Tamping device

Abstract

The invention relates to a tamping device (1, 1') for compacting a substrate, wherein the tamping device (1, 1') has an upper mass (3, 3'), a drive (5, 5') and a lower mass (4, 4') with a compacting foot (6, 6'), the lower mass (4, 4') is coupled to the upper mass (3, 3') by a tamping leg (2, 2') having a damping device (7, 7'), and the lower mass (4, 4') can be set in substantially vertically oriented compacting oscillation with respect to the upper mass (3, 3') by means of the drive (5, 5') such that force impulses pulsing from the compacting foot (6, 6') can be applied to the substrate. According to the invention, the lower mass (4, 4') has an impact device (10, 10') which is arranged in the tamping leg (2, 2') and comprises a collision mass (11, 11', 11'') which, driven by a return impact as a result of the transferring of a force impact to the substrate, can be set in an upward movement along a longitudinal axis (19, 19') of the tamping leg (2, 2'), and which, after a reversal of direction, applies a secondary force impact to the compacting foot (6, 6') in a phase-shifted manner with respect to the compacting oscillation.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] title

[0003] tamping device

[0004] The invention relates to a tamping device for compacting a subsoil, wherein the tamping device has a compaction foot which can be set into a substantially vertically oriented compaction oscillation.

[0005] State of the art

[0006] Tamping devices of the type described here, also referred to as vibratory tampers or tampers for short, usually have an upper mass, a drive and a lower mass with a compaction foot, wherein the lower mass is coupled to the upper mass via a damping element and can be set into a substantially vertically oriented compaction oscillation with respect to the upper mass with the drive.

[0007] Such tamping devices typically have a substantially vertical, almost cylindrical structure with a height of roughly a little over one meter and a footprint or compaction area of ​​a few, often roughly ten square decimetres. They are usually designed to be controlled by a single operator using a handle.

[0008] In practice, such tamping devices are used for soil compaction in locations that are difficult to access for larger compaction machines, such as in trenches, on relatively small areas, or generally in confined spaces. The tamping device is usually driven by an electric or combustion motor forming part of the upper mass, which drives a substantially vertically guided piston in an up-and-down motion and causes a compaction foot connected to the piston via a damping element to vibrate or compact oscillate, so that pulsating force impulses can be exerted on the subsoil by the compaction foot.

[0009] If such a tamping device is used on soft or elastic soil, the impact force is absorbed by the soil and leads to its compaction. On hard, for example, pre-compacted soils, however, the impact force results in a rebound, which propagates through the tamping device into the operating handle, placing mechanical stress on the device and, among other things, reducing operator comfort.

[0010] To reduce this effect, a soil compaction device with rebound damping is known from DE 199 56490 A1, in which a mass which is movable relative to the compaction foot is attached to the compaction foot, which mass absorbs part of the energy of the rebound and thereby mechanically relieves the soil compaction device.

[0011] Disclosure of the invention

[0012] The object of the present invention is to provide a solution for a tamping device which is improved compared to the prior art.

[0013] The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

[0014] According to the invention, a tamping device for compacting a subsoil is provided, wherein the tamping device has an upper mass, a drive and a lower mass with a compaction foot, the lower mass is coupled to the upper mass via a tamping leg having a damping device, and the lower mass can be set into a substantially vertically oriented compaction oscillation with respect to the upper mass by means of the drive, so that pulsating force impulses can be exerted on the subsoil by the compaction foot, wherein the lower mass has an impact device arranged in the tamping leg, which comprises an impact mass which, driven by a recoil as a result of the delivery of a force impulse to the subsoil, can be set in an upward movement along a longitudinal axis of the tamping leg, and which, after a reversal of direction, exerts a secondary force impulse on the compaction foot out of phase with the compaction oscillation.

[0015] An impact mass that can move along the tamping leg has the advantage that the recoil in the lower mass of the tamping device can be used to exert a second, delayed force on the ground, with the secondary force occurring exactly along the same axis as the primary force generated directly by the drive. Guided along the same axis of the tamping leg, the effect on the compaction foot is free of any torque, and the primary and secondary force impulses are oriented in the same direction. Furthermore, the arrangement along the tamping leg offers the advantage that the mass of the impact mass can be scaled over a relatively wide range of values ​​due to a theoretically unlimited radial installation space, i.e. relatively large impact masses are also possible. Not only the size of the mass, but also a stroke along the tamping leg can be specified over a relatively wide range of lengths.In addition, other components of the tamping device, such as the compaction foot, can be structurally optimized without elements of an impact device.

[0016] In an advantageous embodiment of the tamping device, its damping device comprises at least one spring element, wherein a space required for this spring element engages axially, in particular telescopically, with a space for the impact device or with a space for a second spring element. Such axial engagement, also referred to as axial nesting, offers the advantage that the length of the tamping leg does not have to be increased despite the impact device additionally arranged in the tamping leg compared to the prior art. Thus, the overall height of the tamping device can be kept within the usual height for tamping devices, which enables convenient operation and use in spatially confined conditions.

[0017] In one variant of the tamping device, the damping device can, for example, comprise at least two spring elements that at least partially interlock axially or telescopically, and the impact device can be arranged below the damping device. By nesting the spring elements arranged above the impact device, a large part or even all of the installation space for the impact device can be created.

[0018] Positioning the impact device below the damping device, or in other words, in a lower section of the tamping leg, offers the advantage that the tamping leg is primarily loaded by the additional impacts in this lower area. Essential components located in the upper area of ​​the tamping leg are only indirectly affected by the impact mass, and any structural bracing can be spatially limited to the lower area. The secondary force impulse can be introduced directly into the compaction foot. This can advantageously be designed to be removable and allow access to the impact device, especially to the impact mass.

[0019] In an advantageous embodiment of the tamping device, the damping device comprises at least one helical spring element, wherein the impact mass is arranged at least partially within the helical spring element or at least partially outside the spring element, for example, enclosing it. A helical spring element can offer the advantage that the coils of the screw can have the same radius, at least in a limited section, so that they define, on the one hand, an internal cylinder and, on the other hand, an external cylinder enclosing the coils, which can be used to arrange the impact device.

[0020] Furthermore, a longitudinal axis of the damping device, a longitudinal axis of the impact device, and a longitudinal axis of the tamping leg can advantageously lie essentially on a straight line. If the center axes are aligned one above the other in a rotationally symmetrical design, the installation space can be utilized effectively and the resulting loads can be evenly distributed.

[0021] In an advantageous embodiment, the tamping device has at least one guide tube in the tamping leg, wherein the impact mass is arranged to be movable along a longitudinal axis of the guide tube or axially movable along the guide tube.

[0022] The impact mass can be guided inside the guide tube. It can essentially have the shape of a disk, a cylinder, or a sphere. Or it can be guided outside the guide tube. It can essentially have the shape of a ring or a torus, or be designed as one or more segments of a ring or torus. In an advantageous embodiment, the impact mass is guided outside the guide tube, wherein it essentially has the shape of a ring or a torus, or is designed as one or more segments of a ring or torus.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, the impact mass is arranged on the guide tube, and a helical spring element of the damping device is arranged in the guide tube. Such a design offers the option of the guide tube simultaneously serving as the inner guide tube of a telescopic connection with an outer guide tube.

[0024] The guide tube guides the impact mass along a defined path, preventing uncoordinated or chaotic behavior of the impact mass. At the same time, the guide element separates the impact mass from the helical spring element, which is guided inside the guide tube. In a third function, it can form the inner guide tube of a telescopic connection, which connects the upper and lower masses of the tamping device in a length-adjustable yet rigid manner.

[0025] For reversing the direction of the impact mass, the tamping device can have an upper stop and, for example, for exerting the secondary force on the compaction foot, a lower stop, which limit the path that can be covered by the impact mass along the longitudinal axis of the tamping leg to a stroke path.

[0026] In an advantageous embodiment, this can have a length of at least 5 cm, in particular of at least 10 cm, and especially of at least 15 cm. Furthermore, the length of the stroke can be designed to be adjustable, for example, by shortening the path between the upper and lower stops on a guide tube using insertable, possibly fixable materials, also referred to as spacers, for example, designed as discs.

[0027] Advantageously, the tamping device can have a damping device, in particular a Vulkolan damping device, for damping the impact of the impact mass on the upper and / or lower stop in order to reduce the mechanical stresses and / or to increase the operating comfort.

[0028] The damping element can be arranged on the stops or on the impact mass. In an advantageous embodiment, the impact mass is at least partially enclosed by the damping element. The damping element can be slightly smaller than the impact mass and enclose two opposing impact surfaces in such a way that the damping element can be mounted on the impact mass and secured without the need for fasteners. The impact mass can be constructed as a single piece, among other things for this purpose.

[0029] In one design variant, the tamping device can have spacer elements made of Vulkolan.

[0030] Drawings The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached schematic drawings using preferred embodiments.

[0031] It shows

[0032] Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the tamping leg of a first embodiment of the described tamping device with a one-piece, damped impact mass;

[0033] Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through the tamping leg of the first embodiment of the described tamping device with multi-part impact mass;

[0034] Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the tamping leg of a second embodiment of the described tamping device.

[0035] Fig. 1 shows a tamping leg 2 of a first embodiment of the described tamping device 1 in a sectional view.

[0036] Fig. 1 shows the tamping leg 2 of a tamping device 1 for compacting a subsoil, wherein the tamping device 1 has an upper mass 3, a drive 5 and a lower mass 4 with a compaction foot 6.

[0037] The lower mass 4 is coupled to the upper mass 3 via the tamping leg 2, which has a damping device 7, and can be set into a substantially vertically oriented compaction oscillation relative to the upper mass 3 by the drive 5. For this purpose, a piston 8 arranged in the tamping leg 2 can be set into an upward / downward movement by the drive 5 via a connecting rod 9, which is transmitted to the compaction foot 6 via the damping device 7, so that pulsating force impulses can be exerted by the compaction foot 6 on a subsurface. Fig.1, the lower mass 4 has an impact device 10 arranged in the tamping leg 2, which comprises an impact mass 11 which, driven by a recoil as a result of the delivery of a force impulse to the ground, can be set in an upward movement along a longitudinal axis 19 of the tamping leg 2, and which, after a reversal of direction, exerts a secondary force impulse on the compaction foot 6 in phase with the compaction oscillation.

[0038] The damping device 7 shown in Fig. 1 has two spring elements 12 and 13, wherein a space of the spring element 13 axially engages with a space of the impact device 10. The spring element 13 is at least partially enclosed by the impact device 10. The impact device 10 is arranged at least partially below the damping device 7.

[0039] At least one spring element 13, in this case even both spring elements 12 and 13, of the damping device 7 is / are helical. The impact mass 11 is arranged at least partially outside the spring element 13, in particular enclosing it. A longitudinal axis of the damping device 2, a longitudinal axis of the impact device 10, and a longitudinal axis 19 of the tamping leg 2 lie geometrically on a straight line.

[0040] The tamping device 1 has two guide tubes 14 and 15 in the tamping leg 2, which slide telescopically into each other when the tamping leg 2 changes length due to vibration and / or impact. At the same time, the impact mass 11, which is movable along the longitudinal axis of the guide tube 14 and essentially has the shape of a ring, is arranged in a lower region of the inner guide tube 14.

[0041] While the impact mass 11 is arranged on the outside of the guide tube 14, the helical spring element 13 is arranged on its inside, so that the guide tube 14, in addition to its function of stiffening the tamping leg 2, also fulfills the task of guiding the spring element 13 on its inside and the impact mass 11 on its outside. At the same time, the spring element 13 and the impact mass 11 are reliably separated from one another. Fig. 2 shows an essentially identical embodiment of the tamping device 1, which differs from that of Figure 1 only in the design of the impact mass 1T. In Fig. 2, this is designed in the form of a plurality of metal balls.

[0042] Fig. 3 shows a tamping leg 2' of a second embodiment of the described tamping device 1' in a sectional view.

[0043] Fig. 3 shows the tamping leg 2' of a tamping device 1' for compacting a subsoil, wherein the tamping device 1' has an upper mass 3', a drive 5' and a lower mass 4' with a compaction foot 6'.

[0044] As shown in Figure 1, the lower mass 4' is coupled to the upper mass 3' via the tamping leg 2', which has a damping device 7', and can be set into a substantially vertically oriented compaction oscillation relative to the upper mass 3' by the drive. For this purpose, a piston 8' arranged in the tamping leg 2' can be set into an upward / downward movement by the drive via a connecting rod 9', which is transmitted to the compaction foot 6' via the damping device 7', so that pulsating force impulses can be exerted from the compaction foot 6' onto a subsurface.

[0045] In contrast to the ramming leg 2 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the ramming leg 2' of Fig. 3 has a damping device 7' with spring elements 12' and 13', the installation spaces of which engage axially with one another. The spring element 13' is at least partially enclosed by the spring element 12'. This results in a shorter installation length of the damping device 7' compared to Figs. 1 and 2. The guide tube can be designed in one piece or in several parts, here in two parts, and comprise a guide tube 14' and a guide tube 14". The guide tube 14' and the guide tube 14" are rigidly connected to one another. The impact device 10' is arranged at least partially, or here completely, below the damping device 7'. The impact device 10' is arranged in the ramming leg 2' above a compaction foot 6'. Both Fig. 1 and Fig.As can be seen from both Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the tamping devices 1, 11 have an upper stop 17, 17' and a lower stop 18, 18', which limit the path traveled by the impact mass 11, 11', 11" along the longitudinal axis of the tamping leg 2, 2' to a stroke length of between 5 and 10 centimeters.

[0046] The tamping leg 2, 2' has a removable compaction foot 6, 6', through which the impact device 10, 10' is accessible. Not shown, but evident from Figures 1 to 3, the length of the stroke can be adjusted by introducing material.

[0047] To dampen the impact of the impact masses 11 and 11" on the upper stop 17, 17' and lower stop 18, 18', the tamping devices 1 and 1' each have a Vulkolan damping device 16, 16'. The one-piece impact masses 11 and 11" are at least partially enclosed by the Vulkolan damping device 16, 16'.

Claims

Claims 1. Tamping device (1), (1') for compacting a subsoil, wherein the tamping device (1), (1') comprises an upper mass (3), (3'), a drive (5), (5') and a lower mass (4), (4') with a compaction foot (6), (6'), the lower mass (4), (4') is coupled to the upper mass (3), (3') via a tamping leg (2), (2') having a damping device (7), (7'), and the lower mass (4), (4') can be set into a substantially vertically oriented compaction oscillation relative to the upper mass (3), (3') by means of the drive (5), (5'), so that the compaction foot (6), (6') pulsating force impulses can be exerted on the subsoil, characterized in that the lower mass (4), (4') has an impact device (10), (10') arranged in the tamping leg (2), (2'), which comprises an impact mass (11), (11'), (11"), which, driven by a recoil as a result of the delivery of a force impulse to the subsoil, can be set in an upward movement along a longitudinal axis (19), (19') of the tamping leg (2), (2'), and which, after a reversal of direction, exerts a secondary force impulse on the compaction foot (6), (6') out of phase with the compaction oscillation.

2. Ramming device (1), (1') according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping device (7), (7') has at least one spring element (13), (13') and that a construction space of the at least one spring element (13), (13') engages axially, in particular telescopically, with a construction space of the impact device (10), (10') or with a construction space of a second spring element (12), (12').

3. Ramming device (1), (1') according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the damping device (7') has at least two spring elements (12'), (13') which are axially at least partially interlock and the impact device (10') is arranged below the damping device (7').

4. Ramming device (1), (1') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the damping device (7), (7') has at least one helical spring element (13) and the impact mass (11), (11') is arranged at least partially within the helical spring element (13), or at least partially outside the spring element (13), in particular enclosing it.

5. Stamping device (1), (1') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a longitudinal axis of the damping device (7), (7'), a longitudinal axis of the impact device and a longitudinal axis of the stamping leg (2), (2') lie substantially geometrically on a straight line.

6. Tamping device (1), (1') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tamping device (1), (T) has at least one guide tube (14), (14'), (14") in the tamping leg (2), (2') and the impact mass (11), (11') is arranged to be movable along a longitudinal axis (19), (19') of the guide tube (14), (14'), (14").

7. Tamping device (1), (1') according to claim 6, characterized in that the impact mass (11), (11 ') is guided in the guide tube (14'), (14"), wherein it substantially has the shape of a disc, a cylinder or a sphere, or is guided on the guide tube (14), (14') and substantially has the shape of a ring or a torus or is designed into one or more segments of a ring or torus.

8. Ramming device (1), (T) according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that the impact mass (11), (11") is arranged on the guide tube (14), (14') and a helical spring element of the damping device (7), (7') is arranged in the guide tube (14), (14').

9. Stamping device (1), (T) according to claim 8, characterized in that the guide tube (14), (14') is at the same time the inner guide tube of a telescopic connection with an outer guide tube.

10. Tamping device (1), (1') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tamping device (1), (1') has an upper (17), (17') and a lower stop (18), (18'), which limit the path that can be covered by the impact mass (11), (11'), (11") along the longitudinal axis (19), (19') of the tamping leg (2), (2') to a stroke path.

11. Tamping device (1), (1') according to claim 10, characterized in that the stroke has a length of at least 5 cm, in particular of at least 10 cm, and especially of at least 15 cm.

12. Tamping device (1), (1') according to claim 10 or claim 11, characterized in that the length of the stroke is adjustable.

13. Stamping device (1), (1') according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the stamping device (1), (1') has a damping (16), (16'), in particular a vulcanized damping system, for damping the impact of the impact mass (11), (11'), (11") on the upper (17), (17') and / or lower stop (18), (18').

14. Ramming device (1), (1') according to claim 13, characterized in that the impact mass (11), (11") is at least partially enclosed by the damping (16), (16').

15. Tamping device (1), (1') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impact mass (11), (11") is designed in one piece.

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