Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives settings related to a plurality of downlink reference signals and a plurality of points for transmission, and receives the plurality of downlink reference signals; and a control unit that, on the basis of the results of reception of the plurality of downlink reference signals, the settings, and information relating to the arrangement of a plurality of antennas of the terminal, determines a cluster that is some of the plurality of points, and controls transmission of a report relating to the cluster and reception of a signal from the cluster.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR), cell-free communication is being considered in which terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) communicate using units different from existing cells.

[0006] However, there is insufficient consideration given to which access point (AP) / transmission / reception point (TRP) to use for communication. If this consideration is insufficient, there is a risk that throughput will be reduced if an appropriate AP / TRP is not used.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that perform communication using an appropriate AP / TRP.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives settings related to a plurality of downlink reference signals and a plurality of points for transmission, and receives the plurality of downlink reference signals; and a control unit that determines a cluster that is part of the plurality of points based on the results of receiving the plurality of downlink reference signals, the settings, and information related to the arrangement of a plurality of antennas of the terminal, and controls the transmission of a report related to the cluster and the reception of a signal from the cluster.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, communication can be performed using an appropriate AP / TRP.

[0010] Figures 1A and 1B show an overview of MIMO. Figures 2A and 2B show an overview of a cellular system and a cell-free system. Figures 3A-3C show examples of overviews of each assumed cell-free configuration. Figure 4 shows an example of AP clustering. Figure 5 shows an example of AP clustering for CJT. Figure 6 shows an example of DL-based implementation method 1. Figure 7 shows an example of DL-based implementation method 2. Figure 8 shows an example of DL-based implementation method 3. Figure 9 shows an example of a smaller AP cluster. Figure 10 shows an example of a larger AP cluster. Figure 11 shows an example of an AP clustering procedure. Figures 12A-12C show a first example of Type 1 of correspondence between CMRs and APs. Figures 13A-13C show a second example of Type 1 of correspondence between CMRs and APs. Figure 14 shows a first example of Type 2 of correspondence between CMRs and APs. Figures 15A and 15B show a second example of Type 2 of correspondence between CMRs and APs. 16A and 16B show a third example of Type 2 of the correspondence relationship between CMRs and APs. FIGS. 17A-17C show an example of Type 3 of the correspondence relationship between CMRs and APs. FIGS. 18A and 18B show a first example of parameters for reporting an AP cluster. FIG. 19 shows a second example of parameters for reporting an AP cluster. FIG. 20 shows an example of setting and reporting an AP cluster index. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (Cell-free) Existing wireless communication systems (e.g., 5G NR) have adopted a cellular system in which one cell is formed by one antenna / TRP. The area formed by the cell is fixed / static.

[0012] In addition, existing wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 16 and later) have introduced distributed multi-input multi-output (Distributed MIMO, e.g., multi-TRP using multiple transmission / reception points (TRPs)), which form a communication area using the coverage of multiple antennas / TRPs. Distributed MIMO allows simultaneous communication using multiple antennas / TRPs and communication using one antenna / TRP.

[0013] By adopting distributed MIMO, it is possible to create a more favorable line-of-sight environment and improve MIMO performance.

[0014] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an overview of MIMO. Fig. 1A illustrates an example of co-located MIMO. In co-located MIMO, one UE communicates with one antenna / TRP.

[0015] On the other hand, Figure 1B illustrates an example of distributed MIMO, in which one UE communicates with multiple antennas / TRPs in cooperation with each other.

[0016] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 20 and later), the introduction of cell-free communication is being considered with the aim of further improving performance and energy efficiency through reducing interference between multiple antennas / TRPs, creating a line-of-sight environment for high-frequency use, improving frequency utilization efficiency throughout the system, and applying equal, high-quality communication to each user.

[0017] Self-Free may also be referred to as cell-free massive MIMO (mMIMO) or large-scale distributed MIMO (D-MIMO). Self-Free uses coherent cooperation of multiple access points. Self-Free may include at least one of ultra-dense deployment, scalable cooperation, user-centric clustering, super-carrier aggregation, and analog fronthaul. The user plane for cell-free may perform more flexible scheduling than existing scheduling. The control plane for cell-free may maintain some form of cell to facilitate signaling.

[0018] In cell-free, unlike conventional cellular systems, one area (which may be called a cell / sub-cell, etc.) may be formed by multiple antennas / TRPs. In other words, the area may mean a cell that does not depend on the position of the antenna.

[0019] In cell-free, the set of antennas / TRPs used to form a coverage area may be changed according to the needs of UEs. For example, the set of antennas / TRPs may be changed based on the number of UEs, the number of traffic, communication purposes (e.g., initial access, data communication, measurement, reporting, etc.), etc., rather than the coverage of the antennas / TRPs.

[0020] In other words, in cell-free, the coverage between multiple antennas / TRPs may overlap.

[0021] In cell-free mode, the direction in which a synchronization signal (which may also be called, for example, a synchronization signal block (SSB), a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block, etc.) is transmitted may be controlled for each antenna / TRP.

[0022] In addition, in cell-free, a central unit (CU) / distributed unit (DU) may be virtualized for each antenna / TRP, or each antenna / TRP may be managed by only the CU.

[0023] Fig. 2A is a diagram showing an overview of a cellular system, in which cells formed by each antenna / TRP are shown, and UEs communicate based on these cells.

[0024] On the other hand, Figure 2B is a diagram showing an overview of a cell-free system. In the example shown in Figure 2B, the installed antennas / TRPs do not form fixed / static cells in a cellular system. As shown in Figure 2B, in a cell-free system, one or more antennas / TRPs form areas according to conditions. Therefore, in a cell-free system, each antenna / TRP does not need to correspond to the same physical cell ID, and the areas between multiple antennas / TRPs may overlap.

[0025] Self-regulation may be achieved, for example, by coordinating a set of antennas / TRPs controlled by a central control unit (e.g., CU).

[0026] In a cell-free system, a first cell (e.g., may be referred to as a cell / super cell / macro cell / large cell, etc.) with a fixed physical range like a cell in a 5G NR system, and a second cell (e.g., may be referred to as a subcell / area / micro cell / cell / small cell / second cell within the first cell, etc.) with a quasi-static / dynamic physical range that varies based on conditions may be formed. For example, the first cell may be referred to as a supercell to distinguish it from the second cell. When a supercell is composed of multiple second cells, the second cells may have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in NR. For example, the second cells may be referred to as subcells to distinguish them from the first cell. When a supercell or a cell is composed of multiple subcells, the subcells may have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in NR.

[0027] The first cell may be a cell that is newly defined in a future wireless communication system, or may be a cell defined in an existing wireless communication system that is reused.

[0028] The configurations of the first cell and the second cell can be considered as follows: Assumption 1 and Assumption 2: The first cell is composed of multiple TRPs with one cell ID (physical cell ID (PCI)). The multiple TRPs can transmit and receive in coordination. Assumption 2: The first cell is composed of multiple TRPs (or sub-cells) with different cell IDs. The multiple TRPs / sub-cells can transmit and receive in coordination.

[0029] 3A is a diagram showing an example of the outline of the cell-free configuration assumption 1. In the example shown in FIG. 3A, each TRP included in the first cell (super cell / cell) has the same PCI (PCI #0). Multiple TRPs can communicate with one UE in a coordinated manner.

[0030] Figure 3B is a diagram showing an example of the outline of the cell-free configuration assumption 2. In the example shown in Figure 3B, each TRP included in the first cell (super cell / cell) has a different PCI (PCI #0 to #9). Multiple TRPs can communicate cooperatively with one UE.

[0031] Figure 3C is a diagram showing another example of the outline of Assumption 2 of the cell-free configuration. In the example shown in Figure 3A, a PCI is assigned to each TRP included in the first cell (supercell / cell). In the example shown in Figure 3C, unlike the example in Figure 3B, the same PCI may correspond to multiple TRPs. Multiple TRPs can communicate cooperatively with one UE. Multiple TRPs associated with the same PCI may be included in one cell.

[0032] Transmission / reception with TRP / subcell coordination may be based on at least one of the following schemes supported in NR: ◇ Transmission of a single TRP / subcell with dynamic TRP / subcell switching (single-TRP transmission). ◇ Joint transmission using multiple TRPs / subcells (multi-TRP joint transmission). The joint transmission may be based on a single DCI or multiple DCIs. The joint transmission may be non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT) or coherent joint transmission (CJT).

[0033] For cell-free, assuming ideal backhaul and tight coordination, in the joint transmission scheme, CJT may be prioritized over NCJT, and single DCI-based joint transmission may be prioritized over multi-DCI-based joint transmission.

[0034] (Ultra-High Density Network for Large-Scale Indoor Scenarios) Compared to outdoor scenarios, ultra-high density deployments are more suitable for large-scale indoor scenarios. In the evaluation scenario of NR, an inter-site distance (ISD) of 20 m is used for the indoor hotspot scenario. Selfies may range from a few centimeters to several meters.

[0035] (Multiple APs) Coherent joint-transmission (CJT) from multiple densely-spaced access points (APs) is crucial for guaranteed performance improvement of cell-free mMIMO.

[0036] As shown in the example of Figure 4, it is difficult to select an appropriate set of APs for a specific UE from a large number of candidate APs (AP clustering). Multiple APs may be connected to an aggregation station via Analogue-Radio over Fiber (A-RoF). The aggregation station, central processing unit (CPU), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), and base station may be interchangeable.

[0037] The gNB schedules a large set of APs (CSI AP clusters) to transmit DL RSs and narrows down the subset of APs (CJT AP clusters) based on UE reports (Figure 5). There are three DL-based implementation methods in NR: ◆ Method 1 (Figure 6) uses time-division multiplexed CSI-RS (for FR1, as specified in Rel. 18). The number of APs for CSI is limited by the channel coherence time. The gNB transmits multiple CSI-RSs from multiple APs. The UE performs channel estimation based on the multiple CSI-RSs, selects an AP (CSI-RS resource indicator, CRI), and reports the selection result as a CSI report. The gNB determines APs for CJT based on the reports and performs CJT using the determined APs. ◆ Method 2 (Figure 7) uses multi-port CSI-RS (implementation dependent). The number of APs for CSI is limited by the number of CSI-RS ports. The gNB transmits CSI-RS from multiple APs using multiple CSI-RS ports, respectively. The UE performs channel estimation based on the CSI-RS, selects an AP (port), and reports the selection result as a CSI report. The gNB determines APs for CJT based on the report and performs CJT using the determined APs. ◆Method 3 (Figure 8) uses beam management (BM) (implementation dependent). The number of APs for CSI is limited by the number of beams. The gNB transmits SSB / CSI-RS from multiple APs using multiple beams, respectively. The UE selects an AP (beam ID) based on the SSB / CSI-RS and reports the selection result as a beam report. The gNB transmits CSI-RS from the selected APs. The UE performs channel estimation based on the CSI-RS and reports it as a CSI report. The gNB determines APs for CJT based on the report and performs CJT using the determined APs.

[0038] The channel coherent time (CCT) depends on the maximum Doppler shift. The channel coherent time is the time during which the measured channel characteristics are available or until the measured channel characteristics become unavailable (channel aging). The maximum Doppler shift is estimated by the relative velocity between the transmitter and receiver. The channel coherent time T c is 1 / Δf max where Δf max = v / λ. As the UE moving speed increases, the channel coherence time decreases. For example, at a carrier frequency of 4.5 GHz, when the moving speed exceeds approximately 25 km / h, the channel coherence time falls below 10 ms.

[0039] Both DL-based implementation methods require a large amount of signaling overhead.

[0040] Therefore, the present inventors have studied AP clustering for LoS MIMO transmission and conceived the following embodiments.

[0041] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0042] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0043] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0044] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0045] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0046] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0047] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0048] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0049] In the present disclosure, ceil(x), ceiling function, and ceiling function may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, floor(x), floor function, and floor function may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, sqrt(x), square root (root) may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, x mod y, mod(x, y), mod function, and modulo operation may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Σ i=M M＋N－1 f(i), Σ i=M M+N-1 f i , f(i) or f for i = M, M+1, ..., M+N-1 i Summation of f(M) + f(M+1) + ... + f(M+N-1), f M +f M＋1 +...+f M＋N－1 , may be read interchangeably. C(n, k) is the number of combinations of k values ​​selected from n values ​​(combinatorial coefficient), binomial coefficients, n Ck , C n k In the present disclosure, x / y and floor(x / y) may be read as interchangeable.

[0050] In this disclosure, a b , a_b, and a with b added to the bottom right of a may be read interchangeably. c , a^c, and the notation of a with c added to the upper right of a may be read interchangeably. b c , a_b^c, and the notation in which b is added to the bottom right of a and c is added to the top right may be read interchangeably. ～ may be expressed by adding 〜 to the x, or may be referred to as x tilde. － may be represented by an x ​​with a - above it, or may be called an x-bar.

[0051] In the present disclosure, FR may be, for example, at least one of FR1, FR2, FR2-1, FR2-2, FR3, sub-terahertz, and terahertz. In the present disclosure, the frequency range corresponding to FR1 may be 410-7125 MHz. In the present disclosure, FR2 may include FR2-1 and FR2-2, and the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 24250-52600 MHz, and the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 52600-71000 MHz.

[0052] In the present disclosure, the base station (BS), gNB, and network (NW) may be interchangeable.

[0053] In the present disclosure, DL RS, SSB, CSI-RS, CMR, and DL CMR may be read interchangeably.

[0054] In this disclosure, AP, TRP, point, and panel may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, cluster, group, set, multiple APs, and CJT AP may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, position, location, coordinates, and element for AP / TRP / UE antennas may be interchangeable.

[0055] In the present disclosure, the terms UE array, multiple antennas of a UE, UE antenna arrangement, UE antenna, and UE panel may be read interchangeably.

[0056] In this disclosure, the terms DAI, index, effective UE aperture, and value inversely proportional to the size of the smallest AP cluster may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0057] (Wireless Communication Method) <Principle of LoS MIMO> Line-of-sight (LoS) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) supports high-rank transmission and is advantageous for LoS-dominant scenarios.

[0058] The supported rank (given by degrees of freedom) of LoS MIMO depends on the wavelength, the AP-UE distance, and the aperture of the AP cluster and UE array. Tx , receiver aperture T Rx , wavelength λ, and distance D, the depth of focus (DoF) is given by A Tx A Rx / (λD) 2 It can be approximated as follows: Smaller AP clusters provide wider beams, fewer beams within a given UE aperture, and fewer spatial layers (Fig. 9). Larger AP clusters provide narrower beams, more beams within a given UE aperture, and more spatial layers (Fig. 10).

[0059] AP Clustering: Given a UE array and a desired rank, it is possible to determine the smallest AP cluster for LoS MIMO transmission. However, since the effective aperture of the UE array from the vantage point (line of sight) of the APs may vary depending on its location, it is possible to adapt the AP cluster accordingly.

[0060] In the following embodiments, the following key techniques are considered: ◆ Key technique 1: A channel parameter may be introduced to characterize the UE position (and effective aperture) and determine the minimum AP cluster. The channel parameter may be a distance-aperture indicator (DAI). ◆ Key technique 2: A low-overhead DAI acquisition method based on DL RS measurements from several APs may be designed.

[0061] The scheme of some embodiments can provide a throughput gain of 20 to 60% compared to existing schemes at SNR = 15 dB. The scheme of some embodiments only needs to measure the channels of 2 to 4 APs, while existing schemes need to measure the channels of all APs.

[0062] Some embodiments relate to transmission and reporting of DL RS, which may be, for example, beamformed (BF) CSI-RS or SSB.

[0063] <Key Technology 1> DAIs may reflect the effective aperture of the UE array from the vantage point of the APs. The minimum AP cluster may be derived from the DAIs. A smaller DAI may mean a smaller effective UE aperture. Achieving a desired rank (higher rank) may require a smaller AP cluster.

[0064] The DAI may adhere to several characteristics:

[0065] ◆Definition of DAI For a linear AP deployment and a linear UE array, the DAI may be defined by the following equation E11: where d u may be the UE antenna spacing. x may be the AP spacing. u may be a vector indicating the direction of the UE antenna. P may be a vector indicating the LoS direction. x may be a vector indicating the direction of AP placement. D LOSFor a two-dimensional (2D) AP deployment and a 2D UE array, the DAI may be defined by the following equation E12: u and v may be vectors indicating the direction of the UE antenna, and x and y may be vectors indicating the direction of the AP placement.

[0066] ◆ Use of DAI: The DAI may be used to derive the minimum AP cluster according to some of the following characteristics: -◆ The minimum AP cluster (the size of the minimum AP cluster) may be inversely proportional to the DAI. Details are provided in the supplementary section below. -◆ The AP cluster containing the minimum AP cluster may be scheduled for data transmission / CJT (using LoS MIMO).

[0067] <Key Technology 2> DAIs may be some parameters of the LoS MIMO channel, which may be estimated based on measurements of DL RSs transmitted from only a few APs.

[0068] A single DAI may be estimated from a virtual 2x2 MIMO channel between two AP and two UE antennas. Other DAIs may be estimated similarly.

[0069] Each AP may transmit a (beamformed) DL RS for DAI estimation.

[0070] The phase of the LoS MIMO channel matrix may be given by the following equation E13: Here, 2π / λ D LOS is the phase of the propagation delay. Rx (i) +φ Tx (j) is the near-field (NF) steering vector. u d x u *T Px / λD LOS may depend on the position and attitude of the UE relative to the AP clustering and may be estimated by a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator.

[0071] <AP Clustering Procedure> The UE may measure DL RS transmitted from only a few APs based on the AP cluster for CJT determined and reported to the gNB.

[0072] As shown in the example of FIG. 11, the gNB may transmit multiple CSI-RSs from multiple APs. The UE may estimate a DAI based on the CSI-RSs (DAI estimation, key technique 2), select multiple APs (clusters) from the multiple APs (AP selection, key technique 1), and report the selected multiple APs (clusters). The gNB may transmit multiple CSI-RSs from the selected multiple APs. The UE may perform channel estimation based on the multiple CSI-RSs and report it as a CSI report. The gNB may determine APs for CJT based on the report and perform CJT using the determined APs.

[0073] This AP clustering procedure provides a throughput gain of approximately 30 to 60% compared to the baseline scheme at SNR=15 dB.

[0074] While the reference scheme requires measuring the channels of all APs (e.g., 225 APs in the simulated scenario), this AP clustering procedure only requires measuring the channels of two to four APs. To eliminate the influence of different numbers of APs, the throughput performance is compared at the same received SNR.

[0075] First Embodiment This embodiment relates to DL RS transmission.

[0076] A set of DL channel measurement resources (CMRs) is N AP It may be configured to be transmitted by ≧2 APs / TRPs. CMRs may be, for example, CSI-RS. N AP≧2 APs / TRPs may be scheduled to span the deployment areas of the APs / TRPs, and the UE may be notified of the correspondence between the configured set of CMRs and the scheduled APs / TRPs according to one of three types indicated by higher layer parameters. The transmission of the configured set of CMRs may be completed within a given duration (related to the channel coherence time) defined by the higher layer parameters.

[0077] To know which AP is transmitting the CMR, the UE may follow the procedure below: -◆ Multiple CMRs may be configured and multiplexed in time (e.g., CMR#0 may mean CSI-RS resource index#0, etc.), frequency, or code (e.g., CMR#0 and #1 may mean two ports). -◆ CMRs may be mapped to different APs in a specific order, and the mapping may be notified to the UE. For example, three APs may be scheduled, and the UE may know the following: -◆ APs are arranged in a line, not randomly or in any other shape. -◆ CMR#0 / #1 / #2 are transmitted from the first / second / third APs, respectively.

[0078] The three types may be:

[0079] ◆ Type 1: N AP The APs / TRPs form a uniform line. CMRs may be mapped to APs / TRPs in consecutive order or any other defined order. UEs may not need to be informed of the exact locations of scheduled APs / TRPs. In the example diagrams below, APs are arranged on a two-dimensional (2D) lattice grid, represented by coordinates (x, y). Figures 12A to 12C show the N CMRs in Type 1. APSome examples of mapping to APs / TRPs are shown in Figure 12A. In the example of Figure 12A, CMR #0 is mapped to AP (0,0) and CMR #1 is mapped to AP (1,0). In the example of Figure 12B, CMR #0 is mapped to AP (0,0) and CMR #1 is mapped to AP (3,0). In the example of Figure 12C, CMR #0 is mapped to AP (0,0) and CMR #1 is mapped to AP (1,2). Figures 13A to 13C show the mapping of N of CMRs in Type 1. AP Some examples of mapping to >2 APs / TRPs are shown below. In the example of Figure 13A, CMR #0 is mapped to AP (0,0), CMR #1 is mapped to AP (1,0), and CMR #2 is mapped to AP (2,0). In the example of Figure 13B, CMR #0 is mapped to AP (0,0), CMR #1 is mapped to AP (2,0), and CMR #2 is mapped to AP (4,0). In the example of Figure 13C, CMR #0 is mapped to AP (0,0), CMR #1 is mapped to AP (2,1), and CMR #2 is mapped to AP (4,2).

[0080] ◆ Type 2: N APThe APs / TRPs form two uniformly non-parallel lines, regardless of whether they share common APs / TRPs. CMRs may be mapped to APs / TRPs in a defined order. For example, CMRs may be first mapped to APs / TRPs forming one line, and then to APs / TRPs forming the other line. If two lines share a common AP / TRP, at least one of the following options may be followed: ◆ Option 1: CMR #0 may be mapped to a common AP / TRP. ◆ Option 2: A common AP / TRP may be used twice and may not be distinguished from other APs / TRPs. UEs may not need to be informed of the exact locations of scheduled APs / TRPs. Figure 14 shows some examples of mapping CMRs without a common AP / TRP in Type 2. In this example, CMR#0 is mapped to AP (0,0), CMR#1 is mapped to AP (3,0), CMR#2 is mapped to AP (2,1), and CMR#3 is mapped to AP (3,2). The UE may know the following information: - Type 2: APs form two lines. - Two APs form the first line, namely, CMR#0 and CMR#1. - Two APs form the second line, namely, CMR#2 and CMR#3. Figures 15A and 15B show some examples of Option 1 using a common AP / TRP in Type 2. In the example of Figure 15A, CMR#0 is mapped to AP (0,0), CMR#1 is mapped to AP (3,0), and CMR#2 is mapped to AP (1,2). In the example of Figure 15B, CMR#0 is mapped to AP (0,0), CMR#1 is mapped to AP (2,0), CMR#2 is mapped to AP (4,0), and CMR#3 is mapped to AP (1,2). The UE may know several pieces of information: -◆ Type 2: APs form two lines. -◆ The two lines intersect at the AP transmitting CMR#0. -◆ Two APs form the first line, i.e., CMR#0 and CMR#1. -◆ Two APs form the second line, i.e., CMR#0 and CMR#3.Figures 16A and 16B show some examples of Option 1 using a common AP / TRP in Type 2. In the example of Figure 16A, CMRs 0 and 2 are mapped to AP (0,0), CMR 1 is mapped to AP (3,0), and CMR 3 is mapped to AP (1,2). In the example of Figure 16A, CMRs 0 and 3 are mapped to AP (0,0), CMR 1 is mapped to AP (2,0), CMR 2 is mapped to AP (4,0), and CMR 4 is mapped to AP (1,2). The UE may know the following information: - Type 2: APs form two lines. - Two APs form the first line, i.e., CMR 0 and CMR 1. - Two APs form the second line, i.e., CMR 2 and CMR 3. With this indication, the UE does not need to know whether there is a common AP or not. More CMRs need to be configured.

[0081] ◆ Type 3: N AP The APs / TRPs form a uniform rectangle / parallelogram. CMRs may be mapped to APs / TRPs in a defined order. UEs may not need to be informed of the exact locations of scheduled APs / TRPs. Figures 17A to 17C show some examples of mapping four CMRs to four APs / TRPs in Type 3. In the example of Figure 17A, CMR #0 is mapped to AP (0,0), CMR #1 is mapped to AP (1,0), CMR #2 is mapped to AP (0,1), and CMR #3 is mapped to AP (1,1). In the example of Figure 17B, CMR #0 is mapped to AP (0,0), CMR #1 is mapped to AP (3,0), CMR #2 is mapped to AP (0,2), and CMR #3 is mapped to AP (3,2). In the example of Figure 17C, CMR #0 is mapped to AP (0,0), CMR #1 is mapped to AP (3,0), CMR #2 is mapped to AP (1,2), and CMR #3 is mapped to AP (4,2).

[0082] The CMR-AP / TRP relationship may be semi-statically set or may be fixed.

[0083] The same QCL / TCI conditions may apply to the same CMR.

[0084] According to the first embodiment, the UE can appropriately know which AP / TRP the CMR / DL RS corresponds to (which AP / TRP it is transmitted from).

[0085] Second Embodiment This embodiment relates to a report on AP clustering.

[0086] <<Embodiment 2-1>> A UE may derive an AP cluster from measurements of DL CMRs configured using embodiment 1, and report (k1, k2) indicating the AP cluster.

[0087] The UE may be configured to report only k1, in which case k1 may indicate the diameter of the circle of its AP cluster.

[0088] If the UE reports both k1 and k2, then k1 and k2 may indicate the lengths of two sides (long and short) of the rectangle / parallelogram of that AP cluster.

[0089] The reported (k1, k2) may be derived based on higher layer parameters (d1, d2) related to the locations of the APs / TRPs transmitting the DL CMRs, where d1 and d2 may be defined to indicate the normalized distance between two adjacent APs / TRPs in each direction / dimension.

[0090] The UE may be notified of the maximum allowed reporting value of (k1, k2). This maximum value may be related to the total number of APs / TRPs available for scheduling to the UE. For example, the available APs / TRPs may be a 9x9 array of APs / TRPs, as in the following example: In the example of Figure 18A, the distance between APs / TRPs is d1 = 6, the desired diameter of the circle is 6, and the UE may report k1 = diameter / d1 = 6. In the example of Figure 18B, the two-dimensional distance between APs / TRPs is d1 = 2, d2 = 1, the desired diameter of the circle is 6, and the UE may report k1 = diameter / d1 = 3. In the example of Figure 19, the two-dimensional distance between APs / TRPs is d1 = 2, d2 = 1, and the desired lengths of the two sides of the rectangle are l1 = 6, l2 = 5, and the UE may report k1 = l1 / d1 = 3, k2 = l2 / d2 = 5.

[0091] <<Embodiment 2-2>> Instead of embodiment 2-1, the UE may explicitly report channel parameters required for AP clustering.

[0092] The report content depends on the setting, the four parameters θ in the above equation E12 ux , θ vx , θ uy , θ vy It may be a subset of.

[0093] The amount of reporting may be quantized by b bits.

[0094] In this case, AP clustering is performed using the reported parameters θ ux , θ vx , θ uy , θ vy This may be expected / assumed to be done by the gNB based on the above.

[0095] <<Embodiment 2-3>> In the AP clustering report as in embodiment 2-1 or embodiment 2-2, the ID of the corresponding DL CMR may also be reported.

[0096] <<Embodiment 2-4>> The UE may be semi-statically notified / configured (by RRC IE) with the indices of all candidate APs / TRPs, and may report the indices of desired APs / TRPs (for clustering) (FIG. 20).

[0097] Variation 1: A set of AP / TRP indices may be configured, where each AP / TRP index may correspond to a single candidate AP / TRP.

[0098] Variation 2: A set of CMRs may be configured. Each CMR index (e.g., CRI) may correspond to a single candidate AP / TRP. In this case, not all configured CMRs need to be transmitted.

[0099] According to embodiment 2, the UE can appropriately perform a report regarding AP clustering. The gNB can appropriately perform AP clustering based on the report.

[0100] <Supplementary Note> <<LoS MIMO Channels>> The spatial correlation of the LoS channels of densely-spaced multiple APs needs to be addressed first.

[0101] NF LoS MIMO Channel H LOS can be approximately decomposed into a Tx-side NF steering vector, a two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform, and an Rx-side NF steering vector, as shown in the following equation E21. Here, β may represent the path loss. LOS may represent the propagation delay. Rx may represent the Rx-side NF steering (beamforming) vector. 2D may represent the 2D Fourier transform. Tx may represent the Tx-side NF steering (beamforming) vector.

[0102] The sampling properties of the 2D Fourier transform can be exploited.

[0103] A set of APs focused on the UE's aperture acts as a focusing lens, and such a system can be described by a Fourier transform, as studied in Fourier optics.

[0104] The Nyquist sampling criterion can be extended to 2D signals.

[0105] <<Key Technology 1: AP Clustering>> The Nyquist sampling criterion can be utilized to derive preferred AP spacing and AP clusters based on given UE antenna spacing and UE array shape for efficient LoS MIMO transmission. AP spacing, AP clusters, UE antenna spacing, and UE array shape are analogous to sampling period, window function, subcarrier spacing, and anti-aliasing filter, respectively.

[0106] In the present disclosure, AP spacing, period, and wavelength may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, AP density, frequency, and spatial frequency may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, UE antenna spacing, period, and wavelength may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, UE antenna density, frequency, and spatial frequency may be interchangeable.

[0107] Proper AP spacing ensures that no spatial aliasing occurs on the UE array. If the AP spacing (sampling period) in two dimensions is (d x , d y ), the ideal AP spacing (Nyquist sampling interval) in two dimensions is (λD LOS / d x , λD LOS / d y ) Ideal AP spacing does not cause spatial aliasing and is the most efficient. AP spacing smaller than ideal AP spacing does not cause spatial aliasing. AP spacing larger than ideal AP spacing causes spatial aliasing and degrades performance.

[0108] Proper AP clustering ensures that multiple spatial layers are resolved by the UE array. If the UE antenna spacing (subcarrier spacing) in two dimensions is (d u , d v ), then the ideal region size of the ideal AP clustering in two dimensions is (λD LOS / d u , λD LOS / d v ) Ideal AP clustering places APs so that they fill the ideal region. Ideal AP clustering utilizes maximum rank without introducing inter-symbol interference (ISI). Sufficient AP clustering, which selects APs within a region that includes the ideal region, introduces weak ISI and utilizes maximum rank. Insufficient AP clustering, which selects APs within a region that includes the ideal region, introduces strong ISI and is rank-deficient.

[0109] Key Technology 2: Channel Parameter Estimation The AP clustering method in this disclosure may require information about UE position and orientation (array direction), AP placement, and UE array placement, which may be conveyed from several channel parameters that can be estimated based on measurements of DL RSs transmitted from several APs.

[0110] <<Channel Model>> In this disclosure, at least one of the following features may be assumed: ◆ Uniform AP placement in a 2D grid (first 2D grid). ◆ Uniform UE array in a 2D grid (second 2D grid). ◆ LoS paths exist between the UE and all APs.

[0111] The channel model in this disclosure may use at least one of the following features: A projection matrix of the following equation E31: The LoS channel matrix H (based on the Fresnel approximation) of the following equations E32 and E33: LOS .

[0112] The vector from the AP location to the UE array is D LOS n LOS It may be represented by:

[0113] <<AP Spacing>> Whether spatial aliasing occurs can be geometrically tested as follows: ◆ The DAI for a 2D AP placement and a 2D UE array may be represented by θ as above. ◆ The period of the spectral replicas of the UE array due to uniform AP placement may be characterized by the following equation E41: That is, the period may be given by the following equation E42: ◆ UE array aperture D UE may be defined by the following formula E43: M u , M v may be a scaling parameter. ◆λ may represent the shortest vector length in the lattice of spectral replicas. ◆λ≧2D UE If , the AP spacing is adequate in that no spatial aliasing occurs on the UE array.

[0114] <<AP Clustering>> The appropriate AP clustering for LoS MIMO transmission can be derived by the following method similar to the AP spacing: ◆ The DAI for 2D AP placement and 2D UE array may be represented by θ as above. ◆ The ideal AP clustering can be calculated by the two-part form of the period of the spectral replica as in the following equation E51: ◆The rank deficiency case may be expressed as follows: -◆L u , L v may represent the desired rank in two dimensions of the UE array. - In AP clustering, the scaling parameter M u , M v By L u , L v L u / Mu , L v / M v may be changed to

[0115] <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0116] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0117] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0118] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0119] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0120] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0121] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0122] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0123] <<Regarding Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - a higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - a specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported; - the application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0124] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: Supporting the specific process / action / control / assumption / information Capability of each embodiment Capability of each option in each embodiment or a combination of multiple options in each embodiment Capability of each option in each embodiment or a combination of multiple options in each embodiment.

[0125] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0126] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0127] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0128] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplemented with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal comprising: a receiver that receives configuration related to a plurality of downlink reference signals and a plurality of points for transmission, and receives the plurality of downlink reference signals; and a controller that determines a cluster that is a part of the plurality of points based on a result of receiving the plurality of downlink reference signals, the configuration, and information related to an arrangement of a plurality of antennas of the terminal, and controls transmission of a report related to the cluster and reception of a signal from the cluster. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the configuration indicates a relationship between the plurality of downlink reference signals and the plurality of points. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the signal is transmitted from the cluster by coherent joint transmission (CJT). [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the plurality of points are arranged in a first two-dimensional lattice grid, and the plurality of antennas are arranged in a second two-dimensional lattice grid.

[0129] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0130] 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0131] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0132] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0133] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0134] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0135] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0136] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0137] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0138] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0139] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0140] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0141] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0142] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0143] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0144] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0145] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0146] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0147] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0148] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0149] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0150] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0151] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0152] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0153] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0154] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0155] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0156] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0157] 22 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0158] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0159] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0160] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0161] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0162] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0163] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0164] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0165] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0166] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0167] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0168] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0169] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0170] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0171] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0172] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0173] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0174] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0175] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0176] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine, based on the configuration, a plurality of frequency resources having a wider spacing than a plurality of specific frequency resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control reception of the DMRS using the plurality of frequency resources.

[0177] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine, based on the configuration, a plurality of frequency resources having a wider spacing than a plurality of specific frequency resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control transmission of the DMRS using the plurality of frequency resources.

[0178] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine, based on the configuration, one or more time resources among a plurality of specific time resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control reception of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0179] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine, based on the configuration, one or more time resources among a plurality of specific time resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0180] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine a plurality of resources, including a portion of a plurality of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code, based on the configuration, and may control reception of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0181] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine a plurality of resources, including a portion of a plurality of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code, based on the configuration, and control transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0182] (User terminal) Fig. 23 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0183] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0184] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0185] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0186] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0187] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0188] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0189] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0190] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0191] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0192] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0193] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, or if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0194] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0195] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0196] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0197] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0198] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0199] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0200] The transceiver 220 may receive configurations related to a plurality of downlink reference signals and a plurality of points for transmission, and may receive the plurality of downlink reference signals. The controller 210 may determine a cluster that is part of the plurality of points based on the results of reception of the plurality of downlink reference signals, the configurations, and information related to the arrangement of a plurality of antennas of the terminal, and may control transmission of a report related to the cluster and reception of a signal from the cluster.

[0201] The configuration may indicate a relationship between the plurality of downlink reference signals and the plurality of points.

[0202] The signal may be transmitted from the cluster by coherent joint transmission (CJT).

[0203] The plurality of points may be arranged in a first two-dimensional grid and the plurality of antennas may be arranged in a second two-dimensional grid.

[0204] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0205] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0206] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0207] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0208] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0209] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0210] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0211] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0212] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0213] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0214] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0215] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0216] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0217] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0218] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0219] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0220] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0221] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0222] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0223] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0224] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0225] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0226] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0227] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0228] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0229] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0230] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0231] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0232] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0233] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0234] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0235] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0236] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0237] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0238] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0239] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0240] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0241] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0242] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0243] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0244] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0245] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0246] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0247] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0248] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0249] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0250] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0251] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0252] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0253] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0254] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0255] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0256] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0257] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0258] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0259] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0260] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0261] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0262] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0263] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0264] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0265] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0266] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0267] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0268] 25 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0269] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0270] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0271] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0272] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0273] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0274] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0275] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0276] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0277] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0278] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0279] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0280] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0281] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0282] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0283] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0284] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0285] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0286] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0287] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0288] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0289] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0290] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0291] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0292] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0293] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0294] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0295] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0296] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0297] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0298] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0299] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0300] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0301] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0302] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal, comprising: a receiving unit that receives settings related to a plurality of downlink reference signals and a plurality of points for transmission, and receives the plurality of downlink reference signals; and a control unit that determines a cluster that is a part of the plurality of points based on the result of receiving the plurality of downlink reference signals, the settings, and information related to the arrangement of a plurality of antennas of the terminal, and controls transmission of a report related to the cluster and reception of a signal from the cluster.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the settings indicate the relationship between the plurality of downlink reference signals and the plurality of points.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the signal is transmitted from the cluster by coherent joint transmission (CJT).

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of points are arranged within a first two-dimensional grid, and the plurality of antennas are arranged within a second two-dimensional grid.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: receiving settings related to the relationship between a plurality of downlink reference signals and a plurality of points for transmission; receiving the plurality of downlink reference signals; determining a cluster that is a part of the plurality of points based on the result of receiving the plurality of downlink reference signals, the settings, and information related to the arrangement of a plurality of antennas of the terminal; and controlling transmission of a report related to the cluster and reception of a signal from the cluster.

6. A base station, comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits settings related to the relationship between a plurality of downlink reference signals and a plurality of points for transmission, and transmits the plurality of downlink reference signals; and a control unit that determines a cluster that is a part of the plurality of points based on the result of receiving the plurality of downlink reference signals, the settings, and information related to the arrangement of a plurality of antennas of the terminal, and controls reception of a report related to the cluster and transmission of a signal from the cluster.

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