubricating oil. For this purpose, a lubrication channel 34 can branch off from the supply channel 28 and lead to the respective bearing 31, so that the bearings 31 can also be pressure-lubricated.

[0048] In the illustrated embodiment, the first transmission component 32 is designed as a hollow shaft or hub. The first transmission component 32 can, for example, be part of a planetary carrier of a gear stage that follows closely in the torque flow and is designed as a planetary gear. The first transmission component 32 is separated in the radial direction between the bearings 31 from the transmission housing 30 by a non-contact gap seal 36. The supply channel 28 opens into the gap seal 36 in the radial direction. Essentially opposite the end of the supply channel 28 begins at least one supply channel 38 formed in the first transmission component 32, which communicates with the supply channel 28 via an annular groove 40 and forms a lubricating oil transfer point.In the illustrated embodiment, the annular groove 40 is formed in the first transmission component 32, whereby the annular groove 40 can additionally or alternatively also be formed in the transmission housing 30. Furthermore, it is possible for several supply channels 38 to be provided one behind the other in the circumferential direction and / or next to one another in the axial direction.

[0049] The supply channel 38 leads to a radially inner torque-transmitting clutch 42 with a second transmission component 44. The torque-transmitting clutch 42 is designed, in particular, as a toothed clutch, in which an internal toothing of the first transmission component 32 can be mated with an external toothing of the second transmission component 44 by an axial relative movement. The second transmission component 44 can, in particular, be a sun shaft of a gear stage preceding it in the torque flow and designed as a planetary gear. The lubricating oil from the supply channel 28 can be used, after being transferred to the supply channel 38, for pressure lubrication of the torque-transmitting clutch 42. As shown in Fig.3, in an operating situation with insufficient delivery pressure, for example at a standstill or in a coasting operation, the lubricating oil can flow out of the torque-transmitting coupling 42 under the influence of gravity, so that if the supply channel 38 is intentionally or inadvertently positioned in a circumferential angular position in which the supply channel 38 is arranged at the lowest point in the direction of gravity, the lubricating oil can flow into the supply channel 38 opposite to the intended flow direction. The lubricating oil in the supply channel 38 provides a hydrostatic pressure that forces lubricating oil as a leak into the gap seal.

[0050] To prevent the lubricating oil, which may be contaminated with abrasion particles, from impairing the bearings 31, a return flow channel 46 is provided in the axial direction between the fluidic connection of the supply channel 38 and the respective bearing 31, which is also fluidically connected to the gap seal, in particular via a partially or completely circumferential groove. This allows the contaminated lubricating oil forced into the gap seal to be drained into the return flow channel 46 without the contaminated lubricating oil being able to reach the bearing 31 following the gap seal 36 in the axial direction. Instead, the contaminated lubricating oil can be carried away from the bearing 31 by gravity via the return flow channel 46 and directed into the oil sump.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. Lubricating oil system (26) for pressure lubrication of a torque-transmitting clutch (42) of a transmission, comprising a stationary transmission housing (30), wherein the transmission housing (30) has a supply channel (28) for supplying a pressurized lubricating oil, a first transmission component (32) rotatable relative to the transmission housing (30), wherein the first transmission component (32) has a supply channel (38) fluidically communicating with the supply channel (28) via a gap seal (36) for receiving the lubricating oil supplied via the supply channel (28) and the gap seal (36), and a second transmission component (44) coupled to the first transmission component (32) via the clutch (42) in a torque-transmitting manner, wherein the supply channel (38) is designed to guide the lubricating oil to the clutch (42), characterized in thatthat the gear housing (30) has at least one return flow channel (46) fluidically communicating with the gap seal (36) for the gravity-driven removal of the lubricating oil from the gap seal (36).

2. Lubricating oil system (26) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one return flow channel (46) opens into the gap seal (36) offset in the axial direction from the supply channel (38).

3. Lubricating oil system (26) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first transmission component (32) has a groove fluidically communicating with the gap seal (36), wherein the return flow channel (46) fluidically communicates indirectly via the groove with the gap seal (36) and through the groove in an axial region occupied by the groove a gap depth of the gap seal (36) in the radial direction is greater than in axial regions of the gap seal (36) adjoining the axial region of the groove.

4. Lubricating oil system (26) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the gear housing (30) has at least one lubrication channel (34) fluidically connected to the supply channel (28) for lubricating at least one lubricating oil consumer, wherein the lubricating oil consumer communicates fluidically with the gap seal (36).

5. Lubricating oil system (26) according to claim 4, wherein the return flow channel (46) opens into the gap seal (36) in the axial direction between the supply channel (38) and the lubricating oil consumer.

6. Lubricating oil system (26) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the lubricating oil consumer is designed as a pressure-lubricated bearing (31) for supporting the first transmission component (32) on the transmission housing (30).

7. Lubricating oil system (26) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the clutch (42) on an output side of the torque-transmitting clutch (42) facing away from the supply channel (38) and the return flow channel (46) fluidically communicate with an oil sump.

8. Lubricating oil system (26) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the return flow channel (46) opens into the gap seal (36) at a lowest point in the direction of gravity on the circumference of the first transmission component (32).

9. Lubricating oil system (26) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein between the feed channel (28) and the supply channel (38) there is an annular groove (40) fluidically communicating with the gap seal (36) and extending in a closed circumferential direction for transferring the lubricating oil between the feed channel (28) and the Supply channel (38) is formed in the first transmission component (32) or in the transmission housing (30).

10. Lubricating oil system (26) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first transmission component (32) is designed as a first shaft of a first transmission stage which is rotatable about a main axis of rotation, wherein the second transmission component (44) is designed as a second shaft which is rotatable about the main axis of rotation, wherein the second shaft is part of a transmission stage which is different from the first transmission stage or part of the first transmission stage.

11. Lubricating oil system (26) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the clutch (42) in the unloaded state basically permits an at least limited and wear-prone relative movement of the first transmission component (32) to the second transmission component (44) in the axial direction and / or in the circumferential direction.

12. Gearbox for converting a torque and / or a speed, with at least one gear stage and a lubricating oil system (26) according to one of claims 1 to 11 for pressure lubrication of the at least one gear stage, wherein the at least one gear stage is designed as a planetary gear and a planetary gear is lubricated with pressurized lubricating oil via a planetary channel, wherein the planetary channel communicates fluidically with the feed channel (28) indirectly via the supply channel (38) or past the supply channel (38).

13. Wind gearbox (18) for a wind turbine (10), with a lubricating oil system (26) according to one of claims 1 to 11 for pressure lubrication and / or a gearbox according to claim 12 for converting a torque and / or a speed, wherein an input clutch for coupling a wind rotor shaft (16) provided for introducing a wind power-generated torque and / or a Output coupling is provided for coupling a generator (20) intended for industrial power generation.

14. Industrial gearbox for an industrial application, with a lubricating oil system (26) according to one of claims 1 to 11 for pressure lubrication and / or a gearbox according to claim 12 for converting a torque and / or a speed, wherein an input clutch is / are provided for coupling a drive motor provided for introducing a drive power and / or an output clutch is / are provided for coupling a mechanical working means.

15. Data agglomerate with data packets summarized in a common file or distributed across different files for mapping the three-dimensional shape and / or the interactions of all components provided in the lubricating oil system (26) according to one of claims 1 to 11 or in the transmission according to claim 12, wherein the data packets are prepared to carry out additive manufacturing of the components of the lubricating oil system (26) or of the transmission, in particular by 3D printing, when processed by a data processing device for operating a machine tool for the additive manufacturing of devices and / or to carry out a simulation of the functioning of the lubricating oil system (26) or of the transmission, in particular by 3D printing, when processed by a data processing device for carrying out a technical simulation and to output the simulation results generated thereby for further use,in particular for the purpose of providing proof of fatigue strength depending on changing loads and / or changing temperature loads and / or different tribological boundary conditions.

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