Single-cell derived, TRKA positive immortalized human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell line
A single-cell derived, TrkA positive hBMSC line addresses the challenge of studying NGF-related pathways by providing a homogeneous and controllable cell material for NGF-responsive osteogenic differentiation, enhancing research and therapeutic applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/072953
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-01-17
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-24
AI Technical Summary
The lack of a homogeneous and NGF-responsive immortalized human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell line hinders the study of the NGF-related pathway in the skeletal system and osteogenesis, as existing cell lines are donor-dependent, heterogeneous, and lack quantifiable data readouts for NGF-related signals.
A single-cell derived, TrkA positive immortalized human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell line (hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos) is developed through lentiviral transduction and clone selection, allowing for controlled proliferation and enhanced osteogenic differentiation in response to NGF/TrkA signaling, providing a homogeneous cell material for precise protein and molecular signaling studies.
The cell line offers reliable and controllable research tools for studying the NGF/TrkA pathway, enabling precise protein studies, drug screening, and tissue engineering applications, with improved translation to human health by avoiding inter-species differences.
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Figure PCTCN2025072953-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
SINGLE-CELL DERIVED, TRKA POSITIVE IMMORTALIZED HUMAN BONE MARROW-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL LINE
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0002] The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 621,757, filed January 17, 2024, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present invention is a single-cell derived TrkA positive immortalized cell line derived from human primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) with standardized readouts of bioactivity, such as mineralization responding to NGF / TrkA signaling. The cell line is available for mass production, which provides reliable cell materials for research applications and a unique research tool to study the NGF / TrkA signal pathway in the musculoskeletal system and its interaction with the nervous system.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are important adult stem cell sources for scientific research and clinical application due to their self-renewal ability and multipotency. However, the application of primarily isolated hBMSCs is limited by the available cell number and differentiation ability, because the adult primary isolated stem cells are usually donor-dependent with high heterogeneity. In addition, the in vitro expansion procedure increases the cell senescence in higher passages1. To maintain the cell phenotype with unlimited proliferation capacity, immortalization of adult tissue derived stem cells can be established2. Immortalized cell lines are widely used to investigate biological function, cell behavior, gene expression, and can be applied in protein production, drug screening, stem cell research, and tissue engineering and regeneration.
[0005] Adult hBMSCs contribute to the homeostasis of the skeletal system. During development, BMSCs form bone, cartilage, and many mesoderm tissues under the regulation of different cytokine profiles. Among many known cytokines, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) , bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) , insulin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukins, the function of nerve growth factor (NGF) on BMSCs is less studied. NGF participates in the maintenance of skeletal pain and regulates the crosstalk of the peripheral nervous system and skeletal system3, 4. Accumulating evidence supports the critical role of NGF / tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) signalling in the musculoskeletal system5. TrkA is a high-affinity receptor of NGF. NGF / TrkA signalling involved in bone formation 5, 6, mechanical adaption5, and fracture healing10, 11; further, NGF promotes BMSC survival in transplanted tissue during BMSC transplantation therapy12. In skeletal biology, more than 80%of sensory nerve fibers innervating bone are TrkA-positive13, and NGF can serve as a skeletal neurotrophin in animal models to promote sensory innervation and bone development5. NGF / TrkA signalling agonists (NGF and NGF derived small peptide, Nsp) enhanced the calcification of human adult primary articular chondrocytes in osteogenic medium9, suggesting the osteogenic enhancing effect of the activation of NGF / TrkA signalling.
[0006] However, there are also challenges in studying the NGF-related pathway in the skeletal system and osteogenesis due to the lack of an NGF response and the ability of a highly homogeneous cell line to catch and reflect the delicate NGF-related signals with quantifiable data readouts. Thus, in order to better study the NGF-related pathway in the skeletal system, there is a need for an NGF-responsive immortalized hBMSC cell line with enhanced osteogenic capacity.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The subject invention relates to an NGF responsive immortalized human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) cell line, which is single-cell derived, TrkA positive, and possesses enhanced osteogenic differentiation capacity in response to NGF / TrkA pathway agonists. In certain embodiments, the subject cell line can be used for studying the NGF-related pathway in the skeletal system and osteogenesis.
[0008] More specifically, the present invention is a single-cell derived, TrkA positive immortalized cell line, such as, for example, a hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cell line, derived from human primary BMSC with enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential responding to NGF / TrkA signaling (FIG. 1A) . This cell line provides an approachable, controllable, and homogenous cell material with a variety of applications. The cell line of the subject invention is derived from human tissue and avoids inter-species differences, such as, for example, differences in anatomy, molecular pathways, and metabolism that can affect the mode of action. Advantageously, the research results produced from the subject human-derived cells can better translate to human health when compared to cells derived from non-human animals.
[0009] In certain embodiments, the immortalization procedure of the subject invention yields cells that proliferate indefinitely under the control of doxycycline (Dox) ; therefore, the cell can be customized to control the proliferation of the cells. Cells can grow without limitation under the treatment of Dox during the expansion stage to collect cells for further scientific or clinical application. When Dox is removed from the culture medium, cells can experience natural passaging and aging for designated biological function and cell behavior studies.
[0010] In some embodiments, the cell line of the subject invention is single-cell clone derived and the cell progeny have high homogeneity, allowing for the precise study of protein and molecular signaling, gene profiling, cell differentiation trajectory, commercial drug production, and drug screening. Additionally, the subject cell line is specifically responsive to NGF / TrkA agonists and can be used to study the interplay of the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system, particularly for the effect of the NGF / TrkA signal pathway on the skeletal system.
[0011] The compositions and methods of the subject invention provide a cell line that allows cells to possess osteogenic differentiation capacity and can be used in disease modeling and drug screening in vitro and tissue engineering and regeneration applications in vivo (FIG. 1B) .BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] FIGs. 1A-1B. About the hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cell line. FIG. 1A Schematic diagrams for generating the subject cell line. This subject cell line is an immortalized human BMSC cell line derived from single-cell clone selection with TrkA positive expression. This cell line is an approachable (unlimited cell proliferation) , controllable (under doxycycline) , and homogenous (single-cell clone) cell material with a specific response for nerve growth factor and osteogenic differentiation capacity. FIG. 1B Features and applications of this invention.
[0013] FIGs. 2A-2C. TrkAPos Human primary BMSC isolation and phenotypic characterization. (FIG. 2A) The original derivation of hBMSCs were harvested from hip femoral heads obtained from patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (passage 2, biological donor No. A18, 77y, female, hip; with IRB approval –NTEC Ref. No. 2019.078) . Cells were isolated, expanded, and collected; FIG. 2B TrkA positively expressed in the primary isolated cell strain, examined by western blot (primary antibody: ab76291 [EP1068Y] , Abcam) ; and FIG. 2C underwent flow cytometry analysis using BMSC markers CD73 (85.20%) , CD90 (76.69%) , CD105 (94.50%) , CD34 (0.11%) and CD45 (0.10%) .
[0014] FIGs. 3A-3C. Workflow of immortalization of human primary BMSCs. FIG. 3A Cell immortalization: Lentivirus rtTA and lentivirus largeT-GFP were transduced into hBMSCs and cultured in the growth medium with doxycycline (Dox) . Human BMSCs with lentiviral transduction were cultured and expanded for several days to collect enough cells. Fresh growth medium with doxycycline was replaced every other day. FIG. 3B Molecular mechanism of cell immortalization with co-transduction of lentivirus rtTA and lentivirus largeT-GFP: In the presence of Dox, successfully transduced hBMSC expressed largeT antigens that can bind to pRB and p53 to control cell growth and inhibit cell apoptosis. FIG. 3C Immortalized hBMSC selection: cells proliferated in growth medium with Dox after transfection. The portion of GFP-positive hBMSCs (hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP) was then analyzed using a Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorter (FACS) , and 20.9%GFP-positive cells were identified and isolated from 1*105 primary hBMSCs (left panel) for further experiments. Cell morphology was presented in the right panel with positive GFP expression (green color) . Scale bar = 0.3 mm. hBMSCs, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; Dox, doxycycline; LargeT, the large tumor antigen; GFP, green fluorescent protein; rtTA, a reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator; pRB, retinoblastoma binding protein.
[0015] FIGs. 4A-4C. Single-cell derived, TrkAPos cell selection from immortalized hBMSCs. hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP cells were cultured in growth medium with Dox, and the immortalized cells expressing largeT-GFP showed green fluorescence of GFP. FIG. 4A Workflow to select the single-cell derived hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cell line: The hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP cells were identified and selected by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter. Each GFP+ cell was placed into one well on a 96-well plate and allowed to proliferate in Dox contained medium. Single-cell derived clones were then formed after several days of culture, and clones with high proliferation rate were selected as the 1st round of selection; among the fast-growing clones, cells with positive expression of TrkA were selected and sub-cultured as the 2nd round of selection. FIG. 4B Select the single-cell derived hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP clones: representative image of two fast-growing, single-cell derived immortalized hBMSC clones (scale bar = 0.3 mm) . FIG. 4C Select the single-cell derived, hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cells: Among the fast-growing clones, TrkA positive expression clones were then selected and sub-cultured (scale bar = 0.1 mm) . The selected TrkA positive cells here were stained with TrkA antibody (ab302524, 1: 200, Abcam) and donkey anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (ab6800, 1: 1000, Abcam) . hBMSCs, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; LargeT, the large tumor antigen; GFP, green fluorescent protein; TrkA, Tropomyosin receptor kinase A.
[0016] FIGs. 5A-5B. Osteogenic and calcification assay of single-cell derived, hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cell line in response to NGF pathway agonists. FIG. 5A Stem cell differentiation and quantifiable bioactivity assay: the degrees of calcification and mineralization of hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cells in response to NGF pathway agonists (NGF and an NGF-derived small peptide, Nsp9) can be detected and compared. hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cells were cultured in an osteogenic medium in 24 well-plates with or without NGF or Nsp for 4 weeks; calcification and mineralization was detected by alizarin red staining and von Kossa staining. FIG. 5B Von Kossa staining intensity between groups. As expected, NGF signaling agonist Nsp increased the mineralization of hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cells, based on the staining intensity of the image from 24 well plate, quantified by ImageJ Plug-in ColonyArea software. Data were presented in mean±SD, n = 6 wells / group. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. **P<0.005, ***P<0.001. hBMSCs, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; NGF, nerve growth factor; Nsp, NGF derived small peptide; OM, osteogenic medium; TrkA, Tropomyosin receptor kinase A.
[0017] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCES
[0018] SEQ ID NO: 1: Nucleotide sequence of rtTA component
[0019] SEQ ID NO: 2: Nucleotide sequence of Tetracycline response element promoter
[0020] SEQ ID NO: 3: Nucleotide sequence of lentivirus rtTA
[0021] SEQ ID NO: 4: Amino acid sequence of LargeT antigen
[0022] SEQ ID NO: 5: Nucleotide sequence encoding LargeT antigen
[0023] SEQ ID NO: 6: Amino acid sequence GFP
[0024] SEQ ID NO: 7: Nucleotide sequence encoding GFP
[0025] DETAILED DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0026] The subject invention pertains to a human BMSC-derived immortalized cell line, such as, for example, a hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cell line. In certain embodiments, the human BMSC-derived cell line is created using lentiviral transduction and single cell derived clone selections. In certain embodiments, the single-cell clone selection was conducted among the immortalized cells to maintain a cell line with homogeneous properties. In certain embodiments, the single-cell clones with a fast proliferation rate were initially selected, and then the cells with a positive expression of TrkA were selected.
[0027] Selected Definitions
[0028] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “including” , “includes” , “having” , “has” , “with” , or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description and / or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” . The transitional terms / phrases (and any grammatical variations thereof) “comprising” , “comprises” , “comprise” , “consisting essentially of” , “consists essentially of” , “consisting” and “consists” can be used interchangeably.
[0029] The phrases “consisting essentially of” or “consists essentially of” indicate that the claim encompasses embodiments containing the specified materials or steps and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic (s) of the claim.
[0030] The term “about” means within an acceptable error range for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which depends in part on how the value is measured, i.e., the limitations of the measurement system. In the context of compositions containing amounts of ingredients where the terms “about” are used, these compositions contain the stated amount of the ingredient with a variation (error range) of 0-10%around the value (X ± 10%) . In other contexts, the term “about” is providing a variation (error range) of 0-10%around a given value (X ± 10%) . As is apparent, this variation represents a range that is up to 10%above or below a given value, for example, X ± 1%, X ± 2%, X ± 3%, X ± 4%, X ± 5%, X ± 6%, X ± 7%, X ± 8%, X ± 9%, or X ± 10%.
[0031] In the present disclosure, ranges are stated in shorthand to avoid having to set out at length and describe each and every value within the range. Any appropriate value within the range can be selected, where appropriate, as the upper value, lower value, or the terminus of the range. For example, a range of 0.1-1.0 represents the terminal values of 0.1 and 1.0, as well as the intermediate values of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and all intermediate ranges encompassed within 0.1-1.0, such as 0.2-0.5, 0.2-0.8, 0.7-1.0, etc. Values having at least two significant digits within a range are envisioned, for example, a range of 5-10 indicates all the values between 5.0 and 10.0 as well as between 5.00 and 10.00 including the terminal values. When ranges are used herein, combinations and subcombinations of ranges (e.g., subranges within the disclosed range) and specific embodiments therein are explicitly included.
[0032] By “reduces” is meant a negative alteration of at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%.
[0033] By “increases” is meant as a positive alteration of at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%.
[0034] As used herein, the term “cell line” refers to a mortal or immortal population of cells that is capable of propagation and expansion in vitro.
[0035] The term “differentiated cells” , when used in reference to cells made by methods of the subject invention from pluripotent stem cells, refer to cells having reduced potential to differentiate when compared to the parent pluripotent stem cells. The differentiated cells of this invention comprise cells that could differentiate further (i.e., they may not be terminally differentiated) .
[0036] As used herein, the term “subject” refers to an animal, needing or desiring delivery of the benefits provided by a therapeutic compound. The animal may be for example, humans, pigs, horses, goats, cats, mice, rats, dogs, apes, fish, chimpanzees, orangutans, guinea pigs, hamsters, cows, sheep, birds, chickens, as well as any other vertebrate or invertebrate. These benefits can include, but are not limited to, the treatment of a health condition, disease or disorder; prevention of a health condition, disease or disorder; immune health; enhancement of the function of an organ, tissue, or system in the body. The preferred subject in the context of this invention is a human. The subject can be of any age or stage of development, including infant, toddler, adolescent, teenager, adult, or senior.
[0037] Any compositions or methods provided herein can be combined with one or more of any of the other compositions and methods provided herein.
[0038] Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments thereof, and from the claims.
[0039] All references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0040] The recitation of a listing of chemical groups in any definition of a variable herein includes definitions of that variable as any single group or combination of listed groups. The recitation of an embodiment for a variable or aspect herein includes that embodiment as any single embodiment or in combination with any other embodiments or portions thereof.
[0041] Cell Line Compositions
[0042] The novel human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) line is derived from human tissue, can proliferate indefinitely under the control of doxycycline (Dox) , is single-cell clone derived, and has a high level of homogeneity.
[0043] In certain embodiments, the subject cell line is synthesized from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) . In certain embodiments, the hBMSCs can be harvested from any bone, including, for example, hip femoral heads of a human, such as, for example, a human that underwent total hip arthroplasty. In certain embodiments, the hBMSCs are isolated, expanded, and collected after harvesting. In certain embodiments, a bone or fragment of a bone, such as, for example, a hip femoral head, can be obtained from, for example, osteoarthritic patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Then, the bone marrow cavity can be flushed with low glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) . The medium can be changed at 36 hours to remove the unmounted cells, and then the cells can be frozen in liquid nitrogen after expansion.
[0044] In certain embodiments, tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) is positively expressed (TrkAPos) in the primary isolated cell strain. In certain embodiments, TrkA positive cells can be selected after hBMSC isolation and collection from the bone or bone fragment. In certain embodiments, the isolated hBMSCs cells are positive for BMSC markers CD73, CD90, and / or CD105 and negative for CD34 and / or CD45.
[0045] In certain embodiments, a combination of at least two vectors can be transduced into the isolated, expanded and collected TrkA positive hBMSCs, in which one vector encodes a large tumor antigen and, optionally, a reporter gene (e.g., green fluorescent protein (GFP) ) and a promoter (e.g., Tetracycline Response Element) , such as, for example, Lentivirus vector LargeT-GFP, and the second vector encodes a reverse transactivator, such as, for example, lentiviral vector rtTA. In certain embodiments, the transduction can further comprise a viral transduction enhancer, such as, for example, polybrene. In certain embodiments, about 4.0 x 104 isolated, expanded and collected TrkA positive hBMSCs can be used in the transduction. After about 24 h of transduction, the medium can be changed into a fresh medium (e.g., high-glucose DMEM, 10%FBS, and 1%Pen-Strep) and then cultured for an additional 72 h. 72 h after the transduction, the selection of the transduced cells with doxycycline (Dox) at a concentration of about 0.1 μg / mL was started. Under this selection pressure, the cells were cultivated for about seven days to collect enough cells for performing subsequent functional assays. In certain embodiments, non-transduced cells died after the days of cultivation in the Dox-containing medium.
[0046] In preferred embodiments, the isolated, expanded and collected TrkA positive hBMSCs can be immortalized, by, for example, infecting the cells with a virus. In preferred embodiments, lentivirus LargeT-GFP and lentivirus reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator (rtTA) , such as, for example, plasmid #20342, Addgene (Watertown, MA) , are transduced into the TrkAPos human primary BMSCs. In certain embodiments, the Lentivirus LargeT-GFP can produce large tumor antigens (largeT antigens) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) . In certain embodiments, Lentivirus LargeT-GFP can encode both LargeT antigen and GFP. In certain embodiments, the orientation of the gene encoding GFP can be upstream or downstream relative to the LargeT antigen.
[0047] The sequence of rtTA component is:
[0048] The sequence of TRE (Tetracycline response element promoter) is:
[0049] The sequence of lentivirus rtTA is:
[0050] The amino acid sequence of the LargeT antigen is:
[0051] The nucleic acid sequence of the LargeT antigen is:
[0052] The amino acid sequence of GFP is:
[0053] The nucleic acid sequence of GFP is:
[0054] In certain embodiments, successfully transduced cells can express a reporter gene, such as, for example, GFP, and the reporter signal can be observed. In certain embodiments, the cells can be sorted using, for example, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) . In certain embodiments, the cells can initially be dissociated into single cells using, for example, Trypsin-0.25%EDTA, and then the cells can be resuspended in the fresh medium and directly loaded for FACS analysis. In certain embodiments, the cells that have been identified to have the reporter gene, such as, for example, by identifying green fluorescence of a cell that encodes GFP, can be sorted and considered successfully transduced cells (FIG. 3C) .
[0055] In certain embodiments, large T antigens can bind to tumor suppressors retinoblastoma binding protein (pRB) and p53, and inhibit their functional effects on cellular growth control14. pRB normally acts as a transcriptional repressor, and p53 inhibits abnormal cellular proliferation14. In certain embodiments, GFP is a fluorescent marker and is used as a reporter molecule for LargeT expression because it emits green fluorescence after blue-light excitation. The inclusion of this gene in a vector can allow rapid selection of successfully transduced cells. In certain embodiments, Lentivirus rtTA can produce a reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator, rtTA, which binds to the tet response element (TRE) of the target gene (LargeT antigen) in the presence of tetracycline, then interacts with DNA at the minimal promoter, and finally induces target gene expression15. In certain embodiments, doxycycline (Dox) was used as the effector to switch on the LargeT antigen gene expression. In the presence of Dox, rtTA binds to the tet response element (TRE) of the target gene (LargeT antigen) , then interacts with DNA at the minimal promoter, and finally induces target gene expression.
[0056] Methods of Use
[0057] The subject cell line is approachable, controllable, and homogenous, with a specific response for nerve growth factor and osteogenic differentiation capacity. In certain embodiments, the subject immortalized cell line has robust growth in the presence of Dox that makes cell proliferation controllable. Single-cell clone selection keeps cell phenotype identity and benefits research and therapeutic applications, such as precise protein studies and drug screening. In certain embodiments, in order to perform a protein study, the subject cell lines are derived from single cell clone with high homogeneity; therefore, these cells can produce proteins with high identity. In certain embodiments, the subject cell lines are immortalized; these cell lines can be cultured and proliferated, thereby synthesizing proteins. Proteins can be collected via cell lysis. In certain embodiments, the subject cells are TrkA positive, and they can be used to study proteins in TrkA-related signaling, such as, for example, TrkA: Tropomyosin receptor kinase A, GRB2: Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, SHC1: SHC-transforming protein 1, FRS2: Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2, SH2B1: SH2B adapter protein 1, SH2B2: SH2B adapter protein 2, SHB: SH2 domain-containing adapter protein B, PDGFR: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor, EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor, P85A: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha, PLCG1: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1, PI3K: , Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, AKT: serine / threonine-protein kinases, MAPK4: Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the subject cell lines can be used to perform drug screening. In certain embodiments, the subject cell line is sensitive to the activation of TrkA signaling and can provide downstream readouts, such as, for example, emerging pTrkA positive signaling in a protein detection assay (e.g., a western blot) , and enhanced calcification readouts in osteogenic differentiation culture conditions. Specifically, the readouts results can be quantified and compared. With the subject cell lines, drugs, such as, for example, small molecules, can be added in the culture medium, and the effect of the drug on the activation level of TrkA can be detected along with osteogenic / bone formation ability via the activation of TrkA.
[0058] In certain embodiments, the subject cell line is a TrkApos cell line, and NGF / TrkA signal pathway agonist Nsp enhanced the measurable readouts of cell mineralization; therefore, the subject cell line is a stable and novel cell material to study the interaction of the nervous system and skeletal system.
[0059] In certain embodiments, the cell line of the subject invention is specifically responsive to NGF / TrkA agonists and can be applied as a unique research tool to study the interplay of the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system, particularly for the effect of NGF / TrkA signal pathway on the skeletal system. In certain embodiments, the subject cells are immortalized hBMSCs and are TrkA positive; therefore, the cells can respond to NGF and provide a specific cellular and molecular response towards NGF / TrkA activation. In certain embodiments, the subject cells can be treated with a compound, the function of the compound on the activation of TrkA signaling and on hBMSC osteogenesis and bone formation can be measured. In certain embodiments, the subject cell line allows for the decoupling of osteogenic differentiation and TrkA signaling activation. Peripherally innervated tissues produce and release NGF, which is retrogradely transported by specific receptors, to provide a protective action and a functional neuronal integrity. NGF is also produced and utilized by several cell types, including structural (epithelial cells, fibroblasts / myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and hepatocytes) , accessory (glial cells, astrocytes and Muller cells) and immune (antigen presenting cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes, mast cells and eosinophils) cells22.
[0060] In certain embodiments, NGF can bind to the high-affinity receptor TrkA, the low-affinity receptor P75NTR, or the receptor cluster composed of both TrkA and P75NTR. In addition to NGF, a small peptide derived from NGF, Nsp, which includes 14 amino acids from the N-terminal of the human mature NGF protein, showed specific binding to the TrkA receptor and can activate the phosphorylation of TrkA. In certain embodiments, Nsp can mimic the NGF bioactivity and maintain neurite outgrowth in neuron cell line PC12, and it activated the phosphorylation of TrkA in primary human chondrocytes and enhanced human chondrocyte matrix mineralization. Furthermore, these cells possess osteogenic differentiation capacity and can be used in disease modeling and drug screening in vitro, tissue engineering, and regeneration applications in vivo. In certain embodiments, the subject cells can be cultured and formed into 3D cell pellets in vitro that mimic tissues, such as, for example, bone and / or cartilage tissue. In certain embodiments, hBMSCs can be cultured to form 3D cell pellets and induced into chondrogenesis and osteogenesis to mimic the cartilage and bone formation process in vitro. In certain embodiments, the calcification of 3D cell pellets can be used to mimic the calcified cartilage tissue and the pathological conditions of cartilage tissue in osteoarthritis. In certain embodiments, the subject cells can also be used in tissue engineering and regeneration, including, for example, tissue engineering and regeneration of bone and cartilage tissue. In certain embodiments, the hBMSCs can be implanted into bone defect areas in a subject to promote bone regeneration, and biomaterials can be applied as scaffold during the tissue engineering. In certain embodiments, the GFP label can illustrate how the subject stem cells contribute to the tissue repair.
[0061] The novel cell line of the subject invention is derived from human tissue and avoids inter-species differences, such as, for example, in anatomy, molecular pathways, and metabolism, that can affect the mode of action during the use of the cell line. In certain embodiments, the immortalization procedure allows the cells to proliferate indefinitely under the control of doxycycline (Dox) , which means the end-users can customize and control the cell proliferation. Cells can grow without limitation under treatment of Dox during the expansion stage to collect enough cell number for further scientific or clinical application. When Dox is removed from a culture medium, cells can experience natural passaging and aging for designated biological function and cell behavior studies. In certain embodiments, the subject cell line is single-cell clone derived and has high homogeneity.
[0062] Materials and Methods
[0063] Primary TrkAPos Human BMSCs Immortalization: Lentiviral Transduction of Vector LargeT-GFP and Vector rtTA
[0064] Immortalization is generally reached by an infection of cells with viruses. In this invention, lentivirus LargeT-GFP and lentivirus rtTA (plasmid #20342, Addgene) were transduced into a TrkAPos human primary BMSCs (FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B) . Lentivirus LargeT-GFP was homemade (FIG. 3B) , and it can produce large tumor antigens (largeT antigens) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) . Large T antigens are the major regulatory proteins that are responsible for the alteration of the cell cycle14. In detail, large T antigens can bind to tumor suppressors retinoblastoma binding protein (pRB) and p53 and inhibit their functional effects on cellular growth control14. pRB normally acts as a transcriptional repressor and p53 inhibits abnormal cellular proliferation14. GFP is a fluorescent marker and is used as a reporter molecule for gene expression because it emits green fluorescence after blue-light excitation. The inclusion of this gene in a vector can allow rapid selection of successfully transduced cells. Lentivirus rtTA can produce a reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator, rtTA (FIG. 3B) . rtTA binds to the tet response element (TRE) of the target gene (LargeT antigen) in the presence of tetracycline, then interacts with DNA at the minimal promoter, and finally induces target gene expression15. In this molecular system, doxycycline (Dox) was used as the effector to switch on the LargeT antigen gene expression.
[0065] Lentivirus vector LargeT-GFP (20 μL) and lentiviral vector rtTA (20 μL) with polybrene were transduced into primary cells (4.0 *104) on a 24-well plate. After 24 h, the medium was changed into a fresh medium and then cultured for 72 h. 72 h after the transduction, the selection of the transduced cells with doxycycline (Dox) was started. Under this selection pressure, the cells were cultivated for days to collect enough cells for performing subsequent functional assays. Non-transduced cells died after days of cultivation in the Dox-containing medium (see FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B) .
[0066] Successfully transduced cells express green fluorescence protein (GFP) , and the GFP signal can be observed under microscopy (FIG. 3C) . Flow cytometry system (BD FACSAriaTM Fusion Cell sorter and Cell Analyzer, San Jose, CA) was used for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) . Cells were dissociated into single cells firstly using Trypsin-0.25%EDTA, and then the cells resuspended in the fresh medium were directly loaded for FACS analysis. Cells with green fluorescence of GFP were sorted out, indicating the such fluorescent cells were successfully transduced (FIG. 3C) .
[0067] Single-cell Derived Clone Selection
[0068] The sorted hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP from FACS were then seeded at a density of one cell per well on a 96-well plate to form clones. After expansion for about 7 to about 14 days, every single cell was grown into colonies in a well. Then, the single-cell derived clones with a high proliferation rate were selected and used for the second round of selection, and the TrkA positive clones were when the selected (see FIG. 4A) . A cell with a high proliferation rate is a cell that has an amplification rate of about 1 cell to about 10, 000 cells in 7 days.
[0069] TrkA Immunofluorescence (IF) Staining
[0070] To select the cell line of interest, immunofluorescence staining was used to detect TrkA expression on previous single-cell clones. The cells were fixed with 4%paraformaldehyde for 10 mins at room temperature. 0.1%Triton X-100 in PBS was used to permeabilize the cells for 10 mins. Then, nonspecific antigens were blocked with 1%BSA (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) in PBST (1X PBS with 0.1%Tween-20) for 30 mins. The cells were then incubated with TrkA antibody (ab302524, 1: 200, Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom) at 4℃ overnight. After washing 3 times with cold PBS, the cells were incubated with secondary antibody anti-Rabbit (ab6800, 1: 1000, Abcam) at room temperature for 1 hour in the dark. The cells were then washed 3 times with PBST. 0.5 ug / ml 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) was used to treat the cells for 1 min to reveal the nuclei before observation. Finally, cells were photographed with a Nikon Ti2-E Inverted Fluorescence Microscope.
[0071] NGF Signaling Agonists
[0072] NGF can bind to the high-affinity receptor TrkA or the low-affinity receptor P75NTR or the receptor cluster composed of both TrkA and P75NTR16. Besides NGF, a small peptide derived from NGF (Nsp) including 14 amino acids from the N-terminal of the human mature NGF protein showed specific binding to TrkA receptor17, 18, 19 and can activate the phosphorylation of TrkA20, 21. Our previous work demonstrated that Nsp can mimic the NGF bioactivity and maintain neurite outgrowth in neuron cell line PC129, and it activated the phosphorylation of TrkA in primary human chondrocytes and enhanced human chondrocyte matrix mineralization9, and till today this is the only known receptor specific agonist of TrkA. Thus, here NGF and Nsp were selected as NGF / TrkA signaling agonists.
[0073] Osteogenesis Differentiation Assay
[0074] To evaluate the function of NGF / TrkA signalling on the previously selected single-cell clones, an osteogenic differentiation assay was carried out. Cells were seeded at 1×104 cells / cm2 density in 24-well plates and cultured in the complete cell culture medium (low glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) + 10%fetal bovine serum (FBS) + 1%Penicillin-Streptomycin (Pen-Strep) ) until cell confluency reached 80%to 90%. Then, the medium was changed to osteogenic medium (OM) , which was composed of high glucose DMEM, 10%FBS, and 1%Pen-Strep supplemented with 10 mM β-glycerolphosphate, 0.1 mM dexamethasone, and 50 mg / ml sodium ascorbate (Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA) . The cells in the treatment groups were treated with NGF or NGF-derived peptide Nsp simultaneously at 10 nM during OM incubation while the control group only received OM incubation in the same condition. The culture medium was changed every 3 days. On day 28 after treatment, alizarin red staining and von Kossa staining were conducted to evaluate calcium nodule formation.
[0075] For alizarin red staining, the cells were washed with warm PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+ twice and fixed with 10%neutral buffered formalin for 15 mins at room temperature. Then the cells were stained with alizarin red solution (pH 8.3, Beyotime, China) for 2 mins and washed with deionized water 2 times. The staining results were photographed with Epson perfection 2450 (Epson, Nagano, Japan) . For von Kossa staining, the cells were washed with warm PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+ twice and fixed with 10%neutral buffered formalin for 30 mins at room temperature. Next, cells were incubated with 5%silver nitrate solution for 30 mins under the light. Then, cells were gently washed with distilled water twice, and 5%sodium thiosulphate was added for 2 mins to remove unreacted silver. Finally, the plates were dried for long-term storage. The staining intensity readout was assessed, and images were analysed using ColonyArea in ImageJ 1.5s.
[0076] All patents, patent applications, provisional applications, and publications referred to or cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety, including all figures and tables, to the extent they are not inconsistent with the explicit teachings of this specification.
[0077] Following are examples that illustrate procedures for practicing the invention. These examples should not be construed as limiting. All percentages are by weight and all solvent mixture proportions are by volume unless otherwise noted.
[0078] EXAMPLE 1-PRIMARY HBMSC ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
[0079] Human primary BMSCs were isolated from hip femoral heads obtained from patients underwent total hip arthroplasty (passage 2, biological donor No. A18, 77y, female, hip; NTEC Ref. No. 2019.078) . Cells were collected, characterized with TrkAPos as well as stem cells surface markers, and frozen in liquid nitrogen after full growth for screening (FIGs. 2A-2C) .
[0080] EXAMPLE 2-hBMSC IMMORTALIZATION
[0081] Immortalization is reached by lentiviral infection of human primary BMSCs including lentivirus rtTA and lentivirus LargeT-GFP (FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B) . The successful establishment of immortalization cells was proved by the expression of GFP which can be observed under a fluorescence microscope. GFP was observed in hBMSCs--LargeT-GFP cells under a fluorescence microscope. The control group without lentivirus exposure (hBMSCs control) had no GFP expression. Then, GFP-positive BMSCs were analyzed by flow cytometer. 20.9%of GFP-positive cells were sorted out from 1*105 transfected BMSCs (FIG. 3C) .
[0082] EXAMPLE 3-SELECTION OF THE SINGLE CELL-DERIVED, FAST-GROWING CLONES OF IMMORTALIZED hBMSCs
[0083] To select the cell line of interest, single-cell selection was conducted in immortalized hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP cells (FIG. 4A) . GFP-positive hBMSCs were seeded on one 96-well plate with one cell per well. Single-cell clones formed after proliferation, and cell clones with a high proliferation rate were selected. FIG. 4B showed representative single-cell derived clones after the selection.
[0084] EXAMPLE 4-SELECTION OF THE TRKA POSITIVE CELLS FROM SINGLE CELL-DERIVED, IMMORTALIZED HBMSCS, THE HBMSCS-LARGET-GFP CELLS
[0085] To ensure the cells remain TrkA positive expression, immunofluorescence analysis of TrkA was conducted in the hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP cells, and results showed that TrkA (red color) can be observed in one selected cell clone (FIG. 4C) ; this result demonstrated the successful establishment of hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cell line.
[0086] EXAMPLE 5-QUANTIFICATION OF THE CALCIFICATION / MINERALIZATION OF HBMSCS-LARGET-GFP-TRKAPOS CELLS UNDER THE TREATMENT OF TRKA AGONISTS
[0087] An osteogenesis differentiation assay was carried out to examine the differentiation ability of hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cells, and the bioactivity of the cells in response to NGF / TrkA signalling agonists. hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cells were cultured to full confluence in 24-well plate in osteogenic medium with NGF or NGF-derived peptide Nsp for 4 weeks. Then, alizarin red staining and von Kossa staining were used to evaluate the calcification of cells. Staining intensity revealed that Nsp significantly enhanced the calcification of hBMSCs-LargeT-GFP-TrkAPos cells (FIGs. 5A-5B) .
[0088] EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
[0089] Embodiment 1. A method of producing an immortalized human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) line, the method comprising culturing a clonally-purified hBMSC, wherein the hBMSC expresses tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) and a large tumor antigen.
[0090] Embodiment 2. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the large tumor antigen is SV40 large T antigen.
[0091] Embodiment 3. The method embodiment 1, wherein the large tumor antigen inactivates retinoblastoma protein (pRb) , p53, or a combination thereof.
[0092] Embodiment 4. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the hBMSC expresses a reporter gene.
[0093] Embodiment 5. The method of embodiment 4, wherein the reporter gene encodes green fluorescent protein (GFP) .
[0094] Embodiment 6. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the hBMSC line is derived from a human primary BMSC.
[0095] Embodiment 7. The method of embodiment 6, wherein the human primary BMSC is harvested from a hip femoral head.
[0096] Embodiment 8. The method of embodiment 1, wherein expression of the large tumor antigen is under the control of a tetracycline-controlled transactivator.
[0097] Embodiment 9. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the hBMSC is positive for the expression of CD73, CD90, CD105, or any combination thereof and is negative for the expression of CD34, CD45, or a combination thereof.
[0098] Embodiment 10. A composition comprising an immortalized human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) , wherein the hBMSC is TrkA positive and the hBMSC expresses a large tumor antigen.
[0099] Embodiment 11. The composition of embodiment 10, wherein the large tumor antigen is SV40 large T antigen.
[0100] Embodiment 12. The composition embodiment 10, wherein the hBMSC expresses a reporter gene.
[0101] Embodiment 13. The composition embodiment 12, wherein the reporter gene encodes green fluorescent protein (GFP) .
[0102] Embodiment 14. The composition embodiment 10, wherein the hBMSC is derived from a human primary BMSC.
[0103] Embodiment 15. The composition embodiment 14, wherein the human primary BMSC is harvested from a hip femoral head.
[0104] Embodiment 16. The composition embodiment 10, wherein expression of the large tumor antigen is under the control of a tetracycline-controlled transactivator.
[0105] Embodiment 17. The composition of embodiment 10, wherein the hBMSC is positive for the expression of CD73, CD90, CD105, or any combination thereof and is negative for the expression of CD34, CD45, or a combination thereof.
[0106] It should be understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application. In addition, any elements or limitations of any invention or embodiment thereof disclosed herein can be combined with any and / or all other elements or limitations (individually or in any combination) or any other invention or embodiment thereof disclosed herein, and all such combinations are contemplated with the scope of the invention without limitation thereto.
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Claims
1.A method of producing an immortalized human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) line, the method comprising culturing a clonally-purified hBMSC, wherein the hBMSC expresses tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) and a large tumor antigen.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the large tumor antigen is SV40 large T antigen.3.The method claim 1, wherein the large tumor antigen inactivates retinoblastoma protein (pRb) , p53, or a combination thereof.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the hBMSC expresses a reporter gene.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the reporter gene encodes green fluorescent protein (GFP) .6.The method of claim 1, wherein the hBMSC line is derived from a human primary BMSC.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the human primary BMSC is harvested from a hip femoral head.8.The method of claim 1, wherein expression of the large tumor antigen is under the control of a tetracycline-controlled transactivator.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the hBMSC is positive for the expression of CD73, CD90, CD105, or any combination thereof and is negative for the expression of CD34, CD45, or a combination thereof.10.A composition comprising an immortalized human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) , wherein the hBMSC is TrkA positive and the hBMSC expresses a large tumor antigen.11.The composition of claim 10, wherein the large tumor antigen is SV40 large T antigen.12.The composition claim 10, wherein the hBMSC expresses a reporter gene.13.The composition claim 12, wherein the reporter gene encodes green fluorescent protein (GFP) .14.The composition claim 10, wherein the hBMSC is derived from a human primary BMSC.15.The composition claim 14, wherein the human primary BMSC is harvested from a hip femoral head.16.The composition claim 10, wherein expression of the large tumor antigen is under the control of a tetracycline-controlled transactivator.17.The composition of claim 10, wherein the hBMSC is positive for the expression of CD73, CD90, CD105, or any combination thereof and is negative for the expression of CD34, CD45, or a combination thereof.
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