Provider edge nodes and methods in a transport network
By exchanging BGP messages with Flex-Algo end SIDs to establish OAM sessions, the method addresses fault detection and switching in Flex-Algo paths, ensuring reliable and scalable service continuity in telecommunication transport networks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/080773
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-11
AI Technical Summary
Existing Flex-Algo algorithms in telecommunication transport networks face challenges in detecting faults in Flex-Algo paths, leading to service disruptions during protocol convergence, especially when Multi-hop-Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) fails to trigger forwarding plane switchover in backup paths, and Flex-Algo end-SID information is not easily obtainable through BGP messages.
Implementing a method where Provider Edge nodes exchange BGP messages containing Flex-Algo end SIDs to establish Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) sessions, enabling automatic detection of faults and switching to backup paths using a new Tag Length Value (TLV) to carry Flex-Algo END-SID information and creating BFD sessions for seamless path protection.
This solution ensures rapid fault detection and minimizes traffic loss by automatically switching to backup paths, enhancing the reliability and scalability of service over Flex-Algo paths.
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Figure CN2024080773_12092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PROVIDER EDGE NODES AND METHODS IN A TRANSPORT NETWORKTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments herein relate to Provider Edge (PE) , nodes, Customer Edge (CE) nodes, and methods performed therein regarding communication in a transport network. Furthermore, a computer program product and a computer readable storage medium are also provided herein. In particular, embodiments herein relate to communication between PE nodes in the establishment of an Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) session related to traffic service between CE nodes.BACKGROUND
[0002] A telecommunication transport network may be defined as the underlying infrastructure responsible for transmitting data, voice, and other forms of communication between various points or nodes in a telecommunications system. A more detailed breakdown of how to define a transport network may e.g. be:
[0003] 1. Infrastructure: The transport network consists of physical components such as cables, fiber optics, transmission towers, satellites, routers, switches, and other networking devices. These components are interconnected to create a network that spans local, regional, national, or even global distances.
[0004] 2. Transmission Medium: The transport network utilizes different transmission mediums to carry communication signals. This can include wired mediums like copper cables, fiber-optic cables, or wireless mediums like radio waves, microwaves, and satellite links.
[0005] 3. Protocols and Technologies: Various networking protocols and technologies are employed within the transport network to ensure efficient and reliable data transmission. These may include IP (Internet Protocol) , MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) , ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) , SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking) , and others.
[0006] 4. Routing and Switching: The transport network uses routing and switching techniques to direct data packets from the source to the destination efficiently. Routers and switches play a crucial role in determining the best path for data transmission and managing traffic across the network.
[0007] 5. Reliability and Performance: A key aspect of the transport network is its reliability and performance. It must be designed to handle high volumes of traffic while ensuring minimal latency, packet loss, and downtime. Redundancy and fault tolerance mechanisms are often implemented to enhance reliability.
[0008] 6. Scalability and Flexibility: The transport network should be scalable to accommodate growth in network traffic and the addition of new services or users. It should also be flexible enough to adapt to changing technology trends and requirements.
[0009] Overall, the telecommunication transport network forms the backbone of modern communication systems, enabling the efficient transmission of data and enabling various services such as internet access, voice calls, video conferencing, and more.
[0010] In a transport network several provider nodes may act as PE nodes, providing connectivity between the transport network and CE nodes, where Figure 1 illustrates part of a transport network 100 with a first, second and third PE node (PE01, PE02, PE03) , and other intermediate nodes (P01, P02, P03, P04, P05, P06, P07) .
[0011] It is possible to establish a communication path between a first CE node (CE01) and a second CE node (CE02) via PE nodes and the transport network 100, and Figure 2 illustrates the establishment of a communication path between CE01 and CE02 via PE01 and PE02 and the transport network 100.
[0012] It is known that different algorithms are used in the establishment of such communication path. One such algorithm is the Flexible Algorithm (Flex-Algo or FA) , which is an extension to the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) , including IS-IS, OSPFv2, and OSPFv3 that enables IGP themselves to compute traffic engineering paths based on various constraints, that may be:
[0013] – Metric type: IGP metric, Traffic Engineering (TE) metric or latency metric
[0014] – Link colour or Shared Risk Link Protocol (SRLG) constraints
[0015] – Avoid node constraints
[0016] This means that Flex-Algo allows operators to create a separate topology and calculate paths with Shortest First Path (SFP) algorithm based on various Metric types and constraints in an IGP.
[0017] Flex-Algo may be applied to Multiple data-planes, such as Segment Routing-Multiprotocol Label Switching (SR-MPLS) , SRv6 or IP.
[0018] Flex-Algo provides a simple solution with separated routing planes, constrained TE paths, and low-delay routes, meeting differentiated requirements of various services in the 5G era.
[0019] Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) is a segment routing paradigm applied to IPv6 data-planes with a new IPv6 extension header called Segment Routing Header (SRH) .
[0020] SRv6 uses IPv6 addresses to represent transport endpoints as well as service instances such as Virtual Private Networks (VPN) .
[0021] This brings in a unique advantage because these service instance identifiers can be advertised as prefixes. It also has the advantage that these service instance identifiers can be easily summarized and improve scalability. SRv6 also has network programming ability. The large IPv6 address space provides flexibility to encode instructions in the destination address.
[0022] SRv6 segments are identified using Segment Identifiers (SIDs) , encoded as IPv6 addresses. An SRv6 SID consists of two parts: Locator and Function. Locator is the first part of a SID that consists of the most significant bits representing the address of a particular SRv6 node. The locator is very similar to a network address that provides a route to its parent node.
[0023] When a flexible algorithm is defined as per network requirements, a locator is specified to be associated with this algorithm.
[0024] Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) detects faults in communication between forwarding engines. Specifically, BFD monitors the IP data protocol connectivity of a path between systems. The path can be a physical or logical link or a tunnel. Two systems establish a BFD session and periodically send BFD Control packets along the path between them. If one system does not receive BFD Control packets within a specified period, the system considers the path faulty. BFD can rapidly detect a fault (if any) and notify the protocol module of the fault, which speeds up route convergence and does forwarding path switchover for minimizing traffic loss.
[0025] There are some problems and limitations with the existing or published technology. Sometimes the Flex-Algo have the same full topology as default Algo 0, and sometimes Flex-Algo have partly the topology of default algo 0.
[0026] The issues of using a case of Service Fast Reroute (FRR) over Flex-Algo path will now be explained with reference to Figure 2.
[0027] · Default algorithm 0 is full topology.
[0028] · FA 128 has a constrains, indicated with a dotted line, so that PE1-P3-P4-PE2 is not a valid path.
[0029] · PE01 support service FRR, with the primary path PE01-PE02 and backup path PE01-PE03, for the service from CE01 to CE02.
[0030] · CE01-CE02 service for enhanced Mobile Broad Band (eMBB) uses default algorithm 0;
[0031] · CE01-CE02 service for Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (uRLLC) uses Flex-Algo 128.
[0032] For default algo 0, there are two primary paths to PE02, a primary path with two Equal Cost Multi Path (ECMP) paths:
[0033] · PE01-P01-P02-PE02
[0034] · PE01-P03-P04-PE02
[0035] and a backup path:
[0036] · PE01-P05-P06-P07-PE03
[0037] For flex-algo, there is one primary path to PE02:
[0038] · PE01-P01-P02-PE02
[0039] and a backup path
[0040] · PE01-P05-P06-P07-PE03
[0041] It is known to use Multi-hop-Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) to detect that PE02 is available through monitoring the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) loopback IPv6 address, it is called as Multi-hop-BFD for BGP. If BFD detect the fault to PE02, it will trigger a forwarding plane switchover to a backup path.
[0042] The monitored destination IP of Multi-hop-BFD for BGP can be received from the next-hop value in BGP Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) message. For one BGP neighbor, the next-hop is usually the BGP neighbor’s IP loopback address. The loopback IPv6 address belongs to default algorithm 0. When a BGP session state is established, the BFD session will launch to monitor, and when BFD has detected a fault, it will trigger forwarding plane switchover for a prefix related with the BFD session.SUMMARY
[0043] As part of developing embodiments herein, the inventors identified some problems that first will be described with reference to Figure 2.
[0044] If PE01-P01-P02-PE02 path is down, the default algorithm 0 still have Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) PE01-P03-P04-PE02. The multi-hop-bfd does not detect the fault. It does not trigger forwarding plane switchover to the backup path. However, if PE01-P01-P02-PE02 path is down, Flex-Algo 128 have no ECMP path in its primary path. The service FRR is not triggered by BFD for BGP, and the uRLLC service will be lost during slow protocol convergence. So, the legacy BFD for BGP is insufficient for Flex-Algo.
[0045] For monitoring Flex-Algo path available, it should usually create a BFD session to monitor Flex-Algo end-SID. However, one BGP neighbor can be related with multiple Flex-Algo for one node. Every Flex-Algo for one node usually have one end-SID which is auto allocated by vendors. The end-SID format is different for different vendors, it is even hidden in some network scenario, like inter-area redistribution / Summarization. Thus, operators cannot get Flex-Algo End SID information in any BGP message. Known ways to manually configure the BFD session is not feasible in operation perspective. Hence, it is difficult to create BFD session for monitored Flex-Algo end-SID and create a relationship between BFD session with traffic prefix.
[0046] An object of embodiments herein is to enable the protection of a service over a Flex-Algo path by service FRR by the utilization of a BGP message to carry related Flex-algo END-SID information to a BGP peer and trigger end-to-end BFD session on a network slice.
[0047] According to an aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by a method performed by a first Provider Edge node (PE1) . The method is for establishing an Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) session. The OAM, session is related to traffic service between a first Customer Edge node (CE1) , and a second Customer Edge node (CE2) . The traffic service relates to data traffic via a Flex-Algo, path from PE1 to a second Provider Edge node (PE2) in a transport network.
[0048] The PE1 sends a first BGP message to PE2. The first BGP message comprises a first Flex-Algo end SID.
[0049] The PE1 obtains a second BGP message from PE2. The second BGP message comprises a second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0050] An OAM session is established over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 and PE2, based on the first Flex-Algo end SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID,
[0051] The PE1 monitors the Flex-Algo path towards the PE2 of the created session. When PE1 identifies a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards the PE2, PE1 initiates a switch of the data traffic to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 and a third Provider Edge node (PE3) .
[0052] According to an aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by a first Provider Edge node (PE1) adapted to establish an OAM session related to traffic service between a first Customer Edge node (CE1) and a second Customer Edge node (CE2) . The traffic service relates to data traffic via a Flex-Algo path from PE1 to a second Provider Edge node (PE2) in a transport network.
[0053] PE1 is adapted to send a first BGP message to PE2. The first BGP message comprises a first Flex-Algo end SID.
[0054] PE1 is adapted to obtain a second BGP message from PE2, which second BGP message comprises a second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0055] PE1 is adapted to establish an OAM session over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 and PE2, based on the first Flex-Algo END SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0056] PE1 is adapted to monitor the Flex-Algo path towards the PE2 of the created session, and when identifying a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards the PE2, PE1 is adapted to initiate a switch of the data traffic to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 and a third Provider Edge node (PE3) .
[0057] According to a further aspect of embodiments herein the PE1 is further being adapted to notify a protocol module of the BGP of the identified fault, thereby initiating the switch of the data traffic to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 and PE3.
[0058] According to further aspects of embodiments herein the object is achieved by a first computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform actions according to the above-mentioned method performed by the PE1.
[0059] According to further aspects of embodiments herein the object is achieved by a first carrier comprising the computer program related to the method performed by the PE1, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, a magnetic signal, an electric signal, a radio signal, a microwave signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.
[0060] According to an aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by a method performed by a second Provider Edge node (PE2) to establish an OAM session related to traffic service between a first Customer Edge node (CE1) and a second Customer Edge node (CE2) . The traffic service relates to data traffic via a Flex-Algo path from a first Provider Edge node (PE1) to PE2, in a transport network.
[0061] The PE2 obtains a first BGP message from PE1, which first BGP message comprises a first Flex-Algo end SID.
[0062] The PE2 sends a second BGP message to PE1, which second BGP message comprises a second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0063] The PE2 establishes an OAM session over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 and PE2, based on the first Flex-Algo end SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0064] When PE1 has identified a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards the second Flex-Algo end-SID, PE2 loses the Flex-Algo path between PE1 and PE2, wherein the Flex-Algo path is switched to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 and a third Provider Edge node (PE3) .
[0065] According to an aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by a second Provider Edge node (PE2) adapted to establish an OAM session related to traffic service between a first Customer Edge node (CE1) and a second Customer Edge node (CE2) .
[0066] The traffic service relates to data traffic via a Flex-Algo path from a first Provider Edge node (PE1) to PE2 in a transport network.
[0067] The PE2 is adapted to obtain a first BGP message from PE1, which first BGP message comprises a first Flex-Algo end SID.
[0068] The PE2 is adapted to send a second BGP message to PE1, which second BGP message comprises a second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0069] The PE2 is adapted to establish an OAM session over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 and PE2, based on the first Flex-Algo end SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0070] The PE2 is adapted to lose the Flex-Algo path between PE1 and PE2 when PE1 has identified a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards the second Flex-Algo end-SID, wherein the Flex-Algo path is switched to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 and a third Provider Edge node (PE3) .
[0071] According to further aspects of embodiments herein the object is achieved by a second computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform actions according to the above-mentioned method performed by the PE2.
[0072] According to further aspects of embodiments herein the object is achieved by a second carrier comprising the computer program related to the method performed by the PE2, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, a magnetic signal, an electric signal, a radio signal, a microwave signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.
[0073] Embodiments herein may provide one or more of the following advantages:
[0074] They support that service over Flex-Algo path can be protected by service FRR to minimize traffic loss.
[0075] The proposed embodiments are scalable and easy to operate.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0076] Examples of embodiments herein are described in more detail with reference to attached drawings in which:
[0077] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating embodiments of a transport network.
[0078] Figure 2 is an illustration of a default Algo0 path and a Flex-Algo path.
[0079] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method herein.
[0080] Figure 4 is an illustration of an embodiment of a method herein.
[0081] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example embodiment of a method herein.
[0082] Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram illustrating embodiments of first Provider Edge node.
[0083] Figure 7 is a schematic block diagram illustrating embodiments of a second Provider Edge node.
[0084] Figure 8 schematically illustrates embodiments of a communication system.
[0085] Figure 9 is a generalized block diagram of embodiments of a UE.
[0086] Figure 10 is a generalized block diagram of embodiments of a network node.
[0087] Figure 11 is a generalized block diagram of embodiments of a host.
[0088] Figure 12 is a generalized block diagram of embodiments of a virtualization environment.
[0089] Figure 13 is a generalized block diagram of embodiments of a communication diagram of a host.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0090] Aspects of embodiments herein relate to internet protocol multimedia subsystem nodes, packet switched core network nodes and methods in a transport network.
[0091] One aspect of embodiments herein proposes that a new Tag Length Value (TLV) is added in an BGP message to carry related Flex-algo END-SID information, and that a general Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) mechanism to fast detect a network failure, such as BFD session, is automatically created to detect Flex-Algo locator reachability, which triggers forwarding path switchover for minimizing traffic loss. A Flex-algo END-SID information comprises locator and function.
[0092] A number of embodiments will now be described, some of which may be seen as alternatives, while some may be used in combination.
[0093] One aspect of embodiments herein will be described with reference to Figures 3 and 4, which provides a method performed by the PE1 121. The method is for establishing an OAM session related to traffic service between a first Customer Edge node, (CE1) , 111, and a second Customer Edge node (CE2) 112.
[0094] The OAM session may e.g. be a BFD session.
[0095] The traffic service relates to data traffic via a Flexible Algorithm (Flex-Algo) path from PE1 121, to a second Provider Edge node (PE2) 122, in a transport network 100.
[0096] Action 301. The PE1 121 sends 13 a first BGP message to PE2 122. The first BGP message comprises a first Flex-Algo end SID.
[0097] Action 302. The PE1 121 obtains 14 a second BGP message from PE2 122. The second BGP message comprises a second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0098] Action 303. The PE1 121 establishes an OAM session over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 121 and PE2 122. The OAM session is based on the first Flex-Algo END SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0099] Action 304. The PE1 121 monitors the Flex-Algo path towards PE2 122 of the created session.
[0100] Action 305. When the PE1 121 identifies a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards PE2 122, then, Action 306, The PE1 initiates a switch of the data traffic to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 121 and a third Provider Edge node (PE3) 123.
[0101] Action 307. Another aspect of embodiments herein proposes that the PE1 121 notifies a protocol module of the BGP of the identified fault, thereby initiating the switching 306 of the data traffic to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 121 and PE3 123.
[0102] The OAM session is set up between PE1 and PE2, hence another aspect of embodiments herein proposes a method performed by PE2 122 to establish an OAM session related to traffic service between CE1 111, and CE2 112. The traffic service relates to data traffic via a Flexible Algorithm, Flex-Algo, path from PE1 121 to PE2 122 in a transport network 100.
[0103] Action 401. The PE2 obtains 13 a first BGP message from PE1 121. The first BGP message comprises a first Flex-Algo end SID,
[0104] Action 402. The PE2 sends 14 a second BGP message to PE1 121. The second BGP message comprises a second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0105] Action 403. The PE2 establishes 403 an OAM session over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 121 and PE2 122. The OAM session is based on the first Flex-Algo end SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0106] Action 404. The PE2 loses the Flex-Algo path between PE1 121 and PE2 122 when PE1 has identified a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards the second Flex-Algo end-SID. The Flex-Algo path is switched to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 121 and a third Provider Edge node, PE3 123.
[0107] In this way by using the methods above, the OAM session can be created automatically according to the Flex-Algo end SID. Then, the service over Flex-Algo path FRR can be based on the OAM session.
[0108] Aspects of embodiments herein also relates to the PE1 121, adapted to establish an OAM session related to traffic service between the CE1 111, and the CE2 112. The traffic service relates to data traffic via a Flex-Algo path from PE1 121 to a PE2 122 in the transport network 100.
[0109] Adaptation 301. The PE1 is adapted to send a first BGP message 13 to PE2 122. The first BGP message 13 comprises a first Flex-Algo end SID.
[0110] Adaptation 302. The PE1 is adapted to obtain a second BGP message 14 from PE2 122. The second BGP message 14 comprises a second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0111] Adaptation 303. The PE1 is adapted to establish an OAM session over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 121 and PE2 122. The AOM session is based on the first Flex-Algo END SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID,
[0112] Adaptation 304. The PE1 is adapted to monitor the Flex-Algo path towards the PE2 122 of the created session.
[0113] Adaptation 305. The PE1 121 is adapted to identify a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards PE2 122.
[0114] Adaptation 306. The PE1 is adapted to initiate a switch of the data traffic to a backup Flex-Algo path when a fault has been identified. The backup Flex-Algo path is between PE1121 and a third Provider Edge node, PE3, 123.
[0115] Adaptation 307. Aspects of embodiments herein relates to that the PE1 121 is adapted to notify a protocol module of the BGP of the identified fault, thereby initiating the switch 306 of the data traffic to the backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 121 and PE3 123.
[0116] The OAM session is set up between PE1 and PE2, hence another aspect of embodiments herein proposes that a second Provider Edge node, PE2 122 is adapted to establish an OAM session related to traffic service between CE1 111 and CE2 112, The traffic service relates to data traffic via a Flexible Algorithm, Flex-Algo, path from PE1 121 to PE2 122 in a transport network 100.
[0117] Adaptation 401. The PE2 is adapted to obtain a first BGP message 13 from PE1 121. The first BGP message comprises a first Flex-Algo end SID.
[0118] Adaptation 402. The PE2 is adapted to send a second BGP message 14 to PE1 121. The second BGP message comprises a second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0119] Adaptation 403. The PE2 is adapted to establish an OAM session over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 121 and PE2 122, The OAM session is based on the first Flex-Algo END SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID.
[0120] Adaptation 404. The PE2 is adapted to lose the Flex-Algo path between PE1 121 and PE2 122 when PE1 has identified a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards the second Flex-Algo end-SID. The Flex-Algo path is switched to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 121 and a third Provider Edge node, PE3, 123.
[0121] Figure 6 illustrates that through further aspects of embodiments herein the object is achieved by a first computer program 630 comprising instructions, which when executed by a processor 610, causes the processor 610 to perform actions according to the above-mentioned method performed by the PE1 121.
[0122] According to further aspects of embodiments herein the object is achieved by a first carrier 640 comprising the computer program 630 related to the method performed by the PE1 121. The carrier 640 is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, a magnetic signal, an electric signal, a radio signal, a microwave signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.
[0123] Figure 7 illustrates that through further aspects of embodiments herein the object is achieved by a second computer program 730 comprising instructions, which when executed by a processor 710, causes the processor 710 to perform actions according to the above-mentioned method performed by the PE2 122.
[0124] According to further aspects of embodiments herein the object is achieved by a second carrier 740 comprising the computer program 730 related to the method performed by the PE2 122. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, a magnetic signal, an electric signal, a radio signal, a microwave signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.
[0125] Embodiments herein such as the embodiments mentioned above will now be further described and exemplified with reference to Figure 4. The text below is applicable to and may be combined with any suitable embodiment described above.
[0126] Analysis BGP NLRI advertisement
[0127] When PE1 121, also called an ingress Provider Edge node, is enabled for BGP Services over the SRv6 data plane, it signals 301 a message 13 with one or more SRv6 Service SIDs enclosed in an SRv6 Service TLV (s) within the BGP Prefix-SID attribute attached to Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP) Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) .
[0128] When PE2 122, also called an egress Provider Edge node, receives the message 13 with the BGP advertisement, PE2 122 adds the route.
[0129] Flex-Algo auto route.
[0130] A CE1 to CE2 traffic service is automatically routed based on service SID. If the service is routed to a Flex-Algo path, the service SID locator may be the Flex-Algo locator.Create BFD sessions.
[0131] According to aspects of embodiments herein a general OAM mechanism may be automatically created to fast detect network failure, i.e., multi-hop BFD sessions, seamless BFD, or other.
[0132] The process may need to be executed on both nodes of the BGP session, where the BGP advertise the Flex-Algo end-SID information to a neighbour. It may be implemented through adding new sub TLV.
[0133] This may be done through the following messages:
[0134] 1 BGP advertisement example:
[0135] Path Attribute –MP_REACH_NLRI
[0136] AFI / SAFI : 1 / 128 (IPv6-VPN)
[0137] Next hop: PE2
[0138] Service SID: FlexAlgo locator: : VRF_id
[0139] Locator End-SID: Flex-Algo locator: : 1 / *new added for automatic BFD. * /
[0140] 2 Automatic routing:
[0141] Prefix-->ServiceSID-->Flex-Algo local route
[0142] 3 BFD session on PE1:
[0143] Destination IP: PE2 Flex-Algo 128 End-SID
[0144] Source IP: PE1 Flex-Algo 128 End-SID
[0145] 3 BFD session on PE2:
[0146] Destination IP: PE1 Flex-Algo 128 End-SID
[0147] Source IP: PE2 Flex-Algo 128 End-SID
[0148] 4 FRR key: Flex-Algo locator
[0149] FRR path:
[0150] - Primary path: PE1-P1-P2-PE2
[0151] - Backup path: PE1-P5-P6-P7-PE3
[0152] An example of the BGP message formation is given in Figure 5.
[0153] One aspect of embodiments herein supports to set an on-off for BFD session for Flex-Algo locator. It is proposed that if the on-off is on, then BFD sessions are automatically created to monitor these Flex-Algo end-SIDs. BFD destination IP address may be the peer Flex-Algo end-SID. BFD Source IP address local Flex-Algo end-SID.
[0154] Build relationship of BFD and Service FRR
[0155] Different aspects of embodiments herein propose that:
[0156] - a VPN service prefix may be advertised from different remote PE. The paths to different PE may form FRR. VPN service prefix may be resolute to the Service FRR. The path to PE2 is the primary path. The path to PE3 is the backup path. An FRR forwarding table may be setup in the forwarding plane.
[0157] - a VPN service prefix route may be recursive to a flex-algo locator since the locator part of the service SID equals the locator part of the flex-algo end-SID of the primary path. The service traffic may be auto routed to the flex-algo path of primary path.
[0158] - a BFD session may be created to monitor the flex-algo end-SID (BFD destination IP address) in the above step. When the BFD session detected the fault to the Flex-Algo end-SID of primary path, it will notify the control plane protocol to do convergence and notify the forwarding plane to do switchover. The service traffic will be steered to the backup path.
[0159] Embodiments herein may be implemented through a respective processor or one or more processors, such as the respective processor 610 of a processing circuitry in the first Provider Edge Node, PE1, 121 depicted in Figure 6, and processor 710 of a processing circuitry in the second Provider Edge Node, PE2, 122 depicted in Figure 7 together with respective computer program code for performing the functions and actions of the embodiments herein. The program code mentioned above may also be provided as a computer program product, 630, 730, for instance in the form of a data carrier 640, 740, carrying computer program code for performing the embodiments herein when being loaded into the respective memory 620, 720, of PE1 121 and PE2 122. One such carrier may be in the form of a CD ROM disc. It is however feasible with other data carriers such as a memory stick. The computer program code may furthermore be provided as pure program code on a server and downloaded to the respective PE1 121 and PE2 122.
[0160] PE1 and PE2 may further comprise a respective memory 620 and memory 720 comprising one or more memory units. The respective memory 620 and memory 720 comprises instructions executable by the processor in the respective PE1 121 and PE2 122. The respective memory 620 and memory 720 are arranged to be used to store e.g., media functions, indications, tags, information, data, configurations, communication data, and applications to perform the methods herein when being executed in the respective PE1 121 and PE2 122.
[0161] In some embodiments, a respective computer program 630 and computer program 730 comprises instructions, which when executed by the respective at least one processor 610 and processor 710, cause the at least one processor of respective PE1 121 and PE2 122 to perform the actions above.
[0162] In some embodiments, a respective carrier 640 and carrier 740 comprises the respective computer program 630 and computer program 730, wherein the respective carrier 640 and carrier 740 is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, a magnetic signal, an electric signal, a radio signal, a microwave signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.
[0163] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that units in the respective PE1 121 and PE2 122 described above may refer to a combination of analog and digital circuits, and / or one or more processors configured with software and / or firmware, e.g. stored in the respective PE1 121 and PE2 122, that when executed by the respective one or more processors such as the processors described above. One or more of these processors, as well as the other digital hardware, may be included in a single Application-Specific Integrated Circuitry ASIC, or several processors and various digital hardware may be distributed among several separate components, whether individually packaged or assembled into a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) .
[0164] ADDITIONAL EXPLANATION
[0165] Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.
[0166] Figure 8 shows an example of a communication system QQ100 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0167] In the example, the communication system QQ100 includes a telecommunication network QQ102 that includes an access network QQ104, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network QQ106, which includes one or more core network nodes QQ108. The access network QQ104 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes QQ110a and QQ110b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes QQ110) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points. Moreover, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunication network QQ102 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunication network QQ102 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any node in the telecommunication network QQ102, including one or more network nodes QQ110 and / or core network nodes QQ108.
[0168] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) . The network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an A1, F1, W1, E1, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN access node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies. The network nodes QQ110 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE) , such as by connecting UEs 121, QQ112a, QQ112b, QQ112c, and QQ112d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs QQ112) to the core network QQ106 over one or more wireless connections.
[0169] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system QQ100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system QQ100 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0170] The UEs QQ112 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes QQ110 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes QQ110 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs QQ112 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network QQ102 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network QQ102.
[0171] In the depicted example, the core network QQ106 connects the network nodes QQ110 to one or more hosts, such as host QQ116. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network QQ106 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node QQ108) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node QQ108. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0172] The host QQ116 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network QQ104 and / or the telecommunication network QQ102, and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host QQ116 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0173] As a whole, the communication system QQ100 of Figure 8 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
[0174] In some examples, the telecommunication network QQ102 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network QQ102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network QQ102. For example, the telecommunications network QQ102 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0175] In some examples, the UEs QQ112 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network QQ104 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network QQ104. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0176] In the example, the hub QQ114 communicates with the access network QQ104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE QQ112c and / or QQ112d) and network nodes (e.g., network node QQ110b) . In some examples, the hub QQ114 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub QQ114 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network QQ106 for the UEs. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes QQ110, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub QQ114. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub QQ114 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub QQ114 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub QQ114 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0177] The hub QQ114 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node QQ110b. The hub QQ114 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub QQ114 and UEs (e.g., UE QQ112c and / or QQ112d) , and between the hub QQ114 and the core network QQ106. In other examples, the hub QQ114 is connected to the core network QQ106 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub QQ114 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network QQ104 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes QQ110 while still connected via the hub QQ114 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub QQ114 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node QQ110b. In other embodiments, the hub QQ114 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node QQ110b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0178] Figure 9 shows a UE QQ200 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0179] A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0180] The UE QQ200 includes processing circuitry QQ202 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ204 to an input / output interface QQ206, a power source QQ208, a memory QQ210, a communication interface QQ212, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in Figure 9. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
[0181] The processing circuitry QQ202 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory QQ210. The processing circuitry QQ202 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry QQ202 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
[0182] In the example, the input / output interface QQ206 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE QQ200. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
[0183] In some embodiments, the power source QQ208 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source QQ208 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source QQ208 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE QQ200 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source QQ208. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source QQ208 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE QQ200 to which power is supplied.
[0184] The memory QQ210 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory QQ210 includes one or more application programs QQ214, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data QQ216. The memory QQ210 may store, for use by the UE QQ200, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0185] The memory QQ210 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory QQ210 may allow the UE QQ200 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory QQ210, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
[0186] The processing circuitry QQ202 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface QQ212. The communication interface QQ212 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna QQ222. The communication interface QQ212 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter QQ218 and / or a receiver QQ220 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter QQ218 and receiver QQ220 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna QQ222) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
[0187] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface QQ212 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
[0188] Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface QQ212, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
[0189] As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
[0190] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) , a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE QQ200 shown in Figure 9.
[0191] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0192] In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
[0193] Figure 10 shows a network node QQ300 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
[0194] Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0195] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0196] The network node QQ300 includes a processing circuitry QQ302, a memory QQ304, a communication interface QQ306, and a power source QQ308. The network node QQ300 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node QQ300 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components) , one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node QQ300 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory QQ304 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna QQ310 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node QQ300 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node QQ300, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node QQ300.
[0197] The processing circuitry QQ302 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node QQ300 components, such as the memory QQ304, to provide network node QQ300 functionality.
[0198] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and baseband processing circuitry QQ314. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and the baseband processing circuitry QQ314 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry QQ312 and baseband processing circuitry QQ314 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0199] The memory QQ304 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry QQ302. The memory QQ304 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry QQ302 and utilized by the network node QQ300. The memory QQ304 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry QQ302 and / or any data received via the communication interface QQ306. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ302 and memory QQ304 is integrated.
[0200] The communication interface QQ306 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between a network node, access network, and / or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface QQ306 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) QQ316 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface QQ306 also includes radio front-end circuitry QQ318 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna QQ310. Radio front-end circuitry QQ318 comprises filters QQ320 and amplifiers QQ322. The radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may be connected to an antenna QQ310 and processing circuitry QQ302. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna QQ310 and processing circuitry QQ302. The radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters QQ320 and / or amplifiers QQ322. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna QQ310. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna QQ310 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry QQ318. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry QQ302. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0201] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node QQ300 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry QQ318, instead, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna QQ310. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry QQ312 is part of the communication interface QQ306. In still other embodiments, the communication interface QQ306 includes one or more ports or terminals QQ316, the radio front-end circuitry QQ318, and the RF transceiver circuitry QQ312, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface QQ306 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry QQ314, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0202] The antenna QQ310 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna QQ310 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry QQ318 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna QQ310 is separate from the network node QQ300 and connectable to the network node QQ300 through an interface or port.
[0203] The antenna QQ310, communication interface QQ306, and / or the processing circuitry QQ302 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna QQ310, the communication interface QQ306, and / or the processing circuitry QQ302 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0204] The power source QQ308 provides power to the various components of network node QQ300 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source QQ308 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node QQ300 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node QQ300 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source QQ308. As a further example, the power source QQ308 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0205] Embodiments of the network node QQ300 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 10 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node QQ300 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node QQ300 and to allow output of information from the network node QQ300. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node QQ300.
[0206] Figure 11 is a block diagram of a host QQ400, which may be an embodiment of the host QQ116 of Figure 11, in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, the host QQ400 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and / or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm. The host QQ400 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.
[0207] The host QQ400 includes processing circuitry QQ402 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ404 to an input / output interface QQ406, a network interface QQ408, a power source QQ410, and a memory QQ412. Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Figures QQ2 and QQ3, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host QQ400.
[0208] The memory QQ412 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs QQ414 and data QQ416, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host QQ400 or data generated by the host QQ400 for a UE. Embodiments of the host QQ400 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown. The host application programs QQ414 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC) , High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) , Advanced Video Coding (AVC) , MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) , MPEG, G. 711) , including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems) . The host application programs QQ414 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host QQ400 may select and / or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE. The host application programs QQ414 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) , Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) , Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) , etc.
[0209] Figure 12 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment QQ500 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments QQ500 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment QQ500 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface.
[0210] Applications QQ502 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
[0211] Hardware QQ504 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers QQ506 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VMs QQ508a and QQ508b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs QQ508) , and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer QQ506 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs QQ508.
[0212] The VMs QQ508 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer QQ506. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance QQ502 may be implemented on one or more of VMs QQ508, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
[0213] In the context of NFV, a VM QQ508 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs QQ508, and that part of hardware QQ504 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs QQ508 on top of the hardware QQ504 and corresponds to the application QQ502.
[0214] Hardware QQ504 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware QQ504 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware QQ504 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration QQ510, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications QQ502. In some embodiments, hardware QQ504 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system QQ512 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
[0215] Figure 13 shows a communication diagram of a host QQ602 communicating via a network node QQ604 with a UE QQ606 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments. Example implementations, in accordance with various embodiments, of the UE (such as a UE QQ112a of Figure 8 and / or UE QQ200 of Figure 9) , network node (such as network node QQ110a of Figure 8 and / or network node QQ300 of Figure 10) , and host (such as host QQ116 of Figure 8 and / or host QQ400 of Figure 11) discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to Figure 13.
[0216] Like host QQ400, embodiments of host QQ602 include hardware, such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory. The host QQ602 also includes software, which is stored in or accessible by the host QQ602 and executable by the processing circuitry. The software includes a host application that may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as the UE QQ606 connecting via an over-the-top (OTT) connection QQ650 extending between the UE QQ606 and host QQ602. In providing the service to the remote user, a host application may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection QQ650.
[0217] The network node QQ604 includes hardware enabling it to communicate with the host QQ602 and UE QQ606. The connection QQ660 may be direct or pass through a core network (like core network QQ106 of Figure 8) and / or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks. For example, an intermediate network may be a backbone network or the Internet.
[0218] The UE QQ606 includes hardware and software, which is stored in or accessible by UE QQ606 and executable by the UE’s processing circuitry. The software includes a client application, such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE QQ606 with the support of the host QQ602. In the host QQ602, an executing host application may communicate with the executing client application via the OTT connection QQ650 terminating at the UE QQ606 and host QQ602. In providing the service to the user, the UE's client application may receive request data from the host's host application and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection QQ650 may transfer both the request data and the user data. The UE's client application may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides to the host application through the OTT connection QQ650.
[0219] The OTT connection QQ650 may extend via a connection QQ660 between the host QQ602 and the network node QQ604 and via a wireless connection QQ670 between the network node QQ604 and the UE QQ606 to provide the connection between the host QQ602 and the UE QQ606. The connection QQ660 and wireless connection QQ670, over which the OTT connection QQ650 may be provided, have been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host QQ602 and the UE QQ606 via the network node QQ604, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.
[0220] As an example of transmitting data via the OTT connection QQ650, in step QQ608, the host QQ602 provides user data, which may be performed by executing a host application. In some embodiments, the user data is associated with a particular human user interacting with the UE QQ606. In other embodiments, the user data is associated with a UE QQ606 that shares data with the host QQ602 without explicit human interaction. In step QQ610, the host QQ602 initiates a transmission carrying the user data towards the UE QQ606. The host QQ602 may initiate the transmission responsive to a request transmitted by the UE QQ606. The request may be caused by human interaction with the UE QQ606 or by operation of the client application executing on the UE QQ606. The transmission may pass via the network node QQ604, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. Accordingly, in step QQ612, the network node QQ604 transmits to the UE QQ606 the user data that was carried in the transmission that the host QQ602 initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step QQ614, the UE QQ606 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executed on the UE QQ606 associated with the host application executed by the host QQ602.
[0221] In some examples, the UE QQ606 executes a client application which provides user data to the host QQ602. The user data may be provided in reaction or response to the data received from the host QQ602. Accordingly, in step QQ616, the UE QQ606 may provide user data, which may be performed by executing the client application. In providing the user data, the client application may further consider user input received from the user via an input / output interface of the UE QQ606. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE QQ606 initiates, in step QQ618, transmission of the user data towards the host QQ602 via the network node QQ604. In step QQ620, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the network node QQ604 receives user data from the UE QQ606 and initiates transmission of the received user data towards the host QQ602. In step QQ622, the host QQ602 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the UE QQ606.
[0222] One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE QQ606 using the OTT connection QQ650, in which the wireless connection QQ670 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve the latency and thereby provide benefits such as reduced user waiting time.
[0223] In an example scenario, factory status information may be collected and analyzed by the host QQ602. As another example, the host QQ602 may process audio and video data which may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating maps. As another example, the host QQ602 may collect and analyze real-time data to assist in controlling vehicle congestion (e.g., controlling traffic lights) . As another example, the host QQ602 may store surveillance video uploaded by a UE. As another example, the host QQ602 may store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR or AR which it can broadcast, multicast or unicast to UEs. As other examples, the host QQ602 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time critical electrical load to balance power generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams etc. from data collected from remote devices) , or any other function of collecting, retrieving, storing, analyzing and / or transmitting data.
[0224] In some examples, a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection QQ650 between the host QQ602 and UE QQ606, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and / or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection may be implemented in software and hardware of the host QQ602 and / or UE QQ606. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT connection QQ650 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of the OTT connection QQ650 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not directly alter the operation of the network node QQ604. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like, by the host QQ602. The measurements may be implemented in that software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection QQ650 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.
[0225] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
[0226] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
[0227] When using the word "comprise" or “comprising” it shall be interpreted as non-limiting, i.e. meaning "consist at least of" .
[0228] The embodiments herein are not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Various alternatives, modifications and equivalents may be used.
[0229] Abbreviations Flex-Algo Flexible Algorithm SRv6 Segment Routing over IPv6 BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection FRR Fast Reroute BGP Border Gateway Protocol NLRI Network Layer Reachability Information SID Segment IDentifyer TLV Tag Length Value OAM Operation, Administration and Maintanance CE Consumer Edge PE Provider Edge
Claims
1.A method performed by a first Provider Edge node, PE1, (121) , to establish an Operation, Administration and Maintenance, OAM, session, related to traffic service between a first Customer Edge node, CE1, (111) , and a second Customer Edge node, CE2, (112) , which traffic service relate to data traffic via a Flexible Algorithm, Flex-Algo, path from PE1 (121) to a second Provider Edge node, PE2, (122) , in a transport network (100) , comprising:sending (301) a first Border Gateway Protocol, BGP, message to PE2 (122) , which first BGP message comprises a first Flex-Algo end Segment Identifier, SID,obtaining (302) a second BGP message from PE2 (122) , which second BGP message comprises a second Flex-Algo end SID,establishing (303) an OAM session, over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and PE2 (122) , based on the first Flex-Algo END SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID,monitoring (304) the Flex-Algo path towards PE2 (122) of the created session, andwhen identifying (305) a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards PE2 (122) , initiating a switch (306) of the data traffic to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and a third Provider Edge node, PE3, (123) .2.The method according to claim 1, further comprising:notifying (307) a protocol module of the BGP of the identified fault, thereby initiating the switching (306) of the data traffic to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and PE3 (123) .3.A first Provider Edge node, PE1, (121) , adapted to establish an Operation, Administration and Maintenance, OAM, session, related to traffic service between a first Customer Edge node, CE1, (111) , and a second Customer Edge node, CE2, (112) which traffic service relate to data traffic via a Flexible Algorithm, Flex-Algo, path from PE1 (121) to a second Provider Edge node, PE2, (122) , in a transport network (100) , wherein PE1 is adapted to:send (301) a first Border Gateway Protocol, BGP, message to PE2 (122) , which first BGP message comprises a first Flex-Algo end Segment Identifier, SID,obtain (302) a second BGP message from PE2 (122) , which second BGP message comprises a second Flex-Algo end SID,establish (303) an OAM session, over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and PE2 (122) , based on the first Flex-Algo END SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID,monitor (304) the Flex-Algo path towards PE2 (122) of the created session, andwhen identifying (305) a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards PE2 (122) , initiate a switch (306) of the data traffic to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and a third Provider Edge node, PE3, (123) .4.The first Provider Edge node, PE1, (121) according to claim 3, further being adapted to:notify (307) a protocol module of the BGP of the identified fault, thereby initiating the switch (306) of the data traffic to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and PE3 (123) .5.A first computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform actions according to any of the claims 1 and 2.6.A first carrier comprising the computer program of claim 5, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, a magnetic signal, an electric signal, a radio signal, a microwave signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.7.A method performed by a second Provider Edge node, PE2, (122) , to establish an Operation, Administration and Maintenance, OAM, session, related to traffic service between a first Customer Edge node, CE1 (111) , and a second Customer Edge node, CE2, (112) , which traffic service relate to data traffic via a Flexible Algorithm, Flex-Algo, path from a first Provider Edge node, PE1, (121) , to PE2, (122) in a transport network (100) , comprising:obtaining (401) a first Border Gateway Protocol, BGP, message from PE1 (121) , which first BGP message comprises a first Flex-Algo end SID,sending (402) a second BGP message to PE1 (121) , which second BGP message comprises a second Flex-Algo end Segment Identifier, SID,establishing (403) an OAM session over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and PE2 (122) , based on the first Flex-Algo END SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID, andwhen PE1 has identified a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards the second Flex-Algo end-SID, losing (404) the Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and PE2 (122) , wherein the Flex-Algo path is switched to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and a third Provider Edge node, PE3, (123) .8.A second Provider Edge node, PE2, (122) , adapted to establish an Operation, Administration and Maintenance, OAM, session, related to traffic service between a first Customer Edge node, CE1, (111) , and a second Customer Edge node, CE2, (112) which traffic service relate to data traffic via a Flexible Algorithm, Flex-Algo, path from a first Provider Edge node, PE1, (121) to PE2, (122) in a transport network (100) , wherein PE2 is adapted to:obtain (401) a first Border Gateway Protocol, BGP, message from PE1 (121) , which first BGP message comprises a first Flex-Algo end SID,send (402) a second BGP message to PE1 (121) , which second BGP message comprises a second Flex-Algo end Segment Identifier, SID,establish (403) an OAM session over the Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and PE2 (122) , based on the first Flex-Algo END SID and the second Flex-Algo end SID, andlose (404) the Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and PE2 (122) when PE1 has identified a fault in the Flex-Algo path towards the second Flex-Algo end-SID, wherein the Flex-Algo path is switched to a backup Flex-Algo path between PE1 (121) and a third Provider Edge node, PE3, (123) .9.A second computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform actions according to claim 7.10.A second carrier comprising the computer program of claim 9, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, a magnetic signal, an electric signal, a radio signal, a microwave signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.
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