Sensing service
By exchanging messages for sensing capability and measurement configurations, UE and network entities in NTN scenarios manage sensing operations, addressing the lack of effective sensing services in NTN, ensuring reliable and accurate communication.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/131073
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems lack effective methods for supporting sensing services in non-terrestrial networks (NTN), particularly in scenarios involving satellite or high-altitude platform stations, which are crucial for future 6G networks.
User equipment (UE) and network entities exchange messages related to sensing capability information, measurement configurations, and error indications to manage sensing operations in NTN scenarios, including beam-level configurations and region definitions, to support accurate and adaptive sensing services.
Enables efficient and adaptive sensing services in NTN environments by managing sensing regions, correcting errors due to node movements, and optimizing measurement windows, thereby enhancing communication reliability and accuracy.
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Figure CN2024131073_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SENSING SERVICETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a user equipment, a base station, a network device in a core network, processors, and methods for sensing service.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] The feature of non-terrestrial network (NTN) is specified to support radio access network (RAN) deployment over satellite or a high altitude platform station (HAPS) . NTN refers to a network, or a segment of networks using radio frequency (RF) resources on board a satellite or a HAPS, providing 4G / 5G access using LTE / NR protocol. The satellite in NTN may be a geostationary earth orbiting (GEO) satellite with a fixed location to the Earth, or a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite orbiting around the Earth. It is expected that the NTN will be supported in future 6G networks with further integration to the terrestrial network (TN) .SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support a sensing service, especially for sensing service in NTN.
[0005] In a first aspect of the solution, a UE transmit to or receive from, a first network entity or a sensing function entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario. The UE performs an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message. In this way, sensing services in NTN scenarios are supported.
[0006] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the message is transmitted to the first network entity or the sensing function entity and may include at least one of the following: sensing capability information of the UE; a request for sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; a sensing measurement configuration; a request for a sensing measurement configuration; a sensing termination indication; or a sensing error indication.
[0007] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the message is received from the first network entity or the sensing function entity and may include at least one of the following: sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; a request for sensing capability information of the UE; a sensing measurement configuration; a request for a sensing measurement configuration; a sensing termination indication; or a sensing error indication.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node may include at least one of the following: a capability of supporting NTN sensing services; an indication that the at least one sensing node is at least one NTN sensing node or is embarked on at least one NTN payload; a capability of supporting a beam-level sensing configuration; a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region; a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region; a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node; or a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing capability information of the UE may include at least one of the following: a capability of supporting NTN sensing services with an NTN sensing node or with a sensing node embarked on an NTN payload; a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region; a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region; a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node; a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node; a maximum height of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with; a highest orbit of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with; or at least one type of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the status information of the sensing region may include at least one of the following: a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; or movement information of at least one sensing node.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the status information of the non-sensing region may include at least one of the following: a validity duration of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; a start time of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; an end time of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; or movement information of at least one sensing node.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing measurement configuration may include at least one of the following: an indication of at least one sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication of at least one non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; movement information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; a plurality of candidate measurement windows for the UE to receive sensing signals from at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; a plurality of candidate measurement windows for at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE; an estimated start time of a measurement window for the UE to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first network entity; an estimated end time of a measurement window for the UE to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first network entity; an estimated start time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE; an estimated end time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE; at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report; or at least one content type of a sensing measurement report.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication of the at least one sensing region may include at least one of the following: at least one minimum elevation angle; information of at least one cone; information of at least one cylinder; or information of at least one height-based plane area.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication of the at least one non-sensing region may include at least one of the following: at least one minimum elevation angle; information of at least one cone; information of at least one cylinder; or information of at least one height-based plane area.
[0015] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, one of the at least one sensing region is associated with at least one of the following: a cell of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a beam of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service; or a velocity of a sensing node associated with the first network entity.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, one of the at least one non-sensing region is associated with at least one of the following: a cell of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a beam of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a validity duration for restricting a sensing service; a start time for restricting a sensing service; an end time for restricting a sensing service; or a velocity of a sensing node associated with the first network entity.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one condition may include at least one of the following: a time of changing a cell serving the UE is approaching; a time of changing a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service is approaching; a time of changing a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service is approaching; a time of changing a sensing link for a sensing service is approaching; the UE or a sensing node associated with the first network entity is to leave a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; or the UE or a sensing node associated with the first network entity is to enter a non-sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service.
[0018] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one content type of the sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; a confidence degree of sensing results; a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; position information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals; or velocity information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include at least one of the following: an indication that a sensing capability of the UE changes; an indication that the UE is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication that the UE is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; an indication that a sensing capability of a sensing node associated with the first network entity changes; an indication that a sensing node associated with the first network entity is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication that a sensing node associated with the first network entity is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; an indication that a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service expires; an indication that an error in a sensing result is beyond tolerance; or an indication that no sensing window is applicable.
[0020] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: initiating or terminating a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node based on the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node; or initiating or terminating a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node based on the sensing measurement configuration; or initiating or re-initiating or terminating a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication.
[0021] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a sensing node associated with the first network entity, sensing signals in a measurement window, wherein the measurement window is determined by one of the following: offsetting a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; or extending a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; or selecting the measurement window from a plurality of candidate measurement windows based on at least one of position information of the sensing node or a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node.
[0022] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a sensing node associated with the first network entity, sensing signals; and obtaining a sensing measurement report based on the received sensing signals. The sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; variation information of the propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; variation information of a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; a confidence degree of sensing results based on the received sensing signals; a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of the sensing node; position information of the sensing node at the time of transmitting the sensing signals; or velocity information of the sensing node at the time of transmitting the sensing signal.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing measurement configuration may include the at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the first network entity or the sensing function entity, a sensing measurement report in the case that one or more of the at least one condition are met.
[0024] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the message may include the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: terminating a sensing measurement or a sensing measurement report; or discarding a sensing measurement configuration.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing function entity is a core network function or is located in the first network entity or is a separate entity.
[0026] In a second aspect of the solution, a first network entity transmits to or receives from, a user equipment (UE) or a second network entity or a sensing function entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario. The first network entity performs an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.
[0027] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the message is received from the UE or the second network entity or the sensing function entity and may include at least one of the following: sensing capability information of the UE; sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; a request for sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; a sensing measurement configuration; a request for a sensing measurement configuration; a sensing termination indication; or a sensing error indication.
[0028] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the message is transmitted to the UE or the second network entity or the sensing function entity and may include at least one of the following: sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; a request for sensing capability information of the UE; a request for sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; a sensing measurement configuration; a request for a sensing measurement configuration; a sensing termination indication; or a sensing error indication.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity or associated with the second network entity may include at least one of the following: a capability of supporting NTN sensing services; an indication that the at least one sensing node is at least one NTN sensing node or is embarked on at least one NTN payload; a capability of supporting a beam-level sensing configuration; a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region; a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region; a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node; a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node; a capability of indicating a sensing range with another NTN sensing node or another sensing node embarked on an NTN payload; or a capability of indicating a change of a sensing link with another NTN sensing node or another sensing node embarked on an NTN payload.
[0030] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing capability information of the UE may include at least one of the following: a capability of supporting NTN sensing services with an NTN sensing node or with a sensing node embarked on an NTN payload; a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region; a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region; a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node; a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node; a maximum height of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with; a highest orbit of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with; or at least one type of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with.
[0031] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the status information of the sensing region may include at least one of the following: a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; or movement information of at least one sensing node.
[0032] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the status information of the non-sensing region may include at least one of the following: a validity duration of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; a start time of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; an end time of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; or movement information of at least one sensing node.
[0033] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing measurement configuration may include at least one of the following: an indication of at least one sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication of at least one non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; movement information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; movement information of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; variation information of at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; a plurality of candidate measurement windows for the UE or at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity to receive sensing signals from at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; a plurality of candidate measurement windows for at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals transmitted from the UE or from at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; an estimated start time of a measurement window for the UE or a sensing node associated with the second network entity to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first network entity; an estimated end time of a measurement window for the UE or a sensing node associated with the second network entity to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first network entity; an estimated start time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE or from a sensing node associated with the second network entity; an estimated end time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE or from a sensing node associated with the second network entity; a change of a sensing link between a sensing node associated with the first network entity and a sensing node associated with the second network entity; at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report; or at least one content type of a sensing measurement report.
[0034] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication of the at least one sensing region may include at least one of the following: at least one minimum elevation angle; information of at least one cone; information of at least one cylinder; or information of at least one height-based plane area.
[0035] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication of the at least one non-sensing region may include at least one of the following: at least one minimum elevation angle; information of at least one cone; information of at least one cylinder; or information of at least one height-based plane area.
[0036] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, one of the at least one sensing region is associated with at least one of the following: a cell of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a cell of a sensing node associated with the second network entity; a beam of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a beam of a sensing node associated with the second network entity; a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service; a velocity of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; or a velocity of a sensing node associated with the second network entity.
[0037] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, one of the at least one non-sensing region is associated with at least one of the following: a cell of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a cell of a sensing node associated with the second network entity; a beam of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a beam of a sensing node associated with the second network entity; a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service; a velocity of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; or a velocity of a sensing node associated with the second network entity.
[0038] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one condition may include at least one of the following: a time of changing a cell serving the UE is approaching; a time of changing a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service is approaching; a time of changing a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service is approaching; a time of changing a sensing link for a sensing service is approaching; the UE or a sensing node associated with the first network entity or a sensing node associated with the second network entity is to leave a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; or the UE or a sensing node associated with the first network entity or a sensing node associated with the second network entity is to enter a non-sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service.
[0039] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one content type of the sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; variation information of at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; a confidence degree of sensing results; a correction to sensing results with respect to at least one of movements of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity or movements of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; position information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals; velocity information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals; position information of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals; or velocity information of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals.
[0040] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include at least one of the following: an indication that a sensing capability of the UE changes; an indication that the UE is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication that the UE is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; an indication that a sensing capability of a sensing node associated with the first network entity changes; an indication that a sensing node associated with the first network entity is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication that a sensing node associated with the first network entity is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; an indication that a sensing capability of a sensing node associated with the second network entity changes; an indication that a sensing node associated with the second network entity is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication that a sensing node associated with the second network entity is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; an indication that a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service expires; an indication that an error in a sensing result is beyond tolerance; or an indication that no sensing window is applicable; or a change of a sensing link between a sensing node associated with the first network entity and a sensing node associated with the second network entity.
[0041] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: initiating or terminating a sensing operation with the UE based on the sensing capability information of the UE; or initiating or terminating a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity based on the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; or initiating or terminating a sensing operation with the UE based on the sensing measurement configuration; or initiating or terminating a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity based on the sensing measurement configuration; initiating or re-initiating or terminating a sensing operation with the UE based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication; or initiating or re-initiating or terminating a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication.
[0042] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the UE at a sensing node associated with the first network entity, sensing signals in a measurement window, wherein the measurement window is determined by one of the following: offsetting a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; or extending a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; or selecting the measurement window from a plurality of candidate measurement windows based on at least one of position information of the sensing node or a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node.
[0043] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a second sensing node associated with the second network entity at a first sensing node associated with the first network entity, sensing signals in a measurement window, wherein the measurement window is determined by one of the following: offsetting a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node; or extending a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node; or selecting the measurement window from a plurality of candidate measurement windows based on at least one of the following: position information of the first sensing node, position information of the second sensing node, or a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node.
[0044] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the UE at a sensing node associated with the first network entity, sensing signals; and obtaining a sensing measurement report based on the received sensing signals. The sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; variation information of the propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; variation information of a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; a confidence degree of sensing results based on the received sensing signals; a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of the sensing node; position information of the sensing node at the time of receiving the sensing signals; or velocity information of the sensing node at the time of receiving the sensing signal.
[0045] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a second sensing node associated with the second network entity at a first sensing node associated with the first network entity, sensing signals; and obtaining a sensing measurement report based on the received sensing signals. The sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node; variation information of the propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node; a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node; variation information of a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node; a confidence degree of sensing results based on the received sensing signals; a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of at least one of the first sensing node or the second sensing node; position information of the first sensing node at the time of receiving the sensing signals; velocity information of the first sensing node at the time of receiving the sensing signal; position information of the second sensing node at the time of transmitting the sensing signals; or velocity information of the second sensing node at the time of transmitting the sensing signal.
[0046] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing measurement configuration may include the at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmit, to the UE or the second network entity or the sensing function entity, a sensing measurement report in the case that one or more of the at least one condition are met.
[0047] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the message may include the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: terminate a sensing measurement or a sensing measurement report; or discard a sensing measurement configuration.
[0048] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing function entity is a core network function or is located in the first network entity or the second network entity or is a separate entity.
[0049] In a third aspect of the solution, a sensing function entity transmits to or receives from, a user equipment (UE) or a first network entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario; and performs an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.
[0050] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the message is received from the UE or the first network entity and may include at least one of the following: sensing capability information of the UE; sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; a request for a sensing measurement configuration; a sensing termination indication; or a sensing error indication.
[0051] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the message is transmitted to the UE or the first network entity and may include at least one of the following: a request for sensing capability information of the UE; a request for sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; a sensing measurement configuration; a sensing termination indication; or a sensing error indication.
[0052] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity may include at least one of the following: a capability of supporting NTN sensing services; an indication that the at least one sensing node is at least one NTN sensing node or is embarked on at least one NTN payload; a capability of supporting a beam-level sensing configuration; a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region; a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region; a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node; a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node; a capability of indicating a sensing range with another NTN sensing node or another sensing node embarked on an NTN payload; or a capability of indicating a change of a sensing link with another NTN sensing node or another sensing node embarked on an NTN payload.
[0053] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing capability information of the UE may include at least one of the following: a capability of supporting NTN sensing services with an NTN sensing node or with a sensing node embarked on an NTN payload; a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region; a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region; a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node; a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node; a maximum height of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with; a highest orbit of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with; or at least one type of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with.
[0054] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the status information of the sensing region may include at least one of the following: a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; or movement information of at least one sensing node.
[0055] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the status information of the non-sensing region may include at least one of the following: a validity duration of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; a start time of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; an end time of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; or movement information of at least one sensing node.
[0056] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing measurement configuration may include at least one of the following: an indication of at least one sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication of at least one non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; movement information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity; variation information of at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity; a plurality of candidate measurement windows for the UE or at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity to receive sensing signals from at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; a plurality of candidate measurement windows for at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals transmitted from the UE or from at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity; an estimated start time of a measurement window for the UE or a sensing node associated with a second network entity to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first network entity; an estimated end time of a measurement window for the UE or a sensing node associated with a second network entity to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first network entity; an estimated start time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE or from a sensing node associated with a second network entity; an estimated end time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE or from a sensing node associated with a second network entity; a change of a sensing link between a sensing node associated with the first network entity and a sensing node associated with a second network entity; at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report; or at least one content type of a sensing measurement report.
[0057] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication of the at least one sensing region may include at least one of the following: at least one minimum elevation angle; information of at least one cone; information of at least one cylinder; or information of at least one height-based plane area.
[0058] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication of the at least one non-sensing region may include at least one of the following: at least one minimum elevation angle; information of at least one cone; information of at least one cylinder; or information of at least one height-based plane area.
[0059] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, one of the at least one sensing region is associated with at least one of the following: a cell of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a beam of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service; or a velocity of a sensing node associated with the first network entity.
[0060] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, one of the at least one non-sensing region is associated with at least one of the following: a cell of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a beam of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service; or a velocity of a sensing node associated with the first network entity.
[0061] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one condition may include at least one of the following: a time of changing a cell serving the UE is approaching; a time of changing a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service is approaching; a time of changing a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service is approaching; a time of changing a sensing link for a sensing service is approaching; the UE or a sensing node associated with the first network entity is to leave a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; or the UE or a sensing node associated with the first network entity is to enter a non-sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service.
[0062] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one content type of the sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity; variation information of at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity; a confidence degree of sensing results; a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; position information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals; or velocity information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals.
[0063] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include at least one of the following: an indication that a sensing capability of the UE changes; an indication that the UE is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication that the UE is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; an indication that a sensing capability of a sensing node associated with the first network entity changes; an indication that a sensing node associated with the first network entity is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication that a sensing node associated with the first network entity is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; an indication that a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service expires; an indication that an error in a sensing result is beyond tolerance; or an indication that no sensing window is applicable; or a change of a sensing link between a sensing node associated with the first network entity and a sensing node associated with a second network entity.
[0064] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing function entity is further caused to: initiating or terminating a sensing operation involving the UE and the at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity based on the sensing capability information of the UE and the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; or initiating or terminating a sensing operation involving at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity and the at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity based on the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity and the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity; or initiating or terminating a sensing operation involving the UE and the at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity based on the sensing measurement configuration; or initiating or terminating a sensing operation involving at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity and the at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity based on the sensing measurement configuration; or initiating or re-initiating or terminating a sensing operation involving the UE and the at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication; or initiating or re-initiating or terminating a sensing operation involving at least one sensing node associated with a second network entity and the at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication.
[0065] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing function entity is further caused to: receiving, from the UE or the first network entity, a sensing measurement report. The sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: a propagation delay between the UE and a sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of the propagation delay between the UE and a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the UE and a sensing node associated with the first network entity; variation information of a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the UE and a sensing node associated with the first network entity; a confidence degree of sensing results; a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of a sensing node associated with the first network entity; position information of a sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals from or to the UE; or velocity information of a sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals from or to the UE.
[0066] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing function entity is further caused to: receiving, from the first network entity, a sensing measurement report. The sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: a propagation delay between a sensing node associated with the first network entity and a sensing node associated with a second network entity; variation information of the propagation delay between a sensing node associated with the first network entity and a sensing node associated with a second network entity; a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between a sensing node associated with the first network entity and a sensing node associated with a second network entity; variation information of a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between a sensing node associated with the first network entity and a sensing node associated with a second network entity; a confidence degree of sensing results; a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of at least one of a sensing node associated with the first network entity or a sensing node associated with a second network entity; position information of a sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving sensing signals from a sensing node associated with a second network entity; velocity information of a sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving sensing signals from a sensing node associated with a second network entity; position information of a sensing node associated with a second network entity at the time of transmitting sensing signals to a sensing node associated with the first network entity; or velocity information of a sensing node associated with a second network entity at the time of transmitting sensing signals to a sensing node associated with the first network entity.
[0067] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the message may include the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication, and the sensing function entity is further caused to: terminate a sensing measurement or a sensing measurement report; or discard a sensing measurement configuration.
[0068] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing function entity is a core network function or is located in the first network entity or the second network entity or is a separate entity.
[0069] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0070] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports a sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0071] FIG. 1B illustrates example scenarios of a NTN payload serving as sensing TRP in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0072] FIG. 1C illustrates an example interface procedure for sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0073] FIG. 2A illustrates an example signaling procedure for a sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0074] FIG. 2B illustrates another example signaling procedure for a sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0075] FIG. 3 illustrates an example signaling procedure for implementing a sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0076] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of device that support sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0077] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of processor that support sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0078] FIGS. 6 through 8 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0079] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0080] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0081] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0082] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0083] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0084] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0085] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G NR, long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0086] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto BS, a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0087] As used herein, the term “terminal device” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, a user equipment (UE) , an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture terminal device such as a digital camera, a gaming terminal device, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an internet of things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “terminal device, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” “user equipment” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0088] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0089] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports a sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0090] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0091] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0092] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an internet-of-everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0093] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0094] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0095] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) . In an example, the network entity 102 may be the satellite, there may be full or part of an eNB / gNB on board. A communication link 110 between the satellite 102 and the UE 104, a communication link 110 between the satellite 102 and a BS 102, and a communication link 116 between the BS 102 and the core network 106 may be used for the NTN transparent mode. A communication link 110 between the satellite 102 and the UE 104, and a communication link 116 between the satellite 102 (with BS on board) and the core network 106 may be used for the NTN regenerative mode.
[0096] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a CU, a DU, a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0097] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0098] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0099] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0100] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0101] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0102] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0103] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0104] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0105] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0106] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0107] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0108] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0109] Current 5G and 5G-Advanced network designs are primarily focused on data transmission over a wide range of frequencies. Although positioning is supported, it doesn’t offer the in-built capability to detect objects not connected to the network. If sensing capability is integrated into the design of the system, sensing may be offered as a service alongside communications. Sensing as a service can provide various use cases including intruder detection, assisted automotive navigation and UAV detection and tracing. Meanwhile, it has been proposed to study on deployment scenarios and channel modelling for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) . Current studies on ISAC have been focusing on the scenarios, requirements and general procedures of providing sensing services alongside with communication leveraging TN infrastructures (e.g., TRPs and gNBs on the ground) .
[0110] As mentioned above, the feature of NTN is specified to support RAN deployment over satellite or HAPS. NTN refers to a network, or a segment of networks using RF resources on board a satellite or a HAPS. The satellite in NTN may be a GEO satellite with a fixed location to the Earth, or a LEO satellite orbiting around the Earth. Considering their large coverage and high altitude deployment, satellites and HAPS are well-suited for providing sensing services in both horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, NTN payloads (e.g., satellites and HAPS) can serve as sensing nodes (i.e., TRPs) to implement ISAC, supporting sensing modes such as TRP monostatic, TRP-TRP bistatic, TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic. FIG. 1B illustrates example scenarios of a NTN payload serving as sensing TRP in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. It should be understood that FIG. 1B is merely for illustration, other scenarios are also possible.
[0111] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions to support sensing service (or ISAC) in 5G-Advanced and possible 6G networks deploying NTN payloads (satellites and HAPS) as the sensing nodes (i.e., TRPs) , with specific considerations given to the unique characteristics of satellite and HAPS deployments.
[0112] To support sensing services in the communication system, a sensing function (SF) could be implemented as a logical network element to manage sensing procedures and results from either gNBs, UEs, or both. The SF could be located within the 5G core (5GC) , at a gNB, or elsewhere in the network. FIG. 1C illustrates an example of an interface procedure 120 for sensing as described in this disclosure. This procedure 120 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, involving UE (s) 104 and gNB (s) 102 as shown in FIG. 1A, along with an SF 130, which could reside in the RAN, or in the core network, or as a standalone entity. For example, the SF 130 might be implemented within the location management function (LMF) .
[0113] As shown in FIG. 1C, the basic interface procedures between the SF 130 and the UE (s) 104 / gNBs (s) 102, or between the UE (s) 104 and the gNBs (s) 102 may include a sensing capability exchange procedure 122, a sensing measurement configuration procedure 124 and a sensing measurement report procedure 126. Enhancements to these interface procedures are necessary to address specific requirements for supporting sensing services in NTN.
[0114] The first specific aspect is what specific capabilities is needed for satellites or HAPS serving as TRPs, and optionally for corresponding UEs, to enable effective sensing capability exchange. To ensure alignment between involved nodes regarding their sensing capabilities, an exchange of capability information is needed between the SF and the gNB or UE, or between the gNB and UE.
[0115] Generally, the exchanged capability information may include supported sensing modes, transmission and reception capabilities, processing capabilities (such as limits on the number of objects and maximum sensing distance) , sensing accuracy (e.g., distance and resolution, velocity and resolution, angle and resolution, and sensing latency) , as well as data types used for sensing (e.g., angle of arrival / angle of departure (AoA / AoD) , delay) and for calculations (e.g., distance, velocity, angle) . These capabilities are common for both TN TRPs and NTN TRPs.
[0116] Besides these common capabilities, the sensing abilities of satellite / HAPS TRPs and corresponding UEs may also be constrained by specific characteristics of satellite or HAPS. For instance, a satellite / HAPS beam may only be scheduled or assigned to cover a specific area, and sub-cell-level power restrictions could apply to sensing tasks. Due to hardware limitations, satellite / HAPS coverage has a minimum elevation angle, creating a cone-shaped sensing area that varies with altitude for both the TRP and the UE. The extensive coverage of satellites / HAPS could also overlap with restricted or prohibited areas for sensing services.
[0117] Additionally, for non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellites or mobile HAPS, the sensing coverage area could be time-sensitive (for both Earth-moving and quasi-Earth-fixed cells) or even mobile (for Earth-moving cells) . For example, the movement of an NGSO satellite or mobile HAPS during sensing could cause errors in the results, which the gNB or UE may need to mitigate or assist to mitigate. Inter-satellite links (ISLs) may also be used for TRP-TRP bistatic sensing, where corresponding changes could impact sensing availability. Furthermore, a UE may only be able to transmit or receive sensing signals to / from certain types of radio access technologies (RATs) (e.g., HAPS only, LEO only, or all orbits) due to hardware limits.
[0118] Therefore, some specific sensing capability information related to satellite / HAPS TRPs and corresponding UEs may need to be included in the sensing capability exchange.
[0119] The second specific aspect is what specific configuration is needed for satellites or HAPS serving as TRPs and optionally corresponding UEs for sensing measurement configuration. To guarantee proper operations of sensing measurements by involved nodes, sensing measurement configuration or assistance is needed between the SF and the gNB or UE, or between the gNB and UE.
[0120] Generally, the sensing measurement configuration may include sensing modes, sensing roles (e.g., transmission and / or reception) , requirements of sensing accuracy and latency, reporting modes (e.g., periodic and / or event triggered) , transmission and reception configuration of sensing reference signals, and activation and deactivation of sensing reference signal transmission. These configurations are common for both TN TRPs and NTN TRPs. Besides these common configurations, some dedicated sensing measurement configurations for satellite / HAPS TRPs and corresponding UEs may also be considered to cope with the impact of satellite / HAPS characteristics.
[0121] For example, satellite beam management (e.g., power scheduling) and the minimum elevation angle may limit the area for implementing or providing sensing service. The sensing service area / space could be represented as a cone (with area varying by height) for either the TRP or the UE. Therefore, the sensing configuration may need to include corresponding area information to represent the area.
[0122] Furthermore, the large coverage area of satellites / HAPS may overlap with an area that is forbidden or restricted for sensing services. The sensing configuration may need to include corresponding area information to represent the area.
[0123] For NGSO satellite or mobile HAPS, the sensing service area / space could be time-sensitive (for both Earth-moving cells and quasi-Earth-fixed cells) or even mobile (for Earth-moving cells) . The sensing configuration may need to indicate the possible changes of corresponding area information.
[0124] Additionally, large propagation delays between the UE and TRPs or between TRPs and delay differences from UE / TRP to multiple TRPs may impact sensing window scheduling. In TRP-UE bistatic mode, either precise configuration from the network (e.g., based on UE assistance) or adjustments by the UE for the receiving window are needed. In UE-TRP bistatic mode, the network needs assistance from the UE to determine the receiving window at the gNB. In TRP-TRP bistatic mode, assistance information could be needed between TRPs.
[0125] The movement of NGSO satellites or mobile HAPS during the sensing process may cause errors in sensing results. In TRP-UE bistatic mode, the network needs to indicate the UE the necessary information to derive the movement during sensing process or to mitigate the errors. In UE-TRP bistatic mode, the UE needs to indicate the network the necessary information to derive the movement during sensing process or to mitigate the errors. In TRP-TRP bistatic mode, necessary information could be needed between TRPs to derive the movements during sensing process or to mitigate the errors.
[0126] Therefore, some specific configuration for satellite / HAPS TRPs and corresponding UEs may need to be included in sensing measurement configuration.
[0127] The third specific aspect is what specific report is needed for satellites or HAPS serving as TRPs and corresponding UEs for sensing measurement reporting. To complete a sensing process and obtain sensing results, sensing measurement and corresponding reports or assistance are needed between the SF and the gNB or UE, or between the gNB and UE.
[0128] Generally, the sensing measurements may include sensing results (e.g., distance, velocity, application information) , intermediate sensing data (e.g., a cloud of sensing points) , preliminary data of sensing data (e.g., spectra of delay, Doppler, angle, signal strength) or original data of sensing data (receiving signal or channel information) . The corresponding report may be active or passive report with optional thresholds. These measurements and reports may be common for both TN TRPs and NTN TRPs. Besides these common measurement results and reports, some dedicated sensing measurement results, reports and assistance of satellite / HAPS TRP and corresponding UE may also be considered to cope with the impact of satellite / HAPS characteristics.
[0129] For example, the large propagation delays between the UE and TRPs or between TRPs and delay differences from UE / TRP to multiple TRPs may impact on the sensing results. To compensate, the UE or gNB may need to adjust the results based on its derived delay and delay difference at the sensing transmission and / or reception time, or report its derived delay and delay difference at the sensing transmission and / or reception time to the SF.
[0130] Furthermore, the movement of NGSO satellites or mobile HAPS during the sensing process may cause errors in sensing results. To mitigate this, the gNB or UE may be able to mitigate or assist to mitigate such error, e.g., providing results with a degree of confidence or corrected value, or providing position and velocity information at the time of sensing transmission or reception.
[0131] For the case of common (e.g., cell specific) sensing configuration including sensing windows, the large propagation delays between the UE and TRPs or between TRPs and delay differences from UE / TRP to multiple TRPs may cause different timings at UEs or TRPs at different locations. In such cases, the UE or gNB needs to compensate for these delays to ensure aligned understanding of sensing timing.
[0132] In the case of NGSO satellites or mobile HAPS, the sensing service area / space could be time-sensitive (for both Earth-moving cells and quasi-Earth-fixed cells) or even mobile (for Earth-moving cells) . A last-call report could be needed to provide sensing data as much as possible before the UE leaves the area or before the area becomes invalid due to TRP movement or ISL change.
[0133] Therefore, some specific data, results, reports and assistances related to satellite / HAPS TRP and corresponding UE may need to be included in sensing measurement reporting.
[0134] In summary, f the present disclosure aims to solve the potential issues of supporting sensing services in NTN scenarios with satellites / HAPS serving as sensing TRPs. Based on the basic capability, configuration and operation procedures of sensing or ISAC, the sensing capability, configuration and operation are enhanced with specific considerations on the satellites / HAPS serving as sensing TRPs and corresponding UEs.
[0135] In view of the above discussions, some embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution for providing a sensing service, especially for providing a sensing service in NTN. In some embodiments of the proposed solution, a first network entity transmits to or receives from, a UE or a second network entity or a sensing function entity, a message associated with sensing in a NTN scenario. Then, the first network entity performs an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message. By implementing the example embodiments of the present disclosure, a sensing service can be implemented or provided in the NTN scenario.
[0136] FIG. 2A illustrates an example of signalling procedure 200A for data collection for supported functionalities in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the procedure 200A will be described with reference to FIG. 1A, and the procedure 200A may involve a UE 104 as shown in FIG. 1A and a first network entity 102-1. The first network entity 102-1 may be implemented as a base station, which may be onboard a satellite or a HAPS in the NTN regenerative mode or may communicate with at least one satellite or HAPS in the NTN transparent mode. In some embodiments, the procedure 200A may further involve a sensing function entity 130. The sensing function entity 130 may be implemented as a sensing function or a function supporting sensing. The sensing function entity 130 may be located in the RAN, in the core network, or implemented as a standalone entity. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2A are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that procedure 200A may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0137] As shown in FIG. 2A, the UE 104 transmits or receives (202) a message 204 associated with sensing in a NTN scenario to or from the first base station 102-1. The first base station 102-1 receives or transmits (206) the message 204 from or to the UE 104. The first base station 102-1 transmits or receives (208) a message 210 associated with sensing in a NTN scenario to or from the sensing function entity 130. The sensing function entity 130 receives or transmits (212) the message 210 from or to the first base station 102-1. Alternatively or additionally, the UE 104 transmits or receives (214) a message 216 associated with sensing in a NTN scenario to or from the sensing function entity 130. The sensing function entity 130 receives or transmits (218) the message 216 from or to the UE 104.
[0138] The UE 104 performs (220) an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message 204 and / or the message 216. The first base station 102-1 performs (222) an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message 204 and / or the message 210. The sensing function entity 130 performs (224) an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message 210 and / or the message 216.
[0139] In some embodiments, the message 204 or 216 may include sensing capability information of the UE 104 and may be transmitted to the first base station 102-1 or the sensing function entity 130. In some implementations, the UE 104 may receive a request for sensing capability information of the UE 104 from the first base station 102-1 or the sensing function entity 130 and may respond by transmitting the sensing capability information of the UE 104. Alternatively or additionally, the message 210 may include sensing capability information of the UE 104. For example, the UE 104 may report its sensing capability information to the first base station 102-1 and the first base station 102-1 may forward the sensing capability information of the UE 104 to the sensing function entity 130. In another example, the sensing function entity 130 may receive and store the sensing capability information of the UE 104, and may transmit the sensing capability information of the UE 104 to the first base station 102-1 in response to a request from the first base station 102-1.
[0140] In some embodiments, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability of supporting NTN sensing services with an NTN sensing node or with a sensing node embarked on an NTN payload. For example, the UE 104 may support sensing operation with a NTN node (e.g., satellites or HAPS) and the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability indication (e.g., UE_Capability_Sensing_NTN) of supporting sensing services with satellites / HAPS TRP involved.
[0141] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region. For example, the UE 104 may be capable of implementing or providing sensing services in a given area / space. The sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability indication of supporting indicating sensing service area / space (e.g., cone representation) or area-based sensing service initiation. The capability applies to at least TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes.
[0142] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region. For example, the UE 104 may be capable of restricting sensing services in a given area / space. The sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability indication of supporting indicating non-sensing-area / space (e.g. cylinder representation) . The capability applies to at least TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes.
[0143] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service. For example, the UE 104 may be capable of indicating sensing service areas / spaces and the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability indication of supporting indicating sensing service areas / spaces. The capability applies to at least TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service. In some embodiments, the status information of the sensing region may include at least one of the following: a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; or movement information of at least one sensing node. For example, the UE 104 may be capable of indicating status of sensing service areas / spaces (e.g., validity duration, start and end time or movement information) at least for TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes. The sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability indication of supporting indicating status of sensing service areas / spaces at least. The capability applies to at least TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes.
[0144] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service. For example, the UE 104 may be capable of indicating non-sensing service areas / spaces and the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability indication of supporting indicating non-sensing service areas / spaces. The capability applies to at least TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service. In some embodiments, the status information of the non-sensing region may include at least one of the following: a validity duration of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; a start time of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; an end time of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; or movement information of at least one sensing node. For example, the UE 104 may be capable of indicating status of non-sensing service areas / spaces (e.g., validity duration, start and end time or movement information) at least for TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes. The sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability indication of supporting indicating status of non-sensing service areas / spaces. The capability applies to at least TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes.
[0145] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node. For example, the UE 104 may be capable of mitigating or correcting the sensing result errors resulted from sensing node movements, at least for TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes. The sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability indication of supporting mitigating or correcting the sensing result errors. The capability applies to at least TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes.
[0146] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node. For example, the UE 104 may be capable of providing assistance information to a sensing node involved in the sensing process to assist mitigating or correcting the sensing result errors, at least for TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes. The sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability indication of supporting providing assistance information for mitigating or correcting the sensing result errors. The capability applies to at least TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes.
[0147] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a maximum height of sensing nodes that the UE 104 is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a highest orbit of sensing nodes that the UE 104 is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include at least one type of sensing nodes that the UE 104 is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with. For example, the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may include a capability indication of at least one of the maximum height, the highest orbit or the RAT type of a sensing node that the UE may support sensing operation with. These capabilities apply to at least TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes. Example RAT types include, but are not limited to, low earth orbit (LEO) , medium earth orbit (MEO) , highly elliptical orbit (HEO) , geostationary orbit (GEO) , and HAPS.
[0148] In some embodiments, the message 204 carrying the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may be transmitted in the sensing capability exchange (e.g., in a sensing capability report) via a gNB-UE interface. Alternatively or additionally, the message 210 carrying the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may be transmitted in the sensing capability exchange (e.g., in a sensing capability report) via a SF-gNB interface. Alternatively or additionally, the message 216 carrying the sensing capability information of the UE 104 may be transmitted in the sensing capability exchange (e.g., in a sensing capability report) via a SF-UE interface.
[0149] In some embodiments, after receiving the message 204 or 210 carrying the sensing capability information of the UE 104, the first base station 102-1 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the UE 104 based on the sensing capability information of the UE 104. Alternatively or additionally, after receiving the message 210 or 216 carrying the sensing capability information of the UE 104, the sensing function entity 130 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation involving the UE 104 at least based on the sensing capability information of the UE 104. In an example, the change of the UE capability contents may trigger sensing capability update, or trigger error or termination indication for a sensing service.
[0150] In some embodiments, the message 204 or 210 may include sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and may be transmitted to the UE 104 or the sensing function entity 130. In some implementations, the first base station 102-1 may receive a request for sensing capability information of the first base station 102-1 from the UE 104 or the sensing function entity 130 and may respond by transmitting the sensing capability information of the UE 104. Alternatively or additionally, the message 214 may include sensing capability information of the first base station 102-1. For example, the first base station 102-1 may report its sensing capability information to the UE 104 and the UE 104 may forward the sensing capability information to the sensing function entity 130. In another example, the sensing function entity 130 may receive and store the sensing capability information of the first base station 102-1, and may transmit the sensing capability information of the first base station 102-1 to the UE 104 in response to a request from the UE 104.
[0151] In some embodiments, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include a capability of supporting NTN sensing services. For example, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node may include a capability indication of supporting sensing services with satellites / HAPS TRP involved. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include an indication that the at least one sensing node is at least one NTN sensing node or is embarked on at least one NTN payload. For example, the at least one sensing node may be a non-terrestrial sensing node, e.g., satellite or HAPS.
[0152] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include a capability of supporting a beam-level sensing configuration. For example, the at least one sensing node or its corresponding base station may be capable of per beam sensing configuration, i.e., the sensing transmission power or sensing range of a beam may be individually configured or adjusted. The sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node may include a capability indication of supporting a beam-level sensing configuration e.g., supporting adjusting beam transmission power or sensing range of a TRP. The capability applies to at least TRP-UE bistatic, TRP-TRP bistatic and TRP monostatic modes.
[0153] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region. For example, the at least one sensing node or its corresponding base station may be capable of implementing or providing sensing services in a given area / space, and the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node may include a capability indication of supporting indicating sensing service area / space (e.g., cone representation) or area-based sensing service initiation. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region. For example, the at least one sensing node or its corresponding base station may be capable of restricting sensing services in a given area / space, and the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node may include a capability indication of supporting indicating non-sensing-area / space (e.g. cylinder representation) . Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service. For example, the at least one sensing node or its corresponding base station may be capable of indicating status of sensing service area / space and / or non-sensing-area / space, including validity duration, start and end time or movement information. The sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node may include a capability indication of supporting indicating sensing service area / space or non-sensing-area / space status. The capability applies to at least TRP-UE bistatic, TRP-TRP bistatic and TRP monostatic modes.
[0154] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node. For example, the at least one sensing node or its corresponding base station may be capable of mitigating or correcting the sensing result error resulted from sensing node movement, or providing assistance information to the UE or another sensing node involved in the sensing process to mitigate or correct the sensing result error. The sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node may include a capability indication of supporting mitigating or correct the sensing result error resulted from TRP movement, or to provide assistance information for mitigating or correcting the sensing result error. The capability applies to at least TRP-UE bistatic, TRP-TRP bistatic and TRP monostatic modes.
[0155] In some embodiments, the message 204 carrying the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node of the first base station 102-1 may be transmitted in the sensing capability exchange (e.g., in a sensing capability report) via a gNB-UE interface. Alternatively or additionally, the message 210 carrying the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node of the first base station 102-1 may be transmitted in the sensing capability exchange (e.g., in a sensing capability report) via a SF-gNB interface. Alternatively or additionally, the message 216 carrying the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node of the first base station 102-1 may be transmitted in the sensing capability exchange (e.g., in a sensing capability report) via a SF-UE interface.
[0156] In some embodiments, after receiving the message 204 or 216 carrying the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node of the first base station 102-1, the UE 104 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node based on the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node. Alternatively or additionally, after receiving the message 210 or 216 carrying the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node, the sensing function entity 130 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation involving the at least one sensing node at least based on the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node. For example, the sensing function entity 130 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation involving the UE 104 and the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 based on the sensing capability information of the UE 104 and the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1. In an example, the change of the capability contents of the sensing nodes may trigger sensing capability update, or trigger error or termination indication for a sensing service.
[0157] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, sensing capabilities regarding satellite / HAPS TRPs and corresponding UEs are included in sensing capability exchange procedures. The capabilities are specific to the satellite / HAPS serving as TRPs for sensing, or to the UEs that are involved in sensing with satellite / HAPS serving as TRPs. The capabilities may be included in the sensing capability reporting and corresponding request messages, via the following interfaces: SF-gNB, SF-UE, and gNB-UE. A change of the capability contents may trigger sensing capability update, or trigger error or termination indication for a sensing service. The corresponding causes may be included in an error or termination indication, e.g., a sensing capability change.
[0158] In some embodiments, the UE 104 may receive the message 204 including a sensing measurement configuration from the first base station 102-1. Alternatively, the first base station 102-1 may receive the message 204 including a sensing measurement configuration from the UE 104. In some embodiments, the sensing function entity 130 may transmit the message 210 including a sensing measurement configuration to the first base station 102-1. The sensing function entity 130 may transmit the message 216 including a sensing measurement configuration to the UE 104. In some embodiments, the sensing measurement configuration may be transmitted in response to receiving a sensing measurement configuration request.
[0159] In some embodiments, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of at least one sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service. In some implementations, the indication of the at least one sensing region may include at least one of the following: at least one minimum elevation angle; information of at least one cone; information of at least one cylinder; or information of at least one height-based plane area. In some implementations, one of the at least one sensing region may be associated with at least one of the following: a cell of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; a beam of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service; or a velocity of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1. For example, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of the sensing service area / space, such as minimum elevation angle or 3D sensing area / space information including representation of cone or cylinder or height-based flat area / space. Each area / space may be associated to an NTN cell or a satellite beam. Each area / space may be associated to a validity duration, or a start and an end time. Each area / space may be associated to a velocity.
[0160] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of at least one non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service. In some implementations, the indication of the at least one non-sensing region may include at least one of the following: at least one minimum elevation angle; information of at least one cone; information of at least one cylinder; or information of at least one height-based plane area. In some implementations, one of the at least one non-sensing region is associated with at least one of the following: a cell of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; a beam of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; a validity duration for restricting a sensing service; a start time for restricting a sensing service; an end time for restricting a sensing service; or a velocity of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1. For example, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of the non-sensing service area / space, such as minimum elevation angle or 3D sensing area / space information including representation of cone or cylinder or height-based flat area / space. Each area / space may be associated to an NTN cell or a satellite beam. Each area / space may be associated to a validity duration, or a start and an end time. Each area / space may be associated to a velocity.
[0161] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include movement information of at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1. For example, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of sensing service TRP movement (e.g., ephemeris) , e.g., if no area / space is indicated.
[0162] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include at least one propagation delay between the UE 104 and at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE 104 and at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1. For example, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of a propagation delay and optionally its variation between a UE to a sensing node.
[0163] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE 104 and at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE 104 and at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1. For example, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of a propagation delay difference and optionally its variation between a UE to a sensing node.
[0164] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include a plurality of candidate measurement windows for the UE 104 to receive sensing signals from at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1. For example, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of multiple sensing measurement window (e.g., each associated to a propagation delay value or range) for the receiving UE to select based on its propagation delay and / or propagation delay difference.
[0165] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include a plurality of candidate measurement windows for at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 to receive sensing signals from the UE 104. For example, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of multiple sensing measurement window (e.g., each associated to a propagation delay value or range) for the receiving TRP to select based on its propagation delay and / or propagation delay difference.
[0166] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include an estimated start time of a measurement window for the UE 104 to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include an estimated end time of a measurement window for the UE 104 to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include an estimated start time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 to receive sensing signals from the UE 104. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include an estimated end time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 to receive sensing signals from the UE 104. For example, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of the estimated / expected position of the TRP or UE at the beginning and / or end of a sensing measurement window.
[0167] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report. In some implementations, the at least one condition may include at least one of the following: a time of changing a cell serving the UE 104 is approaching; a time of changing a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service is approaching; a time of changing a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service is approaching; a time of changing a sensing link for a sensing service is approaching; the UE 104 or a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 is to leave a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; or the UE 104 or a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 is to enter a non-sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service. For example, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of sensing measurement report condition, including a time condition (e.g., a cell change time, sensing service area / space or non-sensing-area / space change time or sensing TRP ISL change time is approaching) or a location / distance condition (the UE or TRP is entering a non-sensing-area / space or leaving a sensing service area / space e.g., determined by its distance to a given position) .
[0168] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include at least one content type of a sensing measurement report. In some implementations, the at least one content type of the sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: at least one propagation delay between the UE 104 and at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE 104 and at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE 104 and at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE 104 and at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; a confidence degree of sensing results; a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; position information of at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals; or velocity information of at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals. For example, the sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of needed / requested sensing measurement report contents, e.g., the propagation delay and optionally its variation between a UE to a sensing node, the propagation delay difference and optionally its variation between a UE to a sensing node, the degree of confidence for the sensing results; the correction to the sensing results due to TRP movement; or the TRP position and velocity information at the time of sensing transmission or reception.
[0169] In some embodiments, the message 204 carrying the sensing measurement configuration may be transmitted via a gNB-UE interface. Alternatively or additionally, the message 210 carrying the sensing measurement configuration may be transmitted from the via a SF-gNB interface. Alternatively or additionally, the message 216 carrying the sensing measurement configuration may be transmitted via a SF-UE interface.
[0170] In some embodiments, after receiving or transmitting the message 204 or 216 carrying the sensing measurement configuration, the UE 104 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node based on the sensing measurement configuration. Alternatively or additionally, after receiving or transmitting the message 204 or 210 carrying the sensing measurement configuration, the first base station 102-1 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the UE based on the sensing measurement configuration. Alternatively or additionally, after transmitting the message 210 or 216 carrying the sensing measurement configuration, the sensing function entity 130 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation involving the UE 104 and the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 based on the sensing measurement configuration.
[0171] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, sensing measurement configurations regarding satellite / HAPS TRPs and corresponding UEs are included in sensing configuration procedures. The configurations are specific to the satellite / HAPS serving as TRP for sensing, or to the UE that is involved in sensing with satellite / HAPS serving as TRP. The configurations may be included in the sensing measurement configuration and corresponding request messages, via the interfaces e.g., SF-gNB, SF-UE, gNB-UE and possibly SF-LMF in case of TRP or UE location information is needed from LMF. The change of the above configurations may trigger sensing configuration update, or trigger error or termination indication for a sensing service. The corresponding causes may be included in error or termination indication, e.g., out of sensing area / space, validity expiring, error beyond tolerance, no window applicable.
[0172] In some embodiments, the message 204 or 210 or 216 may include a sensing termination indication and / or a sensing error indication. The sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include an indication that a sensing capability of the UE 104 changes. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include an indication that the UE 104 is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include an indication that the UE 104 is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include an indication that a sensing capability of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 changes. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include an indication that a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include an indication that a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include an indication that a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service expires. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include an indication that an error in a sensing result is beyond tolerance. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include an indication that no sensing window is applicable.
[0173] In some embodiments, after receiving or transmitting the message 204 or 216 carrying the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication, the UE 104 may initiate or re-initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication. In an example, the UE 104 may terminate a sensing measurement or a sensing measurement report. In another example, the UE 104 may discard a sensing measurement configuration. Alternatively or additionally, after receiving or transmitting the message 204 or 210 carrying the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication, the first base station 102-1 may initiate or re-initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the UE 104 based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication. In an example, the first base station 102-1 may terminate a sensing measurement or a sensing measurement report. In another example, the first base station 102-1 may discard a sensing measurement configuration. Alternatively or additionally, after receiving or transmitting the message 210 or 216 carrying the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication, the sensing function entity 130 may initiate or re-initiate or terminate a sensing operation involving the UE 104 and the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication. In an example, the sensing function entity 130 may terminate a sensing measurement or a sensing measurement report. In another example, the sensing function entity 130 may discard a sensing measurement configuration. The sensing error or termination indication may be triggered for a sensing measurement report due to the UE or the sensing node being out of sensing area / space or entering non-sensing-area / space, validity expiring, error beyond tolerance, no window applicable, ect.
[0174] In some embodiments, the UE 104 may receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 in a measurement window. In an example implementation, the measurement window may be determined by offsetting a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node. Alternatively, the measurement window may be determined by extending a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node. Alternatively, the measurement window may be determined by selecting the measurement window from a plurality of candidate measurement windows based on at least one of position information of the sensing node or a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node. For example, in a TRP-UE bistatic mode, the UE may determine the timing of a valid sensing measurement window by offsetting or extending a configured sensing window with propagation delay between the UE to a sensing node or by selecting a sensing window from multiple configurations based on location and / or propagation delay and delay difference.
[0175] In some embodiments, the UE 104 may receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and obtain a sensing measurement report based on the received sensing signals. The sensing measurement report may include a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node. Alternatively, the sensing measurement report may include variation information of the propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node. Alternatively, the sensing measurement report may include a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node. Alternatively, the sensing measurement report may include variation information of a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node. Alternatively, the sensing measurement report may include a confidence degree of sensing results based on the received sensing signals. Alternatively, the sensing measurement report may include a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of the sensing node. Alternatively, the sensing measurement report may include position information of the sensing node at the time of transmitting the sensing signals. Alternatively, the sensing measurement report may include velocity information of the sensing node at the time of transmitting the sensing signal.
[0176] In some embodiments, the sensing measurement configuration may include the at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report. The UE 104 may transmit a sensing measurement report to the first base station 102-1 or the sensing function entity 130 in the case that one or more of the at least one condition are met.
[0177] In some embodiments, the first base station 102-1 may receive sensing signals from the UE 104 at a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 in a measurement window. In an example implementation, the measurement window is determined by offsetting a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node. Alternatively, the measurement window may be determined by extending a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node. Alternatively, the measurement window may be determined by selecting the measurement window from a plurality of candidate measurement windows based on at least one of position information of the sensing node or a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node. For example, in a UE-TRP bistatic mode, the first base station 102-1 may determine the timing of a valid sensing measurement window by offsetting or extending a configured sensing window with propagation delay between the UE to its sensing node or by selecting a sensing window from multiple configurations based on location and / or propagation delay and delay difference.
[0178] In some embodiments, the first base station 102-1 may receive sensing signals from the UE 104 at a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1, and obtain a sensing measurement report based on the received sensing signals. The sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node; variation information of the propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node; a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node; variation information of a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the UE 104 and the sensing node; a confidence degree of sensing results based on the received sensing signals; a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of the sensing node; position information of the sensing node at the time of receiving the sensing signals; or velocity information of the sensing node at the time of receiving the sensing signal.
[0179] In some embodiments, the sensing measurement configuration may include the at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report. The first base station 102-1 may transmit a sensing measurement report to the UE 104 or the sensing function entity 130 in the case that one or more of the at least one condition are met.
[0180] For example, the sensing measurement report may be recorded and reported by the UE in a TRP-UE bistatic mode. The sensing measurement report may be recorded and reported by the first base station 102-1 in a UE-TRP bistatic mode. At least one of the following may be recorded or reported for sensing measurement: propagation delay and optionally its variation between the UE to a sensing node; propagation delay difference and optionally its variation between a UE or a sensing node at the sensing transmission and / or reception time; a degree of confidence for the sensing results; a correction to the sensing results due to sensing node movement; information of sensing node position and velocity at the time of sensing transmission or reception. A sensing measurement report may be triggered when at least one of the following conditions is met: the cell change time (e.g., t-Service) , the sensing service area / space or non-sensing-area / space change time or sensing link change tie is approaching; or the UE or the sensing node is entering a non-sensing-area / space or is leaving the sensing service area / space, determined by its distance to a given position.
[0181] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, sensing measurement contents, triggering and timing regarding satellite / HAPS TRP and corresponding UE are enhanced for sensing measurement procedures. The sensing measurement contents are specific to the satellite / HAPS serving as TRP for sensing, or to the UE that is involved in sensing with satellite / HAPS as TRP.
[0182] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of signalling procedure 200B for data collection for supported functionalities in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the procedure 200B will be described with reference to FIG. 1A, and the procedure 200B may involve a first network entity 102-1. The first network entity 102-1 may be implemented as a base station, which may be onboard a satellite or a HAPS in the NTN regenerative mode or may communicate with at least one satellite or HAPS in the NTN transparent mode. In some embodiments, the procedure 200B may further involve a second network entity 102-2. The second network entity 102-2 may be a TN base station. In another example, the second network entity 102-2 may be implemented as a base station, which may be onboard a satellite or a HAPS in the NTN regenerative mode or may communicate with at least one satellite or HAPS in the NTN transparent mode. In some embodiments, the procedure 200B may further involve a sensing function entity 130. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2B are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that procedure 200B may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The same reference numerals are used to denote the elements or components described in FIG. 2B having the same operations as the elements or components described in FIG. 2A, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0183] As shown in FIG. 2B, the second base station 102-2 transmits or receives (232) a message 234 associated with sensing in a NTN scenario to or from the first base station 102-1. The first base station 102-1 receives or transmits (236) the message 234 from or to the second base station 102-2. The first base station 102-1 transmits or receives (238) a message 240 associated with sensing in a NTN scenario to or from the sensing function entity 130. The sensing function entity 130 receives or transmits (242) the message 240 from or to the first base station 102-1. Alternatively or additionally, the second base station 102-2 transmits or receives (244) a message 246 associated with sensing in a NTN scenario to or from the sensing function entity 130. The sensing function entity 130 receives or transmits (248) the message 246 from or to the second base station 102-2.
[0184] The second base station 102-2 performs (250) an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message 234 and / or the message 246. The first base station 102-1 performs (252) an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message 234 and / or the message 240. The sensing function entity 130 performs (254) an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message 240 and / or the message 246.
[0185] In some embodiments, the message 234 or 240 may include sensing capability information of the first base station 102-1 and may be transmitted to the second base station 102-2 or the sensing function entity 130. In some implementations, the first base station 102-1 may receive a request for sensing capability information of the first base station 102-1 from the second base station 102-2 or the sensing function entity 130 and may respond by transmitting the sensing capability information of the first base station 102-1. Alternatively or additionally, the message 246 may include sensing capability information of the first base station 102-1.
[0186] In some embodiments, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 may include at least one of the following: a capability of supporting NTN sensing services; an indication that the at least one sensing node is at least one NTN sensing node or is embarked on at least one NTN payload; a capability of supporting a beam-level sensing configuration; a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region; a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region; a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node; a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node; a capability of indicating a sensing range with another NTN sensing node or another sensing node embarked on an NTN payload; or capability of indicating a change of a sensing link with another NTN sensing node or another sensing node embarked on an NTN payload.
[0187] In some embodiments, the message 234 or 246 may include sensing capability information of the second base station 102-2 and may be transmitted to the first base station 102-1 or the sensing function entity 130. In some implementations, the second base station 102-2 may receive a request for sensing capability information of the second base station 102-2 from the first base station 102-1 or the sensing function entity 130 and may respond by transmitting the sensing capability information of the second base station 102-2. Alternatively or additionally, the message 240 may include sensing capability information of the second base station 102-2.
[0188] In some embodiments, the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 may include at least one of the following: a capability of supporting NTN sensing services; an indication that the at least one sensing node is at least one NTN sensing node or is embarked on at least one NTN payload; a capability of supporting a beam-level sensing configuration; a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region; a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region; a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node; a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node; a capability of indicating a sensing range with another NTN sensing node or another sensing node embarked on an NTN payload; or capability of indicating a change of a sensing link with another NTN sensing node or another sensing node embarked on an NTN payload.
[0189] In some embodiments, the status information of the sensing region may include at least one of the following: a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service within the sensing region; or movement information of at least one sensing node.
[0190] In some embodiments, the status information of the non-sensing region may include at least one of the following: a validity duration of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; a start time of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; an end time of the sensing region being restricted for a sensing service; or movement information of at least one sensing node.
[0191] In some embodiments, the second base station 102-2 may receive the message 234 including a sensing measurement configuration from the first base station 102-1. Alternatively, the first base station 102-1 may receive the message 234 including a sensing measurement configuration from the second base station 102-2. In some embodiments, the sensing function entity 130 may transmit the message 240 including a sensing measurement configuration to the first base station 102-1. The sensing function entity 130 may transmit the message 246 including a sensing measurement configuration to the second base station 102-2. In some embodiments, the sensing measurement configuration may be transmitted in response to receiving a sensing measurement configuration request.
[0192] In some embodiments, the sensing measurement configuration may include at least one of the following: an indication of at least one sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication of at least one non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; movement information of at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; or movement information of at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2.
[0193] In some implementations, the indication of the at least one sensing region may include at least one of the following: at least one minimum elevation angle; information of at least one cone; information of at least one cylinder; or information of at least one height-based plane area. In some implementations, the indication of the at least one non-sensing region may include at least one of the following: at least one minimum elevation angle; information of at least one cone; information of at least one cylinder; or information of at least one height-based plane area.
[0194] In some implementations, one of the at least one sensing region is associated with at least one of the following: a cell of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; a cell of a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; a beam of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; a beam of a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service; a velocity of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; or a velocity of a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2.
[0195] In some implementations, one of the at least one non-sensing region is associated with at least one of the following: a cell of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; a cell of a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; a beam of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; a beam of a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service; a start time of implementing or providing a sensing service; an end time of implementing or providing a sensing service; a velocity of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; or a velocity of a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2.
[0196] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include at least one of the following: at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; variation information of at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2.
[0197] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may include at least one of the following: a plurality of candidate measurement windows for at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 to receive sensing signals from at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; a plurality of candidate measurement windows for at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 to receive sensing signals transmitted from at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; an estimated start time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; an estimated end time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1; an estimated start time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; an estimated end time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; a change of a sensing link between a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report; or at least one content type of a sensing measurement report.
[0198] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may include at least one of the following: a time of changing a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service is approaching; a time of changing a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service is approaching; a time of changing a sensing link for a sensing service is approaching; a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 or a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 is to leave a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; or a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 or a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 is to enter a non-sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service.
[0199] In some embodiments, the at least one content type of the sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; variation information of at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; a confidence degree of sensing results; a correction to sensing results with respect to at least one of movements of at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 or movements of at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2; position information of at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals; velocity information of at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals; position information of at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals; or velocity information of at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals.
[0200] In some embodiments, the message 234 or 240 or 246 may include a sensing termination indication and / or a sensing error indication. The sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication may include at least one of the following: an indication that a sensing capability of a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 changes; an indication that a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication that a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; an indication that a sensing capability of a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 changes; an indication that a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service; an indication that a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service; an indication that a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service expires; an indication that an error in a sensing result is beyond tolerance; or an indication that no sensing window is applicable; or a change of a sensing link between a sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 and a sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2.
[0201] In some embodiments, after receiving the message 204 or 210 carrying the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2, the first base station 102-1 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation with at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 based on the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2. Alternatively or additionally, after receiving the message 210 or 216 carrying the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2, the sensing function entity 130 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation involving at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 at least based on the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2.
[0202] In some embodiments, after receiving the message 234 or 246 carrying the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node of the first base station 102-1, the second base station 102-2 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node of the first base station 102-1 based on the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node of the first base station 102-1. Alternatively or additionally, after receiving the message 240 or 246 carrying the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node of the first base station 102-1, the sensing function entity 130 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation involving the at least one sensing node of the first base station 102-1 at least based on the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node of the first base station 102-1.
[0203] In some embodiments, after receiving or transmitting the message 234 or 246 carrying the sensing measurement configuration, the second base station 102-2 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node of the first base station 102-1 based on the sensing measurement configuration. Alternatively or additionally, after receiving or transmitting the message 234 or 240 carrying the sensing measurement configuration, the first base station 102-1 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node of the second base station 102-2 based on the sensing measurement configuration. Alternatively or additionally, after transmitting the message 240 or 246 carrying the sensing measurement configuration, the sensing function entity 130 may initiate or terminate a sensing operation involving at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 and the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 based on the sensing measurement configuration.
[0204] In some embodiments, after receiving or transmitting the message 234 or 246 carrying the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication, the second base station 102-2 may initiate or re-initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication. In an example, the second base station 102-2 may terminate a sensing measurement or a sensing measurement report. In another example, the second base station 102-2 may discard a sensing measurement configuration. Alternatively or additionally, after receiving or transmitting the message 234 or 240 carrying the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication, the first base station 102-1 may initiate or re-initiate or terminate a sensing operation with at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication. In an example, the first base station 102-1 may terminate a sensing measurement or a sensing measurement report. In another example, the first base station 102-1 may discard a sensing measurement configuration. Alternatively or additionally, after receiving or transmitting the message 240 or 246 carrying the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication, the sensing function entity 130 may initiate or re-initiate or terminate a sensing operation involving at least one sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 and the at least one sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication. In an example, the sensing function entity 130 may terminate a sensing measurement or a sensing measurement report. In another example, the sensing function entity 130 may discard a sensing measurement configuration.
[0205] In some embodiments, the first base station 102-1 may receive sensing signals from a second sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 at a first sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1, in a measurement window. The measurement window is determined by offsetting a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node. Alternatively, the measurement window is determined by extending a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node. measurement window is determined by selecting the measurement window from a plurality of candidate measurement windows based on at least one of the following: position information of the first sensing node, position information of the second sensing node, or a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node.
[0206] In some embodiments, the first base station 102-1 may receive sensing signals, from a second sensing node associated with the second base station 102-2 at a first sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1, and obtain a sensing measurement report based on the received sensing signals. The sensing measurement report may include at least one of the following: a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node; variation information of the propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node; a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node; variation information of a difference between a reference propagation delay and a propagation delay between the first sensing node and the second sensing node; a confidence degree of sensing results based on the received sensing signals; a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of at least one of the first sensing node or the second sensing node; position information of the first sensing node at the time of receiving the sensing signals; velocity information of the first sensing node at the time of receiving the sensing signal; position information of the second sensing node at the time of transmitting the sensing signals; or velocity information of the second sensing node at the time of transmitting the sensing signal.
[0207] In some embodiment, the sensing measurement configuration may include the at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report. The first base station 102-1 may transmit, to the second base station 102-2 or the sensing function entity 130, a sensing measurement report in the case that one or more of the at least one condition are met.
[0208] Similarly, the second base station 102-2 may receive sensing signals from a first sensing node associated with the first base station 102-1 at a second sensing node associated with the second base station 102-1, in a measurement window. The second base station 102-2 may determine the measurement window and obtain and transmit the measurement report in a similar manner.
[0209] With the procedure 200A in FIG. 2A, the interface procedures in TRP-UE bistatic, UE-TRP bistatic and TRP monostatic modes may be designed. With the procedure 200B in FIG. 2B, the interface procedures in TRP-TRP bistatic and TRP monostatic modes may be designed. The procedure 200A and the procedure 200B be implemented in combination or independently.
[0210] FIG. 3 illustrates another example signaling procedure 300 for a sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the procedure 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A, and the procedure 300 may involve a UE 104 as shown in FIG. 1A, a first gNB 102-1, a second gNB 102-2 and a sensing function entity 130. The first gNB 102-1 may be a serving gNB of the UE 104. The second gNB 102-2 may be a neighour gNB of the gNB 102-1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that procedure 300 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The same reference numerals are used to denote the elements or components described in FIG. 3 having the same operations as the elements or components described in FIGS. 2A and 2B, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The procedure 300 may be regarded as a specific example of the procedures 200A and 200B in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
[0211] In some embodiments, at the sensing capability exchange, the first gNB 102-1 may indicate or update its sensing capabilities associated with at least one satellite / HAPS TRP to the UE 104 via air interface or to the sensing function entity 130 via gNB-SF interface or to the second gNB 102-2 via gNB-gNB interface. For example, the sensing capabilities of the first gNB 102-1 may include at least one of the following: a capability of supporting sensing services with satellite / HAPS TRP involved; a capability of beam-level sensing configuration e.g., adjusting beam transmission power or sensing range of a TRP, at least for TRP-UE bistatic, TRP-TRP bistatic and TRP monostatic modes; a capability of implementing or restricting and indicating sensing service area / space (e.g., cone representation) or non-sensing-area / space (e.g. cylinder representation) , at least for TRP-UE bistatic, TRP-TRP bistatic and TRP monostatic modes; a capability of indicating sensing service area / space or non-sensing-area / space status, including validity duration, start and end time or movement, at least for TRP-UE bistatic, TRP-TRP bistatic and TRP monostatic modes; a capability to mitigate or correct the sensing result error resulted from TRP movement, or to provide assistance information for mitigating or correcting the sensing result error, at least for TRP-UE bistatic, TRP-TRP bistatic and TRP monostatic modes; or a capability of indicating ISL sensing range of a TRP and ISL change between TRPs, at least for TRP-TRP bistatic mode. Optionally, the UE 104 or the sensing function entity 130 may send a request to the first gNB 102-1 for at least one of the indicated capabilities.
[0212] In some embodiments, at the sensing capability exchange, the UE 104 may indicate or update its sensing capabilities associated with at least one satellite / HAPS TRP to the serving gNB 102-1 via air interface or to a sensing function entity 130 via UE-SF interface. For example, the sensing capabilities of the UE may include at least one of the following: a capability of supporting sensing services with satellite / HAPS TRP involved; a capability of indicating sensing service area / space (e.g., cone representation) or non-sensing-area / space (e.g. cylinder representation) , or area-based sensing service initiation, at least for TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes; a capability of indicating sensing service area / space or non-sensing-area / space status, including validity duration, start and end time or movement, at least for TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes; a capability to mitigate or correct the sensing result error resulted from TRP movement, or to provide assistance information for mitigating or correcting the sensing result error, at least for TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes; or a capability of the max height or highest orbit, or the RAT type the UE may use for sensing, at least for TRP-UE bistatic and UE-TRP bistatic modes. Optionally, the serving gNB 102-1 or the sensing function entity 130 may send a request to the UE 104 for at least one of the indicated capabilities.
[0213] In some embodiments, a sensing measurement configuration is indicated between the sensing function entity 130 and the first gNB 102-1 or the UE 104 via gNB-Sf or UE-SF interface, or between the first gNB 102-1 and the UE 104 via air interface, or between the first gNB 102-1 and the second gNB 102-2 via gNB-gNB interface. The sensing measurement configuration may include an indication of the sensing service area / space or non-sensing-area / space such as minimum elevation angle or 3D sensing area / space information including representation of cone or cylinder or height-based flat area, for both TRP and UE side. In an example, each area / space may be associated to an NTN cell or a satellite beam. In an example, each area / space may be associated to a validity duration, or a start and an end time. In an example, each area / space may be associated to a velocity.
[0214] Alternatively or additionally, the sensing measurement configuration may further include at least one of the following: an indication of sensing service TRP movement (e.g., ephemeris) ; an indication of UE to TRP or TRP to TRP propagation delay, and optionally its variation; an indication of propagation delay difference from UE or TRP to different TRPs, and optionally its variation; an indication of multiple sensing measurement window for receiving UE or TRP to select based on its propagation delay and / or propagation delay difference; an indication of the estimated / expected position of the TRP or UE at the beginning and / or end of a sensing measurement window; an indication of ISL change between TRPs; an indication of sensing measurement report condition, including time condition (cell change time, sensing service area / space or non-sensing-area / space change time or sensing TRP ISL change time is approaching) or location / distance condition (UE or TRP is entering or leaving a sensing service area / space or non-sensing-area / space e.g., determined by its distance to a given position) ; an indication of needed sensing measurement report content. For example, the may include at least one of the following: UE to TRP or TRP to TRP propagation delay at the sensing transmission and / or reception time; propagation delay difference from UE or TRP to different TRPs at the sensing transmission and / or reception time; a degree of confidence for the sensing results; correction to the sensing results due to TRP movement; or TRP position and velocity information at the time of sensing transmission or reception.
[0215] In some embodiments, the gNB 102-1 or 102-2 or the UE 104 records and reports at least one of the following for sensing measurement: UE to TRP or TRP to TRP propagation delay at the sensing transmission and / or reception time; a propagation delay difference from UE or TRP to different TRPs at the sensing transmission and / or reception time; a degree of confidence for the sensing results; correction to the sensing results due to TRP movement; or TRP position and velocity information at the time of sensing transmission or reception.
[0216] In some embodiments, the gNB 102-1 or 102-2 or the UE 104 performing sensing measurement determines the timing of sensing window by at least one of the following: offsetting or extending a configured sensing window with UE / TRP-TRP propagation delay; or selecting a sensing window from multiple configurations based on location and / or propagation delay and delay difference.
[0217] In some embodiments, a sensing measurement report is initiated or terminated at the gNB 102-1 or 102-2 or the UE 104 when at least one of the following conditions is met: the cell change time (e.g., t-Service) , the sensing service area / space or non-sensing-area / space change time or sensing TRP ISL change tie is approaching; or the UE or TRP is entering or leaving the sensing service area / space or non-sensing-area / space, determined by its distance to a given position.
[0218] In some embodiments, an error or termination indication for a sensing service may be triggered by the change of sensing capability, sensing measurement configuration or sensing measurement operation. The corresponding causes may be included in error or termination indication, including at least one of the following: sensing capability change; out of sensing area / space; in non-sensing-area / space; validity expiring; error beyond tolerance; no window applicable; or ISL change.
[0219] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 400 that supports a sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 400 may be an example of a UE 104, a first base station 102, or a sensing function entity 130 as described herein. The device 400 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0220] The processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0221] In some implementations, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) .
[0222] For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting to or receiving from, a first network entity or a sensing function entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario; and a means for performing an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.
[0223] In another example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting to or receiving from, a user equipment (UE) or a second network entity or a sensing function entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario; and a means for performing an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.
[0224] In a further example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting to or receiving from, a user equipment (UE) or a first network entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario; and a means for performing an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.
[0225] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 404) to cause the device 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0226] The memory 404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 402 cause the device 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0227] The I / O controller 408 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I / O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 406. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 400 via the I / O controller 408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 408.
[0228] In some implementations, the device 400 may include a single antenna 410. However, in some other implementations, the device 400 may have more than one antenna 410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 410. The transceiver 406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0229] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0230] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0231] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 that supports a sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 500. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0232] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0233] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations of a base station in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0234] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0235] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0236] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, and the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0237] The one or more ALUs 500 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 500 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 500 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 500 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 500 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 500 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 500 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 500 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0238] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting to or receiving from, a first network entity or a sensing function entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario; and a means for performing an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.
[0239] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting to or receiving from, a user equipment (UE) or a second network entity or a sensing function entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario; and a means for performing an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.
[0240] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting to or receiving from, a user equipment (UE) or a first network entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario; and a means for performing an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.
[0241] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 that supports a sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by a UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0242] At 610, the method may include transmitting to or receiving from, a first network entity or a sensing function entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario. The operations of 610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 610 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0243] At 620, the method may include performing an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message. The operations of 620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 620 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0244] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports a sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a base station 102 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0245] At 710, the method may include transmitting to or receiving from, a user equipment (UE) or a second network entity or a sensing function entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0246] At 720, the method may include performing an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message. The operations of 720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 720 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0247] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports a sensing service in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a sensing function entity 130 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0248] At 810, the method may include transmitting to or receiving from, a user equipment (UE) or a first network entity, a message associated with sensing in a non- terrestrial network (NTN) scenario. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0249] At 820, the method may include performing an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message. The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0250] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0251] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0252] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0253] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0254] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0255] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit to or receive from, a first network entity or a sensing function entity via the transceiver, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario; andperform an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the message is transmitted to the first network entity or the sensing function entity and comprises at least one of the following:sensing capability information of the UE;a request for sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;a sensing measurement configuration;a request for a sensing measurement configuration;a sensing termination indication; ora sensing error indication; orwherein the message is received from the first network entity or the sensing function entity and comprises at least one of the following:sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;a request for sensing capability information of the UE;a sensing measurement configuration;a request for a sensing measurement configuration;a sensing termination indication; ora sensing error indication.3.The UE of claim 2, wherein the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node comprises at least one of the following:a capability of supporting NTN sensing services;an indication that the at least one sensing node is at least one NTN sensing node or is embarked on at least one NTN payload;a capability of supporting a beam-level sensing configuration;a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region;a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region;a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node; ora capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node.4.The UE of claim 2, wherein the sensing capability information of the UE comprises at least one of the following:a capability of supporting NTN sensing services with an NTN sensing node or with a sensing node embarked on an NTN payload;a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region;a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region;a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node;a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node;a maximum height of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with;a highest orbit of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with; orat least one type of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with.5.The UE of claim 2, wherein the sensing measurement configuration comprises at least one of the following:an indication of at least one sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;an indication of at least one non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;movement information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;a plurality of candidate measurement windows for the UE to receive sensing signals from at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;a plurality of candidate measurement windows for at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE;an estimated start time of a measurement window for the UE to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first network entity;an estimated end time of a measurement window for the UE to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first network entity;an estimated start time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE;an estimated end time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE;at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report; orat least one content type of a sensing measurement report.6.The UE of claim 5, wherein the at least one content type of the sensing measurement report comprises at least one of the following:at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;a confidence degree of sensing results;a correction to sensing results with respect to movements of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;position information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals; orvelocity information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals.7.The UE of claim 2, wherein the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication comprises at least one of the following:an indication that a sensing capability of the UE changes;an indication that the UE is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;an indication that the UE is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;an indication that a sensing capability of a sensing node associated with the first network entity changes;an indication that a sensing node associated with the first network entity is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;an indication that a sensing node associated with the first network entity is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;an indication that a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service expires;an indication that an error in a sensing result is beyond tolerance; oran indication that no sensing window is applicable.8.The UE of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node based on the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node; orinitiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node based on the sensing measurement configuration; orinitiate or re-initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication.9.The UE of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, from a sensing node associated with the first network entity via the transceiver, sensing signals in a measurement window, wherein the measurement window is determined by one of the following:offsetting a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; orextending a configured measurement window with a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node; orselecting the measurement window from a plurality of candidate measurement windows based on at least one of position information of the sensing node or a propagation delay between the UE and the sensing node.10.A first network entity, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit to or receive from, a user equipment (UE) or a second network entity or a sensing function entity via the transceiver, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario; andperform an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.11.The first network entity of claim 10, wherein the message is received from the UE or the second network entity or the sensing function entity and comprises at least one of the following:sensing capability information of the UE;sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;a request for sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;a sensing measurement configuration;a request for a sensing measurement configuration;a sensing termination indication; ora sensing error indication; orwherein the message is transmitted to the UE or the second network entity or the sensing function entity and comprises at least one of the following:sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;a request for sensing capability information of the UE;a request for sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;a sensing measurement configuration;a request for a sensing measurement configuration;a sensing termination indication; ora sensing error indication.12.The first network entity of claim 11, wherein the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity or associated with the second network entity comprises at least one of the following:a capability of supporting NTN sensing services;an indication that the at least one sensing node is at least one NTN sensing node or is embarked on at least one NTN payload;a capability of supporting a beam-level sensing configuration;a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region;a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region;a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node;a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of the at least one sensing node;a capability of indicating a sensing range with another NTN sensing node or another sensing node embarked on an NTN payload; ora capability of indicating a change of a sensing link with another NTN sensing node or another sensing node embarked on an NTN payload.13.The first network entity of claim 11, wherein the sensing capability information of the UE comprises at least one of the following:a capability of supporting NTN sensing services with an NTN sensing node or with a sensing node embarked on an NTN payload;a capability of implementing or providing a sensing service in a given sensing region;a capability of restricting a sensing service in a given non-sensing region;a capability of indicating a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;a capability of indicating status information of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;a capability of indicating a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;a capability of indicating status information of a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;a capability of correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node;a capability of providing assistance information for correcting errors in sensing results resulted from movements of at least one sensing node;a maximum height of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with;a highest orbit of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with; orat least one type of sensing nodes that the UE is capable of supporting NTN sensing services with.14.The first network entity of claim 11, wherein the sensing measurement configuration comprises at least one of the following:an indication of at least one sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;an indication of at least one non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;movement information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;movement information of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;variation information of at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;a plurality of candidate measurement windows for the UE or at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity to receive sensing signals from at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;a plurality of candidate measurement windows for at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals transmitted from the UE or from at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;an estimated start time of a measurement window for the UE or a sensing node associated with the second network entity to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first network entity;an estimated end time of a measurement window for the UE or a sensing node associated with the second network entity to receive sensing signals from a sensing node associated with the first network entity;an estimated start time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE or from a sensing node associated with the second network entity;an estimated end time of a measurement window for a sensing node associated with the first network entity to receive sensing signals from the UE or from a sensing node associated with the second network entity;a change of a sensing link between a sensing node associated with the first network entity and a sensing node associated with the second network entity;at least one condition for triggering a sensing measurement report; orat least one content type of a sensing measurement report.15.The first network entity of claim 14, wherein the at least one content type of the sensing measurement report comprises at least one of the following:at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;variation information of at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between the UE and at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;variation information of at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;variation information of difference between a reference propagation delay and at least one propagation delay between at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity and at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;a confidence degree of sensing results;a correction to sensing results with respect to at least one of movements of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity or movements of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity;position information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals;velocity information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals;position information of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals; orvelocity information of at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity at the time of receiving or transmitting sensing signals.16.The first network entity of claim 11, wherein the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication comprises at least one of the following:an indication that a sensing capability of the UE changes;an indication that the UE is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;an indication that the UE is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;an indication that a sensing capability of a sensing node associated with the first network entity changes;an indication that a sensing node associated with the first network entity is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;an indication that a sensing node associated with the first network entity is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;an indication that a sensing capability of a sensing node associated with the second network entity changes;an indication that a sensing node associated with the second network entity is out of a sensing region for implementing or providing a sensing service;an indication that a sensing node associated with the second network entity is in a non-sensing region restricted for a sensing service;an indication that a validity duration of implementing or providing a sensing service expires;an indication that an error in a sensing result is beyond tolerance; oran indication that no sensing window is applicable; ora change of a sensing link between a sensing node associated with the first network entity and a sensing node associated with the second network entity.17.The first network entity of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the UE based on the sensing capability information of the UE; orinitiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity based on the sensing capability information of the at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity; orinitiate or terminate a sensing operation with the UE based on the sensing measurement configuration; orinitiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity based on the sensing measurement configuration;initiate or re-initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the UE based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication; orinitiate or re-initiate or terminate a sensing operation with the at least one sensing node associated with the second network entity based on the sensing termination indication or the sensing error indication.18.A sensing function entity, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the sensing function entity to:transmit to or receive from, a user equipment (UE) or a first network entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario; andperform an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.19.The sensing function entity of claim 18, wherein the message is received from the UE or the first network entity and comprises at least one of the following:sensing capability information of the UE;sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;a request for a sensing measurement configuration;a sensing termination indication; ora sensing error indication; orwherein the message is transmitted to the UE or the first network entity and comprises at least one of the following:a request for sensing capability information of the UE;a request for sensing capability information of at least one sensing node associated with the first network entity;a sensing measurement configuration;a sensing termination indication; ora sensing error indication.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:transmit to or receive from, a user equipment (UE) or a second network entity or a sensing function entity, a message associated with sensing in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenario; andperform an operation associated with sensing in the NTN scenario based on the message.
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