Methods of random access procedure for ambient internet of things devices in wireless communication
A two-dimensional resource allocation method for IoT devices addresses the challenges of limited power and complex environments by enabling extended communication distances and reduced collision rates in dense deployments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077420
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in supporting battery-less IoT devices with limited power and complex environments, particularly in dense deployments, where collision rates are high and communication distances are limited.
A two-dimensional resource allocation method for IoT devices, involving time and frequency domain resources, is implemented to minimize collision probability and query latency, enabling communication over extended distances using backscattering responses.
The method supports communication up to 50 meters for battery-less IoT devices, accommodating multiple devices in dense environments with reduced collision rates and enhanced communication capacity.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024077420_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Methods of Random Access Procedure for Ambient Internet of Things Devices in Wireless CommunicationBACKGROUND
[0001] Wireless communication networks provide integrated communication platforms and telecommunication services to wireless user devices. Example telecommunication services include telephony, data (e.g., voice, audio, and / or video data) , messaging, and / or other services. The wireless communication networks have wireless access nodes that exchange wireless signals with the wireless user devices using wireless network protocols, such as protocols described in various telecommunication standards promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . Example wireless communication networks include time division multiple access (TDMA) networks, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) networks, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR) .
[0002] Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags that are attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a transponder, a receiver, and transmitter. RFID tags are categorized according to the frequency at which they are designed to operate. Four primary frequency ranges are allocated for use by RFID systems. Frequency bands for RFID include Low frequency (LF) , High frequency (HF) , Ultra high frequency (UHF) , and Microwave frequency (microwave) . An interrogator can query a tag with a command that request information from the RFID tag. The RFID tag can respond with information such as the tag identifier.
[0003] In recent years, the internet of things (IoT) has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. Most of the existing wireless communication devices are powered by batteries that need to be replaced or recharged manually. The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of new markets requiring new IoT technologies of supporting battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually.SUMMARY
[0004] This document describes systems and methods for random access procedure for ambient Internet of Things (IoT) devices in wireless communication. Specifically, this document describes frame structures, frequency synchronization, and timing resource allocation for random access procedures. This document describes frequency bandwidths for communication by ambient IoT devices. This document describes backscattering responses by ambient IoT devices based on the two-dimension resource allocation specified in enhanced query from a base station (e.g., an access node) . The enhanced query of the base station enables an ambient IoT device to support resource allocation in time and frequency dimensions and to minimize collision probability and query latency.
[0005] IoT devices are configured for random access procedure in which a base station is able to identify the device. The two-dimensional allocation of resources, including both time and frequency resources during the random access procedure for an IoT device, enables the IoT device (e.g., a tag or other user equipment) to communicate at long distances (e.g., 50 meters) and avoid collisions in dense environments with many devices. The user equipment can select time and frequency resources for communication with a base station.
[0006] The systems and methods described herein enable communication by ambient IoT devices while having a potentially limited size and a potentially high complexity for practical applications, considering that the IoT devices can have no battery. The methods and systems describe how to provide a sufficient random access resource capacity to accommodate many devices in a dense deployment scenario while minimalizing collision rates.
[0007] The details of one or more embodiments of these systems and methods are set forth in an examples section below. Further, the details of one or more embodiments of these systems and methods are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of these systems and methods will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
[0008] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless network, according to some implementations.
[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an enhanced query command for random access procedure for ambient IoT devices.
[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of frequency division multiplexed (FDM) query response resources (QRR) for a backscattering transmission by an ambient IoT device.
[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an enhanced query command for random access procedure for ambient IoT devices.
[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example set of backscattering link frequencies (BLF) responsive to a query command.
[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a single tone BLF resource and a multi-tone BLF resource reservation for an ambient IoT device.
[0015] FIGS. 7A-7B show transmission preambles for transmissions.
[0016] FIG. 8A-8D illustrates a flowchart of an example method, according to some implementations.
[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates an example access node, according to some implementations.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] This document describes systems and methods for random access procedure for ambient Internet of Things (IoT) devices in wireless communication. Specifically, this document describes frame structures, frequency synchronization, and timing resource allocation for random access procedures. This document describes frequency bandwidths for communication by ambient IoT devices. This document describes backscattering responses by ambient IoT devices based on the two-dimension resource allocation specified in enhanced query from a base station (e.g., an access node) . The enhanced query of the base station enables an ambient IoT device to support resource allocation in time and frequency dimensions and to minimize collision probability and query latency.
[0019] Specifically, the IOT devices are configured for random access procedure in which a base station is able to identify the device. This application describes how the random access procedure can occur for an IoT device considering the potentially limited size and the potentially high complexity for practical applications for devices that have no battery and how to provide a sufficient random access resource capacity to accommodate many devices in a dense deployment scenario while minimalizing collision rates.
[0020] The systems and methods described herein include the following technical advantages. The updated random access procedure described herein overcomes scenarios in which there is limited power available to a UE and a large initial sampling frequency offset, such as 10 ms over a 30ms period. The updated random access procedure can enable a single tone (single backscatter link frequency (BLF) band) or multi-tone (multiple bands for backscatter link frequencies) backscatter responses from a UE. The updated random access procedure can enable an extended communication distance that is over 10 meters (e.g., up to 50 meters) to collect information from the UE (e.g., a tag) . The updated random access procedure can accommodate many devices at once using multi-tone BLF response for point-to-point communication between the UE and the base station after the UE device identifier is acquired.
[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless network 100, according to some implementations. The wireless network 100 includes a UE 102 and a base station 104 connected via one or more channels 106A, 106B across an air interface 108. The UE 102 and base station 104 communicate using a system that supports controls for managing the access of the UE 102 to a network via the base station 104.
[0022] In some implementations, the wireless network 100 may be a near-field network in which the base station 104 (e.g., access node, gNB, etc. ) is configured to communicate with the user equipment 102 using wireless transmissions that are configured to power the user equipment though energy harvesting (e.g., through ambient energy) . In some implementations, the ambient IoT devices can be present in a cellular network, such as a Non-Standalone (NSA) network that incorporates Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) communication standards as defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technical specifications. For example, the wireless network 100 may be a E-UTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) -NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) network, or an NR-EUTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC) network. In some other implementations, the wireless network 100 may be a Standalone (SA) network that incorporates only 5G NR. Furthermore, other types of communication standards are possible, including future 3GPP systems (e.g., Sixth Generation (6G) ) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 technology (e.g., IEEE 802.11a; IEEE 802.11b; IEEE 802.11g; IEEE 802.11-2007; IEEE 802.11n; IEEE 802.11-2012; IEEE 802.11ac; or other present or future developed IEEE 802.11 technologies) , IEEE 802.16 protocols (e.g., WMAN, WiMAX, etc. ) , or the like. While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 5G NR, aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other systems, such as 3G, 4G, and / or systems subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G) .
[0023] In the wireless network 100, the UE 102 and any other UE in the system may be, for example, a low-cost device or a battery-less device configured for being powered by energy harvesting. The user equipment 102 can include a tag that is configured to identify another object. The user equipment 102 Type-1 device having ~1 μW peak power consumption. The type-1 device has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. The user equipment 102 can include a type-2 device that has less than or equal to a few hundred microwatt (μW) peak power consumption. The type-2 device can have energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both downlink (DL) and / or uplink (UL) amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission may be generated internally by the device or be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. A coverage design target can be a distance of 10-50 meters.
[0024] In network 100, the base station 104 provides the UE 102 network connectivity to a broader network (not shown) . This UE 102 connectivity is provided via the air interface 108 in a base station service area provided by the base station 104. In some implementations, such a broader network may be a wide area network operated by a cellular network provider or may be the Internet. Each base station service area associated with the base station 104 is supported by one or more antennas integrated with the base station 104. The service areas can be divided into a number of sectors associated with one or more particular antennas. Such sectors may be physically associated with one or more fixed antennas or may be assigned to a physical area with one or more tunable antennas or antenna settings adjustable in a beamforming process used to direct a signal to a particular sector.
[0025] The UE 102 includes control circuitry 110 coupled with transmit circuitry 112 and receive circuitry 114. The transmit circuitry 112 and receive circuitry 114 may each be coupled with one or more antennas. The control circuitry 110 may include various combinations of application-specific circuitry and baseband circuitry. The transmit circuitry 112 and receive circuitry 114 may be adapted to transmit and receive data, respectively, and may include radio frequency (RF) circuitry and / or front-end module (FEM) circuitry.
[0026] The UE 102 control circuitry 110 can be configured to cause the UE to perform operations comprising receiving, from a base station 104, a query command indicating time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are used for backscattering a response signal in response to the query by the user equipment. The UE 102 control circuitry can be configured to cause the UE to perform operations comprising transmitting, to the base station 104, the backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected from the time domain resources and the frequency domain resources indicated by the query command.
[0027] The UE 102 control circuitry 110 can be configured to cause the UE to perform operations comprising receiving, from the base station 104, a set of downlink calibration symbols each having a respective length in a query command. The UE 102 control circuitry 110 can be configured to cause the UE to perform operations comprising transmitting, the base station 104, a backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected based on a length of at least one downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols in the query command.
[0028] In various implementations, aspects of the transmit circuitry 112, receive circuitry 114, and control circuitry 110 may be integrated in various ways to implement the operations described herein. The control circuitry 110 may be adapted or configured to perform various operations, such as those described elsewhere in this disclosure related to a UE.
[0029] The transmit circuitry 112 may transmit using a plurality of multiplexed uplink physical channels. The plurality of uplink physical channels may be multiplexed, e.g., according to time division multiplexing (TDM) or frequency division multiplexing (FDM) along with carrier aggregation. The transmit circuitry 112 may be configured to receive block data from the control circuitry 110 for transmission across the air interface 108.
[0030] The receive circuitry 114 can perform various operations described in this specification. For instance, the receive circuitry 114 can receive signals from the base station and power the UE 102. Additionally, the receive circuitry 114 may receive a plurality of multiplexed downlink physical channels from the air interface 108 and relay the physical channels to the control circuitry 110. The plurality of downlink physical channels may be multiplexed, e.g., according to TDM or FDM along with carrier aggregation. The transmit circuitry 112 and the receive circuitry 114 may transmit and receive, respectively, both control data and content data (e.g., messages, images, video, etc. ) structured within data blocks that are carried by the physical channels.
[0031] FIG. 1 also illustrates the base station 104. In some implementations, the base station 104 may be a 5G radio access network (RAN) , a next generation RAN, a E-UTRAN, a non-terrestrial cell, or a legacy RAN, such as a UTRAN. As used herein, the term “5G RAN” or the like may refer to the base station 104 that operates in an NR or 5G wireless network 100, and the term “E-UTRAN” or the like may refer to a base station 104 that operates in an LTE or 4G wireless network 100. The UE 102 utilizes connections (or channels) 106A, 106B, each of which includes a physical communications interface or layer.
[0032] The base station 104 circuitry may include control circuitry 116 coupled with transmit circuitry 118 and receive circuitry 120. The transmit circuitry 118 and receive circuitry 120 may each be coupled with one or more antennas that may be used to enable communications via the air interface 108. The transmit circuitry 118 and receive circuitry 120 may be adapted to transmit and receive data, respectively, to any UE connected to the base station 104. The receive circuitry 120 may receive a plurality of uplink physical channels from one or more UEs, including the UE 102.
[0033] The control circuitry 116 of the base station 104 circuitry cause the base station to perform operations comprising transmitting, to the user equipment 102, a query command indicating time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are used for backscattering a response signal in response to the query command by the user equipment. The control circuitry 116 of the base station 104 circuitry cause the base station to perform operations comprising receiving, from the user equipment 102, the backscattered response signal in response to the query command using a resource that is selected from the time domain resources and the frequency domain resources indicated by the query command.
[0034] The control circuitry 116 of the base station 104 circuitry cause the base station to perform operations comprising transmitting, to the user equipment 102, a set of downlink calibration symbols each having a respective length in a query command. The control circuitry 116 of the base station 104 circuitry cause the base station to perform operations comprising receiving, from the user equipment 102, a backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected from time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are determined based on a length of at least one downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols in the query command.
[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an enhanced query command 200 for a random access procedure for ambient IoT devices, such as UE 102 of FIG. 1. The enhanced query command enables two-dimensional query response resources (QRR) for ambient IoT devices. Generally, in for RFID devices, a query command provides device information and a slot number for a UE query response. The query response of RFID only supports time domain multiplexing (TDM) of resources for the query response. The enhanced query described herein specifies a set of resources, such as a set of reader-tag calibration resources, for both the time domain and the frequency domain (FDM) .
[0036] In an aspect, a variety of approaches maybe considered to support resource allocation in both time and frequency dimensions to minimize collision probability and minimize query response latency. The enhanced Query (enhanced query) command provides a set divide ratio values (DRi) that divide a calibration symbol duration (TRcal) that is transmitted in the downlink transmission by a base station (e.g., base station 104 of FIG. 1) . The enhanced query can provide a set of DR values (i=1, .., K, K>0) in the DR field. For a given divide ratio (DRi) value, an ambient IoT (AM-IoT) device, such as UE 102 of FIG. 1, determines the backscatter link frequency (BLF) location based on the following equation (1)
[0037] where TRcal is the duration of calibration symbol transmitted in the downlink transmission. In some implementations as further described herein, various signal mechanisms can be configured to indicate the divide ratio (DRi) values to the UE 102. Example candidate DR values are shown in Table 1.
[0038] Table 1: Candidate Values for ‘DR’ parameter
[0039] In some implementations, the enhanced query transmitted by the base station 104 to the UE 102 can indicate the DR field values using a separate fields indication. This option provides the greatest flexibility for specifying resources in the time domain and the frequency domain and includes a relatively larger overhead than when a non-separate field indication is used in the enhanced query.
[0040] The enhanced query command can include a DR field for target group of UEs. The DR field specifies a symbol duration. The enhanced query command can include a second field specifying a square wave number indicator (SWNI) (e.g., a SWNI field) . In some implementations, the number of square waves “S” in the symbol is designated by S= 1, 2, 4, …and so forth.
[0041] The set of candidate values, represented by ‘N’ for DRi in Table 1, can be hard-encoded in the specification. For example, a value of N maybe hard-encoded in specification and stored in tag memory (e.g., on a UE 102) .
[0042] In some implementations, the base station 104 can transmit, by means of the enhanced query command, a set of blocks for a UE 102. The set of blocks are associated with a command identifier (ID) . There are X-bits, where X is hard-encoded in the specification. The command ID is used to identify the enhanced query command sent by the base station 104. In some implementations, the blocks include Block number #1, Block number #2, …, Block number K.
[0043] For each block, the following fields are defined. A DR field includes A-bits, where The DR field dynamically indicates a symbol duration and allocates resources in the time domain for the response by the UE 102, such as by a backscattering response. The DR field ‘i+1’ indicates a value for DRi ‘i’ (i=0, 1, .., K-1, K>1) for the backscatter link frequency (BLF) indexed to ‘i’ .
[0044] A second field includes a ‘Square-Wave’ Number Indicator (SWNI) field (or information element IE) . The SWNI field includes B-bits, where and where T is the total number of candidate values for the SWNI. In some implementations, T>1, e.g., T∈ {2, 4, 8, 16} , where B=2.
[0045] A shown in command 200, the DR field is used to indicate the DR value, which is used to determine the symbol duration and symbol rate. The SWNI field indicates how many square-waves are multiplied with a baseband symbol, which is represented by ‘S’ . For the example command, S=2, and so two square waves present. Each of block #1, block #2 …block #K can include the DR field and the SWNI field with corresponding index values.
[0046] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of frequency division multiplexed (FDM) query response resources (QRR) 300 for a backscattering transmission by an ambient IoT device. Specifically, QRR 300 includes two pairs of values for the DR field and the SWNI field: <DRi, SWNIi> (i=1, 2) in respective block fields of a single enhanced query command. The enhanced query is used by the network (e.g., base station 104) to allocate different backscatter link frequencies fsc, 1and fsc, 2 to a user equipment (e.g., user equipment 102 of FIG. 1) .
[0047] In comparison with an RFID single-tone query response scheme, the QRR resources are doubled by the increase a second frequency fsc, 2. This reduces a collision probability among IoT devices by half. As shown in FIG. 3, a first set of resources 302 are designated by a first block including DR#1 and SWNI #1. For this block #1, the value of S =2. The number of square waves within the symbol is 2. The frequency is fsc, 1. A second set of resources 304 are designated by a second block including DR#2 and SWNI #2. For this block #2, the value of S =4. The number of square waves within the symbol is 4. The frequency is fsc, 2 at twice a distance from 0 relative to fsc, 1. The enhanced query specifies both timing resources (the symbol) and frequency resources (frequencies fsc, 1 and fsc, 2) , which is a two-dimensional resource allocation.
[0048] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an enhanced query command 400 for the random access procedure for ambient IoT devices, such as UE 102 of FIG. 1. For the enhanced query command 400, the following fields are included. The enhanced query command 400 includes a single DR field having A-bits, where This field dynamically indicates a single symbol duration and bandwidth (BW) of signal (i.e., fB) .
[0049] The enhanced query command 400 includes fields that indicate the backscatter link frequency (BLF) location for the transmission from the UE 102. A ‘Square-Wave’ Number Indicator (SWNI) field, similar to the SWNI field described in relation to FIGS. 2-3, is B-bits, where where T is the total number of candidate values for the SWNI. The SWNI field indicates a number of square waves to modulate a single symbol.
[0050] The enhanced query command 400 defines a frequency grid where a gap between two adjacent BLFs is determined as follows: fsc=fB*NSW, where NSW is the value indicated by the SWNI field. The frequency grid includes an allocated set of valid frequencies for a transmission by the ambient IoT (e.g., UE 102) .
[0051] The enhanced query command 400 includes a field specifying the starting index of the BLF: Specifically, this field indicates the lowest BLF location (or starting BLF location) for an enhanced query command 400. In some implementations, the starting index field can be absent, assuming that a lowest BLF starts from a carrier wave frequency (e.g., fCW in FIG. 5) .
[0052] The enhanced query command 400 includes a field specifying a number of consecutive BLFs starting from the starting BLF (i.e. ) : where N is an integer. FIG. 5 illustrates an example set of backscattering link frequencies (BLF) 500 responsive to a query command, such as command 400. FIG. 5 illustrates how the enhanced query command 400 is configured to enable a UE 102 to select a middle three BLFs (e.g., 502, 504, and 506) for the backscatter query response. The enhanced query command 400 is configured with the following setting: NSW=2,
[0053] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a single tone BLF resource reservation / allocation 600 and a multi-tone BLF resource reservation / allocation 610 for an ambient IoT device 612. For resource allocation 600, five BLFs are reserved for Am-IoT devices 602, 603, 604, 605, and 606 starting from the BLF#0 e.g., the same frequency as carrier wave fCW with following setting: NSW=2, fB=15 kilohertz. The resource allocation is jointly determined based on the ‘DR’ field and SWNI field (e.g., a smallest number of square waves) , as described previously.
[0054] Resource allocation 610 depicts another example where the fB=30 kHz. In some implementations, when the using the in-band case and a subcarrier spacing in NR system is 15kHz, a single BLF occupies multiple NR subcarriers to achieve higher peak data rate. In some implementations, a guard band is reserved to account for the frequency tolerance variance. In this example, NSW=4, fB=30kHz. The resource allocation is jointly determined based on the ‘DR’ field and SWNI field (e.g., a smallest number of square waves) , as described previously. In some implementations, the carrier wave frequency fcw maybe allocated at the resource block (RB) boundary or in the center of a single RB. Table 2 shows a summary of the resource allocations 600 and 610.
[0055] Table 2: Values for single-tone and multi-tone BLF resource reservation for Am-IOT devices
[0056] In some implementations, a variety of orthogonal sequences maybe used in time domain to further increase the capacity of QRR resources at a BLF frequency, as shown in Equation (2) : y (l*NSF+i) =d (l) *wn (i) , i=0, 1, .., NSF-1 (2)
[0057] where d (l) , (l=0, 1... ) is a baseband symbol index ‘l’ and NSF is the orthogonal sequence length. The NSF value can be derived based on the value of NSW. Generally, NSW is an even number (e.g., 2, 4, 8…) to enable orthogonal code for different Am-IOT users. Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5 each provides orthogonal sequences for NSF=2, NSF=4, NSF=8.
[0058] Table 3: Orthogonal sequence when NSF=8
[0059] Table 4: Orthogonal sequence when NSF=4
[0060] Table 5: Orthogonal sequence when NSF=8
[0061] FIGS. 7A-7B show transmission preambles 700, 710 for enhanced query transmissions. For describing the preambles 700, 710, a link from a base station (e.g., a gNB) or intermediate node to the UE 102, (e.g., the tag) is termed as ‘Downlink’ (DL) . The link from the UE 102 (e.g., a tag) to the base station 104 (e.g., a gNB or intermediate node) is termed as ‘Uplink’ (UL) . In an example, a set of DL calibration symbols (Tcal) maybe transmitted in the preamble signal and used by the Am-IoT UE (e.g., UE 102) to determine the corresponding backscatter link frequency (BLF) locations based on the formula:
[0062] where the value of ‘DR’ is indicated in enhanced query command. TRcal (i) represents the i-th DL calibration symbol in the preamble. Each symbol TRcal (i) has a different length value than the other TRcal (i) symbol lengths to support different BLF locations.
[0063] In an aspect, a difference between the R → T preambles used by RFID (e.g., preamble 700 of FIG. 7A) and the preambles for the ambient IoT enhanced query command (e.g., preambles 710 of FIG. 7B) are that there a multiple preambles for the ambient IoT enhanced query command. For RFID, a single TRcal symbol is included in the preamble 700. Because there are multiple TRcal symbols in a single DL preamble 710, the IoT enhanced query command supports multiple BLF locations for Rel-19 Am-IoT devices in which each BLF is derived based on a TRcal symbol length.
[0064] FIG. 8A illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800, according to some implementations. For clarity of presentation, the description that follows generally describes method 800 in the context of the other figures in this description. For example, method 800 can be performed by a base station 104 of FIG. 1. It will be understood that method 800 can be performed, for example, by any suitable system, environment, software, hardware, or a combination of systems, environments, software, and hardware, as appropriate. In some implementations, various steps of method 800 can be run in parallel, in combination, in loops, or in any order.
[0065] The process 800 includes transmitting (802) , to a user equipment from a base station, a query command indicating time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are used for backscattering a response signal in response to the query command by the user equipment. The process 800 includes receiving (804) , by the base station from the user equipment, the backscattered response signal in response to the query command using a resource that is selected from the time domain resources and the frequency domain resources indicated by the query command.
[0066] In some implementations, the user equipment receives a set of divide ratio (DR) values indicated by the query command, and the frequency domain resource used for the backscattered response signal in response to the query command is determined based on a ratio of a DR value selected from the set of DR values to a duration of a calibration symbol indicated by the query command.
[0067] In some implementations, the query command comprises a set of divide ratio (DR) fields and each field is used to indicate a DR value, wherein the user equipment determines a set of frequency resources for the backscattered response signal based on the DR values indicated by the DR fields of the query command.
[0068] In some implementations, the query command comprising a command identifier that identifies the query command and one or more block fields.
[0069] In some implementations, the each of the one or more block fields in the query command comprise: a DR field that is used to indicate a DR value and the DR value is used to determine a symbol duration and a symbol rate for the backscattered response signal; and a square-wave number indicator (SWNI) field that is used to indicate the number of square waves within a symbol duration and each SWNI value determines a backscatter frequency link (BLF) resource used for the backscattered response signal.
[0070] In some implementations, query command comprises a divide ratio (DR) field indicating a single DR value that is used to determine a symbol duration; a square-wave number indicator (SWNI) field indicating the number of square waves within a symbol duration to modulate the symbol and is used to determine a reference backscatter frequency link (BLF) point; and a length field indicating the number of consecutive BLF resources starting from the reference BLF point determined by the SWNI field in the same query command. A BLF resource grid for the backscattered response signal in response to a query command is determined based on the DR value indicated by the DR field, the number of square waves indicated by the SWNI field, and the number of consecutive frequency resources indicated by the length field.
[0071] In some implementations, the query command further comprises a starting frequency resource index field that is used to indicate a lowest BLF frequency point of the determined BLF resource grid that is allocated for the backscattered response signal.
[0072] In some implementations, the backscattered response signal is transmitted on a single or multiple subcarriers in a carrier.
[0073] In some implementations, there is a gap size in the frequency domain between two consecutive BLFs, the gap size being determined based on fields in the query command being larger than a defined minimum guard band value.
[0074] In some implementations, the query command further specifies a set of orthogonal sequences; and UE select an orthogonal sequence from the set of sequences to modulate a symbol that is transmitted on a given BLF resource.
[0075] In some implementations, a length of the orthogonal sequence is an even number of symbols.
[0076] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises a battery-less device or a device with a very limited battery capacity.
[0077] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises a tag.
[0078] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0079] In some implementations, a range for a communication between the user equipment and the base station is up to 50 meters.
[0080] FIG. 8B illustrates a flowchart of an example method 810, according to some implementations. For clarity of presentation, the description that follows generally describes method 800 in the context of the other figures in this description. For example, method 810can be performed by a UE 102 of FIG. 1. It will be understood that method 810 can be performed, for example, by any suitable system, environment, software, hardware, or a combination of systems, environments, software, and hardware, as appropriate. In some implementations, various steps of method 810 can be run in parallel, in combination, in loops, or in any order.
[0081] The process 810 includes receiving (812) , by a user equipment from a base station, a query command indicating time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are used for backscattering a response signal in response to the query by the user equipment. The process 810 includes transmitting (814) , from the user equipment to the base station, the backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected from the time domain resources and the frequency domain resources indicated by the query command.
[0082] In some implementations, the user equipment receives a set of divide ratio (DR) values indicated by the query command, and the frequency domain resource used for the backscattered response signal in response to the query command is determined based on a ratio of a DR value selected from the set of DR values to a duration of a calibration symbol indicated by the query command.
[0083] In some implementations, the query command comprises a set of divide ratio (DR) fields and each field is used to indicate a DR value, wherein the user equipment determines a set of frequency resources for the backscattered response signal based on the DR values indicated by the DR fields of the query command.
[0084] In some implementations, the query command comprising a command identifier that identifies the query command and one or more block fields.
[0085] In some implementations, the each of the one or more block fields in the query command comprise: a DR field that is used to indicate a DR value and the DR value is used to determine a symbol duration and a symbol rate for the backscattered response signal; and a square-wave number indicator (SWNI) field that is used to indicate the number of square waves within a symbol duration and each SWNI value determines a backscatter frequency link (BLF) resource used for the backscattered response signal.
[0086] In some implementations, query command comprises a divide ratio (DR) field indicating a single DR value that is used to determine a symbol duration; a square-wave number indicator (SWNI) field indicating the number of square waves within a symbol duration to modulate the symbol and is used to determine a reference backscatter frequency link (BLF) point; and a length field indicating the number of consecutive BLF resources starting from the reference BLF point determined by the SWNI field in the same query command. A BLF resource grid for the backscattered response signal in response to a query command is determined based on the DR value indicated by the DR field, the number of square waves indicated by the SWNI field, and the number of consecutive frequency resources indicated by the length field.
[0087] In some implementations, the query command further comprises a starting frequency resource index field that is used to indicate a lowest BLF frequency point of the determined BLF resource grid that is allocated for the backscattered response signal.
[0088] In some implementations, the backscattered response signal is transmitted on a single or multiple subcarriers in a carrier.
[0089] In some implementations, there is a gap size in the frequency domain between two consecutive BLFs, the gap size being determined based on fields in the query command being larger than a defined minimum guard band value.
[0090] In some implementations, the query command further specifies a set of orthogonal sequences; and UE select an orthogonal sequence from the set of sequences to modulate a symbol that is transmitted on a given BLF resource.
[0091] In some implementations, a length of the orthogonal sequence is an even number of symbols.
[0092] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises a battery-less device or a device with a very limited battery capacity.
[0093] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises a tag.
[0094] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0095] In some implementations, a range for a communication between the user equipment and the base station is up to 50 meters.
[0096] FIG. 8C illustrates a flowchart of an example method 820, according to some implementations. For clarity of presentation, the description that follows generally describes method 800 in the context of the other figures in this description. For example, method 820can be performed by a UE 102 of FIG. 1. It will be understood that method 820 can be performed, for example, by any suitable system, environment, software, hardware, or a combination of systems, environments, software, and hardware, as appropriate. In some implementations, various steps of method 820 can be run in parallel, in combination, in loops, or in any order.
[0097] The process 820 includes transmitting (822) , to a user equipment from a base station, a set of downlink calibration symbols each having a respective length in a query command. The process 820 includes receiving (824) , by the base station from the user equipment, a backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected from time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are determined based on a length of at least one downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols in the query command.
[0098] In some implementations, the set of downlink calibration symbols is transmitted in a preamble signal that is transmitted to the user equipment at a beginning of the query command.
[0099] In some implementations, the query command indicates a divide ratio (DR) value by a DR field corresponding to the set of downlink calibration symbols.
[0100] In some implementations, the query command indicates a divide ratio (DR) value corresponding to a downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols, and wherein a frequency domain resource for the backscattered response signal is calculated based on a ratio of the DR value to a value of the corresponding downlink calibration symbol.
[0101] In some implementations, the set of downlink calibration symbols comprises at least two downlink calibration symbols.
[0102] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises a battery-less device or a device with a very limited battery capacity.
[0103] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises a tag.
[0104] In some implementations, a range for a communication between the user equipment and the base station is up to 50 meters.
[0105] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0106] FIG. 8D illustrates a flowchart of an example method 830, according to some implementations. For clarity of presentation, the description that follows generally describes method 800 in the context of the other figures in this description. For example, method 830can be performed by a UE 102 of FIG. 1. It will be understood that method 830 can be performed, for example, by any suitable system, environment, software, hardware, or a combination of systems, environments, software, and hardware, as appropriate. In some implementations, various steps of method 830 can be run in parallel, in combination, in loops, or in any order.
[0107] The process 830 includes receiving (832) , at a user equipment from a base station, a set of downlink calibration symbols each having a respective length in a query command. The process 830 includes transmitting (834) , to the base station from the user equipment, a backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected based on a length of at least one downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols in the query command.
[0108] In some implementations, the set of downlink calibration symbols is transmitted in a preamble signal that is transmitted to the user equipment at a beginning of the query command.
[0109] In some implementations, the query command indicates a divide ratio (DR) value by a DR field corresponding to the set of downlink calibration symbols.
[0110] In some implementations, the query command indicates a divide ratio (DR) value corresponding to a downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols, and wherein a frequency domain resource for the backscattered response signal is calculated based on a ratio of the DR value to a value of the corresponding downlink calibration symbol.
[0111] In some implementations, the set of downlink calibration symbols comprises at least two downlink calibration symbols.
[0112] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises a battery-less device or a device with a very limited battery capacity.
[0113] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises a tag.
[0114] In some implementations, a range for a communication between the user equipment and the base station is up to 50 meters.
[0115] In some implementations, the user equipment comprises an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0116] FIG. 9 illustrates an example access node 900 (e.g., a base station or gNB) , according to some implementations. The access node 900 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with base station X104. The access node 900 may include processors 902, RF interface circuitry 904, core network (CN) interface circuitry 906, memory / storage circuitry 908, and one or more antenna (s) 910.
[0117] The access node 900 may include processors 902, RF interface circuitry 904, memory / storage 906, user interface 908, sensors 910, driver circuitry 912, power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 914, one or more antenna (s) 916, and battery 918. The components of the UE 900 may be implemented as integrated circuits (ICs) , portions thereof, discrete electronic devices, or other modules, logic, hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. The block diagram of FIG. 9 is intended to show a high-level view of some of the components of the access node 900. However, some of the components shown may be omitted, additional components may be present, and different arrangement of the components shown may occur in other implementations.
[0118] The components of the access node 900 may be coupled with various other components over one or more interconnects 920, which may represent any type of interface, input / output, bus (local, system, or expansion) , transmission line, trace, optical connection, etc., that allows various circuit components (on common or different chips or chipsets) to interact with one another.
[0119] The processors 902 may include processor circuitry such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 922A, central processor unit circuitry (CPU) 922B, and graphics processor unit circuitry (GPU) 922C. The processors 902 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory / storage 906 to cause the access node 900 to perform operations as described herein.
[0120] The components of the access node 900 may be coupled with various other components over one or more interconnects 912. The processors 902, RF interface circuitry 904, memory / storage circuitry 908 (including communication protocol stack 914) , antenna (s) 910, and interconnects 912 may be similar to like-named elements shown and described with respect to FIG. 9. For example, the processors 902 may include processor circuitry such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 916A, central processor unit circuitry (CPU) 916B, and graphics processor unit circuitry (GPU) 916C.
[0121] The CN interface circuitry 906 may provide connectivity to a core network, for example, a 5th Generation Core network (5GC) using a 5GC-compatible network interface protocol such as carrier Ethernet protocols, or some other suitable protocol. Network connectivity may be provided to / from the access node 900 via a fiber optic or wireless backhaul. The CN interface circuitry 906 may include one or more dedicated processors or FPGAs to communicate using one or more of the aforementioned protocols. In some implementations, the CN interface circuitry 906 may include multiple controllers to provide connectivity to other networks using the same or different protocols.
[0122] As used herein, the terms “access node, ” “access point, ” or the like may describe equipment that provides the radio baseband functions for data and / or voice connectivity between a network and one or more users. These access nodes can be referred to as BS, gNBs, RAN nodes, eNBs, NodeBs, RSUs, TRxPs or TRPs, and so forth, and can include ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell) . As used herein, the term “NG RAN node” or the like may refer to an access node 900 that operates in an NR or 5G system (for example, a gNB) , and the term “E-UTRAN node” or the like may refer to an access node 900 that operates in an LTE or 4G system (e.g., an eNB) . According to various implementations, the access node 900 may be implemented as one or more of a dedicated physical device such as a macrocell base station, and / or a low power (LP) base station for providing femtocells, picocells or other like cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells.
[0123] In some implementations, all or parts of the access node 900 may be implemented as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of a virtual network, which may be referred to as a CRAN and / or a virtual baseband unit pool (vBBUP) . In V2X scenarios, the access node 900 may be or act as a “Roadside Unit. ” The term “Roadside Unit” or “RSU” may refer to any transportation infrastructure entity used for V2X communications. An RSU may be implemented in or by a suitable RAN node or a stationary (or relatively stationary) UE, where an RSU implemented in or by a UE may be referred to as a “UE-type RSU, ” an RSU implemented in or by an eNB may be referred to as an “eNB-type RSU, ” an RSU implemented in or by a gNB may be referred to as a “gNB-type RSU, ” and the like.
[0124] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0125] Various components may be described as performing a task or tasks, for convenience in the description. Such descriptions should be interpreted as including the phrase “configured to. ” Reciting a component that is configured to perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112 (f) interpretation for that component.
[0126] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, or methods as set forth in the example section below. For example, the baseband circuitry as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc., as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below in the example section.
[0127] Examples
[0128] Example 1 includes a method, comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment from a base station, a query command indicating time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are used for backscattering a response signal in response to the query command by the user equipment; and receiving, by the base station from the user equipment, the backscattered response signal in response to the query command using a resource that is selected from the time domain resources and the frequency domain resources indicated by the query command.
[0129] Example 2 includes example 1, wherein the user equipment receives a set of divide ratio (DR) values indicated by the query command, and the frequency domain resource used for the backscattered response signal in response to the query command is determined based on a ratio of a DR value selected from the set of DR values to a duration of a calibration symbol indicated by the query command.
[0130] Example 3 includes any of examples 1 to 2, wherein the query command comprises a set of divide ratio (DR) fields and each field is used to indicate a DR value, wherein the user equipment determines a set of frequency resources for the backscattered response signal based on the DR values indicated by the DR fields of the query command.
[0131] Example 4 includes any of examples 1 to 3, the query command comprising a command identifier that identifies the query command and one or more block fields.
[0132] Example 5 includes any of examples 1 to 4, wherein the each of the one or more block fields in the query command comprise: a DR field that is used to indicate a DR value and the DR value is used to determine a symbol duration and a symbol rate for the backscattered response signal; and a square-wave number indicator (SWNI) field that is used to indicate the number of square waves within a symbol duration and each SWNI value determines a backscatter frequency link (BLF) resource used for the backscattered response signal.
[0133] Example 6 includes any of examples 1 to 5, the query command comprising: a divide ratio (DR) field indicating a single DR value that is used to determine a symbol duration; a square-wave number indicator (SWNI) field indicating the number of square waves within a symbol duration to modulate the symbol and is used to determine a reference backscatter frequency link (BLF) point; and a length field indicating the number of consecutive BLF resources starting from the reference BLF point determined by the SWNI field in the same query command; wherein a BLF resource grid for the backscattered response signal in response to a query command is determined based on the DR value indicated by the DR field, the number of square waves indicated by the SWNI field, and the number of consecutive frequency resources indicated by the length field.
[0134] Example 7 includes example 6, the query command further comprising a starting frequency resource index field that is used to indicate a lowest BLF frequency point of the determined BLF resource grid that is allocated for the backscattered response signal.
[0135] Example 8 includes example 6, wherein the backscattered response signal is transmitted on a single or multiple subcarriers in a carrier.
[0136] Example 9 includes example 6, further comprising a gap size in the frequency domain between two consecutive BLFs, the gap size being determined based on fields in the query command being larger than a defined minimum guard band value.
[0137] Example 10 includes any of examples 1 to 9, wherein the query command further specifying a set of orthogonal sequences; and UE select an orthogonal sequence from the set of sequences to modulate a symbol that is transmitted on a given BLF resource.
[0138] Example 11 includes example 10, wherein a length of the orthogonal sequence is an even number of symbols.
[0139] Example 12 includes any of examples 1 to 11, wherein the user equipment comprises a battery-less device or a device with a very limited battery capacity.
[0140] Example 13 includes any of examples 1 to 12, wherein the user equipment comprises a tag.
[0141] Example 14 includes any of examples 1 to 13, wherein the user equipment comprises an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0142] Example 15 includes any of examples 1 to 14, wherein a range for a communication between the user equipment and the base station is up to 50 meters.
[0143] Example 16 includes a method comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment from a base station, a set of downlink calibration symbols each having a respective length in a query command; and receiving, by the base station from the user equipment, a backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected from time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are determined based on a length of at least one downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols in the query command.
[0144] Example 17 includes example 16, wherein the set of downlink calibration symbols is transmitted in a preamble signal that is transmitted to the user equipment at a beginning of the query command.
[0145] Example 18 includes any of examples 16 to 17, wherein the query command indicates a divide ratio (DR) value by a DR field corresponding to the set of downlink calibration symbols.
[0146] Example 19 includes any of examples 16 to 17, wherein the query command indicates a divide ratio (DR) value corresponding to a downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols, and wherein a frequency domain resource for the backscattered response signal is calculated based on a ratio of the DR value to a value of the corresponding downlink calibration symbol.
[0147] Example 20 includes any of examples 16 to 19, wherein the set of downlink calibration symbols comprises at least two downlink calibration symbols.
[0148] Example 21 includes any of examples 16 to 20, wherein the user equipment comprises a battery-less device or a device with a very limited battery capacity.
[0149] Example 22 includes any of examples 16 to 21, wherein the user equipment comprises a tag.
[0150] Example 23 includes any of examples 16 to 22, wherein a range for a communication between the user equipment and the base station is up to 50 meters.
[0151] Example 24 includes any of examples 16 to 23, wherein the user equipment comprises an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0152] Example 25 includes a method comprising: receiving, by a user equipment from a base station, a query command indicating time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are used for backscattering a response signal in response to the query by the user equipment; and transmitting, from the user equipment to the base station, the backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected from the time domain resources and the frequency domain resources indicated by the query command.
[0153] Example 26 includes example 25, wherein the user equipment receives a set of divide ratio (DR) values indicated by the query command, and the frequency domain resource used for the backscattered response signal in response to the query command is determined based on a ratio of a DR value selected from the set of DR values to a duration of a calibration symbol indicated by the query command.
[0154] Example 27 includes any of examples 25 to 26, wherein the query command comprises a set of divide ratio (DR) fields and each field is used to indicate a DR value, wherein the user equipment determines a set of frequency resources for the backscattered response signal based on the DR values indicated by the DR fields of the query command.
[0155] Example 28 includes any of examples 25 to 27, the query command comprising a command identifier that identifies the query command and one or more block fields.
[0156] Example 29 includes any of examples 25 to 28, wherein the each of the one or more block fields in the query command comprise: a DR field that is used to indicate a DR value and the DR value is used to determine a symbol duration and a symbol rate for the backscattered response signal; and a square-wave number indicator (SWNI) field that is used to indicate the number of square waves within a symbol duration and each SWNI value determines a backscatter frequency link (BLF) resource used for the backscattered response signal.
[0157] Example 30 includes any of examples 25 to 29, the query command comprising: a divide ratio (DR) field indicating a single DR value that is used to determine a symbol duration; a square-wave number indicator (SWNI) field indicating the number of square waves within a symbol duration to modulate the symbol and is used to determine a reference backscatter frequency link (BLF) point; and a length field indicating the number of consecutive BLF resources starting from the reference BLF point determined by the SWNI field in the same query command; wherein a BLF resource grid for the backscattered response signal in response to a query command is determined based on the DR value indicated by the DR field, the number of square waves indicated by the SWNI field, and the number of consecutive frequency resources indicated by the length field.
[0158] Example 31 includes example 30, the query command further comprising a starting frequency resource index field that is used to indicate a lowest BLF frequency point of the determined BLF resource grid that is allocated for the backscattered response signal.
[0159] Example 32 includes example 30, wherein the backscattered response signal is transmitted on a single or multiple subcarriers in a carrier.
[0160] Example 33 includes example 30, further comprising determining a gap size in the frequency domain between two consecutive BLFs, the gap size being determined based on fields in the query command being larger than a defined minimum guard band value.
[0161] Example 34 includes any of examples 25 to 33, wherein the query command further specifying a set of orthogonal sequences; and UE select an orthogonal sequence from the set of sequences to modulate a symbol that is transmitted on a given BLF resource.
[0162] Example 35 includes example 34, wherein a length of the orthogonal sequence is an even number of symbols.
[0163] Example 36 includes any of examples 25 to 35, wherein the user equipment comprises a battery-less device or a device with a very limited battery capacity.
[0164] Example 37 includes any of examples 25 to 36, wherein the user equipment comprises a tag.
[0165] Example 38 includes any of examples 25 to 37, wherein the user equipment comprises an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0166] Example 39 includes any of examples 25 to 38, wherein a range for a communication between the user equipment and the base station is up to 50 meters.
[0167] Example 40 includes a method comprising: receiving, at a user equipment from a base station, a set of downlink calibration symbols each having a respective length in a query command; and transmitting, to the base station from the user equipment, a backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected based on a length of at least one downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols in the query command.
[0168] Example 41 includes example 40, wherein the set of downlink calibration symbols is transmitted in a preamble signal that is transmitted to the user equipment at a beginning of the query command.
[0169] Example 42 includes any of examples 40 to 41, wherein the query command indicates a divide ratio (DR) value by a DR field corresponding to the set of downlink calibration symbols.
[0170] Example 43 includes any of examples 40 to 42, wherein the query command indicates a divide ratio (DR) value corresponding to a downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols, and wherein a frequency domain resource for the backscattered response signal is calculated based on a ratio of the DR value to a value of the corresponding downlink calibration symbol.
[0171] Example 44 includes any of examples 40 to 43, wherein the set of downlink calibration symbols comprises at least two downlink calibration symbols.
[0172] Example 45 includes any of examples 40 to 44, wherein the user equipment comprises a battery-less device or a device with a very limited battery capacity.
[0173] Example 46 includes any of examples 40 to 45, wherein the user equipment comprises a tag.
[0174] Example 47 includes any of examples 40 to 46, wherein a range for a communication between the user equipment and the base station is up to 50 meters.
[0175] Example 48 includes any of examples 40 to 47, wherein the user equipment comprises an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0176] Example 49 includes a system comprising one or more computers and one or more storage devices, on which are stored instructions that are operable, when executed by the one or more computers, to cause the one or more computers to perform the method of any of claims 1-48.
[0177] Example 50 includes a non-transitory computer storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by one or more computers, cause the one or more computers to perform the method of any of claims 1-48.
[0178] Example 51 includes an apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to perform the method of any of claims 1-48.
[0179] Example 52 includes one or more baseband processors configured to perform the method of any of claims 1-48.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:transmitting, to a user equipment from a base station, a query command indicating time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are used for backscattering a response signal in response to the query command by the user equipment; andreceiving, by the base station from the user equipment, the backscattered response signal in response to the query command using a resource that is selected from the time domain resources and the frequency domain resources indicated by the query command.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the user equipment receives a set of divide ratio (DR) values indicated by the query command, and the frequency domain resource used for the backscattered response signal in response to the query command is determined based on a ratio of a DR value selected from the set of DR values to a duration of a calibration symbol indicated by the query command.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the query command comprises a set of divide ratio (DR) fields and each field is used to indicate a DR value, wherein the user equipment determines a set of frequency resources for the backscattered response signal based on the DR values indicated by the DR fields of the query command.4.The method of claim 1, the query command comprising a command identifier that identifies the query command and one or more block fields.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the each of the one or more block fields in the query command comprise:a DR field that is used to indicate a DR value and the DR value is used to determine a symbol duration and a symbol rate for the backscattered response signal; anda square-wave number indicator (SWNI) field that is used to indicate the number of square waves within a symbol duration and each SWNI value determines a backscatter frequency link (BLF) resource used for the backscattered response signal.6.The method of claim 1, the query command comprising:a divide ratio (DR) field indicating a single DR value that is used to determine a symbol duration; anda square-wave number indicator (SWNI) field indicating the number of square waves within a symbol duration to modulate the symbol and is used to determine a reference backscatter frequency link (BLF) point;a length field indicating the number of consecutive BLF resources starting from the reference BLF point determined by the SWNI field in the same query command;wherein a BLF resource grid for the backscattered response signal in response to a query command is determined based on the DR value indicated by the DR field, the number of square waves indicated by the SWNI field, and the number of consecutive frequency resources indicated by the length field.7.The method of claim 6, the query command further comprising a starting frequency resource index field that is used to indicate a lowest BLF frequency point of the determined BLF resource grid that is allocated for the backscattered response signal.8.The method of claim 6, wherein the backscattered response signal is transmitted on a single or multiple subcarriers in a carrier.9.The method of claim 6, further comprising determining a gap size in the frequency domain between two consecutive BLFs, the gap size being determined based on fields in the query command being larger than a defined minimum guard band value.10.The method of claim 1, wherein the query command further specifying a set of orthogonal sequences; and UE select an orthogonal sequence from the set of sequences to modulate a symbol that is transmitted on a given BLF resource.11.The method of claim 10, wherein a length of the orthogonal sequence is an even number of symbols.12.The method of claim 1, wherein the user equipment comprises a battery-less device or a device with a very limited battery capacity.13.The method of claim 1, wherein the user equipment comprises a tag.14.The method of claim 1, wherein the user equipment comprises an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.15.The method of claim 1, wherein a range for a communication between the user equipment and the base station is up to 50 meters.16.A method comprising:transmitting, to a user equipment from a base station, a set of downlink calibration symbols each having a respective length in a query command; andreceiving, by the base station from the user equipment, a backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected from time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are determined based on a length of at least one downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols in the query command.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the set of downlink calibration symbols is transmitted in a preamble signal that is transmitted to the user equipment at a beginning of the query command.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the query command indicates a divide ratio (DR) value by a DR field corresponding to the set of downlink calibration symbols.19.The method of claim 17, wherein the query command indicates a divide ratio (DR) value corresponding to a downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols, and wherein a frequency domain resource for the backscattered response signal is calculated based on a ratio of the DR value to a value of the corresponding downlink calibration symbol.20.The method of claim 16, wherein the set of downlink calibration symbols comprises at least two downlink calibration symbols.21.The method of claim 16, wherein the user equipment comprises a battery-less device or a device with a very limited battery capacity.22.The method of claim 16, wherein the user equipment comprises a tag.23.The method of claim 16, wherein a range for a communication between the user equipment and the base station is up to 50 meters.24.The method of claim 16, wherein the user equipment comprises an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.25.A method comprising:receiving, by a user equipment from a base station, a query command indicating time domain resources and frequency domain resources that are used for backscattering a response signal in response to the query by the user equipment; andtransmitting, from the user equipment to the base station, the backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected from the time domain resources and the frequency domain resources indicated by the query command.26.A method comprising:receiving, by a user equipment from a base station, a set of downlink calibration symbols each having a respective length in a query command; andtransmitting, to the base station from the user equipment, a backscattered response signal in response to the received query command using a resource that is selected based on a length of at least one downlink calibration symbol of the set of downlink calibration symbols in the query command.27.A system comprising one or more computers and one or more storage devices, on which are stored instructions that are operable, when executed by the one or more computers, to cause the one or more computers to perform the method of any of claims 1-26.28.A non-transitory computer storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by one or more computers, cause the one or more computers to perform the method of any of claims 1-26.29.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to perform the method of any of claims 1-26.30.One or more baseband processors configured to perform the method of any of claims 1-26.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Backscatter communication method, device and system
CN113207174A
Method for accessing communication system and communication device
CN113645647A
Synchronization method and communication device
CN117295146A
Communication device and a method for localization
US20190346554A1