Pneumatic wellhead control device

Abstract

A subsurface formation testing system includes a source well assembly, at least one sensor, and a controller. The source well assembly includes a fluid line that extends into a source well, a manifold coupled to the fluid line, and a pump coupled to the manifold. The manifold is configured to direct fluid from the pump through the fluid line to adjust fluid levels in the source well thereby changing pressure within a subsurface formation. The at least one sensor is configured to detect data and is located at the manifold external to the source well. The controller is in communication with the source well assembly and the at least one sensor.

Description

PNEUMATIC WELLHEAD CONTROL DEVICEPRIORITY CLAIM

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 557,237 filed 23 February 2024, which is expressly incorporated by reference herein.BACKGROUND

[0002] The present disclosure relates to a subsurface formation testing system for use in detecting properties of subsurface formations. Subsurface formations are below the Earth’s surface and may include aquifers, reservoirs, aquitards, among others. Understanding subsurface formations allows for geothermal exploration, geothermal reservoir operation, resource extraction, resource management, contaminant remediation, and effective development of land. There is a need for improved systems to assess, detect, and determine properties of subsurface formations.SUMMARY

[0003] According to the present disclosure, a subsurface formation testing system is described. The subsurface formation testing system is configured to be used to determine physical properties of subsurface formations. The subsurface formation testing system includes a source well assembly positioned above a source well, a plurality of sensors, and a controller. The source well assembly includes a pump and / or a vacuum system configured to inject and extract fluid from the source well to induce a liquid level change therein. The liquid level change induces pressures changes in the subsurface formation. The source well assembly further includes a manifold that directs the fluid from the pump and / or the vacuum system into and away from the source well.

[0004] In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors includes at least one external source coupled to the manifold and positioned outside of the source well. The controller receives data from the plurality of sensors and uses the data in combination with mathematical models to determine physical properties of the subsurface formation.

[0005] Additional features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of illustrative embodiments exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the disclosure as presently perceived.BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] The detailed description particularly refers to the accompanying figures in which:

[0007] Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a subsurface formation testing system including a source well assembly positioned above a source well that injects and extracts fluid into and from the source well to adjust fluid levels in the source well thereby changing pressure within a subsurface formation;

[0008] Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the subsurface formation testing system of Fig. 1., the subsurface formation testing system including the source well assembly and a control system in communication with the source well assembly, the control system including a controller that controls operation of the source well assembly and a plurality of sensors that detects data associated with the source well;

[0009] Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the subsurface formation testing system including the source well assembly positioned above a source well having multiple isolated zones, the source well assembly injects and extracts fluid into and from each of the isolated zones of the source well to adjust fluid levels in each of the isolated zones of the source well;

[0010] Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the subsurface formation testing system including the source well assembly positioned above the source well that injects and extracts fluid into and from the source well to adjust fluid levels in the source well thereby changing pressure within a receiver well spaced apart from the source well;

[0011] Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the subsurface formation testing system including the source well assembly positioned above the source well having multiple isolated zones that injects and extracts fluid into and from each of the isolated zones of the source well to adjust fluid levels in each of the isolated zones of the source well thereby changing pressure within the receiver well spaced apart from the source well;

[0012] Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the subsurface formation testing system including the source well assembly positioned above a first source well, the source well assembly configured to inject and extract fluid into and from the first source well and a second source well spaced apart from the first source well to adjust fluid levels in the first source well and / or second source well thereby changing pressure within multiple receiver wells spaced apart from the source wells;

[0013] Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view of the subsurface formation testing system including the source well assembly positioned above the source well that injects and extracts fluid into and from the source well to adjust fluid levels in the source well thereby changing pressure within multiple receiver wells spaced apart from the source well; and

[0014] Fig. 8 is a front view of a portion of the source well assembly of Fig. 1, the source well assembly including a manifold that extends downwardly toward the source well to direct the fluid toward and away from the source well and a tripod manifold support that positions the manifold relative to the source well.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present disclosure relates to a subsurface formation testing system 10 configured to determine physical properties of a subsurface formation 12 at a testing site 14, as shown in Fig. 1. The subsurface formation testing system 10 allows for a determination of subsurface formation 12 storage (e.g., storativity), hydraulic conductivity between wells of the subsurface formation 12, subsurface formation 12 transmissivity, among other properties. The subsurface formation 12 may include aquifers, reservoirs, and / or aquitards. The subsurface formation testing system 10 may be used in shallow wells, well fields, contaminated sites, geohazardous sites, oil wells, gas wells, and / or geothermal wells for reservoir characterization.

[0016] The subsurface formation testing system 10 causes the liquid level in a source well 16 to change suddenly (rise or fall), and the subsequent liquid-level response (displacement or change from static) is measured through time in the source well 16 and / or one or more surrounding receiver wells 18. Changes in the source well 16 aremeasured in adjacent wells 18 to estimate physical properties of the subsurface formation 12. The subsurface formation testing system 10 allows for controlled pulse, static, and variable rate stimulation pressures above and below atmospheric pressures within the source well 16.

[0017] During operation, the subsurface formation testing system 10 may inject, maintain, or extract fluid pressure from the source well 16 to induce liquid level changes in the source well 16 based on a desired test type (i.e., slug, shut-in, pulse, oscillatory, etc.). Fluid flow rates into and from the source well 16 may be constant or variable depending on the desired test type.

[0018] Slug testing is generally a single well or single zone test that raises or lowers the liquid level in a source well or isolated zone from its normal static liquid level by using a slug agent. The slug agent may be a physical component, liquid, or gas. Releasing the slug agent that raises or lowers the liquid level causes the liquid level to equilibrate and return to its normal static state. The rate of return can be measured and analyzed for transmissivity by a sensor in the source well or isolated zone.

[0019] Slug tests are often classified as either rising-head or falling-head tests depending on the direction of liquid-level recovery in the source well. A rising-head test is initiated by lowering the liquid level in the source well and then taking measurements of the rising liquid level in the source well. Rising-head tests may also be referred to as baildown tests and slug-out tests. The liquid level lowers due to a pressure increase in the source well. The increased pressure in the source well causes liquid in the source well to be forced out of the source well. Once equilibrium is attained in the source well, the pressure is released and the fluid level returns to the normal static state.

[0020] A falling-head test is conducted by raising the liquid level in the source well and subsequently measuring the falling liquid level. Falling-head tests may also be referred to as slug-in tests.

[0021] Shut-in testing is generally a multi-well or multi-zone pressurization test conducted by having the source well or isolated zone pressurized or depressurized. Following the pressure change, the source well or isolated zone is shut-in and the createdpressure difference is allowed to dissipate naturally in the subsurface formation. The pressure diffusion response (liquid level change) is measured in other receiver wells or isolated zones and can be analyzed for aquifer / reservoir parameters and gradients.

[0022] Oscillatory hydraulic testing (OHT) represents an alternative hydraulic characterization approach. In oscillatory hydraulic testing, fluid is alternatively injected into and pumped from the source well in a periodic manner. Oscillatory hydraulic tests are capable of testing non-consolidated and consolidated fractures or formations across multiple scales by changing the frequency at which pumping and injection are alternated. In contrast to constant-rate pumping tests, oscillatory hydraulic tests can be designed such that there is no net fluid extraction or injection into tested fractures, thereby minimizing alterations to the ambient stress and flow fields along the fracture.

[0023] The subsurface formation testing system 10 solves several issues regarding slug testing, shut-in testing, and oscillatory hydraulic testing of wells and / or boreholes. First, the subsurface formation testing system 10 enables both rising-head and falling-head slug, shut-in, and oscillatory type tests to be conducted rather than only rising-head type tests. The subsurface formation testing system 10 also solves issues related to cascading water conditions during slug, shut-in, and oscillatory hydraulic testing. Controlled vacuum pressures applied by the subsurface formation testing system 10 allow for the liquid levels in the source well 16 to be elevated above zones of contribution (i.e., casing perforations and permeable earth materials) negating the effect of cascading water causing displacement interference issues and aeration. In other words, the subsurface formation testing system 10 allows the liquid levels in the source well 16 to be elevated substantially more than in traditional testing systems. For example, traditional testing systems may be capable of elevating liquid levels in a source well about 10 feet or less above the resting liquid level. In contrast, the subsurface formation testing system 10 allows the liquid levels in the source well 16 to be elevated about up to 27 feet above the resting liquid level.

[0024] Further, the subsurface formation testing system 10 allows for single well tests, multi-well tests, and multi-zone tests to be completed separately or simultaneously.Conducting tests in multiple wells or isolated zones simultaneously allows for more rapid aquifer / reservoir parameter estimation.

[0025] Additionally, the subsurface formation testing system 10 is modular thereby allowing for rapid modification of the subsurface formation testing system 10 to the testing site 14 construction, test type, and / or testing parameters. The subsurface formation testing system 10 is also hand portable allowing for telemetry and remote deployments.

[0026] The subsurface formation testing system 10 is usable with different testing site 14 configurations to perform different tests, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2-7. For example, the subsurface formation testing system 10 may be used with a single source well 16, as shown in Fig. 1. The subsurface formation testing system 10 may be used with a single source well 16 having multiple zones 16A, 16B, as shown in Fig. 3. The subsurface formation testing system 10 may be used with a single source well 16 and a single receiver well 18, as shown in Fig. 4. The subsurface formation testing system 10 may be used with a single source well 16 having multiple zones 16A, 16B and a single receiver well 18, as shown in Fig. 5. The subsurface formation testing system 10 may be used with two source wells 16, 16' and two receiver wells 18, 18', as shown in Fig. 6. The subsurface formation testing system 10 may be used with one source well 16 and three receiver wells 18, 18', 18", as shown in Fig. 7. Thus, the subsurface formation testing system 10 allows for single well tests (Figs. 1 and 3), multi -well tests (Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7), and multi-zone tests (Figs. 3 and 5) to be completed separately or simultaneously. Further, the subsurface formation testing system 10 may be in communication with another subsurface formation testing system 10' (Fig. 2), thereby allowing the two testing systems 10, 10' (or any number thereof) to conduct separate tests simultaneously while communicating with one another about the data. Conducting tests in multiple wells or isolated zones simultaneously allows for more rapid characterization of the subsurface formation 12. Single well, multi -well, and multi -zone extraction and injection of fluids may occur simultaneously with respect to each other at different constant and / or variable flow rates. It will be understood that these configurations are merely exemplary andadditional configurations with any number of source wells 16, any number of zones 16A, 16B within the source well(s) 16, and any number of receiver wells 18 are contemplated.

[0027] The subsurface formation testing system 10 includes a source well assembly 20, a plurality of sensors 22, and a controller 24, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The source well assembly 20 is positioned above the source well 16. The plurality of sensors 22 detects data used in determining the physical properties of the subsurface formation 12. The controller 24 is in communication with the source well assembly 20 and the plurality of sensors 22.

[0028] The source well assembly 20 includes a manifold system 26, a pump 28, and a fluid line 30, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The manifold system 26 is coupled to both of the pump 28 and the fluid line 30. The pump 28 is configured to inject fluid through the manifold system 26 and the fluid line 30. The fluid line 30 receives the fluid from the manifold system 26 for injection into the source well 16.

[0029] The manifold system 26 includes a manifold 32 and a pressure regulator 34, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The manifold 32 interconnects the pump 28 and the fluid line 30 to allow the fluid to pass therebetween and into the source well 16. In some embodiments, the manifold 32 is illustratively a steel tube. The manifold 32 includes a plurality of ports 36, as shown in Figs. 1 and 8. In some embodiments, the plurality of ports 36 comprises threaded pneumatic quick disconnect ports. The plurality of ports 36 allows for at least one external sensor 38 of the plurality of sensors 22 and / or a plurality of valves 39 to be coupled to the manifold 32. In some embodiments, one of the plurality of valves 39 is coupled to one of the plurality of ports 36 to allow and block fluid flow from the pump 28 to the fluid line 30. In some embodiments, the pump 28 may use a mechanical ball valve. The plurality of valves 39 may comprise electronically controlled valves. In some embodiments, the plurality of valves 39 may comprise a butterfly valve, a solenoid valve, a needle valve, a pneumatic valve, a safety valve, a ball valve, any other suitable valve, or any combination of the same. In some embodiments, a barometric sensor (not shown) is coupled to the manifold 32 at one of the plurality of ports 36 to detect atmospheric pressure.

[0030] The plurality of ports 36 allows for modular operation of the subsurface formation testing system 10 as different sensors 22 and valves 39 may be coupled to the manifold 32 based on the testing site 14 configuration, test type, and / or testing parameters. Illustratively, the plurality of ports 36 includes ports allowing for additional downwell instrumentation. The manifold 32, thus, can be easily modified to exchange sensors 38, valves 39, and other downwell instruments.

[0031] The pressure regulator 34, as shown in Fig. 1, is configured to control a pressure of the fluid being injected into the source well 16 to a desired value.Illustratively, the pressure regulator 34 is a valve configured to increase or reduce the pressure of the fluid.

[0032] The pump 28 is coupled to the manifold 32, as shown in Fig. 1. The pump 28 is configured to selectively inject fluid into the source well 16 to cause an increase in pressure in the source well 16, which results in an adjustment of liquid levels in the source well 16. Fluid flow from the pump 28 may be allowed, blocked, and adjusted by one of the plurality of valves 39 coupled to the manifold 32. The pump 28 may inject fluid at a constant rate or a variable rate. Due to the increase in pressure in the source well 16, the liquid level in the source well 16 lowers. The increased pressure in the source well 16 causes the liquid in the source well 16 to be forced out of the source well 16 thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation 12. In illustrative embodiments, the pump 28 directs compressed gas into the manifold 32. The compressed gas may comprise air, nitrogen, or any other suitable gases. For example, nitrogen may be used when dealing with contaminated testing sites 14. In other embodiments, the pump 28 directs liquid into the manifold 32.

[0033] The fluid line 30 is coupled to the manifold 32, as shown in Fig. 1. The fluid line 30 receives the fluid from the manifold 32 and injects the fluid into the source well 16. The fluid line 30 extends into the source well 16.

[0034] The source well assembly 20 further includes an isolation device 40, as shown in Fig. 1. The isolation device 40 is positioned in the source well 16 to separate the source well 16 from direct fluid communication with an area above the isolationdevice 40. In other words, the isolation device 40 seals the source well 16. The fluid line 30 extends through the isolation device 40, as shown in Fig. 1. A terminal end of the fluid line 30 is coupled with the isolation device 40 so that the fluid is injected into the source well 16 below the isolation device 40.

[0035] In some embodiments, the source well assembly 20 further includes a vacuum system 42, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The vacuum system 42 is coupled to the manifold 32. The vacuum system 42 is configured to selectively extract fluid from the source well 16 to adjust liquid levels in the source well 16. In some embodiments, one of the plurality of valves 39 is coupled to one of the plurality of ports 36 to allow and block fluid flow from the fluid line 30 to the vacuum system 42.

[0036] As previously described, the vacuum system 42 of the subsurface formation testing system 10 allows the liquid levels in the source well 16 to be elevated about up to 27 feet above the resting liquid level. Using both the pump 28 and the vacuum system 42 allows for maximum liquid level change and control for oscillatory testing. Further, injecting and extracting may occur simultaneously with a multi -zone source well 16 or with multiple source wells 16 due to the pump 28 and the vacuum system 42.

[0037] The vacuum system 42, as shown in Fig. 1, may extract fluid at a constant rate or a variable rate from the source well 16. The vacuum system 42 withdraws fluid from the source well 16 through the fluid line 30 and the manifold 32. In some embodiments, the fluid line 30 is separated into two fluid lines (one for connection to the pump 28 and another for connection to the vacuum system 42). By extracting fluid, the vacuum system 42 causes a decrease in pressure in the source well 16, which results in an adjustment of liquid levels in the source well 16. Due to the decrease in pressure in the source well 16, the liquid level raises (i.e., a falling-head test). The decreased pressure in the source well 16 causes liquid to move into the source well 16 thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation 12.

[0038] In illustrative embodiments, the vacuum system 42 directs gas out of the source well 16. In other embodiments, the vacuum system 42 directs liquid out of thesource well 16. The vacuum system 42 may comprise a vacuum generator, a vacuum pump, a venturi tube, or any other suitable component. In some embodiments, the pump 28 provides the vacuum system 42. Controlled vacuum pressures applied by the vacuum system 42 allow for the source well 16 liquid level to be elevated above zones of contribution negating the effect of cascading water. The pressure that may be applied to the source well 16 by the pump 28 and / or the vacuum system 42 ranges from about -15 psi to about 150 psi with 0 psi being atmospheric pressure.

[0039] The plurality of sensors 22 includes the at least one external sensor 38, as shown in Fig. 1. The at least one external sensor 38 is located at the manifold 32 and positioned external to the source well 16. The at least one external sensor 38 is located above the isolation device 40, the source well 16, and the ground of the testing site 14. Thus, the at least one external sensor 38 is not arranged within the source well 16.

[0040] The at least one external sensor 38 is configured to measure data related to the source well 16. The at least one external sensor 38 illustratively comprises a pressure sensor that allows for pressure measurements (i.e., gas pressure) of the source well 16 so the injection and extraction rates can be adjusted by the controller 24. In some embodiments, the at least one external sensor 38 comprises a flow meter sensor that allows for flow rate measurements. In some embodiments, the at least one external sensor 38 comprises a temperature sensor that allows for temperature measurements. In some embodiments, the at least one external sensor 38 comprises any one of or any combination of a pressure sensor, a flow meter sensor, and / or a temperature sensor. Because the at least one external sensor 38 is above ground at the testing site 14, the number of wetted parts of the subsurface formation testing system 10 is reduced, thereby reducing contamination and potential loss down well.

[0041] In some embodiments, the at least one external sensor 38 is configured to measure data regarding an amount of fluid injected into the source well 16. In some embodiments, the at least one external sensor 38 is configured to measure data regarding an amount of fluid extracted from the source well 16. In some embodiments, the at least one external sensor 38 is configured to measure data regarding a rate of fluid injectioninto the source well 16. In some embodiments, the at least one external sensor 38 is configured to measure data regarding a rate of fluid extraction from the source well 16. In some embodiments, the at least one external sensor 38 includes a single external sensor 38. In some embodiments, the at least one external sensor 38 includes two or more external sensors 38.

[0042] In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors 22 further includes at least one source sensor 44, as shown in Fig. 1. The at least one source sensor 44 is located within the source well 16, as shown in Fig. 1. The at least one source sensor 44 is located below the isolation device 40. The at least one source sensor 44 is configured to measure data related to the source well 16. In some embodiments, the at least one source sensor 44 is configured to measure data regarding liquid pressure in the source well 16.Illustratively, the at least one source sensor 44 remains in the liquid of the source well 16 during pressure changes in the source well 16.

[0043] In some embodiments, the at least one source sensor 44 includes a single source sensor 44. In some embodiments, the at least one source sensor 44 includes two or more source sensors 44 located in the source well 16. In some embodiments, the at least one source sensor 44 is omitted. In some embodiments, the at least one source sensor 44 includes a pressure transducer, a force sensor, a gauge pressure sensor, an absolute pressure sensor, a differential pressure sensor, a fiber optic pressure sensor, and / or any other suitable sensor.

[0044] The subsurface formation testing system 10 further includes a control system 25, as shown in Fig. 2. The control system 25 illustratively includes the controller 24 and the plurality of sensors 22.

[0045] The controller 24 is in communication with the source well assembly 20 and the plurality of sensors 22, as shown in Fig. 2. The controller 24 includes a memory 46, a processor 48, and / or a user interface 50. The controller 24 stores data collected from the plurality of sensors 22 in the memory 46. The controller 24 outputs instructions to the source well assembly 20 based, at least in part, on the data from the plurality of sensors 22. The processor 48 determines operating instructions for the source well assembly 20.In some embodiments, the subsurface formation testing system 10 is a closed loop system wherein the source well assembly 20 is operated by the controller 24 based on the collected data from the plurality of sensors 22.

[0046] In some embodiments, the user may use the user interface 50 to input testing data prior to starting a test. For example, the user may create a test profde by inputting testing parameters, such as the amplitude of the pressure signal, the test duration, and / or the data sampling rate. The user may also input well setup information, such as a depth of the well(s), a depth of isolated zones, and / or a distance between wells. The user may initiate the test via a button on the user interface 50.

[0047] In some embodiments, the user interface 50 allows for a real-time display of the test data during the test. In some embodiments, the processor 48 processes the data stored in the memory 46 and uses mathematical models stored in the memory 46 to determine physical properties of the subsurface formation 12. Following the test, the subsurface formation testing system 10 may be depressurized by the user via the user interface 50 or mechanically by the safety valve(s) on the manifold 32.

[0048] The controller 24 is configured to selectively control the plurality of valves 39 coupled to the manifold 32 based on the desired testing parameters. For example, the plurality of valves 39 may be configured to open, close, or adjust in response to signals from the controller 24 to oscillate the fluid at a predetermined rate. The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16. The controller 24 receives data from the at least one external sensor 38 related to the amount of fluid injected into the source well 16. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the at least one source sensor 44 related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the source well 16. The controller 24 is configured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0049] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16 based, at least inpart, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the at least one external sensor 38 associated with the source well 16 and data from the at least one source sensor 44 associated with the source well 16. In this way, the controller 24 operates as a closed loop system.

[0050] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16. The controller 24 receives data from the at least one external sensor 38 related to the amount of fluid extracted from the source well 16. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the at least one source sensor 44 related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the source well 16. The controller 24 is configured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0051] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16 based, at least in part, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the at least one external sensor 38 associated with the source well 16 and data from the at least one source sensor 44 associated with the source well 16.

[0052] In some embodiments, the controller 24 is in communication with a second subsurface formation testing system 10', as shown in Fig. 2. In this way, the controllers 24 of both subsurface formation testing systems 10, 10' may communicate with one another and provide a broadened understanding of the physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0053] In some embodiments, the controller 24 is in communication with a remote storage network 15, as shown in Fig. 2. The data stored in the memory 46 of the controller 24 may be transferred to and stored in the remote storage network 15 for access off site.

[0054] In some embodiments, the subsurface formation testing system 10 is supplied with electrical power via a DC power source. The DC power source may comprise a 12V battery.

[0055] The source well assembly 20 further includes a manifold support 52, as shown in Figs. 1 and 8. The manifold support 52 is configured to position and / or hold the manifold 32 relative to the source well 16. The manifold support 52 includes a base 54, a first leg 56, a second leg 58, and a third leg 60, as shown in Figs. 1 and 8. The legs 56, 58, 60 are each coupled to the base 54 to extend downwardly therefrom toward the ground of the testing site 14. The legs 56, 58, 60 are circumferentially spaced apart from one another around the base 54. While in use above the source well 16, the legs 56, 58, 60 are spaced apart from one another around a circumference of the source well 16. In some embodiments, the legs 56, 58, 60 form a tripod shape.

[0056] The base 54 is formed to include a through hole 62, as suggested in Fig. 8. The manifold 32 extends through the through hole 62 such that a portion of the manifold 32 is located above the base 54, and another portion of the manifold 32 is located below the base 54. For example, the at least one external sensor 38 and the plurality of ports 36 are located above the base 54.

[0057] In some embodiments, each of the legs 56, 58, 60 is pivotably coupled to the base 54 via a respective hinge 64, as shown in Fig. 8, thereby allowing the legs 56, 58, 60 to pivot toward and away from one another. The manifold support 52 changes between an in-use mode, as shown in Fig. 8, and a collapsed-storage mode. While in the in-use mode, the legs 56, 58, 60 pivot outwardly away from one another such that each leg 56, 58, 60 forms an acute angle with the manifold 32. In this way, the legs 56, 58, 60 form a tripod shape allowing the manifold support 52 to be positioned above the source well 16. While in the collapsed-storage mode, the legs 56, 58, 60 pivot inwardly toward one another such that each of the legs 56, 58, 60 is substantially parallel to the manifold 32 and the other legs 56, 58, 60. In this way, the manifold support 52 is collapsible and moveable between testing sites 14 and / or between source wells 16.

[0058] The subsurface formation testing system 10 is hand portable. For example, while the manifold support 52 is in the collapsed-storage mode, the subsurface formation testing system 10 may be easily moved, thereby allowing the subsurface formation testing system 10 to be moved to a different source well 16, a different testing site 14, etc.

[0059] As shown in Fig. 3, the source well 16 may be configured to have multiple zones 16A, 16B. Conducting tests in multiple isolated zones 16A, 16B simultaneously allows for more rapid parameter estimation of the subsurface formation 12. The source well 16 illustratively includes a first zone 16A and a second zone 16B below the first zone 16 A. Though shown with two zones 16 A, 16B, the source well 16 may include any number of zones.

[0060] The source well assembly 20 is positioned above the source well 16, as shown in Fig. 3. While the subsurface formation testing system 10 is used with the source well 16 having multiple isolated zones 16A, 16B, the source well assembly 20 includes a first fluid line 30A and a second fluid line 30B. The fluid lines 30A, 30B are both coupled to the manifold 32 to receive the fluid from the manifold 32 and the pump 28 for injection into the source well 16. The first fluid line 30A is configured to inject fluid into the first zone 16A, and the second fluid line 30B is configured to inject fluid into the second zone 16B. In some embodiments, one of the plurality of valves 39 may be used to direct the fluid to the first fluid line 30A, the second fluid line 30B, or both fluid lines 30 A, 30B.

[0061] The pressure regulator 34, as shown in Fig. 3, is configured to control a pressure of the fluid being injected into the first zone 16A and the second zone 16B. The pump 28 is configured to selectively inject fluid into the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to cause an increase in pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, which results in an adjustment of liquid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. Due to the increase in pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, the liquid level lowers in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. The increased pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B causes the liquid in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to be forced out of the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation 12. The pump 28 may inject fluid into the first zone 16A and the second zone 16B simultaneously at the same or different rates. The pump 28 may inject fluid into the first zone 16A and the second zone 16B sequentially.

[0062] While the subsurface formation testing system 10 is used with the source well 16 having multiple isolated zones 16A, 16B, the source well assembly 20 includes a first isolation device 40A and a second isolation device 40B, as shown in Fig. 3. The first isolation device 40A is positioned in the source well 16 to define the first zone 16A of the source well 16 below the first isolation device 40A. The first isolation device 40A separates the first zone 16A from direct fluid communication with an area above the first isolation device 40A. The first isolation device 40A seals the first zone 16A of the source well 16. The first fluid line 30A extends through the first isolation device 40A. In other words, a terminal end of the first fluid line 30A is coupled with the first isolation device 40A so that the fluid is injected into the first zone 16A of the source well 16 below the first isolation device 40A.

[0063] The second isolation device 40B is positioned in the source well 16 to define the second zone 16B of the source well 16 below the second isolation device 40B, as shown in Fig. 3. The second isolation device 40B is located below the first isolation device 40A. The second isolation device 40B separates the second zone 16B from direct fluid communication with the first zone 16A. The second isolation device 40B seals the second zone 16B of the source well 16. The second fluid line 30B extends through the second isolation device 40B. In other words, a terminal end of the second fluid line 30B is coupled with the second isolation device 40B so that the fluid is injected into the second zone 16B of the source well 16 below the second isolation device 40B.

[0064] The vacuum system 42, as shown in Fig. 3, is configured to selectively extract fluid from the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to adjust liquid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. The vacuum system 42 withdraws fluid from the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B through the fluid lines 30A, 30B and the manifold 32. By extracting fluid, the vacuum system 42 causes a decrease in pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, which results in an adjustment of liquid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. Due to the decrease in pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, the liquid level raises. The decreased pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B causes liquid to move into thefirst zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation 12.

[0065] The vacuum system 42 may extract fluid from the first zone 16A and the second zone 16B simultaneously at the same or different rates. The vacuum system 42 may extract fluid from the first zone 16A and the second zone 16B sequentially. The pump 28 may inject fluid into one of the zones 16 A, 16B while the vacuum system 42 extracts fluid from the other of the zones 16A, 16B. In some embodiments, one of the plurality of valves 39 may be used to direct the fluid from the first fluid line 30A, the second fluid line 30B, or both fluid lines 30A, 30B toward the vacuum system 42.

[0066] While the subsurface formation testing system 10 is used with the source well 16 having multiple isolated zones 16A, 16B, the plurality of sensors 22 includes at least two source sensors 44A, 44B, as shown in Fig. 3. The first source sensor 44A is located within the source well 16 below the first isolation device 40A in the first zone 16A. The second source sensor 44B is located within the source well 16 below the second isolation device 40B in the second zone 16B. The first source sensor 44A is configured to measure data related to the first zone 16A of the source well 16. In some embodiments, the first source sensor 44A is configured to measure data regarding pressure in the first zone 16A of the source well 16. Illustratively, the first source sensor 44A remains in the liquid of the first zone 16A of the source well 16 during pressure changes in the first zone 16A of the source well 16. The second source sensor 44B is configured to measure data related to the second zone 16B of the source well 16. In some embodiments, the second source sensor 44B is configured to measure data regarding pressure in the second zone 16B of the source well 16. Illustratively, the second source sensor 44B remains in the liquid of the second zone 16B of the source well 16 during pressure changes in the second zone 16B of the source well 16.

[0067] While the subsurface formation testing system 10 is used with the source well 16 having multiple isolated zones 16A, 16B, the at least one external sensor 38 includes at least two external sensors 38 A, 38B. One external sensor 38A is used for pressure measurements related to the first zone 16A, and another external sensor 38B isused for pressure measurements related to the second zone 16B. In some embodiments, the at least two external sensors 38 A, 38B are configured to measure data regarding an amount of fluid injected into the isolated zones 16A, 16B. In some embodiments, the at least two external sensors 38 A, 38B are configured to measure data regarding an amount of fluid extracted from the isolated zones 16A, 16B. In some embodiments, the at least two external sensors 38A, 38B are configured to measure data regarding a rate of fluid injection into the isolated zones 16A, 16B. In some embodiments, the at least two external sensors 38 A, 38B are configured to measure data regarding a rate of fluid extraction from the isolated zones 16A, 16B.

[0068] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to adjust fluid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. The controller 24 receives data from the at least two external sensors 38 A, 38B related to the amount of fluid injected into the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, respectively. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the source sensors 44A, 44B related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. The controller 24 is configured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0069] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to adjust fluid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B based, at least in part, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the external sensor 38A associated with the first zone 16A of the source well 16, data from the external sensor 38B associated with the second zone 16B of the source well 16, data from the first source sensor 44A associated with the first zone 16A of the source well 16, and data from the second source sensor 44B associated with the second zone 16B of the source well 16.

[0070] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to adjust fluid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. The controller 24 receives data fromthe at least two external sensors 38 A, 38B related to the amount of fluid extracted from the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, respectively. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the source sensors 44A, 44B related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. The controller 24 is configured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0071] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16 based, at least in part, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the external sensor 38A associated with the first zone 16A of the source well 16, data from the external sensor 38B associated with the second zone 16B of the source well 16, data from the first source sensor 44A associated with the first zone 16A of the source well 16, and data from the second source sensor 44B associated with the second zone 16B of the source well 16.

[0072] As shown in Fig. 4, the subsurface formation testing system 10 may be used with the testing site 14 having the source well 16 and the receiver well 18, thereby allowing for a multi -well test. The subsurface formation testing system 10 is configured to test, analyze, and determine the subsurface formation 12 between the wells 16, 18. The source well assembly 20 is positioned above the source well 16. The receiver well 18 is spaced apart from the source well 16.

[0073] The pump 28, as shown in Fig. 4, is configured to selectively inject fluid into the source well 16 via the manifold 32 and the fluid line 30 to cause an increase in pressure in the source well 16, which results in an adjustment of liquid levels in the source well 16. Due to the increase in pressure in the source well 16, the liquid level lowers. The increased pressure in the source well 16 causes the liquid in the source well 16 to be forced out of the source well 16 and into surrounding reservoirs, aquifers, or other wells 18 thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation 12.

[0074] The vacuum system 42, as shown in Fig. 4, is configured to selectively extract fluid from the source well 16 to adjust liquid levels in the source well 16. The vacuum system 42 withdraws fluid from the source well 16 through the fluid line 30 and the manifold 32. By extracting fluid, the vacuum system 42 causes a decrease in pressure in the source well 16, which results in an adjustment of liquid levels in the source well 16. Due to the decrease in pressure in the source well 16, the liquid level raises. The decreased pressure in the source well 16 causes the liquid in surrounding reservoirs, aquifers, or other wells 18 to move into the source well 16 thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation 12.

[0075] While the subsurface formation testing system 10 is used with the source well 16 and the receiver well 18, the plurality of sensors 22 includes at least one receiver sensor 66, as shown in Fig. 4. The at least one receiver sensor 66 is located within the receiver well 18. The at least one receiver sensor 66 is configured to measure data related to the receiver well 18. In some embodiments, the at least one receiver sensor 66 is configured to measure data regarding pressure in the receiver well 18. Illustratively, the at least one receiver sensor 66 remains in the liquid of the receiver well 18 during pressure changes in the receiver well 18.

[0076] In some embodiments, the at least one receiver sensor 66 includes a single receiver sensor 66. In some embodiments, the at least one receiver sensor 66 includes two or more receiver sensors 66 located in the receiver well 18. In some embodiments, the at least one receiver sensor 66 includes a pressure transducer, a force sensor, a gauge pressure sensor, an absolute pressure sensor, a differential pressure sensor, a fiber optic pressure sensor, an acoustic water level meter, and / or any other suitable sensor.

[0077] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16. The controller 24 receives data from the at least one external sensor 38 related to the amount of fluid injected into the source well 16. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the at least one source sensor 44 related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the source well 16 and / or pressure data from the at least one receiver sensor 66 related to the adjustmentof the fluid levels in the receiver well 18. The controller 24 is configured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0078] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16 based, at least in part, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the at least one external sensor 38 associated with the source well 16, data from the at least one source sensor 44 associated with the source well 16, and data from the at least one receiver sensor 66 associated with the receiver well 18. For example, the controller 24 may receive the pressure data from the at least one receiver sensor 66 and modify fluid injection by the pump 28 based on the pressure data.

[0079] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16. The controller 24 receives data from the at least one external sensor 38 related to the amount of fluid extracted from the source well 16. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the at least one source sensor 44 related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the source well 16 and / or pressure data from the at least one receiver sensor 66 related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the receiver well 18. The controller 24 is configured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0080] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16 based, at least in part, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the at least one external sensor 38 associated with the source well 16, data from the at least one source sensor 44 associated with the source well 16, and data from the at least one receiver sensor 66 associated with the receiver well 18. For example, the controller 24 may receive the pressure data from the at least one receiver sensor 66 and modify fluid extraction by the vacuum system 42 based on the pressure data.

[0081] The controller 24 may compare the data collected from the source well 16 to the data collected from the receiver well 18. As an example, the travel time, the amplitude, and / or the phase shift of liquid level oscillations in the receiver well 18 allows for approximation of subsurface formation 12 parameters through analytical solutions of groundwater flow equations.

[0082] As shown in Fig. 5, the subsurface formation testing system 10 may be used with the testing site 14 having the source well 16 with multiple zones 16A, 16B and the receiver well 18, thereby allowing for a multi -well and multi-zone test. The subsurface formation testing system 10 is configured to test, analyze, and determine the subsurface formation 12 between the wells 16, 18. Further, the isolated zones 16A, 16B of the source well 16 help to determine physical properties of the subsurface formation 12 at different elevations. The source well assembly 20 is positioned above the source well 16. The receiver well 18 is spaced apart from the source well 16.

[0083] The pump 28, as shown in Fig. 5, is configured to selectively inject fluid into the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to cause an increase in pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, which results in an adjustment of liquid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. Due to the increase in pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, the liquid level lowers in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. The increased pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B causes the liquid in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to be forced out of the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B and into surrounding reservoirs, aquifers, or other wells 18 thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation 12. The pump 28 may inject fluid into the first zone 16A and the second zone 16B simultaneously at the same or different rates. The pump 28 may inject fluid into the first zone 16A and the second zone 16B sequentially.

[0084] The vacuum system 42, as shown in Fig. 5, is configured to selectively extract fluid from the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to adjust liquid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. The vacuum system 42 withdraws fluid from the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B through the fluid lines 30A, 30B andthe manifold 32. By extracting fluid, the vacuum system 42 causes a decrease in pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, which results in an adjustment of liquid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. Due to the decrease in pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, the liquid level raises. The decreased pressure in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B causes the liquid in surrounding reservoirs, aquifers, or other wells 18 to move into the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation 12.

[0085] The vacuum system 42 may extract fluid from the first zone 16A and the second zone 16B simultaneously at the same or different rates. The vacuum system 42 may extract fluid from the first zone 16A and the second zone 16B sequentially. The pump 28 may inject fluid into one of the zones 16A, 16B while the vacuum system 42 extracts fluid from the other of the zones 16 A, 16B.

[0086] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to adjust fluid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. The controller 24 receives data from the at least two external sensors 38 related to the amount of fluid injected into the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, respectively. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the source sensors 44A, 44B related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B and pressure data from the receiver sensor 66 related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the receiver well 18. The controller 24 is configured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0087] As suggested in Fig. 5, the controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to adjust fluid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B based, at least in part, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the external sensor 38A associated with the first zone 16A of the source well 16, data from the external sensor 38B associated with the second zone 16B of the source well 16, data from the firstsource sensor 44A associated with the first zone 16A of the source well 16, data from the second source sensor 44B associated with the second zone 16B of the source well 16, and data from the receiver sensor 66 associated with the receiver well 18. For example, the controller 24 may receive the pressure data from the at least one receiver sensor 66 and modify fluid injection by the pump 28 into the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B based on the pressure data.

[0088] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to adjust fluid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B. The controller 24 receives data from the at least two external sensors 38 A, 38B related to the amount of fluid extracted from the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B, respectively. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the source sensors 44A, 44B related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B and pressure data from the receiver sensor 66 related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the receiver well 18. The controller 24 is configured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0089] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16 based, at least in part, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the external sensor 38A associated with the first zone 16A of the source well 16, data from the external sensor 38B associated with the second zone 16B of the source well 16, data from the first source sensor 44A associated with the first zone 16A of the source well 16, data from the second source sensor 44B associated with the second zone 16B of the source well 16, and data from the receiver sensor 66 associated with the receiver well 18. For example, the controller 24 may receive the pressure data from the at least one receiver sensor 66 and modify fluid extraction by the vacuum system 42 from the first zone 16A and / or the second zone 16B based on the pressuredata. The controller 24 may compare the data collected from the zones 16 A, 16B of the source well 16 to the data collected from the receiver well 18.

[0090] As shown in Fig. 6, the subsurface formation testing system 10 may be used with the testing site 14 having two source wells 16, 16' and two receiver wells 18, 18' thereby allowing for a multi -well test. The subsurface formation testing system 10 is configured to test, analyze, and determine the subsurface formation 12 between the wells 16, 16', 18, 18'. The source well assembly 20 is positioned above the first source well 16. The second source well 16' is spaced apart from the first source well 16. The receiver well 18 is spaced apart from the source wells 16, 16'. The receiver well 18' is spaced apart from the source wells 16, 16' and the receiver well 18.

[0091] The source well assembly 20 is positioned above the first source well 16, as shown in Fig. 6. While the subsurface formation testing system 10 is used with two source wells 16, 16', the source well assembly 20 includes a first fluid line 30A and a second fluid line 30B. The fluid lines 30A, 30B are both coupled to the manifold 32 to receive the fluid from the manifold 32 and the pump 28 for injection into the source wells 16, 16'. The first fluid line 30A is configured to inject fluid into the first source well 16, and the second fluid line 30B is configured to inject fluid into the second source well 16'.

[0092] While the subsurface formation testing system 10 is used with two source wells 16, 16', the source well assembly 20 includes a first isolation device 40A and a second isolation device 40B, as shown in Fig. 6. The first isolation device 40A is positioned in the first source well 16. The first isolation device 40A separates the first source well 16 from direct fluid communication with an area above the first isolation device 40A. The first isolation device 40A seals the first source well 16. The first fluid line 30A extends through the first isolation device 40A. In other words, a terminal end of the first fluid line 30A is coupled with the first isolation device 40A so that the fluid is injected into the first source well 16 below the first isolation device 40A.

[0093] The second isolation device 40B is positioned in the second source well 16', as shown in Fig. 6. The second isolation device 40B separates the second source well 16' from direct fluid communication with an area above the second isolation device 40B.The second isolation device 40B seals the second source well 16'. The second fluid line 30B extends through the second isolation device 40B. In other words, a terminal end of the second fluid line 30B is coupled with the second isolation device 40B so that the fluid is injected into the second source well 16' below the second isolation device 40B.

[0094] The pressure regulator 34, as shown in Fig. 6, is configured to control a pressure of the fluid being injected into the source wells 16, 16'. The pump 28 is configured to selectively inject fluid into the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' to cause an increase in pressure in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16', which results in an adjustment of liquid levels in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16'. Due to the increase in pressure in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16', the liquid level lowers in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16'. The increased pressure in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' causes the liquid in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' to be forced out of the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' and into surrounding reservoirs, aquifers, or other wells 16, 16', 18, 18' thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation 12. The pump 28 may inject fluid into the first source well 16 and the second source well 16' simultaneously at the same or different rates. The pump 28 may inject fluid into the first source well 16 and the second source well 16' sequentially.

[0095] The vacuum system 42, as shown in Fig. 6, is configured to selectively extract fluid from the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' to adjust liquid levels in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16'. The vacuum system 42 withdraws fluid from the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' through the fluid lines 30A, 30B and the manifold 32. By extracting fluid, the vacuum system 42 causes a decrease in pressure in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16', which results in an adjustment of liquid levels in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16'. Due to the decrease in pressure in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16', the liquid level raises. The decreased pressure in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' causes the liquid in surroundingreservoirs, aquifers, or other wells 16, 16', 18, 18' to move into the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation 12.

[0096] The vacuum system 42 may extract fluid from the first source well 16 and the second source well 16' simultaneously at the same or different rates. The vacuum system 42 may extract fluid from the first source well 16 and the second source well 16' sequentially. The pump 28 may inject fluid into one of the first source well 16 and the second source well 16' while the vacuum system 42 extracts fluid from the other of the first source well 16 and the second source well 16'.

[0097] While the subsurface formation testing system 10 is used with two source wells 16, 16' and two receiver wells 18, 18', the plurality of sensors 22 includes at least two source sensors 44A, 44B, as shown in Fig. 6. The first source sensor 44A is located within the first source well 16 below the first isolation device 40A. The second source sensor 44B is located within the second source well 16' below the second isolation device 40B. The first source sensor 44A is configured to measure data related to the first source well 16. In some embodiments, the first source sensor 44A is configured to measure data regarding pressure in the first source well 16. Illustratively, the first source sensor 44A remains in the liquid of the first source well 16 during pressure changes in the first source well 16. The second source sensor 44B is configured to measure data related to the second source well 16'. In some embodiments, the second source sensor 44B is configured to measure data regarding pressure in the second source well 16'. Illustratively, the second source sensor 44B remains in the liquid of the second source well 16' during pressure changes in the second source well 16'.

[0098] While the subsurface formation testing system 10 is used with two source wells 16, 16' and two receiver wells 18, 18', the at least one external sensor 38 includes at least two external sensors 38 A, 38B. In some embodiments, the at least two external sensors 38 A, 38B are configured to measure data regarding an amount of fluid injected into the first and second source wells 16, 16', respectively. In some embodiments, the at least two external sensors 38 A, 38B are configured to measure data regarding an amountof fluid extracted from the first and second source wells 16, 16', respectively. In some embodiments, the at least two external sensors 38A, 38B are configured to measure data regarding a rate of fluid injection into the first and second source wells 16, 16', respectively. In some embodiments, the at least two external sensors 38 A, 38B are configured to measure data regarding a rate of fluid extraction from the first and second source wells 16, 16', respectively.

[0099] While the subsurface formation testing system 10 is used with two source wells 16, 16' and two receiver wells 18, 18', the plurality of sensors 22 includes at least two receiver sensors 66A, 66B, as shown in Fig. 6. The first receiver sensor 66A is located within the first receiver well 18. The second receiver sensor 66B is located within the second receiver well 18'.

[0100] The first receiver sensor 66A is configured to measure data related to the first receiver well 18, as shown in Fig. 6. In some embodiments, the first receiver sensor 66A is configured to measure data regarding pressure in the first receiver well 18. Illustratively, the first receiver sensor 66A remains in the liquid of the first receiver well 18 during pressure changes in the first receiver well 18.

[0101] The second receiver sensor 66B is configured to measure data related to the second receiver well 18', as shown in Fig. 6. In some embodiments, the second receiver sensor 66B is configured to measure data regarding pressure in the second receiver well 18'. Illustratively, the second receiver sensor 66B remains in the liquid of the second receiver well 18' during pressure changes in the second receiver well 18'.

[0102] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' to adjust fluid levels in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16'. The controller 24 receives data from the external sensor 38A related to the amount of fluid injected into the first source well 16 and data from the external sensor 38B related to the amount of fluid injected into the second source well 16'. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the source sensors 44 A, 44B related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16'. The controller 24 also receives pressuredata from the receiver sensors 66A, 66B related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the first receiver well 18 and / or the second receiver well 18'. The controller 24 is configured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0103] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' to adjust fluid levels in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' based, at least in part, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the external sensor 38A associated with the first source well 16, data from the external sensor 38B associated with the second source well 16', data from the first source sensor 44A associated with the first source well 16, data from the second source sensor 44B associated with the second source well 16', data from the first receiver sensor 66A associated with the first receiver well 18, and data from the second receiver sensor 66B associated with the second receiver well 18'. For example, the controller 24 may receive the pressure data from the first receiver sensor 66A and modify fluid injection by the pump 28 into the second source well 16' based on the pressure data. As another example, the controller 24 may receive the pressure data from the second receiver sensor 66B and modify fluid injection by the pump 28 into the first source well 16 based on the pressure data.

[0104] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' to adjust fluid levels in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16'. The controller 24 receives data from the external sensor 38A related to the amount of fluid extracted from the first source well 16 and data from the external sensor 38B related to the amount of fluid extracted from the second source well 16'. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the source sensors 44A, 44B related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16'. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the receiver sensors 66A, 66B related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the first receiver well 18 and / or the second receiver well 18'. The controller 24 isconfigured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0105] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' to adjust fluid levels in the first source well 16 and / or the second source well 16' based, at least in part, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the external sensor 38A associated with the first source well 16, data from the external sensor 38B associated with the second source well 16', data from the first source sensor 44 A associated with the first source well 16, data from the second source sensor 44B associated with the second source well 16', data from the first receiver sensor 66A associated with the first receiver well 18, and data from the second receiver sensor 66B associated with the second receiver well 18'. For example, the controller 24 may receive the pressure data from the first receiver sensor 66A and modify fluid extraction by the vacuum system 42 from the second source well 16' based on the pressure data. As another example, the controller 24 may receive the pressure data from the second receiver sensor 66B and modify fluid extraction by the vacuum system 42 from the first source well 16 based on the pressure data. The controller 24 may compare the data collected from the source wells 16, 16' to the data collected from the receiver wells 18, 18'.

[0106] As shown in Fig. 7, the subsurface formation testing system 10 may be used with the testing site 14 having the source well 16 and three receiver wells 18, 18', 18" thereby allowing for a multi-well test. The source well assembly 20 is positioned above the source well 16. The receiver wells 18, 18', 18" are each spaced apart from the source well 16 and from one another.

[0107] While the subsurface formation testing system 10 is used with one source well 16 and three receiver wells 18, 18', 18", the plurality of sensors 22 includes at least three receiver sensors 66A, 66B, 66C, as shown in Fig. 7. The first receiver sensor 66A is located within the first receiver well 18. The second receiver sensor 66B is located withinthe second receiver well 18'. The third receiver sensor 66C is located within the third receiver well 18".

[0108] The first receiver sensor 66A is configured to measure data related to the first receiver well 18, as shown in Fig. 7. In some embodiments, the first receiver sensor 66 A is configured to measure data regarding pressure in the first receiver well 18. Illustratively, the first receiver sensor 66A remains in the liquid of the first receiver well 18 during pressure changes in the first receiver well 18.

[0109] The second receiver sensor 66B is configured to measure data related to the second receiver well 18', as shown in Fig. 7. In some embodiments, the second receiver sensor 66B is configured to measure data regarding pressure in the second receiver well 18'. Illustratively, the second receiver sensor 66B remains in the liquid of the second receiver well 18' during pressure changes in the second receiver well 18'.

[0110] The third receiver sensor 66C is configured to measure data related to the third receiver well 18", as shown in Fig. 7. In some embodiments, the third receiver sensor 66C is configured to measure data regarding pressure in the third receiver well 18". Illustratively, the third receiver sensor 66C remains in the liquid of the third receiver well 18" during pressure changes in the third receiver well 18".

[0111] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16. The controller 24 receives data from the at least one external sensor 38 related to the amount of fluid injected into the source well 16. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the source sensor 44 related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the source well 16. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the receiver sensors 66A, 66B, 66C related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the first receiver well 18, the second receiver well 18', and / or the third receiver well 18". The controller 24 is configured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0112] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the pump 28 to inject fluid into the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16 based, at least inpart, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the at least one external sensor 38 associated with the source well 16, data from the source sensor 44A associated with the source well 16, data from the first receiver sensor 66A associated with the first receiver well 18, data from the second receiver sensor 66B associated with the second receiver well 18', and data from the third receiver sensor 66C associated with the third receiver well 18".

[0113] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16. The controller 24 receives data from the at least one external sensor 38 related to the amount of fluid extracted from the source well 16. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the source sensor 44 related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the source well 16. The controller 24 also receives pressure data from the receiver sensors 66A, 66B, 66C related to the adjustment of the fluid levels in the first receiver well 18, the second receiver well 18', and / or the third receiver well 18". The controller 24 is configured to create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation 12.

[0114] The controller 24 is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system 42 to extract fluid from the source well 16 to adjust fluid levels in the source well 16 based, at least in part, on any of the following or any combination of the following: data from the at least one external sensor 38 associated with the source well 16, data from the source sensor 44 associated with the source well 16, data from the first receiver sensor 66A associated with the first receiver well 18, data from the second receiver sensor 66B associated with the second receiver well 18', and data from the third receiver sensor 66C associated with the third receiver well 18". The controller 24 may compare the data collected from the source well 16 to the data collected from the receiver wells 18, 18', 18".

[0115] In some embodiments, the subsurface formation testing system 10 includes a manifold box. The manifold box may serve as a compact air delivery manifold instead of the tripod mounted configuration.

[0116] The following numbered clauses include embodiments that are contemplated and non-limiting:

[0117] Clause 1. A subsurface formation testing system comprising a source well assembly including a first fluid line that extends into a first zone of a source well at a testing site including a subsurface formation, a second fluid line that extends into a second zone of the source well below the first zone of the source well, a manifold coupled to the first fluid line and the second fluid line, and a pump coupled to the manifold, wherein the manifold is configured to direct fluid from the pump through at least one of the first fluid line and the second fluid line to adjust fluid levels in the source well thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation; a plurality of sensors configured to detect data, the plurality of sensors including at least one source sensor configured to detect data associated with the source well and at least one receiver sensor disposed within a receiver well at the testing site and spaced apart from the source well; and a controller in communication with the source well assembly and the plurality of sensors, the controller configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well, receive pressure data associated with the receiver well, and create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation.

[0118] Clause 2. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the at least one source sensor is located at the manifold and positioned external to the source well.

[0119] Clause 3. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the source well assembly includes a first isolation device positioned in the source well to define the first zone of the source well below the first isolation device, and wherein the first isolation device separates the first zone from direct fluid communication with an area above the first isolation device, and wherein a terminal end of the first fluid line is coupled with the first isolation device.

[0120] Clause 4. The system of clause 3, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the source well assembly includes a second isolation device positioned in the source well below the first isolation device to define the second zone of the source well below the second isolation device, and wherein the second isolation device separates the first zone and the second zone from direct fluid communication with one another, and wherein a terminal end of the second fluid line is coupled with the second isolation device.

[0121] Clause 5. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the source well assembly includes a pressure regulator configured to receive the fluid from the pump and selectively inject the fluid into the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well.

[0122] Clause 6. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the source well assembly includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well.

[0123] Clause 7. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well based, at least in part, on the pressure data received from the at least one receiver sensor associated with the receiver well.

[0124] Clause 8. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well in response to the data from the at least one source sensor associated with the source well.

[0125] Clause 9. The system of clause 8, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller comprises a processor and amemory configured to store the data received from the at least one source sensor and the pressure data from the at least one receiver sensor, and wherein the processor uses mathematical models to determine physical properties of the subsurface formation based on the data from the at least one source sensor and the pressure data from the at least one receiver sensor.

[0126] Clause 10. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone of the source well and receive the pressure data associated with the receiver well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the first zone of the source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the second zone of the source well and receive the pressure data associated with the receiver well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the second zone of the source well.

[0127] Clause 11. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to simultaneously adjust the fluid levels in the first zone of the source well and the second zone of the source well and receive the pressure data associated with the receiver well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the first zone of the source well and the second zone of the source well.

[0128] Clause 12. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to increase the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well based, at least in part, on the data from the at least one source sensor indicative of a fluid level in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well.

[0129] Clause 13. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the source well assembly further includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectivelydirect the vacuum system and the manifold to decrease the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well based, at least in part, on the data from the at least one source sensor indicative of a fluid level in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well.

[0130] Clause 14. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to wirelessly communicate with a remote network storage.

[0131] Clause 15. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to wirelessly communicate with a second subsurface formation testing system.

[0132] Clause 16. The system of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, further comprising a manifold support configured to position the manifold relative to the source well, the manifold support including a base, a first leg coupled to the base, a second leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg, and a third leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg and the second leg.

[0133] Clause 17. The system of clause 16, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg extend downwardly from the base to contact underlying ground of the testing site surrounding the source well.

[0134] Clause 18. The system of clause 16, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the base is formed to include a through hole configured to receive the manifold therein, and wherein the manifold extends through the through hole of the base toward the source well.

[0135] Clause 19. The system of clause 16, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg are each pivotably coupled to the base to change the manifold support from an in-use mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend outwardly away from the manifold to form an angle between the corresponding first leg, second leg, or third legand the manifold, and a collapsed-storage mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend along the manifold substantially parallel to the manifold.

[0136] Clause 20. A subsurface formation testing system comprises a source well assembly including a fluid line that extends into a source well at a testing site including a subsurface formation, a manifold coupled to the fluid line, and a pump, wherein the manifold is configured to direct fluid from the pump through the fluid line to adjust fluid levels in the source well thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation; a plurality of sensors configured to detect data, the plurality of sensors including a first sensor configured to detect data associated with the source well, a second sensor disposed within a first receiver well at the testing site spaced apart from the source well, and a third sensor disposed within a second receiver well at the testing site spaced apart from the source well and the second receiver well; and a controller in communication with the source well assembly and the plurality of sensors, the controller configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the source well, receive pressure data associated with the first receiver well and pressure data associated with the second receiver well, and create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for each of the first receiver well and the second receiver well for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation.

[0137] Clause 21. The system of clause 20, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the first sensor is located at the manifold and positioned external to the source well.

[0138] Clause 22. The system of clause 20, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the source well assembly further includes a pressure regulator configured to receive the fluid from the pump and the manifold and selectively inject the fluid into the source well to adjust the fluid levels in the source well.

[0139] Clause 23. The system of clause 20, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the source well assembly further includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the source well to adjust the fluid levels in the source well.

[0140] Clause 24. The system of clause 20, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the source well based, at least in part, on the pressure data received from the second sensor associated with the first receiver well and / or the third sensor associated with the second receiver well.

[0141] Clause 25. The system of clause 20, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the source well in response to the data from the first sensor associated with the source well.

[0142] Clause 26. The system of clause 25, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller comprises a processor and a memory configured to store the data received from the first sensor, the second sensor, and the third sensor, and wherein the processor uses mathematical models to determine physical properties of the subsurface formation based on the data from the first sensor, the second sensor, and the third sensor.

[0143] Clause 27. The system of clause 20, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the source well and simultaneously receive the pressure data associated with the first receiver well and the second receiver well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the source well.

[0144] Clause 28. The system of clause 20, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to increase the fluid levels in the source well based, at least in part, on the data from the first sensor indicative of a fluid level in the source well.

[0145] Clause 29. The system of clause 20, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the source well assembly further includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system and the manifold todecrease the fluid levels in the source well based, at least in part, on the data from the first sensor indicative of a fluid level in the source well.

[0146] Clause 30. The system of clause 20, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, further comprising a manifold support configured to position the manifold relative to the source well, the manifold support including a base, a first leg coupled to the base, a second leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg, and a third leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg and the second leg.

[0147] Clause 31. The system of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg extend downwardly from the base to contact underlying ground of the testing site surrounding the source well.

[0148] Clause 32. The system of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the base is formed to include a through hole configured to receive the manifold therein, and wherein the manifold extends through the through hole of the base toward the source well.

[0149] Clause 33. The system of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg are each pivotably coupled to the base to change the manifold support from an in-use mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend outwardly away from the manifold to form an angle between the corresponding first leg, second leg, or third leg and the manifold, and a collapsed-storage mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend along the manifold substantially parallel to the manifold.

[0150] Clause 34. A subsurface formation testing system comprises a source well assembly including a first fluid line that extends into a first source well at a testing site including a subsurface formation, a second fluid line that extends into a second source well at the testing site and spaced apart from the first source well, a manifold coupled to the first fluid line and the second fluid line, and a pump, wherein the manifold is configured to direct fluid from the pump through at least one of the first fluid line and thesecond fluid line to adjust fluid levels in the first source well and / or the second source well thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation; a plurality of sensors configured to detect data, the plurality of sensors including a first sensor configured to detect data associated with the first source well, a second sensor configured to detect data associated with the second source well, a third sensor disposed within a first receiver well at the testing site and spaced apart from the first source well, and a fourth sensor disposed within a second receiver well at the testing site and spaced apart from the second source well; and a controller in communication with the source well assembly and the plurality of sensors, the controller configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first source well and / or the second source well, receive pressure data associated with the first receiver well and / or the second receiver well, and create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data associated with the first receiver well and / or the second receiver well for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation.

[0151] Clause 35. The system of clause 34, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the first sensor is located at the manifold and positioned external to the first source well, and wherein the second sensor is located at the manifold and positioned external to the second source well.

[0152] Clause 36. The system of clause 34, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first source well and / or the second source well based, at least in part, on the data received from the first sensor associated with the first source well, the data received from the second sensor associated with the second source well, the pressure data received from the third sensor associated with the first receiver well, and / or the pressure data received from the fourth sensor associated with the second receiver well.

[0153] Clause 37. The system of clause 34, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first source well andsimultaneously receive the data associated with the first receiver well, the second receiver well, the first source well, and / or the second source well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the first source well.

[0154] Clause 38. The system of clause 34, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the second source well and simultaneously receive the data associated with the first receiver well, the second receiver well, the first source well, and / or the second source well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the second source well.

[0155] Clause 39. The system of clause 34, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to increase the fluid levels in the first source well based, at least in part, on the data from the first sensor indicative of a fluid level in the first source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump to increase the fluid levels in the second source well based, at least in part, on the data from the second sensor indicative of a fluid level in the second source well.

[0156] Clause 40. The system of clause 34, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the source well assembly further includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the first source well and / or the second source well to adjust the fluid levels in the first source well and / or the second source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system and the manifold to decrease the fluid levels in the first source well based, at least in part, on the data from the first sensor indicative of a fluid level in the first source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system to decrease the fluid levels in the second source well based, at least in part, on the data from the second sensor indicative of a fluid level in the second source well.

[0157] Clause 41. The system of clause 34, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, further comprising a manifold support configured to position the manifold relative to the first source well, the manifold support including abase, a first leg coupled to the base, a second leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg, and a third leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg and the second leg.

[0158] Clause 42. The system of clause 42, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg extend downwardly from the base to contact underlying ground of the testing site surrounding the first source well.

[0159] Clause 43. The system of clause 42, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the base is formed to include a through hole configured to receive the manifold therein, and wherein the manifold extends through the through hole of the base toward the first source well.

[0160] Clause 44. The system of clause 42, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg are each pivotably coupled to the base to change the manifold support from an in-use mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend outwardly away from the manifold to form an angle between the corresponding first leg, second leg, or third leg and the manifold, and a col lapsed- storage mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend along the manifold parallel to the manifold.

[0161] Clause 45. A system comprises a manifold system configured to be positioned proximate of a source well or zone to inject and extract wellhead fluid pressures within the source well or zone; and wherein the manifold system is configured to inject, maintain, and extract pressure from an individual or multiple source wells or zones; a pump configured to be positioned proximate of the manifold system to extract fluid from and inject fluid into the source well or zone; a data collection system configured to monitor one or more measures indicative of an amount of fluid pressure in the source well or zone or receiver wells; a controller in communication with the manifold system and the data collection system; and wherein the controller is configured to cause the manifold system to inject, maintain, and extract pressure in the source wellor zone based on the one or more measures indicative of the amount of fluid pressure and liquid in the source well or zone.

[0162] Clause 46. The system of clause 45, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the data collection system includes at least one sensor configured to sense a measure related to wellhead or zone pressure in the source well or zone that is located within the source well or zone or within the manifold system.

[0163] Clause 47. The system of clause 46, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a first sensor configured to remain in the liquid at the source well or zone during pressure changes in source well or zone and a second sensor configured to remain out of the liquid at the source well or zone during changes in the amount of fluid extracted from and injected into the source well or zone.

[0164] Clause 48. The system of clause 46, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the at least one sensor at the source well is configured to sense a measure related to liquid pressure at the source well.

[0165] Clause 49. The system of clause 45, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the data collection system includes the ability to collect physical data from sensor(s) at the receiver wells a distance from the source well.

[0166] Clause 50. The system of clause 45, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the data collection system includes at least one sensor at each of the receiver wells that are spaced a known distance from the source well, the at least one sensor at each of the receiver wells is configured to sense a measure related to pressure changes at the associated receiver well.

[0167] Clause 51. The system of clause 50, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the data collection system includes at least one sensor at the source well, the at least one sensor at the source well is configured to sense a measure related to fluid injection and extraction rates at the source well that is located within the source well or zone or within the manifold system.

[0168] Clause 52. The system of clause 45, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is in communication with the manifold system to cause the pump and the manifold system to extract fluid from and inject fluid into the source well or zones at a constant and variable rate.

[0169] Clause 53. A controller comprises a processor; an input / output (I / O) port in communication with the processor; and memory configured to store instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to: output a control signal via the I / O port to cause a pump to extract fluid from and inject fluid into a source well or zone at a constant or variable rate; receive via the I / O port sensed values of measures related to pressure in one or more zones or receiver wells spaced from the source well; and process pressure signals from the receiver wells.

[0170] Clause 54. The controller of clause 53, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured to cause the processor to: receive sensed values of measures related to pressure from in the source well, zones, and receiver wells; and use the sensed values of measures related to pressure in the source well and zones to filter pressure individually generated source well pressure signals from sensed values of measures from the receiver wells.

[0171] Clause 55. The controller of clause 53, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured to cause the processor to: receive sensed values of measures related to pressure from in the source well, zones, and receiver wells; and use the sensed values of measures related to pressure in the source well and zones to remove noise from sensed values of measures from the receiver wells.

[0172] Clause 56. The controller of clause 53, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured to cause the processor to adjust the control signal based on the sensed values of measures related to pressure in the one or more source wells, zones and / or receiver wells.

[0173] Clause 57. The controller of clause 53, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured to cause the processor to output the control signal based on a configuration of the source well relative to the one or more one or more source wells, zones and / or receiver wells.

[0174] Clause 58. The controller of clause 53, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured to cause the processor to adjust the control signal to cause the manifold system and the pump to extract fluid from and inject fluid into the source well or zones at a constant or variable manner.

[0175] Clause 59. A subsurface formation testing system comprises a source well assembly including a fluid line that extends into a source well at a testing site including a subsurface formation, a manifold coupled to the fluid line, and a pump coupled to the manifold, wherein the manifold is configured to direct fluid from the pump through the fluid line to adjust fluid levels in the source well thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation; at least one sensor configured to detect data, the at least one sensor located at the manifold and positioned external to the source well; and a controller in communication with the source well assembly and the at least one sensor, the controller configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the source well, receive data associated with the source well, and create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation.

[0176] Clause 60. The system of clause 59, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the source well assembly includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the source well to adjust the fluid levels in the source well.

[0177] Clause 61. The system of clause 60, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system and the manifold to decrease the fluid levels in the source well based,at least in part, on the data from the at least one sensor indicative of a fluid level in the source well.

[0178] Clause 62. The system of clause 59, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a first source sensor located at a first location of the source well assembly and configured to measure one or more features of the source well at a first depth and / or a first zone and a second source sensor located at a second location of the source well assembly and configured to measure one or more features of the source well at a second depth and / or a second zone.

[0179] Clause 63. The system of clause 59, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, further comprising a manifold support configured to position the manifold relative to the source well, the manifold support including a base, a first leg coupled to the base, a second leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg, and a third leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg and the second leg.

[0180] Clause 64. The system of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg extend downwardly from the base to contact underlying ground of the testing site surrounding the source well.

[0181] Clause 65. The system of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the base is formed to include a through hole configured to receive the manifold therein, and wherein the manifold extends through the through hole of the base toward the source well.

[0182] Clause 66. The system of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any other suitable combination of clauses, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg are each pivotably coupled to the base to change the manifold support from an in-use mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend outwardly away from the manifold to form an angle between the corresponding first leg, second leg, or third leg and the manifold, and a col lapsed- storage mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend along the manifold parallel to the manifold.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A subsurface formation testing system comprising: a source well assembly including a first fluid line that extends into a first zone of a source well at a testing site including a subsurface formation, a second fluid line that extends into a second zone of the source well below the first zone of the source well, a manifold coupled to the first fluid line and the second fluid line, and a pump coupled to the manifold, wherein the manifold is configured to direct fluid from the pump through at least one of the first fluid line and the second fluid line to adjust fluid levels in the source well thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation; a plurality of sensors configured to detect data, the plurality of sensors including at least one source sensor configured to detect data associated with the source well and at least one receiver sensor disposed within a receiver well at the testing site and spaced apart from the source well; and a controller in communication with the source well assembly and the plurality of sensors, the controller configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well, receive pressure data associated with the receiver well, and create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation.

2. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the at least one source sensor is located at the manifold and positioned external to the source well.

3. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the source well assembly includes a first isolation device positioned in the source well to define the first zone of the source well below the first isolation device, and wherein the first isolation device separates the first zone from direct fluid communication with an area above the first isolation device, and wherein a terminal end of the first fluid line is coupled with the first isolation device.

4. The system of claim 3, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the source well assembly includes a second isolation device positioned in the source well below the first isolation device to define the second zone of the source well below the second isolation device, and wherein the second isolation device separates the first zone and the second zone from direct fluid communication with one another, and wherein a terminal end of the second fluid line is coupled with the second isolation device.

5. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the source well assembly includes a pressure regulator configured to receive the fluid from the pump and selectively inject the fluid into the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well.

6. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the source well assembly includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well.

7. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well based, at least in part, on the pressure data received from the at least one receiver sensor associated with the receiver well.

8. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well in response to the data from the at least one source sensor associated with the source well.

9. The system of claim 8, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller comprises a processor and a memoryconfigured to store the data received from the at least one source sensor and the pressure data from the at least one receiver sensor, and wherein the processor uses mathematical models to determine physical properties of the subsurface formation based on the data from the at least one source sensor and the pressure data from the at least one receiver sensor.

10. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump to adjust the fluid levels in the first zone of the source well and receive the pressure data associated with the receiver well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the first zone of the source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the second zone of the source well and receive the pressure data associated with the receiver well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the second zone of the source well.

11. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to simultaneously adjust the fluid levels in the first zone of the source well and the second zone of the source well and receive the pressure data associated with the receiver well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the first zone of the source well and the second zone of the source well.

12. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to increase the fluid levels in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well based, at least in part, on the data from the at least one source sensor indicative of a fluid level in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well.

13. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the source well assembly further includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system and the manifold to decrease the fluid levels in the first zone and / or thesecond zone of the source well based, at least in part, on the data from the at least one source sensor indicative of a fluid level in the first zone and / or the second zone of the source well.

14. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to wirelessly communicate with a remote network storage.

15. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to wirelessly communicate with a second subsurface formation testing system.

16. The system of claim 1, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, further comprising a manifold support configured to position the manifold relative to the source well, the manifold support including a base, a first leg coupled to the base, a second leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg, and a third leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg and the second leg.

17. The system of claim 16, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg extend downwardly from the base to contact underlying ground of the testing site surrounding the source well.

18. The system of claim 16, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the base is formed to include a through hole configured to receive the manifold therein, and wherein the manifold extends through the through hole of the base toward the source well.

19. The system of claim 16, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg are each pivotably coupled to the base to change the manifold support from an in-use mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend outwardly away from the manifold to form an angle between the corresponding first leg, second leg, or third leg and the manifold, and a col lapsed- storage mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend along the manifold substantially parallel to the manifold.

20. A subsurface formation testing system comprising: a source well assembly including a fluid line that extends into a source well at a testing site including a subsurface formation, a manifold coupled to the fluid line, and a pump, wherein the manifold is configured to direct fluid from the pump through the fluid line to adjust fluid levels in the source well thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation; a plurality of sensors configured to detect data, the plurality of sensors including a first sensor configured to detect data associated with the source well, a second sensor disposed within a first receiver well at the testing site spaced apart from the source well, and a third sensor disposed within a second receiver well at the testing site spaced apart from the source well and the second receiver well; and a controller in communication with the source well assembly and the plurality of sensors, the controller configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the source well, receive pressure data associated with the first receiver well and pressure data associated with the second receiver well, and create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data for each of the first receiver well and the second receiver well for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation.

21. The system of claim 20, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the first sensor is located at the manifold and positioned external to the source well.

22. The system of claim 20, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the source well assembly further includes a pressure regulator configured to receive the fluid from the pump and the manifold and selectively inject the fluid into the source well to adjust the fluid levels in the source well.

23. The system of claim 20, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the source well assembly further includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the source well to adjust the fluid levels in the source well.

24. The system of claim 20, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the source well based, at least in part, on the pressure data received from the second sensor associated with the first receiver well and / or the third sensor associated with the second receiver well.

25. The system of claim 20, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the source well in response to the data from the first sensor associated with the source well.

26. The system of claim 25, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller comprises a processor and a memory configured to store the data received from the first sensor, the second sensor, and the third sensor, and wherein the processor uses mathematical models to determine physical properties of the subsurface formation based on the data from the first sensor, the second sensor, and the third sensor.

27. The system of claim 20, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the source well and simultaneously receive the pressure data associated with the first receiver well and the second receiver well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the source well.

28. The system of claim 20, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to increase the fluid levels in the source well based, at least in part, on the data from the first sensor indicative of a fluid level in the source well.

29. The system of claim 20, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the source well assembly further includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system and the manifold todecrease the fluid levels in the source well based, at least in part, on the data from the first sensor indicative of a fluid level in the source well.

30. The system of claim 20, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, further comprising a manifold support configured to position the manifold relative to the source well, the manifold support including a base, a first leg coupled to the base, a second leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg, and a third leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg and the second leg.

31. The system of claim 30, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg extend downwardly from the base to contact underlying ground of the testing site surrounding the source well.

32. The system of claim 30, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the base is formed to include a through hole configured to receive the manifold therein, and wherein the manifold extends through the through hole of the base toward the source well.

33. The system of claim 30, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg are each pivotably coupled to the base to change the manifold support from an in-use mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend outwardly away from the manifold to form an angle between the corresponding first leg, second leg, or third leg and the manifold, and a collapsed-storage mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend along the manifold substantially parallel to the manifold.

34. A subsurface formation testing system comprising: a source well assembly including a first fluid line that extends into a first source well at a testing site including a subsurface formation, a second fluid line that extends into a second source well at the testing site and spaced apart from the first source well, a manifold coupled to the first fluid line and the second fluid line, and a pump, wherein the manifold is configured to direct fluid from the pump through at least one ofthe first fluid line and the second fluid line to adjust fluid levels in the first source well and / or the second source well thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation; a plurality of sensors configured to detect data, the plurality of sensors including a first sensor configured to detect data associated with the first source well, a second sensor configured to detect data associated with the second source well, a third sensor disposed within a first receiver well at the testing site and spaced apart from the first source well, and a fourth sensor disposed within a second receiver well at the testing site and spaced apart from the second source well; and a controller in communication with the source well assembly and the plurality of sensors, the controller configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first source well and / or the second source well, receive pressure data associated with the first receiver well and / or the second receiver well, and create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the pressure data associated with the first receiver well and / or the second receiver well for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation.

35. The system of claim 34, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the first sensor is located at the manifold and positioned external to the first source well, and wherein the second sensor is located at the manifold and positioned external to the second source well.

36. The system of claim 34, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first source well and / or the second source well based, at least in part, on the data received from the first sensor associated with the first source well, the data received from the second sensor associated with the second source well, the pressure data received from the third sensor associated with the first receiver well, and / or the pressure data received from the fourth sensor associated with the second receiver well.

37. The system of claim 34, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pumpand the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the first source well and simultaneously receive the data associated with the first receiver well, the second receiver well, the first source well, and / or the second source well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the first source well.

38. The system of claim 34, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the second source well and simultaneously receive the data associated with the first receiver well, the second receiver well, the first source well, and / or the second source well in response to adjustment of the fluid levels in the second source well.

39. The system of claim 34, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to increase the fluid levels in the first source well based, at least in part, on the data from the first sensor indicative of a fluid level in the first source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the pump to increase the fluid levels in the second source well based, at least in part, on the data from the second sensor indicative of a fluid level in the second source well.

40. The system of claim 34, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the source well assembly further includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the first source well and / or the second source well to adjust the fluid levels in the first source well and / or the second source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system and the manifold to decrease the fluid levels in the first source well based, at least in part, on the data from the first sensor indicative of a fluid level in the first source well, and wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct the vacuum system to decrease the fluid levels in the second source well based, at least in part, on the data from the second sensor indicative of a fluid level in the second source well.

41. The system of claim 34, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, further comprising a manifold support configured to position themanifold relative to the first source well, the manifold support including a base, a first leg coupled to the base, a second leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg, and a third leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg and the second leg.

42. The system of claim 42, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg extend downwardly from the base to contact underlying ground of the testing site surrounding the first source well.

43. The system of claim 42, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the base is formed to include a through hole configured to receive the manifold therein, and wherein the manifold extends through the through hole of the base toward the first source well.

44. The system of claim 42, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg are each pivotably coupled to the base to change the manifold support from an in-use mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend outwardly away from the manifold to form an angle between the corresponding first leg, second leg, or third leg and the manifold, and a col lapsed- storage mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend along the manifold parallel to the manifold.

45. A system comprising: a manifold system configured to be positioned proximate of a source well or zone to inject and extract wellhead fluid pressures within the source well or zone; and wherein the manifold system is configured to inject, maintain, and extract pressure from an individual or multiple source wells or zones; a pump configured to be positioned proximate of the manifold system to extract fluid from and inject fluid into the source well or zone; a data collection system configured to monitor one or more measures indicative of an amount of fluid pressure in the source well or zone or receiver wells; a controller in communication with the manifold system and the data collection system;and wherein the controller is configured to cause the manifold system to inject, maintain, and extract pressure in the source well or zone based on the one or more measures indicative of the amount of fluid pressure and liquid in the source well or zone.

46. The system of claim 45, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the data collection system includes at least one sensor configured to sense a measure related to wellhead or zone pressure in the source well or zone that is located within the source well or zone or within the manifold system.

47. The system of claim 46, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a first sensor configured to remain in the liquid at the source well or zone during pressure changes in source well or zone and a second sensor configured to remain out of the liquid at the source well or zone during changes in the amount of fluid extracted from and injected into the source well or zone.

48. The system of claim 46, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the at least one sensor at the source well is configured to sense a measure related to liquid pressure at the source well.

49. The system of claim 45, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the data collection system includes the ability to collect physical data from sensor(s) at the receiver wells a distance from the source well.

50. The system of claim 45, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the data collection system includes at least one sensor at each of the receiver wells that are spaced a known distance from the source well, the at least one sensor at each of the receiver wells is configured to sense a measure related to pressure changes at the associated receiver well.

51. The system of claim 50, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the data collection system includes at least one sensor at the source well, the at least one sensor at the source well is configured to sense a measure related to fluid injection and extraction rates at the source well that is located within the source well or zone or within the manifold system.

52. The system of claim 45, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is in communication with the manifold system to cause the pump and the manifold system to extract fluid from and inject fluid into the source well or zones at a constant and variable rate.

53. A controller comprising: a processor; an input / output (I / O) port in communication with the processor; and memory configured to store instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to: output a control signal via the I / O port to cause a pump to extract fluid from and inject fluid into a source well or zone at a constant or variable rate; receive via the I / O port sensed values of measures related to pressure in one or more zones or receiver wells spaced from the source well; and process pressure signals from the receiver wells.

54. The controller of claim 53, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured to cause the processor to: receive sensed values of measures related to pressure from in the source well, zones, and receiver wells; and use the sensed values of measures related to pressure in the source well and zones to filter pressure individually generated source well pressure signals from sensed values of measures from the receiver wells.

55. The controller of claim 53, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured to cause the processor to: receive sensed values of measures related to pressure from in the source well, zones, and receiver wells; and use the sensed values of measures related to pressure in the source well and zones to remove noise from sensed values of measures from the receiver wells.

56. The controller of claim 53, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured to cause the processor to adjust the control signal based on the sensed values of measures related to pressure in the one or more source wells, zones and / or receiver wells.

57. The controller of claim 53, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured to cause the processor to output the control signal based on a configuration of the source well relative to the one or more one or more source wells, zones and / or receiver wells.

58. The controller of claim 53, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured to cause the processor to adjust the control signal to cause the manifold system and the pump to extract fluid from and inject fluid into the source well or zones at a constant or variable manner.

59. A subsurface formation testing system comprising: a source well assembly including a fluid line that extends into a source well at a testing site including a subsurface formation, a manifold coupled to the fluid line, and a pump coupled to the manifold, wherein the manifold is configured to direct fluid from the pump through the fluid line to adjust fluid levels in the source well thereby changing pressure within the subsurface formation; at least one sensor configured to detect data, the at least one sensor located at the manifold and positioned external to the source well; and a controller in communication with the source well assembly and the at least one sensor, the controller configured to selectively direct the pump and the manifold to adjust the fluid levels in the source well, receive data associated with the source well, and create records associating information about the directed fluid level adjustments with the data for use in determining physical properties of the subsurface formation.

60. The system of claim 59, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the source well assembly includes a vacuum system configured to selectively extract fluid from the source well to adjust the fluid levels in the source well.

61. The system of claim 60, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the controller is configured to selectively direct thevacuum system and the manifold to decrease the fluid levels in the source well based, at least in part, on the data from the at least one sensor indicative of a fluid level in the source well.

62. The system of claim 59, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a first source sensor located at a first location of the source well assembly and configured to measure one or more features of the source well at a first depth and / or a first zone and a second source sensor located at a second location of the source well assembly and configured to measure one or more features of the source well at a second depth and / or a second zone.

63. The system of claim 59, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, further comprising a manifold support configured to position the manifold relative to the source well, the manifold support including a base, a first leg coupled to the base, a second leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg, and a third leg coupled to the base and spaced apart from the first leg and the second leg.

64. The system of claim 63, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg extend downwardly from the base to contact underlying ground of the testing site surrounding the source well.

65. The system of claim 63, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the base is formed to include a through hole configured to receive the manifold therein, and wherein the manifold extends through the through hole of the base toward the source well.

66. The system of claim 63, any other suitable claim, or any other suitable combination of claims, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg are each pivotably coupled to the base to change the manifold support from an in-use mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend outwardly away from the manifold to form an angle between the corresponding first leg, second leg, or third leg and the manifold, and a col lapsed- storage mode, in which the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg each extend along the manifold parallel to the manifold.

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