Phenolic derivatives as covalent warhead targeting sulfenic acid form of cysteine
Phenolic derivative compounds address the challenge of targeting cysteine residues in the sulfenic acid form by providing selective and stable covalent warheads for protein labeling, enhancing drug discovery and disease target identification.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/071968
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-01-12
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-17
AI Technical Summary
Current methods for targeting cysteine residues in the sulfenic acid form within living cells lack selectivity, stability, and reactivity, making it difficult to identify true drug targets and understand drug-target interactions.
Development of phenolic derivative compounds that can selectively modify cysteine residues, particularly in the sulfenic acid form, using a class of novel phenolic derivatives as covalent warheads for protein labeling.
These compounds enable comprehensive labeling of proteins with cysteine residues in living cells, expanding the labeling space and facilitating drug discovery and disease target identification.
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Figure CN2025071968_17072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PHENOLIC DERIVATIVES AS COVALENT WARHEAD TARGETING SULFENIC ACID FORM OF CYSTEINE
[0001] CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims the benefit of PCT Application PCT / CN2024 / 072101, filed January 12, 2024. The entire content of the foregoing application is incorporated herein by reference.FIELD
[0003] The present invention relates to the field of drug discovery, biological research and chemical pharmaceutical technology, specifically to novel phenolic derivative compounds or pharmaceutical acceptable salts, or stereoisomer thereof useful as covalent probe reagents, synthesis thereof, and use thereof as covalent warheads for targeting sulfenic acid form of Cys in protein labeling.BACKGROUND
[0004] With the completion of the decoding of the genomes of numerous species, the next daunting challenge is how to rapidly and accurately decipher the molecular functions of these genes encoding proteins and the interactions between small molecules (typically drugs) and proteins, which is an important scientific question currently studied in the field of proteomics. Further studies on the mechanism of drug-target interactions have shown that most drugs can interact with multiple protein targets, rather than a single target. This multi-target interaction pattern makes it more difficult to identify the true targets of ligands e.g., natural products. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can comprehensively reveal multiple protein targets of natural products. Hence, a method called Activity-based Protein Profiling (ABPP) that can detect the functional activity of target proteins in highly biologically complex samples, rather than just their expression levels, has emerged.
[0005] ABPP mainly consists of two key steps: (1) probe design and synthesis; (2) target capture and protein identification. It uses reactive groups in chemical molecular probes to covalently label a class of protein active sites in the proteome, and then enriches the labeled proteins using enriching groups (or a handle) on the probes. Subsequently, protein components and site information are identified through mass spectrometry of biomacromolecules, thereby directly obtaining information on the activity and functional state of these proteins in complex proteome systems.
[0006] Chemical proteomics, as a powerful tool for exploring the target space and site space of active molecules, is widely used in scientific research and the processes of drug target identification. Traditionally, covalent probes binding to cysteine could only react with cysteine when it was in the free state, and they hardly react with cysteine when it is in the form of sulfenic acid (-SOH) inside living cells. Currently, research on small molecule warheads and covalent inhibitors targeting cysteine residues in the sulfenic acid form in living cells is relatively rare, and existing small molecule warheads often lack selectivity, stability, or the ability to react at the cellular level. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a novel, efficient, and highly specific stable covalent warhead for targeting the sulfenic acid form of cysteine in living cells. A unique target space of a warhead can greatly expand the labeling space of cysteine residues, making it highly valuable for drug discovery and disease target identification. Development of corresponding covalent inhibitors from novel warhead has significant scientific impact.SUMMARY
[0007] Disclosed herein are a class of phenolic derivative compounds that can selectively modify cysteine residues inside living cells, especially those in the state of sulfenic acid form (Cys-SOH) . The present disclosure also provides synthesis and application of the phenolic derivative compounds. The phenolic derivative compounds of the present disclosure are a valuable tool for selectively modifying protein Cys-SOH within living cells. This novel covalent warhead can capture a wide range of proteins with Cys-SOH sites and serves as a practical tool for drug target research and expanding the labeling space of cysteine, which has significant value in drug discovery and disease target identification.
[0008] Accordingly, the followings are provided herein.
[0009] In one aspect, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I) :
[0010] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1 has a structure of Q- (CH2) n-X- (CH2) m-Y where
[0011] Q is absent or selected from the group consisting of -CH2-and -C (=O) -;
[0012] X is absent or selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, and -O-;
[0013] Y is selected from the group consisting of
[0014] (1) azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl,
[0015] (2) biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group, and
[0016] (3) a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl;
[0017] n is an integral of 0 to 5, or 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and
[0018] m is an integral of 1 to 5, or 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;
[0019] R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, -NO2, -PO (OH) 2, or a structure of -L-R2’, where
[0020] L is a bivalent group selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -SO-and -SO2-, and
[0021] R2’ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl.
[0022] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (Ia) :
[0023] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0024] R1 and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0025] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (Ib) :
[0026] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0027] R1 and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0028] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (II) :
[0029] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1’ has a structure of - (CH2) n-X- (CH2) m-Y, where
[0030] X is selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, and -O-;
[0031] Y is selected from the group consisting of
[0032] (1) azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl,
[0033] (2) biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group, and
[0034] (3) a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl;
[0035] n is an integral of 0 to 5; and
[0036] m is an integral of 1 to 5;
[0037] R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, -NO2, -PO (OH) 2, or a structure of -L-R2’, where
[0038] L is a bivalent group selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -SO-and -SO2-, and
[0039] R2’ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl.
[0040] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (IIa) :
[0041] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0042] R1’ and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0043] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (IIb) :
[0044] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0045] R1’ and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0046] In a further aspect, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (III) :
[0047] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0048] R1” has a structure of - (CH2) m-Y, where
[0049] Y is selected from the group consisting of
[0050] (1) azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl,
[0051] (2) biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group, or
[0052] (3) a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl; and
[0053] m is an integral of 1 to 5;
[0054] R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, -NO2, -PO (OH) 2, or a structure of -L-R2’, where
[0055] L is a bivalent group selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -SO-and -SO2-, and
[0056] R2’ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, C1-5 haloalkyl.
[0057] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (IIIa) :
[0058] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0059] R1” and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0060] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (IIIb) :
[0061] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0062] R1” and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0063] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) , (II) or (III) is selected from Table 1.
[0064] Table 1
[0065] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I) , (II) or (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof as provided herein in labeling protein.
[0066] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I) , (II) or (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof as provided herein in preparation of an agent for labeling protein.
[0067] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for labeling protein, comprising a step of contacting a compound of Formula (I) , (II) or (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof as provided herein with the protein.
[0068] In some embodiments, the protein is a protein in living cell.
[0069] In some embodiments, the living cell is a cell derived from microorganism, plant or animal, especially mammal, for example human.
[0070] In some embodiments, the compound selectively modifies Cys, especially those in the sulfenic acid form.
[0071] In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of enriching, isolating, purifying and / or identifying the labeled protein.
[0072] In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of detecting a detectable signal emitted by the labeled protein, especially, the detectable signal is a fluorescent signal.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0073] FIG. 1: Exploration of the structure-activity relationships among CAA and its analog probes. The image at the top is chemical structures of CAA and its analog probes. The image on the bottom shows gel-based fluorescence imaging to assess the labeling efficiency of these probes (10μM) on proteins at both live cell (left) and cell lysate (right) levels (FL: fluorescence labeling, CBB: Coomassie brilliant blue) .
[0074] FIG. 2: Investigation of CAA labeling performance. The left is chemical structures of CAA and CAA’. The right is gel-based fluorescence imaging showing CAA labeled proteins (from HeLa, HepG2, 293T) prepared under various conditions: the proteome in situ or based lysate; the order of competitor CAA’ addition (blank control, simultaneous administration group and pre-administered group) . CAA and CAA’ were added simultaneously, and CAA was incubated for 30 min prior to the addition of CAA’.
[0075] FIG. 3: Gel-based competitive ABPP for CAA and Dyn-2. From left to right in order: structural formulas of CA, CAA, CAA’, dimedone (DO) , and Dyn-2; a gel-based fluorescence imaging shows competition of excess DO or CAA’ against CAA labeling; a gel-based fluorescence imaging depicts competition of excess DO, CA or CAA’ against CAA labeling.
[0076] FIG. 4: Screening of compounds for competitive ABPP experiments. The left side of the image depicts chemical structures of competitors 9~16, and the right displays screening of compounds 9~16 for competitive ABPP experiments, which the concentration of CAA and competitors are 10μM and 100μM, respectively.
[0077] FIG. 5: Competition gel experiment of curcumin and its derivatives. Structural formula of curcumin and its derivatives: curcumin (CUR) , tetrahydro-curcumin (THC) , curcumin (MC) and dimethyl curcumin (DMC) (left) . Results of the SDS-PAGE experiment (right) . Steps of the experiment are after incubation with 100μM curcumin and its derivatives (CUR, THC, MC and DMC) for 4h, HeLa cells were recovered for 30min and incubated with 10μM CAA for 1h.
[0078] FIG. 6A-6E: Investigation on proteome-wide reactivity of CAA and representative MS / MS spectra with diagnostic ions (DI-1 ~ DI-3) . (6A) Unbiased analysis of the mass shifts of peptides introduced by CAA plus the light or heavy isoDTB tag, respectively. The inset shows the dominant mass shifts corresponding to the CAA-DTB adduct plus an oxygen atom. PSMs, peptide spectrum matches. (6B) Overview of amino acids modified by CAA. (6C) Plot showing the frequencies of diagnostic ions (DI-1 ~ DI-3) present in modified and unmodified PSMs. (6D) MS / MS spectrum of the light peptide. (6E) MS / MS spectrum of the heavy peptide. Peaks corresponding to diagnostic ions are highlighted in purple.
[0079] FIG. 7: Generation Pathway of Diagnostic Ions from Precursor-1 via HCD Fragmentation. Diagnostic ions DI-1 to DI-3 are produced from precursor-1, while precursor-2 and precursor-3 do not generate DI-1 or DI-2.
[0080] FIG. 8: schematic diagram illustrates the labeling of protein Cys-SOH by CAA and the generation pathway of precursor-1 and diagnostic ions.
[0081] FIG. 9A-9B: Analysis of the overlap of proteins and sites labeled by CAA and BTD. At the top is a table showing experimental conditions for CAA and BTD labeling proteins (HeLa) , and below the chart is venn diagrams illustrating the overlap between CAA and BTD regarding labeled proteins (9A) and sites (9B) , respectively.
[0082] FIG. 10A-10C: Chemical proteomics-based competitive ABPP for CAA. FIG. 10A table shows the chemical structures of curcumin (CUR) , tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) , curcumin (MC) and dimethyl curcumin (DMC) , and the number of reactive moieties, targeted Cys-SOHs and proteins of them. The moieties reacting with Cys-SOH was highlighted by green and yellow circles, respectively. FIG. 10B is a venn graph showing the overlap of targeted Cys-SOH sites across four compounds. FIG. 10C categorizes targeted proteins of these four compounds into two groups based on presence or absence in DrugBank.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0083] Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying detailed description. While enumerated embodiments will be described, it shall be understood that they are not intended to limit the present disclosure to those embodiments. On the contrary, the present disclosure is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is in no way limited to the methods and materials as described. In the event that one or more of the incorporated literatures and similar materials differs from or contradicts this disclosure, including but not limited to defined terms, term usage, described techniques, or the like, this disclosure controls.
[0084] It is appreciated that certain features of the present disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, can also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the present disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, can also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0085] PHENOLIC DERIVATIVES
[0086] The disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I) :
[0087] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein
[0088] R1 has a structure of Q- (CH2) n-X- (CH2) m-Y where
[0089] Q is absent or selected from the group consisting of -CH2-and -C (=O) -;
[0090] X is absent or selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, and -O-;
[0091] Y is selected from the group consisting of
[0092] (1) azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, and -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl,
[0093] (2) biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group, and
[0094] (3) a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, and -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl;
[0095] n is an integral of 0 to 5, or 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and
[0096] m is an integral of 1 to 5, or 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;
[0097] R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, -NO2, -PO (OH) 2, or a structure of -L-R2’, where
[0098] L is a bivalent group selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -SO-and -SO2-, and
[0099] R2’ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl.
[0100] In the compounds of Formula (I) of the present disclosure, the position of the group R2 is not particularly limited and may be located adjacent or interstitial to the phenol hydroxyl group.
[0101] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (Ia) :
[0102] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0103] R1 and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0104] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (Ib) :
[0105] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0106] R1 and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0107] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (II) :
[0108] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1’ has a structure of - (CH2) n-X- (CH2) m-Y, where
[0109] X is selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, and -O-;
[0110] Y is selected from the group consisting of
[0111] (1) azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl,
[0112] (2) biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group, or
[0113] (3) a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl;
[0114] n is an integral of 0 to 5; and
[0115] m is an integral of 1 to 5;
[0116] R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, -NO2, -PO (OH) 2, or a structure of -L-R2’, where
[0117] L is a bivalent group selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -SO-and -SO2-, and
[0118] R2’ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl.
[0119] In the compounds of Formula (II) of the present disclosure, the position of the group R2 is not particularly limited and may be located adjacent or interstitial to the phenol hydroxyl group.
[0120] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (IIa) :
[0121] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0122] R1’ and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0123] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (IIb) :
[0124] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0125] R1’ and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0126] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (III) :
[0127] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0128] R1” has a structure of - (CH2) m-Y, where
[0129] Y is selected from the group consisting of
[0130] (1) azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, and -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl,
[0131] (2) biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group, and
[0132] (3) a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, and -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl; and
[0133] m is an integral of 1 to 5;
[0134] R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, -NO2, -PO (OH) 2, or a structure of -L-R2’, where
[0135] L is a bivalent group selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -SO-and -SO2-, and
[0136] R2’ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl.
[0137] In the compounds of Formula (III) of the present disclosure, the position of the group R2 is not particularly limited and may be located adjacent or interstitial to the phenol hydroxyl group.
[0138] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (IIIa) :
[0139] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0140] R1” and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0141] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (IIIb) :
[0142] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0143] R1” and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0144] The description below can be applied to all or any of the compounds of Formula (I) , Formula (II) and Formula (III) .
[0145] In some embodiments, Q is absent or selected from the group consisting of -CH2-and -C (=O) -, Preferably, Q is absent or -C (=O) -. In some embodiment, Q is absent. In some embodiments, Q is -C (=O) -.
[0146] In some embodiments, X is absent or selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, and -O-. Preferably, X is absent or -NH-. In some embodiment, X is absent. In some embodiment, X is -NH-.
[0147] In some embodiments, Y is selected from the group consisting of azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, and -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, for example C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, specifically methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl, C1-5 haloalkyl, for example C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl. Preferably, Y is -C≡CH.
[0148] The strained alkenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo; C1-5 alkyl, for example C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, specifically methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl; C1-5 haloalkyl, for example C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-5 alkoxyl, for example , C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl, specifically methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and pentoxy; and C1-5 haloalkoxyl, for example , C1-4 haloalkoxyl, C1-3 haloalkoxyl.
[0149] The strained alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo; C1-5 alkyl, for example C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, specifically methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl; C1-5 haloalkyl, for example C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-5 alkoxyl, for example , C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl, specifically methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and pentoxy; and C1-5 haloalkoxyl, for example , C1-4 haloalkoxyl, C1-3 haloalkoxyl.
[0150] As used herein, the term “strained alkenyl” refers to an alkenyl group whose carbon-carbon double bond is located within a ring that can usually be reacted with a reactive group such as an azide group in click chemistry, wherein the ring may be a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring and may be a monocyclic ring, or a fused, spiro or bridged bicyclic or tricyclic ring. The name is given because the ring structure results in the presence of strain within the molecule. Non-limiting examples of optionally substituted strained alkenyl include, but are not limited to,
[0151] As used herein, the term “strained alkynyl” refers to an alkynyl group whose carbon-carbon triple bond is located within a ring that can usually be reacted with a reactive group such as an azide group in click chemistry, wherein the ring may be a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring and may be a monocyclic ring, or a fused, spiro or bridged bicyclic or tricyclic ring. The name is given because the ring structure results in the presence of strain within the molecule. Non-limiting examples of optionally substituted strained alkynyl include, but are not limited to,
[0152] In some embodiments, Y is selected from the group consisting of biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group.
[0153] As used herein, the term “fluorescent group” refers to a group that provides fluorescent properties to each compound. Non-limiting examples of fluorescent group include, but are not limited to, rhodamine, tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) , 4, 4-difiuoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacenes (BODIPY-dyes) , fluorescein, cyanine dyes (e.g. Cy3, Cy5, Cy7) , sulforhodamines (Texas red) , Alexa Fluor dyes (e.g. AF546, AF555, AF594, AF647) , and coumarin dyes. Preferably, the fluorescent group is Cy3 or TAMRA, more preferably TAMRA.
[0154] Non-limiting examples of Z from group (2) include, but are not limited to,
[0155] In some embodiments, Z is a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, or -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, C1-5 haloalkyl. A person skilled in the art can understand that biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group carrying an azide group or an alkynyl group can be linked to a chemical moiety carrying the corresponding azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, or -C≡C-Ra by click chemistry. Non-limiting examples of the resulting group include, but are not limited to,
[0156] In some embodiments, n is an integral of 0 to 5, for example, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. Preferably, n is 0.
[0157] In some embodiments, m is an integral of 1 to 5, for example, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. Preferably, m is 2 to 5, or 3 to 5. In some embodiments, m is 2. In some embodiments, m is 3. In some embodiments, m is 4. In some embodiments, m is 5.
[0158] In some embodiments, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, -NO2, -PO (OH) 2, or a group of -L-R2’, where L is a bivalent group selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -SO-and -SO2-, and R2’ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, C1-5 haloalkyl. Non-limiting examples of the group of -L-R2’ include, but are not limited to, -O-C1-5 alkyl (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentoxy) . In some embodiments, R2 is located adjacent to the phenol hydroxyl group. In some embodiments, R2 is located in the interstitial position of the phenol hydroxyl group.
[0159] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I) :
[0160] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein
[0161] R1 has a structure of Q- (CH2) n-X- (CH2) m-Y where
[0162] Q is absent or -C (=O) -;
[0163] X is absent or -NH-;
[0164] Y is selected from the group consisting of
[0165] (1) -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl, for example, -CH3, -CH2CH3, preferably Ra is hydrogen,
[0166] (2) biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group, and
[0167] (3) a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl;
[0168] preferably, Y is selected from the group consisting of -C≡CH,
[0169] n is an integral of 0 to 5, or 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, preferably n is 0; and
[0170] m is an integral of 1 to 5, or 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, preferably m is 4, or 5;
[0171] R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH, and -OC1-5 alkyl, for example, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, preferably R2 is hydrogen or -OCH3.
[0172] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (Ia) :
[0173] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0174] R1 and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0175] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a compound of Formula (Ib) :
[0176] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,
[0177] R1 and R2 are defined as described herein.
[0178] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from
[0179] LABELING PROTEIN
[0180] The inventors have surprisingly found that the phenol derivative compounds of the present disclosure are capable of selectively modifying a wide variety of active cysteines within living cells, and in particular, modifying cysteines in the sulfenic acid form.
[0181] Therefore, in one aspect, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I) , (II) or (III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof as provided herein in labeling protein.
[0182] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of Formula (I) , (II) or (III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof as provided herein in preparation of an agent for labeling protein.
[0183] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for labeling protein, comprising a step of contacting a compound of Formula (I) , (II) or (III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof as provided herein with the protein.
[0184] In some embodiments, the protein is a protein in living cell.
[0185] In some embodiments, the living cell is a cell derived from microorganism, plant or animal, especially mammal, for example human.
[0186] In some embodiments, the compound as provided herein selectively modifies Cys, especially those in the sulfenic acid form.
[0187] The compound of the present disclosure may comprise a biotin, desthiobiotin, and the like. When Cys residues of a protein are labeled using the compounds of the present disclosure, the labeled protein can be enriched, isolated and purified using biotin, desthiobiotin or the like, and subsequent protein identification.
[0188] Therefore, in some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of enriching, isolating, purifying and / or identifying the labeled protein.
[0189] The compounds of the present disclosure may comprise a fluorescent group. When Cys residues of a protein are labeled using the compounds of the present disclosure, the protein can be detected by the fluorescence emitted by the labeled protein.
[0190] Therefore, in some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of detecting a detectable signal emitted by the labeled protein, especially, the detectable signal is a fluorescent signal.
[0191] In the method of labeling proteins of the present disclosure, when a compound of the present disclosure having an end group as a reactive group such as an azide group, a terminal alkynyl group, or the like is used, a reactant carrying a biotin, a desthiobiotin, or a fluorescent group can be added sequentially or simultaneously to the reaction system.
[0192] Thereby, in the reaction system, (1) the compound of the present disclosure is first labeled to a Cys residue of a protein, and then biotin, desthiobiotin, or a fluorescent group, etc. is attached to the compound of the present disclosure by click chemistry; (2) the compound of the present disclosure is first attached to biotin, desthiobiotin, or a fluorescent group, etc., by click chemistry, and then labeled to a Cys residue of a protein; or (3) the reaction in which the compound of the present disclosure labels a Cys residue of a protein and the reaction in which the compound of the present disclosure is attached to biotin, desulfobiotin, or a fluorescent group, etc., by click chemistry proceed simultaneously.
[0193] When a compound of the present disclosure carries a biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group is used, it can be used directly to label Cys in proteins and for subsequent enrichment, isolation, purification and / or identification without the need to add other biotin-carrying, desthiobiotin-carrying, fluorescent group-containing reactants. For example, Such kind of compounds of the present disclosure can be obtained by click chemistry of the compounds of the present disclosure carrying a reactive end group such as an azide group, a terminal alkynyl group, with a reactant carrying a biotin moiety, a desthiobiotin moeity, or a fluorescent group.
[0194] DEFINITIONS
[0195] The terms used but not defined herein have their ordinary meaning and the meaning of such terms is independent at each occurrence thereof. Nevertheless, unless otherwise stated, the following definitions apply throughout the specification and claims.
[0196] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” , and “the” include plural referents unless expressly stated to the contrary.
[0197] As used herein, the terms “comprise” and “include” are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, steps, or groups thereof.
[0198] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For purpose of this disclosure, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Edition, inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March, March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2001; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; Carruthers, Some Modem Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
[0199] All ranges cited herein are inclusive, unless expressly stated to the contrary.
[0200] When a range of values is listed, it is intended to encompass each value and sub-range within the range. For example, “C1-6” is intended to encompass, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1-6, C1-5, C1-4, C1-3, C1-2, C2-6, C2-5, C2-4, C2-3, C3-6, C3-5, C3-4, C4-6, C4-5, and C5-6. For example, a heteroaromatic ring described as containing from “1 to 4 heteroatoms” means that the ring can contain 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms. It is also to be understood that any range cited herein includes within its scope all of the sub-ranges within that range. Thus, for example, a heterocyclic ring described as containing from “1 to 4 heteroatoms” is intended to include as aspects thereof, heterocyclic rings containing 2 to 4 heteroatoms, 3 or 4 heteroatoms, 1 to 3 heteroatoms, 2 or 3 heteroatoms, 1 or 2 heteroatoms, 1 heteroatom, 2 heteroatoms, 3 heteroatoms, or 4 heteroatoms.
[0201] When any variable occurs more than one time in any constituent or in Formula (I) or in any other formula depicting and describing the compounds of the present disclosure, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Also, combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0202] As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to a linear or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon group. The term “Ci-j alkyl” refers to an alkyl having i to j carbon atoms. Alkyl groups may contain 1 to 10 carbon atoms, unless otherwise stated. In certain embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms (C1-6) , such as, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 carbon atoms (C1-5) , 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C1-4) , 1 to 3 carbon atoms (C1-3) , or 1 to 2 carbon atoms (C1-2) . Non-limiting examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-and iso-propyl, n-, sec-, iso-, and tert-butyl, neopentyl, and the like. Alkyl groups may be optionally substituted (i.e., unsubstituted or substituted) , as valency permits, with one, two, three, or, in the case of alkyl groups of two carbons or more, four or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: amino; alkoxy; aryl; aryloxy; azido; cycloalkyl; cycloalkyloxy; cycloalkenyl; cycloalkynyl; halogen; heterocyclyl; (heterocyclyl) oxy; heteroaryl; hydroxy; nitro; thiol; silyl; cyano; alkylmercapto; alkylsulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl; alkylsulfenyl; =O; =S; -C (O) R or -SO2R, in which R is amino; and =NR’, in which R’ is H, alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl. Each of the substituents may itself be unsubstituted or, as valency permits, substituted with unsubstituted substituent (s) defined herein for each respective group. In certain embodiments, alkyl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substitutes selected from halogen, alkyloxy, and haloalkyloxy.
[0203] As used herein, the term “alkylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is a monovalent alkyl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Alkylene groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted alkylene is an alkylene that is optionally substituted as described herein for alkyl.
[0204] As used herein, the term “alkoxy” refers to -O-alkyl and alkyl is as defined herein. Non-limiting examples of alkyl groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-and iso-propoxy, n-, sec-, iso-, and tert-butoxy, neopentyloxy, and the like.
[0205] As used herein, the term “alkenyl” refers to a linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having at least one (such as one, two, or three) carbon-carbon double bond, which may be optionally substituted (i.e., unsubstituted or substituted) independently with one or more substituents described herein, and includes radicals having “cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” orientations. Alkenyl groups may contain 2 to 10 carbon atoms, unless otherwise stated. In certain embodiments, alkenyl groups may contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkenyl groups include ethylenyl (vinyl) , propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, 5-hexenyl, etc. An optionally substituted alkenyl is an alkenyl that is optionally substituted as described herein for alkyl.
[0206] As used herein, the term “alkenylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is a monovalent alkenyl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Alkenylene groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted alkenylene is an alkenylene that is optionally substituted as described herein for alkyl.
[0207] As used herein, the term “alkynyl” refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having at least one (such as one, two, or three) carbon-carbon triple bond, which may be optionally substituted (i.e., unsubstituted or substituted) independently with one or more substituents described herein. Alkynyl groups may contain 2 to 10 carbon atoms, unless otherwise stated. In certain embodiments, alkynyl groups may contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, etc. An optionally substituted alkynyl is an alkynyl that is optionally substituted as described herein for alkyl.
[0208] As used herein, the term “alkynylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is a monovalent alkynyl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Alkynylene groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted alkynylene is an alkynylene that is optionally substituted as described herein for alkyl.
[0209] As used herein, the term “aryl” refers to a mono-, bicyclic, or multicyclic carbocyclic ring system having at least one aromatic rings. Aryl groups may be 6-to 10-membered, unless otherwise stated. In certain embodiments, aryl groups may contain 6 ring forming carbon atoms. All ring forming atoms within a carbocyclic aryl group are carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, 1, 2-dihydronaphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthyl, fluorenyl, indanyl, indenyl, etc. In certain embodiments, aryl is phenyl or naphthyl. In certain embodiments, aryl is phenyl. In the context of the present specification, the terms “aryl” and “aromatic ring” may be used interchangeably. Aryl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted aryl group may be an aryl optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; alkoxy; alkylsulfinyl; alkylsulfenyl; alkylsulfonyl; amino; aryl; aryloxy; azido; cycloalkyl; cycloalkoxy; cycloalkenyl; cycloalkynyl; halogen; heteroalkyl; heteroalkenyl; heteroalkynyl; heterocyclyl; (heterocyclyl) oxy; heteroaryl; hydroxy; nitro; thiol; silyl; - (CH2) n-C (O) OR’; -C (O) R; and -SO2R, in which R is amino or alkyl, R’ is H or alkyl, and n is 0 or 1. Each of the substituents may itself be unsubstituted or substituted with unsubstituted substituent (s) defined herein for each respective group. In certain embodiments, aryl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substitutes selected from 4-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 6-to 10-membered aryl, and 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl.
[0210] As used herein, the term “arylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is an aryl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Arylene groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted arylene is an arylene that is optionally substituted as described herein for aryl.
[0211] As used herein, the term “heteroatom” refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and may include any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen.
[0212] As used herein, the term “oxo” refers to a divalent oxygen atom and the structure of oxo may be shown as =O.
[0213] As used herein, the term “halogen” (or “halo” ) refers to fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide. In certain embodiments, non-limiting examples of halogen include fluoride, chloride, and bromide. In certain embodiments, halogen is chloride or bromide. In certain embodiments, halogen is fluoride.
[0214] As used herein, the term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group as described herein in which one or more of hydrogen atoms have been replaced with one or more halogen atoms independently selected from the group consisting of fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide. When a haloalkyl contains more than one halogen atom, the halogen atoms can be the same or be different from each other. Non-limiting examples of haloalkyl groups include -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CF2Cl, -CH2CF3, -CF2CF3, etc. In certain embodiments, haloalkyl groups may be perhaloalkyl groups, such as perfluoroalkyl.
[0215] As used herein, the term “haloalkylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is a haloalkyl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Non-limiting examples of haloalkylene groups include -CH2CHF-, -CHFCHF-, etc. In certain embodiments, haloalkylene groups may be perhaloalkylene groups, such as perfluoroalkylene.
[0216] As used herein, the term “substituted” , when refers to a chemical group, means that the chemical group has one or more hydrogen atoms that is / are removed and replaced by substituents. The term “substituent” as used herein has the ordinary meaning known in the art and refers to a chemical moiety that is covalently attached to, or if appropriate, fused to, a parent group. It is to be understood that substitution at a given atom is limited by valency. It is understood that the substituent can be further substituted.
[0217] As used herein, the term “optionally substituted” means that the chemical group may have no substituents (i.e., unsubstituted) or may have one or more substituents (i.e., substituted) . It is to be understood that substitution at a given atom is limited by valency.
[0218] The compounds provided herein are described with reference to both generic formulas and specific compounds. In addition, the compounds of the present disclosure may exist in a number of different forms or derivatives, all within the scope of the disclosure. These include, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, stereoisomers, racemic mixtures, regioisomers, prodrugs, and active metabolites, etc. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the disclosure may contain bonds with hindered rotation such that two separate rotomers, or atropisomer, may be separated and may have advantageous biological activity. It is intended that all of the possible atropisomes are included with the scope of this disclosure.
[0219] Unless explained otherwise, in the present disclosure, bonds represented by solid wedge lines and dashed wedge lines are used to indicate absolute configuration of a chiral center, bonds represented by solid lines and dashed lines are used to indicate relative configuration of a chiral center and a bond represented by a wavy line is used to indicate (a) a solid wedge line or a dashed wedge line or (b) a solid line or a dashed line
[0220] As used herein, the term "atropisomer" refers to a stereoisomer resulting from restricted rotation about single bonds where the rotation barrier is high enough to permit isolation of the isomeric species. Typically, rotation about the single bond in the molecule is prevented, or greatly slowed, as a result of steric interactions with other parts of the molecule and the substituents at both ends of the single bond are unsymmetrical.
[0221] As used herein, the term “enriched for …an atropisomer” or “atropisomerically enriched” means that the compound, i.e., mixture of atropisomers, comprises a greater proportion or percentage of the specified atropisomers of the compound, in relative to the other atropisomers, i.e., greater than 50 mole%, such as greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, etc. In certain embodiments, atropisomers other than the specified atropisomer are undetectable. In certain embodiments, the compound may comprise nearly 100 mole%or 100 mole%of the specified atropisomer of the compound. In certain embodiments, the compound is substantially atropisomerically pure. As used herein, the term “substantially pure” means that the compound, i.e., mixture of atropisomers, comprises at least 90 mole%, optionally at least 95 mole%, more optionally at least 98 mole%, and even more optionally at least 99 mole%of one atropisomer. The term “substantially free” means that the compound comprises less than 10 mole%, optionally less than 5 mole%, more optionally less than 2 mole%, and even more optionally less than 1 mole%of one atropisomer.
[0222] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , unless otherwise stated, includes salts that retain the biological effectiveness of the free acid / base form of the specified compound and that are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Contemplated pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include, but are not limited to, mono, bis, tris, tetrakis, and so on. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered. The preparation of such salts can facilitate the pharmacological use by altering the physical characteristics of a compound without preventing it from exerting its physiological effect. Useful alterations in physical properties may include, for example, increasing the solubility to facilitate administering higher concentrations of the drug.
[0223] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of Formula (I) , (II) , or (III) include acid addition and base salts. Suitable acid addition salts can be formed from acids which form non-toxic salts. Non-limiting examples may include the acetate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate / carbonate, bisulfate / sulfate, borate, camsylate, citrate, cyclamate, edisylate, esylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride / chloride, hydrobromide / bromide, hydroiodide / iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, mesylate, methylsulfate, naphthylate, 2-napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate / hydrogen phosphate / dihydrogen phosphate, pyroglutamate, saccharate, stearate, succinate, tannate, tartrate, tosylate, trifluoroacetate, 1, 5-naphathalenedisulfonic acid and xinafoate salts. Suitable base salts are formed from bases which form non-toxic salts. Non-limiting examples may include the aluminium, arginine, benzathine, calcium, choline, diethylamine, bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine (diolamine) , glycine, lysine, magnesium, meglumine, 2-aminoethanol (olamine) , potassium, sodium, 2-Amino-2- (hydroxymethyl) propane-1, 3-diol (tris or tromethamine) and zinc salts. Hemisalts of acids and bases may also be formed, for example, hemisulfate and hemicalcium salts. For a review on suitable salts, see, Stahl and Wermuth, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use (Wiley-VCH, 2002) .
[0224] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compound of Formula (I) may be prepared by one or more of three methods: (i) by reacting the compound of Formula (I) with the desired acid or base; (ii) by removing an acid-or base-labile protecting group from a suitable precursor of the compound of Formula (I) or by ring-opening a suitable cyclic precursor, for example, a lactone or lactam, using the desired acid or base; or (iii) by converting one salt of the compound of Formula (I) to another by a reaction with an appropriate acid or base or by means of a suitable ion exchange column. The three reactions may be typically carried out in solution. The resulting salt may precipitate out and be collected by filtration or may be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. The degree of ionization in the resulting salt may vary from completely ionized to almost non-ionized.
[0225] The compounds of Formula (I) , (II) , or (III) may have one or more chiral (asymmetric) centers. The present disclosure encompasses all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of Formula (I) , (II) , or (III) . Centers of asymmetry that are present in the compounds of Formula (I) , (II) , or (III) can all independently of one another have (R) or (S) configuration. When bonds to a chiral carbon are depicted as straight lines in the structural formulas of the present disclosure, or when a compound name is recited without an (R) or (S) chiral designation for a chiral carbon, it is understood that both the (R) and (S) configurations of each such chiral carbon and hence each enantiomer or diastereomer and mixtures thereof are embraced within the formula or by the name. The production of specific stereoisomers or mixtures thereof may be identified in the Examples where such stereoisomers or mixtures were obtained, but this in no way limits the inclusion of all stereoisomers and mixtures thereof from being within the scope of the disclosure.
[0226] The present disclosure includes all possible enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures of two or more stereoisomers, for example mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereomers, in all ratios. Thus, enantiomers are a subject of the present disclosure in enantiomerically pure form, both as levorotatory and as dextrorotatory antipodes, in the form of racemates and in the form of mixtures of the two enantiomers in all ratios.
[0227] Unless otherwise stated, the structures depicted herein are also meant to include the compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms, in other words, the compounds wherein one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number which predominates in nature. Such compounds are referred to as a “isotopic variant” . The present disclosure is intended to include all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopic variants of the compounds of Formula (I) , (II) , or (III) . Examples of isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds of the present disclosure include, but not limited to, isotopes of hydrogen, such as 2H and 3H; carbon, such as 11C, 13C and 14C; chlorine, such as 36Cl; fluorine, such as 18F; iodine, such as 123I and 125I; nitrogen, such as 13N and 15N; oxygen, such as 15O, 17O and 18O; phosphorus, such as 32P; and sulfur, such as 35S. Certain isotopic variants of the compounds of Formula (I) , (II) , or (III) , for example those incorporating a radioactive isotope, may be useful in drug and / or substrate tissue distribution studies. Particularly, compounds having the depicted structures that differ only in the replacement with heavier isotopes, such as the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium (2H) , can afford certain therapeutic advantages, for example, resulting from greater metabolic stability, increased in vivo half-life, or reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may be utilized in some particular circumstances. Isotopic variants of compounds of Formula (I) , (II) , or (III) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to one skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying examples and synthesis using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed. In certain embodiments, isotopic variants of compounds of the present disclosure are deuterated variants.
[0228] As used herein, the terms “peptide” , “polypeptide” , and “protein” are used interchangeably, and refer to a compound comprised of amino acid residues covalently linked by peptide bonds. A protein or peptide contains at least two amino acids, and no limitation is placed on the maximum number of amino acids that may comprise a protein’s or peptide’s sequence. Polypeptides include any peptide or protein comprising two or more amino acids joined to each other by peptide bonds. As used herein, the term refers to both short chains, which also commonly are referred to in the art as peptides, oligopeptides and oligomers, for example, and to longer chains, which generally are referred to in the art as proteins, of which there are many types. “Polypeptides” include, for example, biologically active fragments, substantially homologous polypeptides, oligopeptides, homodimers, heterodimers, variants of polypeptides, modified polypeptides, derivatives, analogs, fusion proteins, among others. The polypeptides include natural peptides, recombinant peptides, synthetic peptides, or a combination thereof.
[0229] SYNTHESIS
[0230] The compounds of the present disclosure may be prepared by the general and specific methods described below, using the common general knowledge of those skilled in the art of synthetic organic chemistry. Such common general knowledge can be found in standard reference books, e.g., Barton and Ollis (Ed. ) , Comprehensive Organic Chemistry, Elsevier; Richard Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations: A Guide to Functional Group Preparations, John Wiley and Sons; and Compendium of Organic Synthetic Methods, Vol. I-XII, Wiley-Interscience. The starting materials used herein are commercially available or may be prepared by routine methods known in the art.
[0231] The Schemes described hereinafter are intended to provide a general description of the methodology employed in the preparation of the compounds of the present disclosure. Some of the compounds of the present disclosure may contain single or multiple chiral centers with the stereochemical designation (R) or (S) . It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that all of the synthetic transformations can be conducted in a similar manner no whether the materials are enantioenriched or racemic. Moreover, the resolution to the desired optically active material may take place at any desired point in the procedure using well known methods such as those described herein and in the chemistry literature.
[0232] EXAMPLES
[0233] In order that the disclosure may be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. The examples described herein are offered to illustrate the compounds, methods and compositions provided herein and are not to be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the disclosure.
[0234] During synthetic procedures, it may be necessary and / or desirable to protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of the molecules concerned. This may be achieved by means of conventional protecting groups, such as those described in T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wutts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons. The protective groups are optionally removed at a convenient subsequent stage using methods well known in the art.
[0235] The compounds of the present disclosure can be readily prepared according to the following reaction schemes and examples, or modifications thereof, using readily available starting materials, reagents, and conventional synthesis procedures. In these reactions, it is also possible to make use of variants which are themselves known to those skilled in the art, but are not mentioned in greater detail. Furthermore, other methods for preparing the compounds of the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the reaction schemes and examples as described herein. Unless otherwise indicated, all variables are as defined above.
[0236] In general chemical procedures, all reagents and materials may be purchased from commercial vendors or may be readily prepared by those skilled in the art. A list of abbreviations for reagents used and organic moieties may be found in Table 2, below.
[0237] Table 2. Abbreviations of reagents or organic moieties
[0238] The structure of compounds was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and / or mass spectrometry (MS) . NMR measurements were conducted using a Bruker ADVANCE III 500MHz NMR spectrometer, with deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) or deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6) as solvents and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. 1H NMR information was reported in the following format: chemical shift (multiplet (s) , singlet (d) , doublet (t) , triplet (q) , quadruplet (m) ) , and the number of protons.
[0239] MS measurements were performed using a Thermo Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was conducted using Yantai Huanghai HSGF254 or Qingdao GF254 silica gel plates, and the specifications of the silica gel plates used in TLC were 0.20mm-0.25mm. Column chromatography was typically carried out using Yantai Huanghai silica gel with a particle size of 200-300 mesh as the support material. Known starting materials for the present invention could be either synthesized according to known methods in the field or purchased from companies such as AnaSpec, McLane Laboratories, Bide Pharmatech Ltd., China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation (Sinopharm) , PerkinElmer, Sigma-Aldrich, and others.
[0240] Synthetic Example 1. Synthesis of alkyne probes CAA, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8.
[0241] Scheme 1. Synthetic route of alkyne probes
[0242] General Procedure 1:
[0243] Acid (1.0 eq. ) was dissolved in 2 mL of DMF, followed by HOBT (62 mg, 0.446 mmol, 1.5 eq. ) , EDCI (85 mg, 0.446 mmol, 1.5 eq. ) , and DIEA (115 mg, 0.892 mmol, 3.0 eq. ) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then hept-6-yn-1-amine (50 mg, 0.446 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The completion of reaction was monitored by LC-MS. The reaction was quenched with water, extracted with EA, the organic phase was washed with saturated brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, rotary evaporated and purified using a preparative HPLC (prep-HPLC) system.
[0244] (2E) -N- (hept-6-yn-1-yl) -3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylimidic acid (CAA)
[0245] Synthesized according to general procedure 1. Purified by prep-HPLC (10-50%ACN / H2O in a 40 min gradient) to afford CAA as a white solid (53.03 mg, 34%) ; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.80 (s, 1H) , 7.95 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.62 –7.57 (m, 0.4 H) , 7.41 –7.35 (m, 2H) , 7.30 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H) , 6.81 –6.75 (m, 2H) , 6.71 –6.67 (m, 0.2 H) , 6.48 (d, J = 12.9 Hz, 0.2 H) , 6.39 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H) , 5.76 (d, J = 12.9 Hz, 0.2 H) , 3.11 (m, 2H) , 2.74 (t, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.19 –2.10 (m, 2H) , 1.50 –1.37 (m, 5H) , 1.40 –1.30 (m, 2H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] +calcd. for C16H20NO2+: 258.1488; found: 258.1488.
[0246] N-(hept-6-yn-1-yl) cinnamimidic acid (2)
[0247] Synthesized according to general procedure 1. Purified by prep-HPLC (5%-70% (H2O / FA) / ACN in a 10 min gradient) to afford 2 as a white solid (12.4 mg, 15.23%) ; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.10 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.57 –7.54 (m, 2H) , 7.43 –7.35 (m, 4H) , 6.62 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.18 –3.14 (m, 2H) , 2.75 (t, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H) , 2.17 –2.14 (m, 2H) , 1.49 –1.42 (m, 4H) , 1.41 –1.34 (m, 2H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] + calcd. for C16H20NO+: 242.1539; found: 242.1534.
[0248] 4- (3- (hept-6-yn-1-ylamino) -3-hydroxypropyl) phenol (3) .
[0249] Synthesized according to general procedure 1. Purified by prep-HPLC (5%-70% (H2O / FA) / ACN in a 10 min gradient) to afford 3 as a white like solid (64.00 mg, 41.66%) ; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.15 (s, 1H) , 7.75 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.97 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H) , 6.64 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 3.00 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.74 –2.73 (m, 1H) , 2.68 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H) , 2.28 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H) , 2.15 –2.11 (m, 2H) , 1.45 –1.39 (m, 2H) , 1.36 –1.32 (m, 2H) , 1.32 –1.24 (m, 2H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] + calcd. for C16H22NO2+: 260.1645; found: 260.1642.
[0250] (2E) -N- (hept-6-yn-1-yl) -3- (2-hydroxyphenyl) acrylimidic acid (6)
[0251] Synthesized according to general procedure 1. Purified by prep-HPLC (ACN / H2O with 0.1%FA, 20-50%ACN in a 30 min gradient) to afford 6 as a white solid (8.69 mg, 6%) ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.99 (s, 1H) , 8.01 (s, 1H) , 7.55 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.35 (d, J =7.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.21 –7.06 (m, 1H) , 6.92 –6.73 (m, 2H) , 6.58 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.09 (d, J =7.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.71 (s, 1H) , 2.17 –2.04 (m, 2H) , 1.36 (d, J = 31.7 Hz, 6H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] + calcd. for C16H20NO2+: 258.1488; found: 258.1485.
[0252] (2E) -N- (hept-6-yn-1-yl) -3- (3-hydroxyphenyl) acrylimidic acid (7)
[0253] Synthesized according to general procedure 1. Purified by prep-HPLC (10-50%ACN / H2O in a 40 min gradient) to afford 7 as a yellow solid (19.55 mg, 12%) ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.68 (s, 1H) , 8.19 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.45 –7.23 (m, 2H) , 7.01 (d, J = 22.4 Hz, 2H) , 6.84 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.59 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.29 –3.16 (m, 2H) , 2.83 (t, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.29 –2.16 (m, 2H) , 1.60 –1.37 (m, 6H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] + calcd. for C16H20NO2+: 258.1488; found: 258.1487.
[0254] (2E) -N- (hept-6-yn-1-yl) -3- (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acrylimidic acid (8)
[0255] Synthesized according to general procedure 1. Purified by prep-HPLC (40%-95% (H2O / NH3H2O) / ACN in a 10 min gradient) to afford 8 as a colorless oil (10.9 mg, 14.74%) ; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.40 (brs, 1H) , 7.94 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.30 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.11 (s, 1H) , 6.98 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 6.79 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 6.43 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.80 (s, 3H) , 3.17-3.13 (m, 2H) , 2.74 (t, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H) , 2.21 –2.12 (m, 2H) , 1.49 –1.42 (m, 4H) , 1.40 –1.34 (m, 2H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] + calcd. for C17H22NO3+: 288.1594; found: 288.1591.
[0256] Synthetic Example 2. Synthesis of CAA’.
[0257] Scheme 2. Synthetic route of CAA’
[0258] (2E) -N-heptyl-3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylimidic acid (ACA)
[0259] Synthesized according to general procedure 1. Purified by prep-HPLC (30-95%ACN / H2O with 0.1%FA in a 20 min gradient) to afford ACA as a white solid (15.20 mg, 48%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.87 (s, 1H) , 7.97 –7.94 (m, 1H) , 7.43 –7.27 (m, 3H) , 6.84 –6.76 (m, 2H) , 6.43 –6.38 (m, 1H) , 3.16 –3.13 (m, 2H) , 1.47 –1.43 (m, 2H) , 1.32 –1.25 (m, 8H) , 0.90 –0.86 (m, 3H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] + calcd. for C16H24NO2+: 262.18016; found: 262.17968.
[0260] Synthetic Example 3. Synthesis of 1
[0261] Scheme 3. Synthetic route of probe 1
[0262] Procedure 3:
[0263] (2E) -N- (hept-6-yn-1-yl) -3- (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acrylimidic acid (1) .
[0264] To a solution of trans-p-coumaric acid (2 mmol, 1.0 equiv. ) in acetonitrile and methanol (8 mL, MeCN / MeOH = 98: 2) , n-butylamine (2 mmol, 1.0 equiv. ) was added. The reaction mixture was then evacuated and backfilled with argon three times. After irradiation under 365 nm UV light and stirring at room temperature for 16 hours, the solvents were evaporated to afford crude cis-p-coumaric acid. The obtained residue was dissolved in EtOAc, washed with aqueous HCl solution (10 mL, 1M) and brine (10 mL) , and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 to afford the crude product, which was used directly without further purification.
[0265] The crude cis-p-coumaric acid (0.5 mmol) obtained from the previous step was dissolved in DCM (5 mL) , followed by the addition of DIPEA (1.5 mmol) , HATU (0.5 mmol) , and oct-7-yn-1-amine (0.55 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction was then diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) and washed with 1M HCl solution and saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The organic layer was collected, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product, which was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2, 100%petroleum ether to 20%EtOAc in petroleum ether) to yield product 1 as a white solid. The desired product was further purified by prep-HPLC (40%-95% (H2O / NH3. H2O) / ACN in a 10 min gradient) to afford 1 as a colorless oil (40 mg, 90%) .
[0266] 1H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.37 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H) , 6.79 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 3H) , 6.69 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H) , 5.83 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H) , 5.64 (s, 1H) , 3.27 –3.23 (m, 2H) , 2.17 –2.14 (m, 2H) , 1.94 (s, 1H) , 1.49 –1.45 (m, 4H) , 1.39 –1.33 (m, 2H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] +calcd. for C16H20NO2+: 258.1489; found: 258.1487.
[0267] Synthetic Example 4. Synthesis of 4
[0268] Scheme 4. Synthetic route of probe 4
[0269] (E) -1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) dec-1-en-9-yn-3-one (4) .
[0270] To a solution of p-coumaric acid (1.23 g, 7.5 mmol, 1.50 equiv. ) in 50 mL CH3CN / THF (CH3CN / THF = 2: 3 ratio) was added (7-iodohept-1-yn-1-yl) tri -isopropylsilane (1.89 g, 4.99 mmol, 1.0 equiv. ) , Ni (acac) 2 (128 mg, 0.50 mmol, 0.1 equiv. ) , 4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (199 mg, 0.60 mmol, 0.12 equiv. ) , (Boc) 2O (2.18 g, 9.99 mmol, 2.0 equiv. ) , Zn (0.98 g, 14.98 mmol, 3.0 equiv. ) , and MgCl2 (713 mg, 7.49 mmol, 1.5equiv. ) . The reaction mixture was evacuated and backfill with argon 3 times, and then stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, at which point TLC and LCMS monitoring confirmed the formation of desired product. The reaction mixture was directly concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2, 100%petroleum ether to 30%EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford the TIPS-protected intermediate as colorless oil (80 mg, 4%yield) . TIPS-protected intermediate was dissolved in anhydrous THF (1.5 mL) and added TBAF (0.4 mL, 0.4 mmol, 1M in THF) at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude product, which was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2, 100%petroleum ether to 40%EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford probe 4. Probe 4 was further purified by prep-HPLC (40%-95% (H2O / NH3H2O) / ACN in a 10 min gradient) ) to afford 4 as a white solid (17 mg, 35%) .
[0271] 1H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.50 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.44 (m, 2H) , 6.89 –6.82 (m, 2H) , 6.62 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H) , 2.66 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.21 –2.11 (m, 2H) , 1.94 (s, 1H) , 1.71 –1.65 (m, 2H) , 1.60 –1.56 (m, 2H) , 1.47 –1.44 (m, 2H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] +calcd. for C16H19O2+: 243.1380; found: 243.1376.
[0272] Synthetic Example 5. Synthesis of 5
[0273] Scheme 5. Synthetic route of probe 5
[0274] (E) -4- (non-1-en-8-yn-1-yl) phenol (5)
[0275] 8-Iodooct-1-yne (360 mg, 1.52 mmol, 1.0 equiv. ) was dissolved in 3 mL toluene, then triphenylphosphine (400 mg, 1.52 mmol, 1.0 equiv. ) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 6 hours, monitored by TLC to confirm the completion of the reaction. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the crude phosphonium salt product, which was used directly without purification. Phosphonium salt (93.5 mg, 0.19 mmol, 1.0 equiv. ) obtained from the previous step was dissolved in anhydrous THF, followed by the dropwise addition of LiHMDS (0.45 mL, 2.40 equiv., 0.45 mmol, 1M in THF) at -78℃. The mixture was stirred at -78℃ for 1 hour before adding 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (45.8 mg, 0.38 mmol, 2.0 equiv. ) . After the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 2 hours, then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for another 12 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL) . The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (5-10%EtOAc in petroleum ether) . Probe 4 was further purified by prep-HPLC (40%-95% (H2O / NH3H2O) / ACN in a 10 min gradient) to give pure product 5 (5.6 mg, 14%yield) .
[0276] 1H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.24 –7.20 (m, 2H) , 6.80 –6.72 (m, 2H) , 6.31 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H) , 6.10 –6.02 (m, 1H) , 4.73 (s, 1H) , 2.23 –2.15 (m, 4H) , 1.94 (s, 1H) , 1.56 –1.51 (m, 2H) , 1.55 –1.38 (m, 4H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] + calcd. for C15H19O+: 215.1430; found: 215.1432.
[0277] Synthetic Example 6. Synthesis of curcumin derivatives
[0278] Scheme 6. Synthetic route of curcumin derivatives.
[0279] (1E, 6E) -1- (3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) -7- (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) hepta-1, 6-diene-3, 5-dione (MC)
[0280] To a solution of Curcumin (200 mg, 0.54 mmol, 1.0 equiv. ) in 3 mL of DMF was added K2CO3 (150 mg, 1.09 mmol, 2.0 equiv. ) , followed by MeI (100 mg, 0.71 mmol, 1.3 equiv. ) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, during which LCMS monitoring indicated completion of the reaction. The mixture was then diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc three times. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (60%-95%CH3CN in H2O containing 0.5%formic acid) to afford MC as a yellow solid (4.2 mg, 2%) .
[0281] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.61 (s, 1H) , 7.51 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.27 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.20 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.09 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.95 (d, J =8.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.77 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1H) , 6.75 (d, J = 3.1 Hz, 1H) , 6.70 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.02 (s, 1H) , 3.77 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 6H) , 3.74 (s, 3H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] + calcd. for C22H23O6+: 383.1489; found: 383.1484.
[0282] (1E, 6E) -1, 7-bis (3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) hepta-1, 6-diene-3, 5-dione (DMC)
[0283] To a solution of Curcumin (50 mg, 0.14 mmol, 1.0 equiv. ) in 1 mL of DMF was added K2CO3 (38 mg, 0.27 mmol, 2.0 equiv. ) , followed by MeI (39 mg, 0.27 mmol, 2.0 equiv. ) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, during which LCMS monitoring indicated completion of the reaction. The mixture was then diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc three times. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (60%-95%CH3CN in H2O containing 0.5%formic acid) to give DMC as a yellow solid (8.9 mg, 17%) .
[0284] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.60 (s, 1H) , 7.57 (s, 1H) , 7.36 -7.35 (m, 2H) , 7.27 -7.26 (m, 2H) , 7.02 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H) , 6.84 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 2H) , 6.11 (s, 1H) , 3.82 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 12H) . ESI-HRMS: m / z [M+H] + calcd. for C23H25O6+: 397.1645; found: 397.1643.
[0285] Application of Example Probes
[0286] Application Example 1. In-Gel Fluorescence for Labeling of Proteins with CAA and its analog probes in Live Cells
[0287] · General procedure 1a (click reaction for gel imaging) : In all the experimental groups mentioned above, freshly prepared pre-mixed click chemistry reaction mixtures were added (TAMRA-N3 dissolved in DMSO to a final concentration of 10 μM; TBTA dissolved in DMSO to a final concentration of 51 μM; CuSO4 dissolved in water to a final concentration of 1 mM; TCEP dissolved in water to a final concentration of 1 mM) . Then samples were incubated at a room temperature for 2 hours.
[0288] · General procedure 2a (gel imaging) : After incubation, all samples were dissolved in 1× SDS loading buffer and heated at 95℃ for 5 minutes. Then, 15μg of protein from each channel was loaded onto an SDS-PAGE gel (12%gel) and subjected to electrophoresis for 2 hours. The gel was initially visualized via Bio-Rad ChemiDoc MP Imagining in gel fluorescence, followed by Coomassie brilliant blue staining, destaining and Imagining.
[0289] · Hela cells were grown in 10 cm culture dishes until they reached 80-90%confluence. The culture medium was removed, and the cells were washed twice with PBS. Then, the cells were treated with 10 μM probes, numbered CAA, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, for 1 hour. Afterward, the culture medium was aspirated, and the cells were washed twice with PBS to remove excess probes.
[0290] · Cell lysates were prepared by adding a protease inhibitor-containing cell lysis buffer (1×PBS, 0.1%TritonX-100 (v / v) , 1×Protease inhibitor cocktails without EDTA) to the cells, followed by sonication in an ice bath. The supernatant containing proteins was obtained after centrifugation. Protein concentration was measured using the BCA protein assay, and the protein solution was diluted to 2 mg / mL with PBS.
[0291] · Lysates from HeLa cells with probe treatment were also prepared. Protein concentration was measured using the BCA protein assay, and the protein solution was diluted to 2 mg / mL with PBS. Then, 10 μM probe was added, and the samples were incubated for 1 hour.
[0292] · After incubation, the samples underwent a click reaction (see general procedure 1a) and gel imaging (see general procedure 2a) .
[0293] The FIG. 1 shows that only CAA and probes 4 and 5 can label proteins; among them, CAA can label proteins in situ only.
[0294] Application Example 2. In-Gel Fluorescence for Competitive Labeling of Proteins with CAA in Live Cells or Lysates
[0295] · Hela, HepG2, or 293T cells were grown in 10 cm culture dishes until they reached 80-90%confluence. The culture medium was removed, and the cells were washed twice with PBS. Then, the cells were treated with or without a competitive molecule (i.e., compound CAA’, at a concentration of 100 μM) and 10 μM probe for 1 hour. Afterward, the culture medium was aspirated, and the cells were washed twice with PBS to remove excess probe and competitive molecules.
[0296] · Cell lysates were prepared by adding a protease inhibitor-containing cell lysis buffer (1×PBS, 0.1%TritonX-100 (v / v) , 1×Protease inhibitor cocktails without EDTA) to the cells, followed by sonication in an ice bath. The supernatant containing proteins was obtained after centrifugation. Protein concentration was measured using the BCA protein assay, and the protein solution was diluted to 2 mg / mL with PBS.
[0297] · Lysates from the three types of cells without probe treatment were also prepared. Protein concentration was measured using the BCA protein assay, and the protein solution was diluted to 2 mg / mL with PBS. Then, in the presence or absence of the competitive molecule (i.e., compound CAA’, at a concentration of 100 μM) , 10 μM probe was added, and the samples were incubated for 1 hour.
[0298] · After incubation, the samples underwent a click reaction (see general procedure 1a) and gel imaging (see general procedure 2a) .
[0299] From FIG. 2, it can be observed that the mono-phenol covalent probe CAA demonstrated effective labeling of proteins exclusively in live cells, exhibiting poor labeling efficiency in lysates; moreover, the labeling events were irreversible, and the presence of competitive molecule CAA’ showed a noticeable competitive effect.
[0300] The phenomenon that the labeling was far more efficient in live cells compared to cell lysates was different from reported probes targeting Cys or its oxidation state, suggested that the mono-phenol covalent probe CAA of the present disclosure harnesses a novel mechanism to function.
[0301] Application Example 3. Comparative In-Gel Fluorescence Experiment of CAA and Dyn-2 Probes Labeling Proteins in Live Cells or Lysates Under Hydrogen Peroxide treatment
[0302] · Hela cells were grown in a 10 cm culture dish to 80-90%confluence. For group A samples, the corresponding concentration of hydrogen peroxide was added, followed by a 5-minute treatment. The cells were then washed twice with PBS, and 100 μM of the probe was added. The cells were incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour, and then the cells were lysed and collected. For group C samples, the corresponding concentration of hydrogen peroxide was added, followed by a 5-minute treatment. The cells were washed twice with PBS and collected without adding the probe. For group B samples, no treatment was applied, and the cells were collected directly after lysis.
[0303] · After measuring the protein concentration using the BCA protein assay, the protein samples from all experimental groups were diluted to 2 mg / mL with PBS.
[0304] · For group A samples, no further treatment was applied. For group B samples, the corresponding concentration of hydrogen peroxide was added, followed by a 5-minute treatment, and then 100 μM of the probe was added, and the samples were incubated at room temperature for 1 hour. For group C samples, 100 μM of the probe was added, and the samples were incubated at room temperature for 1 hour.
[0305] · After incubation, the samples underwent a click reaction (see general procedure 1a) and gel imaging (see general procedure 2a) .
[0306] The results indicate that in live cells, the labeling effect of probe CAA is significantly better than Dyn-2, but the effect is poorer in lysates. By comparing the labeling bands of CAA and Dyn-2, it can be seen that there is a significant overlap (see FIG. 3) .
[0307] Application Example 4. Comparative In-Gel Fluorescence of Labeling Proteins with CAA Probes in Live Cells
[0308] · Hela cells were grown in 10 cm culture dishes until they reached 80-90%confluence. The culture medium was removed, and the cells were washed twice with PBS. Then, the cells were treated with a competitive molecule (i.e., compound 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16, at a concentration of 100 μM) and 10 μM probe for 1 hour. Afterward, the culture medium was aspirated, and the cells were washed twice with PBS to remove excess probe and competitive molecules.
[0309] · Cell lysates were prepared by adding a protease inhibitor-containing cell lysis buffer (1×PBS, 0.1%TritonX-100 (v / v) , 1×Protease inhibitor cocktails without EDTA) to the cells, followed by sonication in an ice bath. The supernatant containing proteins was obtained after centrifugation. Protein concentration was measured using the BCA protein assay, and the protein solution was diluted to 2 mg / mL with PBS.
[0310] · After incubation, the samples underwent a click reaction (see general procedure 1a) and gel imaging (see general procedure 2a) .
[0311] · For the competition gel experiment of curcumin and its derivatives, four compounds, including curcumin (CUR) , tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) , curcumin (MC) and dimethyl curcumin (DMC) , were further selected. After incubation with 100μM curcumin and its derivatives (CUR, THC, MC and DMC) for 4h, HeLa cells were recovered for 30min and incubated with 10μM CAA for 1h. The next steps is the same as the gel-based competitive ABPP in the application example 4 above.
[0312] The result shows that in live cells, the labeling effect of probe CAA is significantly decreased by CUR, THC, MC and DMC (FIG. 4 and FIG. 5) .
[0313] Application Example 5: Qualitative Chemoproteomics Experiment Revealing that CAA Targeting Sulfenic acid form of Cysteine Residues
[0314] · Hela cells were cultivated in a 10 cm dish until they reached approximately 90% confluence. The culture medium was removed, and the cells were washed twice with 2 mL of PBS. Then, 4 mL of DMEM containing the CAA probe solution in DMSO (final probe concentration of 30 μM or 300 μM, final DMSO concentration of 1%) was added, two biological replicates per group. The cells were incubated at 37℃ in a CO2 incubator for 60 minutes. After washing the culture dish twice with 2 mL of cold PBS, the cells were collected in a 5 mL centrifuge tube. The dish was again washed twice with 1 mL of cold PBS, and the wash solution was combined with the cell suspension.
[0315] · Next, 500 μL of pre-cooled lysis buffer was added to the cell pellet, and the cells were resuspended thoroughly by pipetting. After sonication on ice, the supernatant was collected, and the protein concentration was measured using the BCA method.
[0316] · The protein concentration was adjusted to 2 mg / mL, a freshly prepared click reagent mixture (containing isoDTB-L or isoDTB-H) was added to each tube, and the mixture was shaken on an oscillator (25℃, 1400 rpm) for 2 hours. The components of the click reagent mixture included TBTA dissolved in DMSO at a final concentration of 51μM, CuSO4 dissolved in H2O at a final concentration of 1 mM, isoDTB-L or H dissolved in DMSO at a final concentration of 150μM, and TCEP dissolved in H2O at a final concentration of 1mM.
[0317] · After the click reaction, the samples were transferred to 15 mL centrifuge tubes, and 5 mL of cold methanol was added. The mixture was vortexed for 20 seconds and then placed at -20℃ overnight to allow complete protein precipitation. Specifically, proteins labeled by the probe at both high and low concentrations (30 vs 300 μM) were conjugated to isoDTB-H / L isotopic tags via click reaction and subsequently mixed equivalently in both forward and reverse configurations.
[0318] · The precipitate was collected and washed with methanol. Then, 300μL of 0.1 M TEAB was added to resuspend the precipitate, followed by the addition of 900μL of 0.1 M TEAB to achieve a final urea concentration of 2 M.
[0319] · 200μL of streptavidin beads were washed with double-distilled water three times and 0.1 M TEAB once, then dispersed in 1.2 mL of 0.2%NP40 in 0.1 M TEAB solution. These washed beads were added to the samples and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours with rotation. After incubation, the supernatant was discarded following centrifugation, and the beads were resuspended in 600μL of 0.1%NP40 / PBS. The beads were then washed twice with 600μL of 0.1%NP40 in PBS, followed by three washes with 1× PBS and three washes with ddH2O.
[0320] · Next, 300μL of 10 mM TCEP was added, and the beads were incubated at 37℃ for 45 minutes under 800 rpm shaking conditions. After this incubation, 300μL of 10 mM iodoacetamide was added, and the beads were incubated at 25℃ for 30 minutes under the same shaking conditions. The beads were then centrifuged to remove the supernatant.
[0321] · After two washes with 200μL of 50 mM TEAB (pH=8.5) , 2μg (4μL) of trypsin in 220μL of 50 mM TEAB was added to the beads. The beads were then placed in a temperature-controlled mixer at 37℃, 1400 rpm for an overnight incubation (16 hours) .
[0322] · Following incubation, the beads were centrifuged (1000g, 1 minute) , and the supernatant was discarded. The beads were washed three times with 600μL of 2M urea in PBS, followed by three washes with PBS and three washes with MS grade water. 100μL of elution buffer (0.1%TFA in 50%acetonitrile-water solution) was then added, and the mixture was incubated for 10 minutes with shaking at 800 rpm. This process was repeated twice, and the liquid collected as the "site component. " The sample was then dried using SpeedVac.
[0323] · After desalting the "Site Component, " mass spectrometry identification was performed using a 2-hour gradient on Orbitrap Fusion Lumos. Briefly, MS1 spectra were acquired at 60-K resolving power with a maximum of 50-ms ion injection time in the Orbitrap. MS2 spectra were acquired by selecting the top ten most abundant features via high-energy collisional induced dissociation (HCD) in the Orbitrap at 15-K resolution using an automatic gain control (AGC) setting of 50 K, a collision energy of 35%, a quadrupole isolation window of 1.2 m / z, and a maximum ion injection time of 22ms.
[0324] · To survey the landscape of all mass shifts observed on peptides in the data sets, an OpenSearch was performed with MSFragger. For this purpose, the following settings were used: Precursor mass tolerance -150 to 1000 Da, (initial) fragment mass tolerance 20 ppm, Calibration and Optimization “Mass calibration, parameter optimization” enabled, Isotope Error “0” , enzyme name “trypsin” , cut after “KR” , but not before “P” , cleavage “enzymatic” , missed cleavages “2” , Clip N-term N enabled, peptide length 7 to 50, peptide mass range 500, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5000 Da, no variable modifications, no fixed modifications, all other options were left at the standard settings. For downstream data analysis, the “global. modsummary. tsv” file was loaded and the values for the number of PSMs ( “default-ptmshepherd-dataset (PSMs) ” ) were plotted against the “Theoretical Mass Shift” in the mass range between 400 and 1000 Da.
[0325] · To analyse the amino acid selectivity, an Offset Search was performed in MSFragger. For this purpose, the following settings were used in MSFragger: Precursor mass tolerance -20 to 20 ppm, fragment mass tolerance 20 ppm, Calibration and Optimization “None” , Isotope Error “0 / 1 / 2” , enzyme name “trypsin” , cut after “KR” , but not before “P” , cleavage “enzymatic” , missed cleavages “2” , Clip N-term N enabled, peptide length 7 to 50, peptide mass range 500, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5000 Da, variable modification of 57.02146 Da on C with max. 3 occurrences, no fixed modifications, mass offsets set according to the result of open search. For downstream data analysis, the two “*. tsv” files for the two experiments were individually processed. Only entries were retained that were localized to a unique residue as seen by containing one lower-case letter (If there is no lower-case letter, the score for the unmodified peptide was higher than that for the best modified peptide and therefore no localization was performed) . The fraction of all sites that was modified at each amino acid and the termini was reported.
[0326] Mass spectra were analyzed using the FragPipe pipeline's open search workflow, identifying mass shifts of 754.4126 and 760.4198 Da, which exceed the theoretical masses of CAA-DTB adducts by 16 Da, indicating an extra oxygen atom (FIG. 6A) . Subsequent offset search analysis revealed high selectivity for cysteine residues (FIG. 6B) . Diagnostic ion mining identified three significant diagnostic ions, particularly DI-1 (771.3992 for light, 777.4084 for heavy) , suggesting the inclusion of cysteine atoms (FIG. 6C, 6D and 6E) . The analysis points to three potential mechanisms for incorporating the extra oxygen atom into the probe's structure, with precursor-1 as the most viable candidate (FIG. 7) , indicating thaht CAA labels protein sulfenic acids (Cys-SOHs) in live cells (FIG. 8) . Salma Akter et al. reported 1100 Cys-SOH sites in HeLa cell lysates, with 176 overlapping sites and 338 proteins shared with our CAA data, indicating distinct targeting by the two probes (FIG. 9A, 9B) . Notably, BTD requires higher concentration (5 mM) and is limited to lysates.
[0327] Application Example 6: Chemical proteomics-based competitive ABPP for CAA by Label-Free Quantification.
[0328] · Hela cells were grown in 10 cm culture dishes until they reached 80-90%confluence. The culture medium was removed, and the cells were washed twice with PBS. Then, the cells were treated with curcumin (CUR) , tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) , curcumin (MC) or dimethyl curcumin (DMC) , while the blank control group was incubated with DMSO. After incubation with DMSO or 50μM competitors for 4h, HeLa cells were recovered for 30min and incubated with 100 μM probe for 1 hour. Afterward, the culture medium was aspirated, and the cells were washed twice with PBS to remove excess probe and competitive molecules.
[0329] · Cell lysates were prepared by adding a protease inhibitor-containing cell lysis buffer (1×PBS, 0.1%TritonX-100 (v / v) , 1×Protease inhibitor cocktails without EDTA) to the cells, followed by sonication in an ice bath. The supernatant containing proteins was obtained after centrifugation. Protein concentration was measured using the BCA protein assay, and the protein solution was diluted to 2 mg / mL with PBS.
[0330] · The protein concentration was adjusted to 2 mg / mL. a freshly prepared click reagent mixture (containing isoDTB) was added to each tube, and the mixture was shaken on an oscillator (25℃, 1400 rpm) for 2 hours. The components of the click reagent mixture included TBTA dissolved in DMSO at a final concentration of 51μM, CuSO4 dissolved in H2O at a final concentration of 1 mM, isoDTB-L or H dissolved in DMSO at a final concentration of 150μM, and TCEP dissolved in H2O at a final concentration of 1mM.
[0331] · After the click reaction, the samples were transferred to 15 mL centrifuge tubes, and 5 mL of cold methanol was added. The mixture was vortexed for 20 seconds and then placed at -20℃ overnight to allow complete protein precipitation.
[0332] · The following steps of the experiment are the same as application example 5.
[0333] FIG. 10A and 10B are overview of targets and Cys sites of the selected compounds CUR, THC, MC and DMC. All the protein targets were queried against the DrugBank database (https: / / go. drugbank. com / contact) and fractionated into DrugBank and non-DrugBank proteins (see FIG. 10C) .
[0334] In this invention, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those familiar to those skilled in the art in this field. Furthermore, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the methods of this invention. The preferred embodiments and materials described herein are for illustrative purposes only. The above-described embodiments represent only several embodiments of the present invention, which are described in a specific and detailed manner. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent for the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art in this field, without departing from the concept of the present invention, various modifications and improvements can still be made, and these are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula (I) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, whereinR1 has a structure of Q- (CH2) n-X- (CH2) m-Y whereQ is selected from the group consisting of -CH2-and -C (=O) -;X is selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, and -O-;Y is selected from the group consisting of(1) azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl,(2) biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group, and(3) a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl;n is an integral of 0 to 5;and m is an integral of 1 to 5;R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, -NO2, -PO (OH) 2, or a structure of -L-R2’, whereL is a bivalent group selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -SO-and -SO2-, andR2’ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl.2.The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula (Ia) or (Ib) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof.3.The compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is of Formula (II) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, whereinR1’ has a structure of - (CH2) n-X- (CH2) m-Y, whereX is selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, and -O-;Y is selected from the group consisting of(1) azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl,(2) biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group, and(3) a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl;n is an integral of 0 to 5; andm is an integral of 1 to 5;R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, -NO2, -PO (OH) 2, or a structure of -L-R2’, whereL is a bivalent group selected from the group consisting of -CH2, -NH-, -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -SO-and -SO2-, andR2’ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl.4.The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compound is of Formula (IIa) or (IIb) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof.5.The compound according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the compound is of Formula (III) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,R1” has a structure of - (CH2) m-Y, whereY is selected from the group consisting of(1) azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl,(2) biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group, or(3) a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl; andm is an integral of 1 to 5;R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, -NO2, -PO (OH) 2, or a structure of -L-R2’, whereL is a bivalent group selected from the group consisting of -CH2, -NH-, -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -SO-and -SO2-, andR2’ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl.6.The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the compound is of Formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof.7.The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of(1) -C≡CH,(2) (3) 8.The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the compound is of Formula (I) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, whereinR1 has a structure of Q- (CH2) n-X- (CH2) m-Y whereQ is absent or -C (=O) -;X is absent or -NH-;Y is selected from the group consisting of(1) -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl, for example, -CH3, -CH2CH3, preferably Ra is hydrogen,(2) biotin, desthiobiotin, and a fluorescent group, and(3) a group generated through click reaction of biotin, desthiobiotin, or fluorescent group with azide, tetrazine, optionally substituted strained alkenyl, optionally substituted strained alkynyl, -C≡C-Ra, where Ra is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, and C1-5 haloalkyl;n is an integral of 0 to 5, or 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, preferably n is 0; andm is an integral of 1 to 5, or 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, preferably m is 5;R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH, and -OC1-5 alkyl, preferably R2 is hydrogen or -OCH3.9.The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the compound is of Formula (Ia) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, whereinR1 has a structure of Q- (CH2) n-X- (CH2) m-Y whereQ is absent or -C (=O) -;X is absent or -NH-;Y is -C≡CH;n is an integral of 0 to 5, or 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; andm is an integral of 1 to 5, or 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH, -OCH3, and -OCH2CH3.10.The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the following: 11.Use of a compound according to any of claims 1 to 10 in labeling protein.12.Use of a compound according to any of claims 1 to 10 in preparation of an agent for labeling protein.13.A method for labeling protein, comprising a step of contacting a compound according to any of claims 1 to 10 with the protein.14.The method according to claim 13, wherein the protein is a protein in living cell.15.The method according to claim 14, wherein the living cell is a cell derived from microorganism, plant or animal, especially mammal, for example human.16.The method according to any of claims 13 to 15, wherein the compound selectively modifies Cys, especially those in the sulfenic acid form.17.The method according to any of claims 13 to 16, wherein the method further comprises a step of enriching, isolating, purifying and / or identifying the labeled protein.18.The method according to any of claims 13 to 16, wherein the method further comprises a step of detecting a detectable signal emitted by the labeled protein, especially, the detectable signal is a fluorescent signal.
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