Genetically modified non-human animal with human or chimeric genes
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/081345
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-01-21
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-02
AI Technical Summary
Traditional drug research and development methods using in vitro and in vivo animal models fail to accurately replicate human disease states and interactions, leading to high failure rates and increased costs due to the lack of a suitable body environment for drug screening and evaluation.
Development of genetically modified non-human animals expressing human or chimeric IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and/or IL23R proteins, which can be used for drug screening, pharmacodynamics studies, and treatment of immune-related diseases and cancers, providing a more accurate model for human antibody screening and evaluation.
The animal models enhance the efficiency and reduce the cost of drug development by offering a more accurate representation of human disease states and interactions, facilitating the development and design of new drugs and therapies.
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Figure CN2025081345_02102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
GENETICALLY MODIFIED NON-HUMAN ANIMAL WITH HUMAN OR CHIMERIC GENES
[0001] CLAIM OF PRIORITY
[0002] This application claims the benefit of Chinese Patent Application App. No. 202410266881.5, filed on March 08, 2024, Chinese Patent Application App. No. 202410742436.1, filed on June 07, 2024, Chinese Patent Application App. No. 202411131695.7, filed on August 16, 2024, Chinese Patent Application App. No. 202411426464.9, filed on October 12, 2024 , and Chinese Patent Application App. No. 202510094101.8, filed on January 21, 2025 The entire contents of the foregoing applications are incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] This disclosure relates to genetically modified animal expressing human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R, and methods of use thereof.BACKGROUND
[0004] The traditional drug research and development typically use in vitro screening approaches. However, these screening approaches cannot provide the body environment (such as tumor microenvironment, stromal cells, extracellular matrix components and immune cell interaction, etc. ) , resulting in a higher rate of failure in drug development. In addition, in view of the differences between humans and animals, the test results obtained from the use of conventional experimental animals for in vivo pharmacological test may not reflect the real disease state and the interaction at the targeting sites, resulting in that the results in many clinical trials are significantly different from the animal experimental results.
[0005] Therefore, the development of humanized animal models that are suitable for human antibody screening and evaluation will significantly improve the efficiency of new drug development and reduce the cost for drug research and development.SUMMARY
[0006] This disclosure is related to an animal model with human or chimeric IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R. The animal model can express human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R proteins in its body. It can be used in the studies on the function of IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R genes, and can be used in the screening and evaluation of antibodies or drugs targeting IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R. In addition, the animal models prepared by the methods described herein can be used in drug screening, pharmacodynamics studies, treatments for immune-related diseases, and cancer therapies; they can also be used to facilitate the development and design of new drugs, and save time and cost. In summary, this disclosure provides a powerful tool for studying the function of IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R proteins and a platform for screening drugs.
[0007] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises at least one chromosome comprising a sequence encoding a human or humanized interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta-1 (IL12RB1) .
[0008] In some embodiments, the human or humanized IL12RB1 comprises a human or humanized extracellular domain.
[0009] In some embodiments, the human or humanized IL12RB1 comprises an endogenous signal peptide.
[0010] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or humanized IL12RB1 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus in the at least one chromosome.
[0011] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1 comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0012] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1 comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to amino acids 1-549 of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0013] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1 comprises a sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11.
[0014] In some embodiments, the animal is a mammal, e.g., a monkey, a rodent, a mouse, or a rat. In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse.
[0015] In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB1 or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB1 as compared to IL12RB1 expression level in a wild-type animal.
[0016] In some embodiments, the animal has one or more cells expressing human or humanized IL12RB1.
[0017] In some embodiments, the expressed human or humanized IL12RB1 is functional and can interact with a human, humanized, or endogenous Interleukin 12 (IL12) to transmit signals.
[0018] In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the human or humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the signal peptide of human IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 2) .
[0019] In some embodiments, the extracellular domain of the human or humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that has at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, or 522 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the extracellular domain of human IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 24-545 of SEQ ID NO: 2) .
[0020] In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain of the human or humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the transmembrane domain of human IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 546-570 of SEQ ID NO: 2) .
[0021] In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region of the human or humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, or 147 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the cytoplasmic region of endogenous IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 592-738 of SEQ ID NO: 1) .
[0022] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal, wherein the genome of the animal comprises a replacement of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB1 at an endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus.
[0023] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB1 locus, and one or more cells of the animal expresses a human or humanized IL12RB1.
[0024] In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB1 or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB1 as compared to the IL12RB1 expression level in a wild-type animal.
[0025] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 comprises a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB1 gene.
[0026] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 comprises at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, or 1647 bp of a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB1 gene.
[0027] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 (e.g., mouse IL12RB1) comprises a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene.
[0028] In some embodiments, the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus.
[0029] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method for making a genetically-modified, non-human animal, comprising: replacing in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus, a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB1.
[0030] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16, or a part thereof, of a human IL12RB1 gene.
[0031] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 comprises a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of a human IL12RB1 gene.
[0032] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 encodes amino acids 1-549 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0033] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16, or a part thereof, of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene.
[0034] In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse, and the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 comprises a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene.
[0035] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises at least one chromosome comprising a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2.
[0036] In some embodiments, the human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises a human or humanized extracellular domain.
[0037] In some embodiments, the human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises an endogenous cytoplasmic domain.
[0038] In some embodiments, the human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises an human or humanized transmembrane domain or an endogenous transmembrane domain.
[0039] In some embodiments, the human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises an human or humanized signal peptide or an endogenous signal peptide.
[0040] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or humanized IL12RB2 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus in the at least one chromosome.
[0041] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0042] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to amino acids 24-623 or amino acids 1-640 of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0043] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises a sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 56.
[0044] In some embodiments, the animal is a mammal, e.g., a monkey, a rodent, a mouse, or a rat. In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse.
[0045] In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB2 or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB2 as compared to IL12RB2 expression level in a wild-type animal.
[0046] In some embodiments, the animal has one or more cells expressing human or humanized IL12RB2.
[0047] In some embodiments, the expressed human or humanized IL12RB2 is functional and can interact with a human IL2 molecule to transmit signals.
[0048] In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the human or humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the signal peptide of human IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 13) .
[0049] In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the human or humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the signal peptide of endogenous IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 12) .
[0050] In some embodiments, the extracellular region of the human or humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that has at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 450, 500, 550, or 599 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the extracellular region of human IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 24-622 of SEQ ID NO: 13) .
[0051] In some embodiments, the transmembrane region of the human or humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the transmembrane region of human IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 623-643 of SEQ ID NO: 13) .
[0052] In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region of the human or humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, or 216 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the cytoplasmic region of endogenous IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 659-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12) .
[0053] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal, wherein the genome of the animal comprises a replacement of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB2 at an endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus.
[0054] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB2 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB2 locus, and one or more cells of the animal expresses a human or humanized IL12RB2.
[0055] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB2 comprises a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB2 gene.
[0056] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB2 comprises at least 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, or 2370 bp of a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB2 gene.
[0057] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 (e.g., mouse IL12RB2) comprises a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.
[0058] In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB2 or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB2 as compared to IL12RB2 expression level in a wild-type animal.
[0059] In some embodiments, the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus.
[0060] In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse.
[0061] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a non-human animal whose genome comprises an insertion of a sequence encoding a human or chimeric IL12RB2.
[0062] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or chimeric IL12RB2 is inserted into exon 2 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.
[0063] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL12RB2 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus.
[0064] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL12RB2 comprises a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB2 gene.
[0065] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL12RB2 comprises a portion of exon 13, and exons 14-16 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.
[0066] In some embodiments, the animal further comprises a deletion of a region of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.
[0067] In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB2 or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB2 as compared to IL12RB2 expression level in a wild-type animal.
[0068] In some embodiments, the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus.
[0069] In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse.
[0070] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method for making a genetically-modified, non-human animal, comprising: replacing in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus, a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB2.
[0071] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB2 comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, or a part thereof of a human IL12RB2 gene.
[0072] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB2 comprises at least 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, or 2370 nucleotides of a human IL12RB2 gene.
[0073] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, or a part thereof of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.
[0074] In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse, and the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 comprises at least 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, or 1965 nucleotides of a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 the endogenous mouse IL12RB2 gene.
[0075] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises at least one chromosome comprising a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R.
[0076] In some embodiments, the human or humanized IL23R comprises an human or humanized extracellular domain.
[0077] In some embodiments, the human or humanized IL23R comprises an endogenous transmembrane domain and / or an endogenous cytoplasmic domain.
[0078] In some embodiments, the human or humanized IL23R comprises an endogenous signal peptide.
[0079] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or humanized IL23R is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL23R gene locus in the at least one chromosome.
[0080] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to amino acids 27-353 of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59.
[0081] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R comprises a sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 78.
[0082] In some embodiments, the animal is a mammal, e.g., a monkey, a rodent, a mouse, or a rat.
[0083] In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse.
[0084] In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous IL23R or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL23R as compared to IL23R expression level in a wild-type animal.
[0085] In some embodiments, the animal has one or more cells expressing human or humanized IL23R.
[0086] In some embodiments, the expressed human or humanized IL23R is functional and can interact with a human interleukin 23 (IL23) molecule to transmit signals.
[0087] In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the human or humanized IL23R has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the signal peptide of endogenous IL23R (e.g., amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 27) .
[0088] In some embodiments, the extracellular region of the human or humanized IL23R has a sequence that has at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 310, 320, 330, or 332 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the extracellular region of human IL23R (e.g., amino acids 24-355 of SEQ ID NO: 59) .
[0089] In some embodiments, the transmembrane region of the human or humanized IL23R has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the transmembrane region of endogenous IL23R (e.g., amino acids 375-395 of SEQ ID NO: 27) .
[0090] In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region of the human or humanized IL23R has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, or 249 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the cytoplasmic region of endogenous IL23R (e.g., amino acids 396-644 of SEQ ID NO: 27) .
[0091] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal, wherein the genome of the animal comprises a replacement of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL23R with a sequence encoding a humanized IL23R at an endogenous IL23R gene locus.
[0092] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL23R locus, and one or more cells of the animal expresses a humanized IL23R.
[0093] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9 of the human IL23R gene.
[0094] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, or 981 bp of a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9 of the human IL23R gene.
[0095] In some embodiments, the animal comprises exon 1, exon 2, a portion of exon 3, a portion of exon 9, and exons 10-11 of the endogenous IL23R gene.
[0096] In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous IL23R or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL23R as compared to IL23R expression level in a wild-type animal.
[0097] In some embodiments, the animal has one or more cells expressing a humanized IL23R having all or part of the signal peptide, all or part of the extracellular region, all or part of the transmembrane region, and / or all or part of the cytoplasmic region of human IL23R.
[0098] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises at least 50 bp of exon 3, exons 4-8, and at least 5 bp of exon 9 of human IL23R gene.
[0099] In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse.
[0100] In some embodiments, the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL23R gene locus.
[0101] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a non-human animal whose genome comprises an insertion of a sequence encoding a human or chimeric IL23R.
[0102] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or chimeric IL23R is inserted into exon 3 of the endogenous IL23R gene.
[0103] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL23R is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL23R gene locus.
[0104] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL23R comprises a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9 of the human IL23R gene.
[0105] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL23R comprises a portion of exon 2, a portion of exon 3, a portion of exon 9, and exons 10-11 of the endogenous IL23R gene.
[0106] In some embodiments, the animal further comprises a deletion of a region of the endogenous IL23R gene.
[0107] In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous IL23R or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL23R as compared to IL23R expression level in a wild-type animal.
[0108] In some embodiments, the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL23R gene locus.
[0109] In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse.
[0110] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method for making a genetically-modified, non-human animal, comprising: replacing in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous IL23R gene locus, a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL23R with a sequence encoding a humanized IL23R.
[0111] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, or a part thereof of a human IL23R gene.
[0112] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises at least 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 950, or 981 nucleotides of a human IL23R gene.
[0113] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, or a part thereof of the endogenous IL23R gene.
[0114] In some embodiments, the animal comprises exon 1, exon 2, a portion of exon 3, a portion of exon 9, and exons 10-11 of the endogenous IL23R gene.
[0115] In some embodiments, the animal further a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2.
[0116] In some embodiments, the animal further a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R.
[0117] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a transgenic animal that comprises (1) a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1, (2) a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2, and (3) a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R.
[0118] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a transgenic animal that comprises one or more sequences selected from the group consisting of: a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1, a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2, and / or a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R.
[0119] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a transgenic animal that comprises (1) a human or humanized IL12RB1 gene, (2) a human or humanized IL12RB2 gene, and (3) a human or humanized IL23R gene.
[0120] In some embodiments, the animal further comprises a sequence encoding an additional human or humanized protein.
[0121] In some embodiments, the animal further comprises a sequence encoding an additional human or humanized T cell receptor (TCR) alpha chain, TCR beta chain, TCR gamma chain, TCR delta chain, CD3γ, CD3δ, CD3ε, CD3ζ, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) , programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) , Interleukin 10 Receptor Subunit Alpha (IL10RA) , and / or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) ; preferably the animal further comprises a sequence encoding an human or humanized PD-1.
[0122] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for treating an allergic disorder (e.g., allergy, asthma, and / or atopic dermatitis) , comprising: administering the therapeutic agent to the animal described herein, wherein the animal has the allergic disorder; and determining effects of the therapeutic agent in treating the allergic disorder.
[0123] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for reducing an inflammation (e.g., skin inflammation or infection) , comprising: administering the therapeutic agent to the animal described herein, wherein the animal has the inflammation; and determining effects of the therapeutic agent for reducing the inflammation.
[0124] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for treating an immune disorder, comprising: administering the agent to the animal described herein, wherein the animal has the immune disorder; and determining effects of the therapeutic agent for treating the immune disorder.
[0125] In some embodiments, the immune disorder is an autoimmune disease, e.g., graft versus host disease (GVHD) , psoriasis, allergy, asthma, myocarditis, nephritis, hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, hyperthyroidism, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune liver disease, diabetes, pain or neurological disorders.
[0126] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for treating a cancer, comprising: administering the therapeutic agent to the animal described herein, wherein the animal has the cancer; and determining inhibitory effects of the therapeutic agent for treating the cancer.
[0127] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of an anti-IL12RB1 antibody, an anti-IL12RB2 antibody, and an anti-IL23R antibody.
[0128] In some embodiments, the cancer is a tumor, and determining the inhibitory effects of the treatment involves measuring the tumor volume in the animal.
[0129] In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from the greoup consisting of rectal cancer, hepatobiliary cancer, solid tumors, haematological tumors, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer.
[0130] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a protein comprising an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is one of the following: an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11, 21, 56, or 78; an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%identical to SEQ ID NO: 11, 21, 56, or 78; an amino acid sequence that is at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 11, 21, 56, or 78; an amino acid sequence that is different from the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11, 21, 56, or 78 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 amino acid; and an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one, two, three, four, five or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11, 21, 56, or 78.
[0131] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence is one of the following: a sequence that encodes the protein described herein; any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3-10, 14-20, 22-24, 48-49, 51-55, 67-77, and 79-80; a sequence that is at least 90%identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3-10, 14-20, 22-24, 48-49, 51-55, 67-77, and 79-80; and a sequence that is at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3-10, 14-20, 22-24, 48-49, 51-55, 67-77, and 79-80.
[0132] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a cell comprising the protein described herein and / or the nucleic acid described herein.
[0133] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an animal comprising the protein described herein and / or the nucleic acid described herein.
[0134] The disclosure further relates to the use of the non-human mammal or an offspring thereof, or the tumor bearing non-human mammal, the animal model generated through the method as described herein in the development of a product related to an immunization processes of human cells, the manufacture of a human antibody, or the model system for a research in pharmacology, immunology, microbiology and medicine.
[0135] The disclosure also relates to the use of the non-human mammal or an offspring thereof, or the tumor bearing non-human mammal, the animal model generated through the method as described herein in the production and utilization of an animal experimental disease model of an immunization processes involving human cells, the study on a pathogen, or the development of a new diagnostic strategy and / or a therapeutic strategy.
[0136] The disclosure further relates to the use of the non-human mammal or an offspring thereof, or the tumor bearing non-human mammal, the animal model generated through the methods as described herein, in the screening, verifying, evaluating or studying the IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R gene functions, human IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R antibodies, and drugs for immune-related diseases and antitumor drugs.
[0137] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Methods and materials are described herein for use in the present invention; other, suitable methods and materials known in the art can also be used. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. All publications, patent applications, patents, sequences, database entries, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.
[0138] Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and figures, and from the claims.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0139] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing mouse and human IL12RB1 gene loci (not to scale) .
[0140] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary IL12RB1 gene targeting strategy with an exemplary targeting vector V1 design (not to scale) .
[0141] FIGs. 3A-3B show the PCR identification results of F1 generation IL12RB1 gene humanized mice. WT is the wild-type control. PCR primer pairs include WT-F / WT-R (FIG. 3A) and WT-F / Mut-R (FIG. 3B) . H2O is water as a control. M is the marker.
[0142] FIG. 4 shows RT-PCR detection results of mouse IL12RB1 (mIL12RB1) and human IL12RB1 (hIL12RB1) in thymus (upper) and spleen (lower) . + / + represents wild-type C57BL / 6 mice, and H / + represents IL12RB1 gene humanized heterozygous mice. H2O is water as a control.
[0143] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing mouse and human IL12RB2 gene loci (not to scale) .
[0144] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary IL12RB2 gene targeting strategy with an exemplary targeting vector V2 design (not to scale) .
[0145] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary IL12RB2 gene targeting strategy with an exemplary targeting vector V3 design (not to scale) .
[0146] FIG. 8 shows the Southern Blot results of F1 generation IL12RB1 gene humanized mice (V1) . WT is the wild-type control.
[0147] FIG. 9 shows the RT-PCR identification results. WT represents wild-type C57BL / 6 mice. H / + represents IL12RB2 gene humanized heterozygous mice. H2O is water as a control.
[0148] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary IL12RB2 gene targeting strategy with an exemplary targeting vector V4 design (not to scale) .
[0149] FIG. 11 shows the Southern Blot results of F1 generation IL12RB2 gene humanized mice (V2) . WT is the wild-type control.
[0150] FIG. 12 shows the RT-PCR identification results. WT represents wild-type C57BL / 6 mice. H / + represents IL12RB2 gene humanized heterozygous mice. H2O is water as a control.
[0151] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing mouse and human IL23R gene loci (not to scale) .
[0152] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary IL23R gene targeting strategy with an exemplary targeting vector V5 design (not to scale) .
[0153] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary IL23R gene targeting strategy with an exemplary targeting vector V6 design (not to scale) .
[0154] FIGs. 16A-16B show ELISA results of mouse expression after the stimulation of human IL12 (hIL12) (FIG. 16A) or mouse IL12 (mIL12) (FIG. 16B) . WT represents wild-type C57BL / 6 mice. H / +; H / + represents IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 gene humanized heterozygous mice.
[0155] FIGs. 17A-17B show ELISA results of mouse expression after the stimulation of mIL12) (FIG. 17A) or hIL12 (FIG. 17B) . WT represents wild-type C57BL / 6 mice. IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 represents IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 gene humanized homozygous mice. IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus represents IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus humanized homozygous mice.
[0156] FIG. 18A shows the changes of mouse body weight.
[0157] FIG. 18B shows the changes of mouse liver to body weight ratio.
[0158] FIG. 18C shows the changes of mouse spleen to body weight ratio.
[0159] FIGs. 19A-19C show mouse serum test results. FIG. 19A shows the concentration of mIFNγ in serum; FIG. 19B shows the level of ALT in mouse serum. FIG. 19C shows the level of AST in mouse serum.
[0160] FIGs. 20A-20C show changes in body weight, and liver and spleen to body weight ratios in IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 mice and IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus mice. FIG. 20A shows body weight changes (%) ; FIG. 20B shows liver to body weight ratio (%) ; and FIG. 20C shows spleen to body weight ratio (%) .
[0161] FIGs. 21A-21C show mouse serum test results of IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 mice and IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus mice. FIG. 21A shows the concentration of mIFNγ in serum; FIG. 21B shows the level of ALT in mouse serum. FIG. 21C shows the level of AST in mouse serum.
[0162] FIG. 22 shows ELISA results of mouse expression after the stimulation of hIL12 and mIL12. + / + represents wild-type C57BL / 6 mice. H / H represents IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 gene humanized heterozygous mice.
[0163] FIGs. 23A-23B show PCR identification results of the F1 generation of IL23R gene humanized mice, where PC is the positive heterozygous control, WT is the wild-type control, and H2O is the water control.
[0164] FIGs. 24A-24B show RT-PCR detection results. FIG. 24A shows the IL12RB1 detection results, and FIG. 24B shows the IL23R detection results. + / + represents wild-type C57BL / 6 mice, H / H represents IL23R / IL12RB1 double gene humanized mouse homozygotes, and H2O is the water control.
[0165] FIGs. 25A-25B show tumor size data. MC38 mouse colon cancer cells were implanted into IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double gene humanized homozygous mice, and recombinant human IL12 (hIL12) was used for anti-tumor efficacy testing. FIG. 25A shows the tumor volume in experimental animals, and FIG. 25B shows the body weight of experimental animals.
[0166] FIG. 26 shows detection results of mIFNγ concentration in the serum of IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 mice.
[0167] FIG. 27 shows body weight changes in IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 mice.
[0168] FIGs. 28A-28D show liver and spleen to body weight ratios and liver function results in IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 mice. FIG. 28A shows the liver to body weight ratio, FIG. 28B shows the spleen to body weight ratio, FIG. 28C shows the serum AST levels, and FIG. 28D shows the serum ALT levels. AST stands for aspartate aminotransferase, and ALT stands for alanine aminotransferase.
[0169] FIG. 29 shows IL17A ELISA detection results.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0170] This disclosure relates to transgenic non-human animal with human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R, and methods of use thereof. IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and IL23R play important roles in immune disorders and cancers. Antibodies targeting the IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R can be potentially used as therapies for treating immune disorders or cancers.
[0171] Experimental animal models are an indispensable research tool for studying the effects of therapeutic agents (e.g., antibodies targeting IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R) . Common experimental animals include mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, dogs, monkeys, pigs, fish and so on. However, there are many differences between human and animal genes and protein sequences, and many human proteins cannot bind to the animal’s homologous proteins to produce biological activity, leading to that the results of many clinical trials do not match the results obtained from animal experiments. A large number of clinical studies are in urgent need of better animal models. With the continuous development and maturation of genetic engineering technologies, the use of human cells or genes to replace or substitute an animal’s endogenous similar cells or genes to establish a biological system or disease model closer to human, and establish the humanized experimental animal models (humanized animal model) has provided an important tool for new clinical approaches or means. In this context, the genetically engineered animal model, that is, the use of genetic manipulation techniques, the use of human normal or mutant genes to replace animal homologous genes, can be used to establish the genetically modified animal models that are closer to human gene systems. The humanized animal models have various important applications. For example, due to the presence of human or humanized genes, the animals can express or express in part of the proteins with human functions, so as to greatly reduce the differences in clinical trials between humans and animals, and provide the possibility of drug screening at animal levels.
[0172] Unless otherwise specified, the practice of the methods described herein can take advantage of the techniques of cell biology, cell culture, molecular biology, transgenic biology, microbiology, recombinant DNA and immunology. These techniques are explained in detail in the following literature, for examples: Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., ed. By Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: 1989) ; DNA Cloning, Volumes I and II (D.N. Glovered., 1985) ; Oligonucleotide Synthesis (M.J. Gaited., 1984) ; Mullisetal U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,195; Nucleic Acid Hybridization (B.D. Hames&S.J. Higginseds. 1984) ; Transcription And Translation (B.D. Hames&S.J. Higginseds. 1984) ; Culture Of Animal Cell (R.I. Freshney, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1987) ; Immobilized Cells And Enzymes (IRL Press, 1986) ; B. Perbal, A Practical Guide To Molecular Cloning (1984) , the series, Methods In ENZYMOLOGY (J. Abelson and M. Simon, eds. -in-chief, Academic Press, Inc., New York) , specifically, Vols. 154 and 155 (Wuetal. eds. ) and Vol. 185, “Gene Expression Technology” (D. Goeddel, ed. ) ; Gene Transfer Vectors For Mammalian Cells (J.H. Miller and M.P. Caloseds., 1987, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) ; Immunochemical Methods In Cell And Molecular Biology (Mayer and Walker, eds., Academic Press, London, 1987) ; Hand book Of Experimental Immunology, Volumes V (D.M. Weir and C.C. Blackwell, eds., 1986) ; and Manipulating the Mouse Embryo, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1986) ; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0173] IL12RB1
[0174] Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit (IL12RB1) is a subunit of the interleukin 12 receptor. The IL-12 receptor consists of two subunits. IL12-receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1) is encoded on chromosome 19 and has a molecular weight of 100 kDa. It is a transmembrane protein with the extracellular domain consisting of 516 amino acids that is responsible for the interaction with IL-12p40. Consistently, it is also part of the receptor for IL-23, where it pairs with IL-23R. The gene for IL-12Rβ2 is located on chromosome 1 and is translated to a 130 kDa transmembrane protein, with 595 amino acids forming the extracellular domain. Signal transduction into the cell derives from IL-12Rβ2, which interacts with IL-12p35 and is, thus, in combination with glycoprotein 130 (gp130) , also part of the IL-35 receptor.
[0175] Interleukin-12 (IL-12) named a whole family of cytokines. In response to pathogens, the heterodimeric protein, consisting of the two subunits p35 and p40, is secreted by phagocytic cells. Binding of IL-12 to the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) on T and natural killer (NK) cells leads to signaling via signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and subsequent interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and secretion. Signaling downstream of IFN-γ includes activation of T-box transcription factor TBX21 (Tbet) and induces pro-inflammatory functions of T helper 1 (TH1) cells, thereby linking innate and adaptive immune responses.
[0176] Interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 (IL12 / 23) are proinflammatory cytokines that contribute to multiple aspects of human immunity. Far from being restricted to humans, the proinflammatory properties of IL12 / IL23 have been conserved throughout evolution, as phylogenetically diverse vertebrates express IL12 / IL23 in response to their natural pathogens. Among human bacterial pathogens, the modulation of IL12 / IL23 expression is largely associated with species’ Gram staining characteristics. The activities of IL12 / IL23 are dependent on IL12Rβ1, a type 1 transmembrane receptor that physically associates with the p40-domain common to both IL12 / IL23 and promotes their respective signaling pathways. Encoded by the gene IL12RB1, IL12Rβ1 physically associates with IL12 and IL23 and signals in complex with IL12Rβ2 or IL23R, respectively. The extracellular portion of IL12Rβ1 contains the cytokine-binding region essential for physical association with IL12 / IL23, whereas the cytoplasmic portion acts in concert with IL-12Rβ2 / IL-23R to transmit intracellular signals via the pre-associated kinases TYK2 and JAK2. Solidifying IL12RB1’s association with protective immune responses, individuals who are homozygous for IL12RB1null alleles are susceptible to persistent forms of several diseases, including tuberculosis, salmonellosis and candidiasis.
[0177] Interleukin-12 (IL12) is a type 1 cytokine that is produced by antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages and CD1c + Dendritic Cells, and acts upon Natural Killer (NK) cells, CD8+Cytotoxic T cells, and IL12RB2+ T helper cells. Originally called Natural Killer cell stimulating factor, IL12 promotes the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and CD8+ T cells and promotes polarization of IL12RB2+ T cells towards a type 1 phenotype. In humans, genetic mutations in IL12p40 and one component of the IL12 receptor, IL12RB1, have been observed in patients with recurrent mycobacterial disease, suggestive of insufficient type 1 cell-mediated immunity. In mice, genetic deletion of other component of the IL12 receptor, IL12RB2, increases susceptibility to spontaneous autoimmunity, B-cell malignancies, and lung carcinomas.
[0178] Interleukin-12 plays multiple roles within the local tumor microenvironment to sustain an anti-tumor response but malignant cells evolve mechanisms to suppress the local activity of IL12. IL12 is secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells and acts on Natural Killer (NK) cells, IL12RB2+ T helper cells, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells to promote an anti-tumor immune response by enhancing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytotoxic T cell activity. Effective anti-tumor immunity is also associated with local proliferation of CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Immune cell proliferation also diminishes the cellular response imprinted by IL12 stimulation, which suggests that local IL12 may help sustain the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. As a result of somatic evolution, the B16F0 model for melanoma has evolved multiple mechanisms to suppress the bioactivity of IL12. B16F0 cells over express one component of the IL12 receptor, IL12RB2, to form a local cytokine sink. B16F0 cells secrete WISP1, which is a paracrine inhibitor of IL12 bioactivity, and exosomes. B16F0 exosomes contain IL12RB2, which can contribute to the cytokine sink, and deliver an immunosuppressive payload to suppress the proliferation of CD8+ T cells. As B16F0 exosomes are around 160 nm in size, they are likely to accumulate within the local tumor microenvironment.
[0179] A detailed description of IL12RB1 and its function can be found, e.g., in Klinke, David J. "Enhancing the discovery and development of immunotherapies for cancer using quantitative and systems pharmacology: Interleukin-12 as a case study. " Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer 3.1 (2015) : 27; Robinson, Richard T. "IL12Rβ1: the cytokine receptor that we used to know. " Cytokine 71.2 (2015) : 348-359; Lu, Xinjie. "Impact of IL-12 in Cancer. " Current cancer drug targets 17.8 (2017) : 682-697, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0180] In the human genome, the IL12RB1 gene (NCBI Gene ID: 3594, UniProt ID: P24701) , located on chromosome 19 (NC_000019.10) from positions 18058994 to 18099027, contains 17 exons: exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, and exon 17. Based on transcript NM_005535.3 and its encoded protein NP_005526.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) , the corresponding positions of the protein domains in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences are as follows:
[0181] Table 1
[0182] In the mouse genome, the IL12RB1 gene (NCBI Gene ID: 16161, UniProt ID: Q60837) , located on chromosome 8 (NC_000074.7) from positions 71261005 to 71276186, contains 16 exons: exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and exon 16. Based on transcript NM_008353.2 and its encoded protein NP_032379.2 (SEQ ID NO: 1) , the corresponding positions of the protein domains in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences are as follows:
[0183] Table 2
[0184] The IL12RB1 gene, protein, and gene loci in other species are also known in the field. For example, in Rattus norvegicus (rat) , Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) , Canis lupus familiaris (dog) , and Sus scrofa (pig) , relevant information such as intron sequences, exon sequences, and amino acid sequences can be found in NCBI. All of this information is incorporated herein by reference.
[0185] FIG. 1 shows the alignment between human IL12RB1 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) and mouse IL12RB1 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) . Thus, the corresponding amino acid residue or region between human and mouse IL12RB1 can be found in FIG. 1.
[0186] The present disclosure provides human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB1 nucleotide sequence and / or amino acid sequences. In some embodiments, the entire sequence of mouse exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 are replaced by the corresponding human sequence. In some embodiments, a “region” or “portion” of mouse exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 are replaced by the corresponding human sequence. The term “region” or “portion” can refer to at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 610, 620, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300 or 2317 nucleotides, or at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 730, or 738 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the “region” or “portion” can be at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16. In some embodiments, a region, a portion, or the entire sequence of mouse exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 (e.g., a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13 and a portion of exon 14) are replaced by a region, a portion, or the entire sequence of the human exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16 and / or exon 17 (e.g., a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13 and a portion of exon 14) .
[0187] In some embodiments, a “region” or “portion” of the signal peptide, extracellular region, transmembrane region, cytoplasmic region, exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 is deleted.
[0188] In some embodiments, the present disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises a chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB1 nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB1 nucleotide sequence encodes a IL12RB1 protein comprising a signal peptide, an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises all or part of human IL12RB1 signal peptide. In some embodiments, the extracellular region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 24-545 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the extracellular region comprises all or part of human IL12RB1 extracellular region. In some embodiments, the transmembrane region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 566-591 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the transmembrane region comprises all or part of endogenous IL12RB1 transmembrane region. In some embodiments, the transmembrane region comprises at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 amino acids at the N-terminus of endogenous IL12RB1 transmembrane region. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 592-738 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region comprises all or part of endogenous IL12RB1 cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the genome of the animal comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3-10.
[0189] In some embodiments, the present disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises a chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB1 nucleotide sequence.
[0190] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified non-human animal described herein comprises a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1 protein. In some embodiments, the IL12RB1 protein comprises, from N-terminus to C-terminus, a signal peptide, an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises a human or humanized signal peptide. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises an endogenous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises a human or humanized extracellular region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises an endogenous extracellular region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises a human or humanized transmembrane region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises an endogenous transmembrane region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises a human or humanized cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises an endogenous cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises an endogenous signal peptide, a human or humanized extracellular region, a human or humanized transmembrane region, and an endogenous cytoplasmic region.
[0191] In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 1-549 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 571-738 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the animal comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 3-10.
[0192] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified non-human animal described herein comprises a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1 protein. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises a human or humanized signal peptide. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises an endogenous sequence that corresponds to amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises an endogenous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 protein comprises an endogenous sequence that corresponds to amino acids 1-19 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0193] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified non-human animal described herein comprises a human or humanized IL12RB1 gene. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 gene comprises 16 exons. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 gene comprises a humanized exon 1, human exons 2-13, and a humanized exon 14. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 gene comprises human or humanized 5’ UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 gene comprises human or humanized 3’ UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 gene comprises endogenous 5’ UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 gene comprises endogenous 3’ UTR.
[0194] Thus, in some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB1 nucleotide sequence and / or amino acid sequences, wherein in some embodiments, at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%of the sequence are identical to or derived from mouse IL12RB1 mRNA sequence, mouse IL12RB1 amino acid sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1) , or a portion thereof (e.g., a portion of exon 1, a portion of exon 14, exon 15, exon 16) ; and in some embodiments, at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%of the sequence are identical to or derived from human IL12RB1 mRNA sequence, human IL12RB1 amino acid sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 2) , or a portion thereof (e.g., a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13 and a portion of exon 14) .
[0195] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding amino acids 1-570 of mouse IL12RB1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) is replaced. In some embodiments, the sequence is replaced by a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 1-549 of human IL12RB1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) ) .
[0196] In some embodiments, the nucleic acids as described herein are operably linked to a promotor or regulatory element, e.g., an endogenous mouse IL12RB1 promotor, an inducible promoter, an enhancer, and / or mouse or human regulatory elements.
[0197] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, or 2317 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that are different from part of or the entire mouse IL12RB1 nucleotide sequence (e.g., a portion of exon 1, exons 1-13, and a portion of exon 14) .
[0198] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, or 2317 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that is the same as part of or the entire mouse IL12RB1 nucleotide sequence (e.g., a portion of exon 1, a portion of exon 14, exons 15-16) .
[0199] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, or 2097 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that is different from part of or the entire human IL12RB1 nucleotide sequence (e.g., a portion of exon 1, a portion of exon 14, exons 15-16) .
[0200] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 620, 625, 626, 627, 630, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, or 2097 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that is the same as part of or the entire human IL12RB1 nucleotide sequence (e.g., a portion of exon 1, exons 1-13, and a portion of exon 14) .
[0201] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, or 738 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is different from part of or the entire mouse IL12RB1 amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 1-570 of SEQ ID NO: 1) .
[0202] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, or 738 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is the same as part of or the entire mouse IL12RB1 amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 571-738) .
[0203] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, or 662 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is different from part of or the entire human IL12RB1 amino acid sequence.
[0204] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, or 662 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is the same as part of or the entire human IL12RB1 amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 1-549 of SEQ ID NO: 2) .
[0205] The present disclosure also provides a humanized IL12RB1 mouse amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of:
[0206] a) an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 11;
[0207] b) an amino acid sequence having a homology of at least 90%with or at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 11;
[0208] c) an amino acid sequence encoded by a nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is able to hybridize to a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 11 under a low stringency condition or a strict stringency condition;
[0209] d) an amino acid sequence having a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 11;
[0210] e) an amino acid sequence that is different from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 11 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; or
[0211] f) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 11.
[0212] The present disclosure also provides a humanized IL12RB1 amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of:
[0213] a) all or part of amino acids 1-549 of SEQ ID NO: 2;
[0214] b) an amino acid sequence have a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%to amino acids 1-549 of SEQ ID NO: 2;
[0215] c) an amino acid sequence that is different from amino acids 1-549 of SEQ ID NO: 2 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; and
[0216] d) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to amino acids 1-549 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0217] The present disclosure also relates to a IL12RB1 nucleic acid (e.g., DNA or RNA) sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence can be selected from the group consisting of:
[0218] a) a nucleic acid sequence as shown in Any one of SEQ ID NO: 3-10, or a nucleic acid sequence encoding a homologous IL12RB1 amino acid sequence of a humanized mouse IL12RB1;
[0219] b) a nucleic acid sequence that is able to hybridize to the nucleotide sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 3-10 under a low stringency condition or a strict stringency condition;
[0220] c) a nucleic acid sequence that has a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 3-10;
[0221] d) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence has a homology of at least 90%with or at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 11;
[0222] e) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence has a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%with, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 11;
[0223] f) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is different from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 11 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; and / or
[0224] g) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 11.
[0225] IL12RB2
[0226] Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2 subunit (IL12RB2) is a subunit of the interleukin 12 receptor.
[0227] The IL-12 receptor consists of two subunits. IL12-receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1) is encoded on chromosome 19 and has a molecular weight of 100 kDa. It is a transmembrane protein with the extracellular domain consisting of 516 amino acids that is responsible for the interaction with IL-12p40. Consistently, it is also part of the receptor for IL-23, where it pairs with IL-23R. The gene for IL-12Rβ2 is located on chromosome 1 and is translated to a 130 kDa transmembrane protein, with 595 amino acids forming the extracellular domain. Signal transduction into the cell derives from IL-12Rβ2, which interacts with IL-12p35 and is, thus, in combination with glycoprotein 130 (gp130) , also part of the IL-35 receptor.
[0228] Interleukin-12 (IL-12) named a whole family of cytokines. In response to pathogens, the heterodimeric protein, consisting of the two subunits p35 and p40, is secreted by phagocytic cells. Binding of IL-12 to the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) on T and natural killer (NK) cells leads to signaling via signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and subsequent interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and secretion. Signaling downstream of IFN-γ includes activation of T-box transcription factor TBX21 (Tbet) and induces pro-inflammatory functions of T helper 1 (TH1) cells, thereby linking innate and adaptive immune responses.
[0229] Interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 (IL12 / 23) are proinflammatory cytokines that contribute to multiple aspects of human immunity. Far from being restricted to humans, the proinflammatory properties of IL12 / IL23 have been conserved throughout evolution, as phylogenetically diverse vertebrates express IL12 / IL23 in response to their natural pathogens. Among human bacterial pathogens, the modulation of IL12 / IL23 expression is largely associated with species’ Gram staining characteristics. The activities of IL12 / IL23 are dependent on IL12Rβ1, a type 1 transmembrane receptor that physically associates with the p40-domain common to both IL12 / IL23 and promotes their respective signaling pathways. Encoded by the gene IL12RB1, IL12Rβ1 physically associates with IL12 and IL23 and signals in complex with IL12Rβ2 or IL23R, respectively. The extracellular portion of IL12Rβ1 contains the cytokine-binding region essential for physical association with IL12 / IL23, whereas the cytoplasmic portion acts in concert with IL-12Rβ2 / IL-23R to transmit intracellular signals via the pre-associated kinases TYK2 and JAK2. Solidifying IL12RB1’s association with protective immune responses, individuals who are homozygous for IL12RB1null alleles are susceptible to persistent forms of several diseases, including tuberculosis, salmonellosis and candidiasis.
[0230] A detailed description of IL12RB2 and its function can be found, e.g., in Klinke, David J. "Enhancing the discovery and development of immunotherapies for cancer using quantitative and systems pharmacology: Interleukin-12 as a case study. " Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer 3.1 (2015) : 27; Robinson, Richard T. "IL12Rβ1: the cytokine receptor that we used to know. " Cytokine 71.2 (2015) : 348-359; Lu, Xinjie. "Impact of IL-12 in Cancer. " Current cancer drug targets 17.8 (2017) : 682-697; Ullrich, Karen AM, et al. "Immunology of IL-12: An update on functional activities and implications for disease. " EXCLI journal 19 (2020) : 1563, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0231] In the human genome, the IL12RB2 gene (NCBI Gene ID: 3595, UniProt ID: Q99665) , located on chromosome 1 (NC_000001.11) from positions 67307351 to 67398724, contains 16 exons: exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and exon 16. Based on transcript NM_001559.3 and its encoded protein NP_001550.1 (SEQ ID NO: 13) , the corresponding positions of the protein domains in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences are as follows:
[0232] Table 3
[0233] In the mouse genome, the IL12RB2 gene (NCBI Gene ID: 16162, UniProt ID: P97378) , located on chromosome 6 (NC_000072.7) from positions 67263914 to 67353277, contains 16 exons: exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and exon 16. Based on transcript NM_008354.4 and its encoded protein NP_032380.1 (SEQ ID NO: 12) , the corresponding positions of the protein domains in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences are as follows:
[0234] Table 4
[0235] The IL12RB2 gene, protein, and gene loci in other species are also known in the field. For example, in Rattus norvegicus (rat) , Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) , Canis lupus familiaris (dog) , and Sus scrofa (pig) , relevant information such as intron sequences, exon sequences, and amino acid sequences can be found in NCBI. All of this information is incorporated herein by reference.
[0236] FIG. 5 shows the alignment between human IL12RB2 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 13) and mouse IL12RB2 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 12) . Thus, the corresponding amino acid residue or region between human and mouse IL12RB2 can be found in FIG. 5.
[0237] The present disclosure provides human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB2 nucleotide sequence and / or amino acid sequences. In some embodiments, the entire sequence of mouse exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, signal peptide, extracellular region, transmembrane region, and / or cytoplasmic region are replaced by the corresponding human sequence. In some embodiments, a “region” or “portion” of mouse exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, signal peptide, extracellular region, transmembrane region, and / or cytoplasmic region are replaced by the corresponding human sequence. The term “region” or “portion” can refer to at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 510, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 530, 540, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, or 2810 nucleotides, or at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 874 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the “region” or “portion” can be at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, signal peptide, extracellular region, transmembrane region, or cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, a region, a portion, or the entire sequence of mouse exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16 (e.g., a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14) are replaced by a region, a portion, or the entire sequence of the human exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16 (e.g., a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14) .
[0238] In some embodiments, a “region” or “portion” of the signal peptide, extracellular region, transmembrane region, cytoplasmic region, exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 is deleted.
[0239] In some embodiments, a region, a portion, or the entire sequence of the human exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16 (e.g., a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14) is inserted into the endogenous mouse IL12RB2 gene (e.g., endogenous exon 2) . For example, a sequence encoding a humanized IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 24-623 of human IL12RB2 (SEQ ID NO: 13) and amino acids 639-874 of endogenous IL12RB2 (SEQ ID NO: 12) can be inserted into the endogenous mouse IL12RB2 gene (e.g., endogenous exon 2) . In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL12RB2 is inserted into exon 2 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene, after the sequence encoding the signal peptide. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL12RB2 is inserted between nucleotides 257 and 258 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.
[0240] In some embodiments, the present disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises a chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB2 nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB2 nucleotide sequence encodes a IL12RB2 protein comprising a signal peptide, an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises all or part of endogenous IL12RB2 signal peptide. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the extracellular region comprises all or part of human IL12RB2 extracellular region. In some embodiments, the extracellular region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 24-622 of SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the transmembrane region comprises all or part of endogenous IL12RB2 transmembrane region. In some embodiments, the transmembrane region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 623-643 of SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the transmembrane region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 638-658 of SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 659-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region comprises all or part of endogenous IL12RB2 cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the genome of the animal comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 14-20, 22-24, 48-49, 51-55, and 67-68.
[0241] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified non-human animal described herein comprises a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2 protein. In some embodiments, the IL12RB2 protein comprises, from N-terminus to C-terminus, a signal peptide, an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 protein comprises a human or humanized signal peptide. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 protein comprises an endogenous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 protein comprises a human or humanized extracellular region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 protein comprises an endogenous extracellular region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 protein comprises a human or humanized transmembrane region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 protein comprises an endogenous transmembrane region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 protein comprises a human or humanized cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 protein comprises an endogenous cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 protein comprises an endogenous signal peptide, a human or humanized extracellular region, a human or humanized transmembrane region, and an endogenous cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 protein comprises an endogenous sequence that corresponds to amino acids 639-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12 or 656-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 protein comprises a human sequence that corresponds to amino acids 24-623 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or amino acids 1-640 of SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0242] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified non-human animal described herein comprises a human or humanized IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 gene comprises 16 exons. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 gene comprises an endogenous exon 1, a humanized exon 2, human exons 3-13, a humanized exon 14, and endogenous exons 15-16. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 gene comprises human or humanized 5’ UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 gene comprises human or humanized 3’ UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 gene comprises endogenous 5’ UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 gene comprises endogenous 3’ UTR.
[0243] Thus, in some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB2 nucleotide sequence and / or amino acid sequences, wherein in some embodiments, at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%of the sequence are identical to or derived from mouse IL12RB2 mRNA sequence, mouse IL12RB2 amino acid sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 12) , or a portion thereof (e.g., exon 1, a portion of exon 2, a portion of exon 14, exons 15-16) ; and in some embodiments, at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%of the sequence are identical to or derived from human IL12RB2 mRNA sequence, human IL12RB2 amino acid sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 13) , or a portion thereof (e.g., a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14) .
[0244] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding amino acids 1-655 of mouse IL12RB2 (SEQ ID NO: 12) is replaced. In some embodiments, the sequence is replaced by a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 1-640 of human IL12RB2 (SEQ ID NO: 13) ) .
[0245] In some embodiments, the nucleic acids as described herein are operably linked to a promotor or regulatory element, e.g., an endogenous mouse IL12RB2 promotor, an inducible promoter, an enhancer, and / or mouse or human regulatory elements.
[0246] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 510, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 530, 540, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900, or 2998 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that are different from part of or the entire mouse IL12RB2 nucleotide sequence (e.g., a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14) .
[0247] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 510, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 530, 540, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900, or 2998 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that is the same as part of or the entire mouse IL12RB2 nucleotide sequence (e.g., exon 1, a portion of exon 2, a portion of exon 14, and exons 15-16) .
[0248] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 510, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 530, 540, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, or 2717 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that is different from part of or the entire human IL12RB2 nucleotide sequence (e.g., exon 1, a portion of exon 2, a portion of exon 14, and exons 15-16) .
[0249] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 510, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 530, 540, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, or 2717 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that is the same as part of or the entire human IL12RB2 nucleotide sequence (e.g., a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14) .
[0250] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 874 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is different from part of or the entire mouse IL12RB2 amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 1-638 of SEQ ID NO: 12 or amino acids 1-655 of SEQ ID NO: 12) .
[0251] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 874 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is the same from part of or the entire mouse IL12RB2 amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 639-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12 or amino acids 656-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12) .
[0252] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 862 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is different from part of or the entire human IL12RB2 amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 1-23 and 624-862 of SEQ ID NO: 13, or amino acids 641-862 of SEQ ID NO: 13) .
[0253] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 862 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is the same as part of or the entire human IL12RB2 amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 24-623 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or amino acids 1-640 of SEQ ID NO: 13) .
[0254] The present disclosure also provides a humanized IL12RB2 amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of:
[0255] a) an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or 21;
[0256] b) an amino acid sequence having a homology of at least 90%with or at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or 21;
[0257] c) an amino acid sequence encoded by a nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is able to hybridize to a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or 21 under a low stringency condition or a strict stringency condition;
[0258] d) an amino acid sequence having a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or 21;
[0259] e) an amino acid sequence that is different from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or 21 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; or
[0260] f) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or 21.
[0261] The present disclosure also provides a humanized IL12RB2 amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of:
[0262] a) all or part of amino acids 24-623 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or amino acids 1-640 of SEQ ID NO: 13;
[0263] b) an amino acid sequence have a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%to amino acids 24-623 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or amino acids 1-640 of SEQ ID NO: 13;
[0264] c) an amino acid sequence that is different from amino acids 24-623 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or amino acids 1-640 of SEQ ID NO: 13 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; and
[0265] d) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to amino acids 24-623 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or amino acids 1-640 of SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0266] The present disclosure also provides a humanized IL12RB2 amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of:
[0267] a) all or part of amino acids 639-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12 or amino acids 656-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12;
[0268] b) an amino acid sequence have a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%to amino acids 639-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12 or amino acids 656-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12;
[0269] c) an amino acid sequence that is different from amino acids 639-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12 or amino acids 656-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; and
[0270] d) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to amino acids 639-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12 or amino acids 656-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12.
[0271] The present disclosure also relates to a IL12RB2 nucleic acid (e.g., DNA or RNA) sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence can be selected from the group consisting of:
[0272] a) a nucleic acid sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 14-20, 22-24, 48-49, 51-55, and 67-68, or a nucleic acid sequence encoding a homologous IL12RB2 amino acid sequence of a humanized mouse IL12RB2;
[0273] b) a nucleic acid sequence that is able to hybridize to the nucleotide sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 14-20, 22-24, 48-49, 51-55, and 67-68 under a low stringency condition or a strict stringency condition;
[0274] c) a nucleic acid sequence that has a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 14-20, 22-24, 48-49, 51-55, and 67-68;
[0275] d) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence has a homology of at least 90%with or at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or 21;
[0276] e) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence has a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%with, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or 21;
[0277] f) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is different from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or 21 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; and / or
[0278] g) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or 21.
[0279] IL23R
[0280] The interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) is a crucial regulatory element of the immune system with profound implications for human health. Signaling downstream of IL-23R polarizes and directs a broad spectrum of lymphocyte populations, particularly CD4+ subsets such as Th17 and Treg, thereby influencing the pro-or anti-inflammatory roles of these cells. The clinical relevance of IL-23R is considerable, with variants in this gene having been associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the emerging role of IL-23R in carcinogenesis is worthy of note. Several variants in the IL-23R gene have been identified as predisposing factors in the development of disparate types of cancer in different populations, while other variants appear to be protective factors.
[0281] The interleukin-23 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. Class I and Class II cytokine receptors are single transmembrane domain (TMD) -containing proteins that associate to form homo-or heteromeric receptor complexes that bind cytokine ligands. In humans, the IL-23R gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p31.3) in close proximity to the gene encoding interleukin-12 beta receptor subunit 2 (IL-12Rβ2) . The mRNA encoding IL-23R is 2.8 kilobases in length. The translated protein comprises 629 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 71, 722 Da. IL-23R is integrated into the outermost membrane of various immune system cells, including T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes and dendritic cells. These cells serve to identify foreign substances and thus protect the body against infection and disease. The IL-23R is localized at the cell surface where it exerts its intra-and extracellular effects upon binding to IL-23. IL-23 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 family. IL-23 is primarily produced by dendritic cells and activated macrophages. It then exerts its effects on Th17, a distinct subpopulation of gamma / delta T cells, natural killer T cells, and type 3 innate lymphoid cells. The pathological consequences of excessive IL-23 / IL-23R signaling have been linked to its ability to promote the production of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-17 (IL-17) , interleukin-22 (IL-22) , granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) . The mediators facilitate the recruitment and activation of granulocytes and macrophages, which, in turn, induce damage including chronic inflammation and the development of tumors. This process also results in the generation of an accompanying tumor microenvironment, which exhibits the following characteristics. First, the IL-23 / IL-23R axis has been observed to interfere with the antitumor function of natural killer (NK) cells by blocking the interferon gamma (IFNγ) and perforin-mediated effects. Second, this same axis has been seen to support neoangiogenesis, thereby inhibiting the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor tissue. Third, IL-23 has been shown to activate DNA repair pathways, an activity that occurs via an immune-independent pathway. It has been demonstrated that multiple isoforms of the IL-23R gene may be produced by alternative splicing, resulting in premature termination and frameshifts that can generate receptors lacking essential signaling components, or isolated ectodomains with the capacity to act as decoy receptors. A substantial number of genetic variants have been identified at the IL-23R locus. The expression of IL-23R can be controlled post-transcriptionally by several miRNAs, thereby introducing another layer of complexity to the regulation of IL-23R.
[0282] IL-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine, comprising two distinct subunits: p19, encoded by interleukin 23A (IL-23A) , and p40, encoded by interleukin 12B (IL12B) . The latter subunit is also present in another cytokine, namely interleukin-12 (IL-12) . Furthermore, it should be noted that both IL-23 and IL-12 receptors possess a common chain, namely IL-12Rβ1. This chain forms a complex with the IL-23R chain, which is responsible for conferring responsiveness to IL-23. An alternative configuration is formed when the receptor complex binds with IL-12Rβ2. This complex is known as the IL-12 receptor complex. Although they possess shared subunits, IL-23 and IL-12 exhibit disparate and distinctive biological functions. IL-23 binds to a membrane receptor complex consisting of two type I membrane proteins: IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R. The IL-12Rβ1 subunit comprises two extracellular cytokine receptor domains and three type-III fibronectin domains, which are followed by a single transmembrane domain and a cytosolic domain. The IL-23R subunit contains an N-terminal immunoglobulin-like domain, two cytokine receptor domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic domain. It has been demonstrated that the IL-23R chain initially interacts with the IL-23p19 subunit exclusively through its N-terminal domain. This results in a conformational change to the interleukin-23 heterodimer, which permits the p40 subunit to bind to the IL-12Rβ1 with high affinity, thus recruiting the complex. The interaction between p40 and IL-12Rβ1, and p19 and IL-23R is a prerequisite for the formation of a complex competent for signaling, which is composed of the three aforementioned proteins.
[0283] The IL-23 receptor complex associates with multiple members of the Janus kinase (JAK) family, including Jak2 and Tyk2. The IL-12Rβ1 complex recruits TYK2, while the IL-23R complex interacts with JAK2. The Box1 and Box2 motifs, which are located within the intracellular domain of IL-12Rβ1, have been identified through the use of deletion and site-directed mutagenesis techniques as binding sites for Tyk2. In comparison to other receptors, IL-23R is distinguished by the absence of Box1 and Box2 motifs, which have been identified as atypical JAK2 binding sites within its cytoplasmic tail.
[0284] Many tumors produce high levels of interleukin 23 (IL23) , which potentiate tumor growth and up-regulate IL23 receptor (IL23R) expression by intratumoral T cells, including Treg. Although the IL23R-STAT3 pathway is the central element in functional T–helper cell 17 (Th17) development, expression of the IL23R by tumor-infiltrating Treg has been linked to poor prognosis.
[0285] A detailed description of IR23R and its function can be found, e.g., in Audia, Salvatore, et al. "The IL-23R and Its Genetic Variants: A Hitherto Unforeseen Bridge Between the Immune System and Cancer Development. " Cancers 17.1 (2024) : 55; Wight, Andrew E., et al. "Antibody-mediated blockade of the IL23 receptor destabilizes intratumoral regulatory T cells and enhances immunotherapy. " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119.18 (2022) : e2200757119; Neurath, Markus F. "IL-23 in inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer. " Cytokine &growth factor reviews 45 (2019) : 1-8, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0286] In the human genome, the IL23R gene (NCBI Gene ID: 149233, UniProt ID: Q5VWK5) , located on chromosome 1 (NC_000001.11) from positions 67138637 to 67265903, contains 11 exons: exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and exon 11. Based on transcript NM_144701.3 and its encoded protein NP_653302.2 (SEQ ID NO: 59) , the corresponding positions of each exon in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences are as follows:
[0287] Table 5
[0288] In the mouse genome, the IL23R gene (NCBI Gene ID: 209590, UniProt ID: Q8K4B4) , located on chromosome 6 (NC_000072.7) from positions 67399906 to 67468838, contains 11 exons: exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and exon 11. Based on transcript NM_144548.2 and its encoded protein NP_653131.3 (SEQ ID NO: 27) , the corresponding positions of each exon in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences are as follows:
[0289] Table 6
[0290] The IL23R gene, protein, and gene loci in other species are also known in the field. For example, in Rattus norvegicus (rat) , Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) , Canis lupus familiaris (dog) , and Sus scrofa (pig) , relevant information such as intron sequences, exon sequences, and amino acid sequences can be found in NCBI. All of this information is incorporated herein by reference.
[0291] FIG. 13 shows the alignment between human IL23R amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 59) and mouse IL23R amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 27) . Thus, the corresponding amino acid residue or region between human and mouse IL23R can be found in FIG. 13.
[0292] The present disclosure provides human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL23R nucleotide sequence and / or amino acid sequences. In some embodiments, the entire sequence of mouse exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, signal peptide, extracellular region, transmembrane region, and / or cytoplasmic region, are replaced by the corresponding human sequence. In some embodiments, a “region” or “portion” of mouse exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, signal peptide, extracellular region, transmembrane region, and / or cytoplasmic region, are replaced by the corresponding human sequence. The term “region” or “portion” can refer to at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 480, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1287, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, or 2497 nucleotides, or at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, or 644 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the “region” or “portion” can be at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, signal peptide, extracellular region, transmembrane region, and / or cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, a region, a portion, or the entire sequence of mouse exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and / or exon 11 (e.g., a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9) are replaced by a region, a portion, or the entire sequence of the human exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and / or exon 11 (e.g., a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9) .
[0293] In some embodiments, a “region” or “portion” of the endogenous exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and / or exon 11 is deleted.
[0294] In some embodiments, the present disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises a chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL23R nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL23R nucleotide sequence encodes a IL23R protein comprising a signal peptide, an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises all or part of endogenous IL23R signal peptide. In some embodiments, the extracellular region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 24-355 of SEQ ID NO: 59. In some embodiments, the extracellular region comprises all or part of human IL23R extracellular region. In some embodiments, the transmembrane region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 375-395 of SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the transmembrane region comprises all or part of endogenous IL23R transmembrane region. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 396-644 of SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region comprises all or part of endogenous IL23R cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the genome of the animal comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 65-77 and 79-80.
[0295] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified non-human animal described herein comprises a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R protein. In some embodiments, the IL23R protein comprises a signal peptide, an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R protein comprises a human or humanized signal peptide. In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R protein comprises an endogenous signal peptide.
[0296] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified non-human animal described herein comprises a human or humanized IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R gene comprises 11 exons. In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R gene comprises endogenous exons 1-2, a humanized exon 3, human exons 4-8, a humanized exon 9, and endogenous exons 10-11. In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R gene comprises human or humanized 5’ UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R gene comprises human or humanized 3’ UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R gene comprises endogenous 5’ UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R gene comprises endogenous 3’ UTR.
[0297] In some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL23R nucleotide sequence and / or amino acid sequences, wherein in some embodiments, at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%of the sequence are identical to or derived from mouse IL23R mRNA sequence, mouse IL23R amino acid sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 27) , or a portion thereof (e.g., exons 1-2, a portion of exon 3, a portion of exon 9, exons 10-11) ; and in some embodiments, at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%of the sequence are identical to or derived from human IL23R mRNA sequence, human IL23R amino acid sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 59) , or a portion thereof (e.g., a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9) .
[0298] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding amino acids 33-122 of mouse IL23R (SEQ ID NO: 27) is replaced. In some embodiments, the sequence is replaced by a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL23R. In some embodiments, the sequence is replaced by a sequence encoding a humanized IL23R (e.g., amino acids 27-353 of human IL23R (SEQ ID NO: 59) and amino acids 1-26 and 373-644 of endogenous IL23R (SEQ ID NO: 27) ) .
[0299] In some embodiments, the nucleic acids as described herein are operably linked to a promotor or regulatory element, e.g., an endogenous mouse IL23R promotor, an inducible promoter, an enhancer, and / or mouse or human regulatory elements.
[0300] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 480, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1287, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, or 2497 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that are different from part of or the entire mouse IL23R nucleotide sequence (e.g., a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9) .
[0301] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 480, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1287, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, or 2497 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that is the same as part of or the entire mouse IL23R nucleotide sequence (e.g., exons 1-2, a portion of exon 3, a portion of exon 9, exons 10-11) .
[0302] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 480, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1287, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, or 2858 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that is different from part of or the entire human IL23R nucleotide sequence (e.g., exons 1-2, a portion of exon 3, a portion of exon 9, exons 10-11) .
[0303] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 480, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1287, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, or 2858 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that is the same as part of or the entire human IL23R nucleotide sequence (e.g., a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9) .
[0304] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, or 644 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is different as part of or the entire mouse IL23R amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 27-372 of SEQ ID NO: 27) .
[0305] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, or 644 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is the same from part of or the entire mouse IL23R amino acid sequence. (e.g., amino acids 1-26, 373-644 of SEQ ID NO: 27) .
[0306] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, or 629 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is different from part of or the entire human IL23R amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 1-26, 354-629 of SEQ ID NO: 59) .
[0307] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, or 629 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is the same as part of or the entire human IL23R amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 27-353 of SEQ ID NO: 59) .
[0308] The present disclosure also provides a humanized IL23R mouse amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of:
[0309] a) an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 59 or 78;
[0310] b) an amino acid sequence having a homology of at least 90%with or at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 59 or 78;
[0311] c) an amino acid sequence encoded by a nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is able to hybridize to a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid shown in SEQ ID NO: 59 or 78 under a low stringency condition or a strict stringency condition;
[0312] d) an amino acid sequence having a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 59 or 78;
[0313] e) an amino acid sequence that is different from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 59 or 78 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; or
[0314] f) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 59 or 78.
[0315] The present disclosure also provides a humanized IL23R amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of:
[0316] a) all or part of amino acids 27-353 of SEQ ID NO: 59;
[0317] b) an amino acid sequence have a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%to amino acids 27-353 of SEQ ID NO: 59;
[0318] c) an amino acid sequence that is different from amino acids 27-353 of SEQ ID NO: 59 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; and
[0319] d) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to amino acids 27-353 of SEQ ID NO: 59.
[0320] The present disclosure also relates to a IL23R nucleic acid (e.g., DNA or RNA) sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence can be selected from the group consisting of:
[0321] a) a nucleic acid sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 65-77 and 79-80, or a nucleic acid sequence encoding a homologous IL23R amino acid sequence of a humanized mouse IL23R;
[0322] b) a nucleic acid sequence that is able to hybridize to the nucleotide sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 65-77 and 79-80 under a low stringency condition or a strict stringency condition;
[0323] c) a nucleic acid sequence that has a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 65-77 and 79-80;
[0324] d) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence has a homology of at least 90%with or at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 59 or 78;
[0325] e) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence has a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%with, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 59 or 78;
[0326] f) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is different from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 59 or 78 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; and / or
[0327] g) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 59 or 78.
[0328] Genetically modified animals
[0329] As used herein, the term “genetically-modified non-human animal” refers to a non-human animal having exogenous DNA in at least one chromosome of the animal’s genome. In some embodiments, at least one or more cells, e.g., at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%of cells of the genetically-modified non-human animal have the exogenous DNA in its genome. The cell having exogenous DNA can be various kinds of cells, e.g., an endogenous cell, a somatic cell, an immune cell, a T cell, a B cell, an antigen presenting cell, a macrophage, a dendritic cell, a germ cell, a blastocyst, or an endogenous tumor cell. In some embodiments, genetically-modified non-human animals are provided that comprise modified endogenous IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R loci that comprise an exogenous sequence (e.g., a human sequence) , e.g., a replacement of one or more non-human sequences with one or more human sequences. The animals are generally able to pass the modification to progeny, i.e., through germline transmission.
[0330] As used herein, the term “chimeric gene” or “chimeric nucleic acid” refers to a gene or a nucleic acid, wherein two or more portions of the gene or the nucleic acid are from different species, or at least one of the sequences of the gene or the nucleic acid does not correspond to the wild-type nucleic acid in the animal. In some embodiments, the chimeric gene or chimeric nucleic acid has at least one portion of the sequence that is derived from two or more different sources, e.g., sequences encoding different proteins or sequences encoding the same (or homologous) protein of two or more different species. In some embodiments, the chimeric gene or the chimeric nucleic acid is a humanized gene or humanized nucleic acid.
[0331] As used herein, the term “chimeric protein” or “chimeric polypeptide” refers to a protein or a polypeptide, wherein two or more portions of the protein or the polypeptide are from different species, or at least one of the sequences of the protein or the polypeptide does not correspond to wild-type amino acid sequence in the animal. In some embodiments, the chimeric protein or the chimeric polypeptide has at least one portion of the sequence that is derived from two or more different sources, e.g., same (or homologous) proteins of different species. In some embodiments, the chimeric protein or the chimeric polypeptide is a humanized protein or a humanized polypeptide.
[0332] As used herein, the term “humanized protein” or “humanized polypeptide” refers to a protein or a polypeptide, wherein at least a portion of the protein or the polypeptide is from the human protein or human polypeptide. In some embodiments, the humanized protein or polypeptide is a human protein or polypeptide.
[0333] As used herein, the term “humanized nucleic acid” refers to a nucleic acid, wherein at least a portion of the nucleic acid is from the human. In some embodiments, the entire nucleic acid of the humanized nucleic acid is from human. In some embodiments, the humanized nucleic acid is a humanized exon. A humanized exon can be, e.g., a human exon or a chimeric exon.
[0334] Animals having humanized IL12RB1 gene locus
[0335] In some embodiments, the chimeric gene or the chimeric nucleic acid is a humanized IL12RB1 gene or a humanized IL12RB1 nucleic acid. In some embodiments, at least one or more portions of the gene or the nucleic acid is from the human IL12RB1 gene, at least one or more portions of the gene or the nucleic acid is from a non-human IL12RB1 gene. In some embodiments, the gene or the nucleic acid comprises a sequence that encodes an IL12RB1 protein. The encoded IL12RB1 protein is functional or has at least one activity of the human IL12RB1 protein or the non-human IL12RB1 protein.
[0336] In some embodiments, the chimeric protein or the chimeric polypeptide is a humanized IL12RB1 protein or a humanized IL12RB1 polypeptide. In some embodiments, at least one or more portions of the amino acid sequence of the protein or the polypeptide is from a human IL12RB1 protein, and at least one or more portions of the amino acid sequence of the protein or the polypeptide is from a non-human IL12RB1 protein. The humanized IL12RB1 protein or the humanized IL12RB1 polypeptide is functional or has at least one activity of the human IL12RB1 protein or the non-human IL12RB1 protein.
[0337] In some embodiments, the IL12RB1 extracellular region is human or humanized. In some embodiments, the IL12RB1 signal peptide is human or humanized. In some embodiments, the IL12RB1 signal peptide is endogenous. In some embodiments, the IL12RB1 transmembrane region is endogenous. In some embodiments, the IL12RB1 cytoplasmic region is endogenous.
[0338] Genetically modified non-human animals can comprise a modification at an endogenous non-human IL12RB1 locus. In some embodiments, the modification can comprise a human nucleic acid sequence encoding at least a portion of a mature IL12RB1 protein (e.g., at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the mature IL12RB1 protein sequence) . Although genetically modified cells are also provided that can comprise the modifications described herein (e.g., ES cells, somatic cells) , in many embodiments, the genetically modified non-human animals comprise the modification of the endogenous IL12RB1 locus in the germline of the animal.
[0339] Genetically modified animals can express a human IL12RB1 and / or a chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB1 from endogenous mouse loci, wherein the endogenous mouse IL12RB1 gene has been replaced with a human IL12RB1 gene and / or a nucleotide sequence that encodes a region of human IL12RB1 sequence or an amino acid sequence that is at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the human IL12RB1 sequence. In various embodiments, an endogenous non-human IL12RB1 locus is modified in whole or in part to comprise human nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one protein-coding sequence of a mature IL12RB1 protein.
[0340] In some embodiments, the genetically modified mice can express the human IL12RB1 and / or chimeric IL12RB1 (e.g., humanized IL12RB1) from endogenous loci that are under control of mouse promoters and / or mouse regulatory elements. The replacement (s) at the endogenous mouse loci provide non-human animals that express human IL12RB1 or chimeric IL12RB1 (e.g., humanized IL12RB1) in appropriate cell types and in a manner that does not result in the potential pathologies observed in some other transgenic mice known in the art. The human IL12RB1 or the chimeric IL12RB1 (e.g., humanized IL12RB1) expressed in animal can maintain one or more functions of the wild-type mouse or human IL12RB1 in the animal. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB1. In some embodiments, the animal expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB1 as compared to IL12RB1 expression level in a wild-type animal. As used herein, the term “endogenous IL12RB1” refers to IL12RB1 protein that is expressed from an endogenous IL12RB1 nucleotide sequence of the non-human animal (e.g., mouse) before any genetic modification.
[0341] The genome of the animal can comprise a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to human IL12RB1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) . In some embodiments, the genome comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 2 or 11.
[0342] The genome of the genetically modified animal can comprise a replacement at an endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB1. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is any sequence within the endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus, e.g., exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, 5’-UTR, 3’-UTR, intron 1, intron 2, intron 3, intron 4, intron 5, intron 6, intron 7, intron 8, intron 9, intron 10, intron 11, intron 12, intron 13, intron 14, intron 15, intron 16 or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is within the regulatory region of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14, of an endogenous mouse IL12RB1 gene locus.
[0343] The genetically modified animal can have one or more cells expressing a human or chimeric IL12RB1 (e.g., humanized IL12RB1) having, from N-terminus to C-terminus, a signal peptide, an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the signal peptide of endogenous IL12RB1.
[0344] In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 amino acids (e.g., contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the signal peptide of endogenous IL12RB1 (e.g., mouse IL12RB1) . In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the humanized IL12RB1 is human. In some embodiments, the entire signal peptide of the humanized IL12RB1 described herein are derived from human sequence.
[0345] In some embodiments, the extracellular region comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the extracellular region of human IL12RB1. In some embodiments, the extracellular region of the humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that has at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 400, 500, 550 or 522 amino acids (e.g., contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the extracellular region of human IL12RB1. In some embodiments, the extracellular region described herein includes the signal peptide. In some embodiments, the extracellular region described herein does not include the signal peptide. Because human IL12RB1 and non-human IL12RB1 (e.g., mouse IL12RB1) sequences, in many cases, are different, antibodies that bind to human IL12RB1 will not necessarily have the same binding affinity with non-human IL12RB1 or have the same effects to non-human IL12RB1. Therefore, the genetically modified animal having a human or a humanized extracellular region can be used to better evaluate the effects of anti-human IL12RB1 antibodies in an animal model.
[0346] In some embodiments, the transmembrane region comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the transmembrane region of endogenous IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 566-591 of SEQ ID NO: 1) . In some embodiments, the transmembrane region of the humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 26 amino acids (contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the transmembrane region of endogenous IL12RB1 (e.g., mouse IL12RB1) . In some embodiments, the transmembrane region of the humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acids (contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the N-terminal 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acids in the transmembrane region of human IL12RB1. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the cytoplasmic of endogenous IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 592-738 of SEQ ID NO: 1) . In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region of the humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, or 147 amino acids (contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the cytoplasmic region of endogenous IL12RB1 (e.g., mouse IL12RB1) .
[0347] In some embodiments, the genome of the genetically modified animal comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that corresponds to a portion or the entire sequence of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 of human IL12RB1; and / or a portion or the entire sequence of the extracellular region of human IL12RB1; or a portion or the entire sequence of amino acids 1-549 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0348] In some embodiments, the genome of the genetically modified animal comprises a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of human IL12RB1 gene.
[0349] In some embodiments, the non-human animal can have, at an endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus, a nucleotide sequence encoding a chimeric human / non-human IL12RB1 polypeptide, wherein a human portion of the chimeric human / non-human IL12RB1 polypeptide comprises all or a portion of the human IL12RB1 extracellular region, and wherein the animal expresses a functional IL12RB1 on a surface of a cell of the animal. The human portion of the chimeric human / non-human IL12RB1 polypeptide can comprise an amino acid sequence encoded by a portion of a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of human IL12RB1 gene. In some embodiments, the human portion of the chimeric human / non-human IL12RB1 polypeptide can comprise a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to amino acids 1-549 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0350] Furthermore, the genetically modified animal can be heterozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL12RB1 locus, or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL12RB1 locus.
[0351] In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 locus lacks a human IL12RB1 gene 5’-UTR. In some embodiment, the humanized IL12RB1 locus comprises an endogenous (e.g., mouse) 5’-UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 locus comprises an endogenous (e.g., mouse) 3’-UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB1 locus comprises human 3’-UTR. In appropriate cases, it may be reasonable to presume that the mouse and human IL12RB1 genes appear to be similarly regulated based on the similarity of their 5’-flanking sequence. As shown in the present disclosure, humanized IL12RB1 mice that comprise a replacement at an endogenous mouse IL12RB1 locus, which retain mouse regulatory elements but comprise a humanization of IL12RB1 encoding sequence, do not exhibit pathologies. Both genetically modified mice that are heterozygous or homozygous for humanized IL12RB1 are grossly normal.
[0352] In another aspect, the disclosure also provides a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprise a disruption in the animal’s endogenous IL12RB1 gene, wherein the disruption of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene comprises deletion of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16, or part thereof of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene. In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene comprises deletion of one or more exons or part of exons selected from the group consisting of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and exon 16 of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene. In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene further comprises deletion of one or more introns or part of introns selected from the group consisting of intron 1, intron 2, intron 3, intron 4, intron 5, intron 6, intron 7, intron 8, intron 9, intron 10, intron 11, intron 12, intron 13, intron 14, intron 15, and intron 16 of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene. In some embodiments, wherein the deletion can comprise deleting at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 2317, or more nucleotides.
[0353] In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene comprises the deletion of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, or 1710 nucleotides of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 (e.g., deletion of at least 50 nucleotides from exon 1, exons 2-13, and at least 20 nucleotides from exon 14) .
[0354] Animals having humanized IL12RB2 gene locus
[0355] In some embodiments, the chimeric gene or the chimeric nucleic acid is a humanized IL12RB2 gene or a humanized IL12RB2 nucleic acid. In some embodiments, at least one or more portions of the gene or the nucleic acid is from the human IL12RB2 gene, at least one or more portions of the gene or the nucleic acid is from a non-human IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the gene or the nucleic acid comprises a sequence that encodes an IL12RB2 protein. The encoded IL12RB2 protein is functional or has at least one activity of the human IL12RB2 protein or the non-human IL12RB2 protein.
[0356] In some embodiments, the chimeric protein or the chimeric polypeptide is a humanized IL12RB2 protein or a humanized IL12RB2 polypeptide. In some embodiments, at least one or more portions of the amino acid sequence of the protein or the polypeptide is from a human IL12RB2 protein, and at least one or more portions of the amino acid sequence of the protein or the polypeptide is from a non-human IL12RB2 protein. The humanized IL12RB2 protein or the humanized IL12RB2 polypeptide is functional or has at least one activity of the human IL12RB2 protein or the non-human IL12RB2 protein.
[0357] In some embodiments, the IL12RB2 extracellular region is human or humanized. In some embodiments, the IL12RB2 signal peptide is human or humanized. In some embodiments, the IL12RB2 cytoplasmic region is human or humanized. In some embodiments, the IL12RB2 transmembrane region is human or humanized. In some embodiments, the IL12RB2 transmembrane region is endogenous. In some embodiments, both the IL12RB2 extracellular region and transmembrane region are human or humanized. In some embodiments, both the IL12RB2 signal peptide and cytoplasmic region are endogenous. In some embodiments, the IL12RB2 signal peptide, the transmembrane region and cytoplasmic region are endogenous. In some embodiments, the IL12RB2 transmembrane region and cytoplasmic region are endogenous.
[0358] Genetically modified non-human animals can comprise a modification at an endogenous non-human IL12RB2 locus. In some embodiments, the modification can comprise a human nucleic acid sequence encoding at least a portion of a mature IL12RB2 protein (e.g., at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the mature IL12RB2 protein sequence) . Although genetically modified cells are also provided that can comprise the modifications described herein (e.g., ES cells, somatic cells) . In many embodiments, the genetically modified non-human animals comprise the modification of the endogenous IL12RB2 locus in the germline of the animal.
[0359] Genetically modified animals can express a human IL12RB2 and / or a chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL12RB2 from endogenous mouse loci, wherein the endogenous mouse IL12RB2 gene has been replaced with a human IL12RB2 gene and / or a nucleotide sequence that encodes a region of human IL12RB2 sequence or an amino acid sequence that is at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the human IL12RB2 sequence. In various embodiments, an endogenous non-human IL12RB2 locus is modified in whole or in part to comprise human nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one protein-coding sequence of a mature IL12RB2 protein.
[0360] In some embodiments, the genetically modified mice can express the human IL12RB2 and / or chimeric IL12RB2 (e.g., humanized IL12RB2) from endogenous loci that are under control of mouse promoters and / or mouse regulatory elements. The replacement (s) at the endogenous mouse loci provide non-human animals that express human IL12RB2 or chimeric IL12RB2 (e.g., humanized IL12RB2) in appropriate cell types and in a manner that does not result in the potential pathologies observed in some other transgenic mice known in the art. The human IL12RB2 or the chimeric IL12RB2 (e.g., humanized IL12RB2) expressed in animal can maintain one or more functions of the wild-type mouse or human IL12RB2 in the animal. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB2. In some embodiments, the animal expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB2 as compared to IL12RB2 expression level in a wild-type animal. As used herein, the term “endogenous IL12RB2” refers to IL12RB2 protein that is expressed from an endogenous IL12RB2 nucleotide sequence of the non-human animal (e.g., mouse) before any genetic modification.
[0361] The genome of the animal can comprise a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to human IL12RB2 (SEQ ID NO: 13) . In some embodiments, the genome comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 13 or 21.
[0362] The genome of the genetically modified animal can comprise a replacement at an endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB2. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is any sequence within the endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus, e.g., exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, 5’-UTR, 3’-UTR, intron 1, intron 2, intron 3, intron 4, intron 5, intron 6, intron 7, intron, 8, intron 9, intron 10, intron 11, intron 12, intron 13, intron 14, intron 15, intron 16, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is within the regulatory region of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14, of an endogenous mouse IL12RB2 gene locus.
[0363] The genetically modified animal can have one or more cells expressing a human or chimeric IL12RB2 (e.g., humanized IL12RB2) having, from N-terminus to C-terminus, a signal peptide, an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the signal peptide of endogenous IL12RB2. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 amino acids (e.g., contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the signal peptide of endogenous IL12RB2 (e.g., mouse IL12RB2) . In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the humanized IL12RB2 is human. In some embodiments, the extracellular region comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the extracellular region of human IL12RB2. In some embodiments, the extracellular region of the humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that has at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 400, 500, 550 or 599 amino acids (e.g., contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the extracellular region of human IL12RB2. In some embodiments, the extracellular region described herein includes the signal peptide. In some embodiments, the extracellular region described herein does not include the signal peptide. Because human IL12RB2 and non-human IL12RB2 (e.g., mouse IL12RB2) sequences, in many cases, are different, antibodies that bind to human IL12RB2 will not necessarily have the same binding affinity with non-human IL12RB2 or have the same effects to non-human IL12RB2. Therefore, the genetically modified animal having a human or a humanized extracellular region can be used to better evaluate the effects of anti-human IL12RB2 antibodies in an animal model.
[0364] In some embodiments, the transmembrane region comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the transmembrane region of endogenous IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 638-658 of SEQ ID NO: 12) . In some embodiments, the transmembrane region of the humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 amino acids (contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the transmembrane region of endogenous IL12RB2 (e.g., mouse IL12RB2) . In some embodiments, the transmembrane region of the humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 amino acids (contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the N-terminal 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 amino acids in the transmembrane region of human IL12RB2. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the cytoplasmic of endogenous IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 659-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12) . In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region of the humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, or 216 amino acids (contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the cytoplasmic region of endogenous IL12RB2 (e.g., mouse IL12RB2) .
[0365] In some embodiments, the entire signal peptide and the entire cytoplasmic region of the humanized IL12RB2 described herein are derived from endogenous sequence. In some embodiments, the entire signal peptide, the entire transmembrane region, and the entire cytoplasmic region of the humanized IL12RB2 described herein are derived from endogenous sequence.
[0366] In some embodiments, the genome of the genetically modified animal comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that corresponds to a portion or the entire sequence of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 of human IL12RB2; and / or a portion or the entire sequence of the extracellular region of human IL12RB2; or a portion or the entire sequence of amino acids 24-623 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or amino acids 1-640 of SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0367] In some embodiments, the genome of the genetically modified animal comprises a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of human IL12RB2 gene.
[0368] In some embodiments, the non-human animal can have, at an endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus, a nucleotide sequence encoding a chimeric human / non-human IL12RB2 polypeptide, wherein a human portion of the chimeric human / non-human IL12RB2 polypeptide comprises all or a portion of the human IL12RB2 extracellular region, and wherein the animal expresses a functional IL12RB2 on a surface of a cell of the animal. The human portion of the chimeric human / non-human IL12RB2 polypeptide can comprise an amino acid sequence encoded by a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of human IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the human portion of the chimeric human / non-human IL12RB2 polypeptide can comprise a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to amino acids 24-623 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or amino acids 1-640 of SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the transmembrane region includes a sequence corresponding to the entire or part of amino acids 638-658 of SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the transmembrane region has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 amino acids (contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the N-terminal 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 amino acids in the transmembrane region of human IL12RB2. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic region includes a sequence corresponding to the entire or part of amino acids 659-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the chimeric human / non-human IL12RB2 polypeptide comprises a signal peptide, which includes a sequence corresponding to the entire or part of amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the chimeric human / non-human IL12RB2 polypeptide comprises a signal peptide, which includes a sequence corresponding to the entire or part of amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0369] Furthermore, the genetically modified animal can be heterozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL12RB2 locus, or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL12RB2 locus.
[0370] In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 locus lacks a human IL12RB2 gene 5’-UTR. In some embodiment, the humanized IL12RB2 locus comprises an endogenous (e.g., mouse) 5’-UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 locus comprises an endogenous (e.g., mouse) 3’-UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL12RB2 locus comprises human 3’-UTR. In appropriate cases, it may be reasonable to presume that the mouse and human IL12RB2 genes appear to be similarly regulated based on the similarity of their 5’-flanking sequence. As shown in the present disclosure, humanized IL12RB2 mice that comprise a replacement at an endogenous mouse IL12RB2 locus, which retain mouse regulatory elements but comprise a humanization of IL12RB2 encoding sequence, do not exhibit pathologies. Both genetically modified mice that are heterozygous or homozygous for humanized IL12RB2 are grossly normal.
[0371] In another aspect, the disclosure also provides a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprise a disruption in the animal’s endogenous IL12RB2 gene, wherein the disruption of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene comprises deletion of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16, or part thereof of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene comprises deletion of one or more exons or part of exons selected from the group consisting of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and exon 16 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene further comprises deletion of one or more introns or part of introns selected from the group consisting of intron 1, intron 2, intron 3, intron 4, intron 5, intron 6, intron 7, intron 8, intron 9, intron 10, intron 11, intron 12, intron 13, intron 14, intron 15, and intron 16 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene comprises the deletion of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, or 2810 nucleotides of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 (e.g., deletion of at least 50 nucleotides from exon 2, exons 3-13, and at least 50 nucleotides from exon 14) .
[0372] Animals having humanized IL23R gene locus
[0373] In some embodiments, the chimeric gene or the chimeric nucleic acid is a humanized IL23R gene or a humanized IL23R nucleic acid. In some embodiments, at least one or more portions of the gene or the nucleic acid is from the human IL23R gene, at least one or more portions of the gene or the nucleic acid is from a non-human IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the gene or the nucleic acid comprises a sequence that encodes an IL23R protein. The encoded IL23R protein is functional or has at least one activity of the human IL23R protein or the non-human IL23R protein.
[0374] In some embodiments, the chimeric protein or the chimeric polypeptide is a humanized IL23R protein or a humanized IL23R polypeptide. In some embodiments, at least one or more portions of the amino acid sequence of the protein or the polypeptide is from a human IL23R protein, and at least one or more portions of the amino acid sequence of the protein or the polypeptide is from a non-human IL23R protein. The humanized IL23R protein or the humanized IL23R polypeptide is functional or has at least one activity of the human IL23R protein or the non-human IL23R protein.
[0375] In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R protein includes a polypeptide sequence of 327 amino acids (contiguous or non-contiguous) that is identical to human IL23R protein. In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R gene includes a nucleotide sequence of 981 bp (contiguous or non-contiguous) that is identical to human IL23R gene.
[0376] Genetically modified non-human animals can comprise a modification at an endogenous non-human IL23R locus. In some embodiments, the modification can comprise a human nucleic acid sequence encoding at least a portion of a mature IL23R protein (e.g., at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the mature IL23R protein sequence) . Although genetically modified cells are also provided that can comprise the modifications described herein (e.g., ES cells, somatic cells) , in many embodiments, the genetically modified non-human animals comprise the modification of the endogenous IL23R locus in the germline of the animal.
[0377] Genetically modified animals can express a human IL23R and / or a chimeric (e.g., humanized) IL23R from endogenous mouse loci, wherein the endogenous mouse IL23R gene has been replaced with a human IL23R gene and / or a nucleotide sequence that encodes a region of human IL23R sequence or an amino acid sequence that is at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the human IL23R sequence. In various embodiments, an endogenous non-human IL23R locus is modified in whole or in part to comprise human nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one protein-coding sequence of a mature IL23R protein.
[0378] In some embodiments, the genetically modified mice can express the human IL23R and / or chimeric IL23R (e.g., humanized IL23R) from endogenous loci that are under control of mouse promoters and / or mouse regulatory elements. The replacement (s) at the endogenous mouse loci provide non-human animals that express human IL23R or chimeric IL23R (e.g., humanized IL23R) in appropriate cell types and in a manner that does not result in the potential pathologies observed in some other transgenic mice known in the art. The human IL23R or the chimeric IL23R (e.g., humanized IL23R) expressed in animal can maintain one or more functions of the wild-type mouse or human IL23R in the animal. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous IL23R. In some embodiments, the animal expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL23R as compared to IL23R expression level in a wild-type animal. As used herein, the term “endogenous IL23R” refers to IL23R protein that is expressed from an endogenous IL23R nucleotide sequence of the non-human animal (e.g., mouse) before any genetic modification.
[0379] The genome of the animal can comprise a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to human IL23R (SEQ ID NO: 59) . In some embodiments, the genome comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 59 or 78.
[0380] The genome of the genetically modified animal can comprise a replacement at an endogenous IL23R gene locus of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL23R with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL23R. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is any sequence within the endogenous IL23R gene locus, e.g., exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, 5’-UTR, 3’-UTR, intron 1, intron 2, intron 3, intron 4, intron 5, intron 6, intron 7, intron 8, intron 9, intron 10, intron 11, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is within the regulatory region of the endogenous IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9, of an endogenous mouse IL23R gene locus.
[0381] The genetically modified animal can have one or more cells expressing a human or chimeric IL23R (e.g., humanized IL23R) having, an N-terminal signal peptide. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the signal peptide of endogenous IL23R. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the humanized IL23R has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 amino acids (e.g., contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the signal peptide of endogenous IL23R (e.g., mouse IL23R) . In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%or 100%identical to the signal peptide of human IL23R. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the humanized IL23R has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 amino acids (e.g., contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the signal peptide of human IL23R.
[0382] In some embodiments, the genome of the genetically modified animal comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that corresponds to a portion or the entire sequence of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and / or exon 11 of human IL23R; and / or the entire sequence of human IL23R; or a portion or the entire sequence of amino acids 27-353 of SEQ ID NO: 59.
[0383] In some embodiments, the genome of the genetically modified animal comprises a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9 of human IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the portion of exon 3 includes at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 105, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, or 297 nucleotides. In some embodiments, the portion of exon 3 includes 289 nucleotides. In some embodiments, the portion of exon 3 includes a nucleotide of at least 50 bp. In some embodiments, the portion of exon 9 includes at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, or 103 nucleotides. In some embodiments, the portion of exon 9 includes 14 nucleotides. In some embodiments, the portion of exon 9 includes a nucleotide of at least 5 bp.
[0384] Furthermore, the genetically modified animal can be heterozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL23R locus, or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL23R locus.
[0385] In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R locus lacks a human IL23R gene 5’-UTR. In some embodiment, the humanized IL23R locus comprises an endogenous (e.g., mouse) 5’-UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R locus comprises an endogenous (e.g., mouse) 3’-UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized IL23R locus comprises human 3’-UTR. In appropriate cases, it may be reasonable to presume that the mouse and human IL23R genes appear to be similarly regulated based on the similarity of their 5’-flanking sequence. As shown in the present disclosure, humanized IL23R mice that comprise a replacement at an endogenous mouse IL23R locus, which retain mouse regulatory elements but comprise a humanization of IL23R encoding sequence, do not exhibit pathologies. Both genetically modified mice that are heterozygous or homozygous for humanized IL23R are grossly normal.
[0386] In another aspect, the disclosure also provides a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprise a disruption in the animal’s endogenous IL23R gene, wherein the disruption of the endogenous IL23R gene comprises deletion of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and / or exon 11, or part thereof of the endogenous IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous IL23R gene comprises deletion of one or more exons or part of exons selected from the group consisting of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and exon 11 of the endogenous IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous IL23R gene further comprises deletion of one or more introns or part of introns selected from the group consisting of intron 1, intron 2, intron 3, intron 4, intron 5, intron 6, intron 7, intron 8, intron 9, intron 10, and intron 11 of the endogenous IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous IL23R gene comprises the deletion of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 300, 400, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, or 2497 nucleotides of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and / or exon 11 (e.g., deletion of at least 50 nucleotides from exon 3) .
[0387] Vectors
[0388] The present disclosure relates to a targeting vector, comprising: a) a DNA fragment homologous to the 5’ end of a region to be altered (5’ arm) , which is selected from the IL12RB1 gene genomic DNAs in the length of 100 to 10,000 nucleotides; b) a desired / donor DNA sequence encoding a donor region; and c) a second DNA fragment homologous to the 3’ end of the region to be altered (3’ arm) , which is selected from the IL12RB1 gene genomic DNAs in the length of 100 to 10,000 nucleotides.
[0389] In some embodiments, the length of the selected genomic nucleotide sequence in the targeting vector can be more than about 5 kb, about 5.5 kb, about 6 kb, about 7 kb, about 8 kb, about 9 kb, about 10 kb, about 15 kb, about 20 kb, about 21 kb, about 22 kb, about 23 kb, about 24 kb, or about 24.6 kb.
[0390] In some embodiments, the region to be altered is exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 of IL12RB1 gene (e.g., a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of mouse IL12RB1 gene) .
[0391] In some embodiments, the sequence of the 5’ arm is at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 99%, or 100%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3; and the sequence of the 3’ arm is at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 99%, or 100%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0392] In some embodiments, the desired / donor DNA sequence is derived from human. For example, the desired / donor DNA sequence in the targeting vector is a part or entirety of the nucleotide sequence of a human IL12RB1 gene, preferably exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 of the human IL12RB1 gene. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence of the humanized IL12RB1 gene encodes the entire or the part of human IL12RB1 protein (SEQ ID NO: 2) .
[0393] The disclosure also provides vectors for constructing a humanized animal model or a knock-out model. In some embodiments, the vectors comprise a sgRNA sequence, wherein the sgRNA sequence targets IL12RB1 gene, and the sgRNA is unique on the target sequence of the gene to be altered, and meets the sequence arrangement rule of 5’-NNN (20) -NGG3’ or 5’-CCN-N (20) -3’.
[0394] The present disclosure relates to a targeting vector, comprising: a) a DNA fragment homologous to the 5’ end of a region to be altered (5’ arm) , which is selected from the IL12RB2 gene genomic DNAs in the length of 100 to 10,000 nucleotides; b) a desired / donor DNA sequence encoding a donor region; and c) a second DNA fragment homologous to the 3’ end of the region to be altered (3’ arm) , which is selected from the IL12RB2 gene genomic DNAs in the length of 100 to 10,000 nucleotides.
[0395] In some embodiments, the length of the selected genomic nucleotide sequence in the targeting vector can be more than about 6 kb, about 6.5 kb, about 7 kb, about 7.5 kb, about 8 kb, about 8.5 kb, about 9 kb, about 9.5 kb, about 9.8 kb, about 10 kb, about 11 kb, about 12 kb, about 13 kb, about 14 kb, about 15 kb, about 20 kb, about 25 kb, about 30 kb, about 40 kb, about 50 kb, about 60 kb, or about 66.3 kb.
[0396] In some embodiments, the region to be altered is exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene (e.g., a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of mouse IL12RB2 gene) .
[0397] In some embodiments, the sequence of the 5’ arm is at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 99%, or 100%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14; and the sequence of the 3’ arm is at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 99%, or 100%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the sequence of the 5’ arm is at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 99%, or 100%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 48; and the sequence of the 3’ arm is at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 99%, or 100%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 49.
[0398] In some embodiments, the desired / donor DNA sequence is derived from human. For example, the desired / donor DNA sequence in the targeting vector is a part or entirety of the nucleotide sequence of a human IL12RB2 gene, preferably exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 of the human IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence of the humanized IL12RB2 gene encodes the entire or the part of human IL12RB2 protein (SEQ ID NO: 13) .
[0399] The disclosure also provides vectors for constructing a humanized animal model or a knock-out model. In some embodiments, the vectors comprise a sgRNA sequence, wherein the sgRNA sequence targets IL12RB2 gene, and the sgRNA is unique on the target sequence of the gene to be altered, and meets the sequence arrangement rule of 5’-NNN (20) -NGG3’ or 5’-CCN-N (20) -3’.
[0400] The present disclosure relates to a targeting vector, comprising: a) a DNA fragment homologous to the 5’ end of a region to be altered (5’ arm) , which is selected from the IL23R gene genomic DNAs in the length of 100 to 10,000 nucleotides; b) a desired / donor DNA sequence encoding a donor region; and c) a second DNA fragment homologous to the 3’ end of the region to be altered (3’ arm) , which is selected from the IL23R gene genomic DNAs in the length of 100 to 10,000 nucleotides.
[0401] In some embodiments, the length of the selected genomic nucleotide sequence in the targeting vector can be more than about 0.5 kb, about 1 kb, about 1.5 kb, about 2 kb, or about 2.6 kb.
[0402] In some embodiments, the region to be altered is exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and / or exon 11 of the endogenous IL23R gene (e.g., a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9 of mouse IL23R gene) .
[0403] In some embodiments, the sequence of the 5’ arm is at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 99%, or 100%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 65; and the sequence of the 3’ arm is at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 99%, or 100%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 66. In some embodiments, the sequence of the 5’ arm is at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 99%, or 100%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 79; and the sequence of the 3’ arm is at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 99%, or 100%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 80.
[0404] In some embodiments, the desired / donor DNA sequence is derived from human. For example, the desired / donor DNA sequence in the targeting vector is a part or entirety of the nucleotide sequence of a human IL23R gene, preferably exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and / or exon 11 of the human IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence of the humanized IL23R gene encodes the entire or the part of human IL23R protein (SEQ ID NO: 59) .
[0405] The disclosure also provides vectors for constructing a humanized animal model or a knock-out model. In some embodiments, the vectors comprise a sgRNA sequence, wherein the sgRNA sequence targets IL23R gene, and the sgRNA is unique on the target sequence of the gene to be altered, and meets the sequence arrangement rule of 5’-NNN (20) -NGG3’ or 5’-CCN-N (20) -3’.
[0406] The targeting vector can further include one or more selectable markers, e.g., positive or negative selectable markers. In some embodiments, the positive selectable marker is a Neo gene or Neo cassette. In some embodiments, the negative selectable marker is a DTA gene.
[0407] In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a plasmid construct (e.g., pT7-sgRNA) including the sgRNA sequence, and / or a cell including the construct.
[0408] The disclosure also relates to a cell comprising the targeting vectors as described above.
[0409] In addition, the present disclosure further relates to a non-human mammalian cell, having any one of the foregoing targeting vectors, and one or more in vitro transcripts of the construct as described herein. In some embodiments, the cell includes Cas9 mRNA or an in vitro transcript thereof.
[0410] In some embodiments, the genes in the cell are heterozygous. In some embodiments, the genes in the cell are homozygous.
[0411] In some embodiments, the non-human mammalian cell is a mouse cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a fertilized egg cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an embryonic stem cell.
[0412] Methods of making genetically modified animals
[0413] Genetically modified animals can be made by several techniques that are known in the art, including, e.g., nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) , homologous recombination (HR) , zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) , transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases (TALEN) , and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) -Cas system. In some embodiments, homologous recombination is used. In some embodiments, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing is used to generate genetically modified animals. Many of these genome editing techniques are known in the art, and is described, e.g., in Yin et al., "Delivery technologies for genome editing, " Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 16.6 (2017) : 387-399, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Many other methods are also provided and can be used in genome editing, e.g., micro-injecting a genetically modified nucleus into an enucleated oocyte, and fusing an enucleated oocyte with another genetically modified cell.
[0414] Methods of making animals having a humanized IL12RB1 gene locus
[0415] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides replacing in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus, a sequence encoding a region of an endogenous IL12RB1 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human or chimeric IL12RB1. In some embodiments, the replacement occurs in a germ cell, a somatic cell, a blastocyst, or a fibroblast, etc. The nucleus of a somatic cell or the fibroblast can be inserted into an enucleated oocyte.
[0416] FIG. 2 shows an exemplary humanization strategy for the IL12RB1 locus. The targeting strategy involves a vector comprising a 5’ homologous arm, a human or humanized IL12RB1 gene fragment, and a 3’ homologous arm. The process can involve replacing endogenous IL12RB1 sequence with a human or humanized sequence by homologous recombination. In some embodiments, the cleavage at the upstream and the downstream of the target site (e.g., by zinc finger nucleases, TALEN or CRISPR) can result in DNA double strands break, and the homologous recombination is used to replace endogenous IL12RB1 sequence with the human or humanized IL12RB1 sequence. Thus, in some embodiments, the methods for making a genetically modified, humanized animal, can include the step of replacing at an endogenous IL12RB1 locus (or site) , a nucleic acid sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB1. The sequence can include a region (e.g., a part or the entire region) of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16, of a human IL12RB1 gene. In some embodiments, the sequence includes a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of a human IL12RB1 gene.
[0417] In some embodiments, the human sequence includes the all or a portion of human IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 1-549 of SEQ ID NO: 2) . In some embodiments, the replaced endogenous IL12RB1 sequence includes all or a portion of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 of mouse IL12RB1.
[0418] In some embodiments, the methods of modifying a IL12RB1 locus of a mouse to express a chimeric human / mouse IL12RB1 peptide can include the steps of replacing at the endogenous mouse IL12RB1 locus a nucleotide sequence encoding a mouse IL12RB1 with a nucleotide sequence encoding a human IL12RB1, thereby generating a sequence encoding a chimeric human / mouse IL12RB1.
[0419] The present disclosure further provides a method for establishing a IL12RB1 gene humanized animal model, involving the following steps:
[0420] (a) providing the cell (e.g. a fertilized egg cell) based on the methods described herein;
[0421] (b) culturing the cell in a liquid culture medium;
[0422] (c) transplanting the cultured cell to the fallopian tube or uterus of the recipient female non-human mammal, allowing the cell to develop in the uterus of the female non-human mammal;
[0423] (d) identifying the germline transmission in the offspring genetically modified humanized non-human mammal of the pregnant female in step (c) .
[0424] In some embodiments, the non-human mammal in the foregoing method is a mouse (e.g., a C57BL / 6 mouse) .
[0425] In some embodiments, the non-human mammal in step (c) is a female with pseudopregnancy (or false pregnancy) .
[0426] In some embodiments, the fertilized eggs for the methods described above are C57BL / 6 fertilized eggs. Other fertilized eggs that can also be used in the methods as described herein include, but are not limited to, FVB / N fertilized eggs, BALB / c fertilized eggs, DBA / 1 fertilized eggs and DBA / 2 fertilized eggs.
[0427] Fertilized eggs can come from any non-human animal, e.g., any non-human animal as described herein. In some embodiments, the fertilized egg cells are derived from rodents. The genetic construct can be introduced into a fertilized egg by microinjection of DNA. For example, by way of culturing a fertilized egg after microinjection, a cultured fertilized egg can be transferred to a false pregnant non-human animal, which then gives birth of a non-human mammal, so as to generate the non-human mammal mentioned in the methods described above.
[0428] In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises modifying the coding frame of the non-human animal’s IL12RB1 gene, e.g., by inserting a nucleotide sequence (e.g., DNA or cDNA sequence) encoding human or humanized IL12RB1 protein, e.g., immediately after the endogenous regulatory element of the non-human animal’s IL12RB1 gene. For example, one or more functional region sequences of the non-human animal’s IL12RB1 gene can be knocked out, or inserted with a sequence, such that the non-human animal cannot express or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB1 protein. In some embodiments, the coding frame of the modified non-human animal’s IL12RB1 gene can be all or part of the nucleotide sequence from exon 1 to exon 16 of the non-human animal’s IL12RB1 gene.
[0429] In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises inserting a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL12RB1 protein and / or an auxiliary sequence after the endogenous regulatory element of the non-human animal’s IL12RB1 gene. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence can be a stop codon, such that the IL12RB1 gene humanized animal model can express human or humanized IL12RB1 protein in vivo, but does not express non-human animal’s IL12RB1 protein. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence includes WPRE (WHP Posttranscriptional Response Element) , loxP, STOP, and / or polyA.
[0430] In some embodiments, the method for making the genetically modified animal comprises:
[0431] (1) providing a plasmid comprising a human IL12RB1 gene fragment, flanked by a 5’ homologous arm and a 3’ homologous arm, wherein the 5’ and 3’ homologous arms target an endogenous IL12RB1 gene;
[0432] (2) providing one or more small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that target the endogenous IL12RB1 gene;
[0433] (3) modifying genome of a fertilized egg or an embryonic stem cell by using the plasmid of step (1) , the sgRNAs of step (2) , and Cas9;
[0434] (4) transplanting the fertilized egg obtained in step (3) into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant female mouse or transplanting the embryonic stem cell obtained in step (3) into a blastocyst which is then transplanted into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant female mouse to produce a child mouse that functionally expresses a humanized IL12RB1 protein; and
[0435] (5) mating the child mouse obtained in step (2) to obtain a homozygote mouse,
[0436] In some embodiments, the fertilized egg is modified by CRISPR with sgRNAs that target a 5’-terminal targeting site and a 3’-terminal targeting site.
[0437] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL12RB1 protein is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus.
[0438] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified animal does not express an endogenous IL12RB1 protein.
[0439] In some embodiments, the method for making the genetically modified animal comprises:
[0440] (1) providing a plasmid comprising a human or chimeric IL12RB1 gene fragment, flanked by a 5’ homologous arm and a 3’ homologous arm, wherein the 5’ and 3’ homologous arms target an endogenous IL12RB1 gene;
[0441] (2) providing one or more small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that target the endogenous IL12RB1 gene; and
[0442] (3) modifying genome of a fertilized egg or an embryonic stem cell by inserting the human or chimeric IL12RB1 gene fragment into the genome.
[0443] Methods of making animals having a humanized IL12RB2 gene locus
[0444] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides replacing in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus, a sequence encoding a region of an endogenous IL12RB2 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human or chimeric IL12RB2. In some embodiments, the replacement occurs in a germ cell, a somatic cell, a blastocyst, or a fibroblast, etc. The nucleus of a somatic cell or the fibroblast can be inserted into an enucleated oocyte.
[0445] FIG. 10 shows an exemplary humanization strategy for the IL12RB2 locus. The targeting strategy involves a vector comprising a 5’ homologous arm, a human or humanized IL12RB2 gene fragment, and a 3’ homologous arm. The process can involve replacing endogenous IL12RB2 sequence with a human or humanized sequence by homologous recombination. In some embodiments, the cleavage at the upstream and the downstream of the target site (e.g., by zinc finger nucleases, TALEN or CRISPR) can result in DNA double strands break, and the homologous recombination is used to replace endogenous IL12RB2 sequence with the human or humanized IL12RB2 sequence.
[0446] FIG. 6 shows an exemplary humanization strategy for a mouse IL12RB2 locus. The targeting strategy involves a vector comprising a 5’ homologous arm, a human or humanized IL12RB2 gene fragment, and a 3’ homologous arm. In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises modifying the coding frame of the non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene, e.g., by inserting a nucleotide sequence (e.g., DNA or cDNA sequence) encoding human or humanized IL12RB2 protein, e.g., immediately after the endogenous regulatory element of the non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene. One or more functional region sequences of the non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene can be knocked out, or inserted with a sequence, such that the non-human animal cannot express or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB2 protein. In some embodiments, the coding frame of the modified non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene can be all or part of the nucleotide sequence from exon 1 to exon 16 of the non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL12RB2 is inserted immediately after the endogenous sequence encoding the endogenous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL12RB2 is inserted into exon 2 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.
[0447] In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises inserting a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL12RB2 protein and / or an auxiliary sequence after the endogenous regulatory element of the non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence can be a stop codon, such that the IL12RB2 gene humanized animal model can express human or humanized IL12RB2 protein in vivo, but does not express non-human animal’s IL12RB2 protein. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence includes WPRE (WHP Posttranscriptional Response Element) , loxP, STOP, and / or polyA.
[0448] Additionally, gene editing can also be performed using the CRISPR / Cas9 system. FIG. 7 shows another exemplary humanization strategy for a mouse IL12RB2 locus. The figure displays the targeting vector with upstream homologous arm (5’ homologous arm) and downstream homologous arm (3’ homologous arm) sequences, along with a human or humanized IL12RB2 nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, sgRNA sequences that recognize the 5' and 3' end target sites are employed to create double strand breaks at the desired insertion site. The target sequence determines the specificity of sgRNA and the efficiency of inducing Cas9 cleavage in the target gene. Therefore, the selection and design of highly efficient and specific target sequences are prerequisites for constructing sgRNA expression vectors. Thus, in some embodiments, the methods for making a genetically modified, humanized animal, can include the step of replacing at an endogenous IL12RB2 locus (or site) , a nucleic acid sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB2. The sequence can include a region (e.g., a part or the entire region) of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 of a human IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the sequence includes a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of a human IL12RB2 gene.
[0449] In some embodiments, the region includes the all or a portion of the extracellular region of human IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 24-623 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or amino acids 1-640 of SEQ ID NO: 13) . In some embodiments, the endogenous IL12RB2 locus is exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16 of mouse IL12RB2. In some embodiments, the sequence includes exon 1, a portion of exon 2, a portion of exon 14, exons 15-16 of mouse IL12RB2 gene.
[0450] In some embodiments, the methods of modifying a IL12RB2 locus of a mouse to express a chimeric human / mouse IL12RB2 peptide can include the steps of replacing at the endogenous mouse IL12RB2 locus a nucleotide sequence encoding a mouse IL12RB2 with a nucleotide sequence encoding a human IL12RB2, thereby generating a sequence encoding a chimeric human / mouse IL12RB2.
[0451] The present disclosure further provides a method for establishing a IL12RB2 gene humanized animal model, involving the following steps:
[0452] (a) providing the cell (e.g. a fertilized egg cell) based on the methods described herein;
[0453] (b) culturing the cell in a liquid culture medium;
[0454] (c) transplanting the cultured cell to the fallopian tube or uterus of the recipient female non-human mammal, allowing the cell to develop in the uterus of the female non-human mammal;
[0455] (d) identifying the germline transmission in the offspring genetically modified humanized non-human mammal of the pregnant female in step (c) .
[0456] In some embodiments, the non-human mammal in the foregoing method is a mouse (e.g., a C57BL / 6 mouse) .
[0457] In some embodiments, the non-human mammal in step (c) is a female with pseudopregnancy (or false pregnancy) .
[0458] In some embodiments, the fertilized eggs for the methods described above are C57BL / 6 fertilized eggs. Other fertilized eggs that can also be used in the methods as described herein include, but are not limited to, FVB / N fertilized eggs, BALB / c fertilized eggs, DBA / 1 fertilized eggs and DBA / 2 fertilized eggs.
[0459] Fertilized eggs can come from any non-human animal, e.g., any non-human animal as described herein. In some embodiments, the fertilized egg cells are derived from rodents. The genetic construct can be introduced into a fertilized egg by microinjection of DNA. For example, by way of culturing a fertilized egg after microinjection, a cultured fertilized egg can be transferred to a false pregnant non-human animal, which then gives birth of a non-human mammal, so as to generate the non-human mammal mentioned in the methods described above.
[0460] In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises modifying the coding frame of the non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene, e.g., by inserting a nucleotide sequence (e.g., DNA or cDNA sequence) encoding human or humanized IL12RB2 protein, e.g., immediately after the endogenous regulatory element of the non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene. For example, one or more functional region sequences of the non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene can be knocked out, or inserted with a sequence, such that the non-human animal cannot express or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB2 protein. In some embodiments, the coding frame of the modified non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene can be all or part of the nucleotide sequence from exon 1 to exon 16 of the non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene.
[0461] In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises inserting a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL12RB2 protein and / or an auxiliary sequence after the endogenous regulatory element of the non-human animal’s IL12RB2 gene. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence can be a stop codon, such that the IL12RB2 gene humanized animal model can express human or humanized IL12RB2 protein in vivo, but does not express non-human animal’s IL12RB2 protein. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence includes WPRE (WHP Posttranscriptional Response Element) , loxP, STOP, and / or polyA.
[0462] In some embodiments, the method for making the genetically modified animal comprises:
[0463] (1) providing a plasmid comprising a human IL12RB2 gene fragment, flanked by a 5’ homologous arm and a 3’ homologous arm, wherein the 5’ and 3’ homologous arms target an endogenous IL12RB2 gene;
[0464] (2) providing one or more small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that target the endogenous IL12RB2 gene;
[0465] (3) modifying genome of a fertilized egg or an embryonic stem cell by using the plasmid of step (1) , the sgRNAs of step (2) , and Cas9;
[0466] (4) transplanting the fertilized egg obtained in step (3) into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant female mouse or transplanting the embryonic stem cell obtained in step (3) into a blastocyst which is then transplanted into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant female mouse to produce a child mouse that functionally expresses a humanized IL12RB2 protein; and
[0467] (5) mating the child mouse obtained in step (2) to obtain a homozygote mouse,
[0468] In some embodiments, the fertilized egg is modified by CRISPR with sgRNAs that target a 5’-terminal targeting site and a 3’-terminal targeting site.
[0469] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL12RB2 protein is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus.
[0470] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified animal does not express an endogenous IL12RB2 protein.
[0471] In some embodiments, the method for making the genetically modified animal comprises:
[0472] (1) providing a plasmid comprising a human or chimeric IL12RB2 gene fragment, flanked by a 5’ homologous arm and a 3’ homologous arm, wherein the 5’ and 3’ homologous arms target an endogenous IL12RB2 gene;
[0473] (2) providing one or more small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that target the endogenous IL12RB2 gene; and
[0474] (3) modifying genome of a fertilized egg or an embryonic stem cell by inserting the human or chimeric IL12RB2 gene fragment into the genome.
[0475] Methods of making animals having a humanized IL23R gene locus
[0476] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides replacing in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous IL23R gene locus, a sequence encoding a region of an endogenous IL23R with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human or chimeric IL23R. In some embodiments, the replacement occurs in a germ cell, a somatic cell, a blastocyst, or a fibroblast, etc. The nucleus of a somatic cell or the fibroblast can be inserted into an enucleated oocyte.
[0477] FIG. 14 shows an exemplary humanization strategy for the IL23R locus. The targeting strategy involves a vector comprising a 5’ homologous arm, a humanized IL23R gene fragment, and a 3’ homologous arm. The process can involve replacing endogenous IL23R sequence with a human or humanized sequence by homologous recombination. In some embodiments, the cleavage at the upstream and the downstream of the target site (e.g., by zinc finger nucleases, TALEN or CRISPR) can result in DNA double strands break, and the homologous recombination is used to replace endogenous IL23R sequence with the humanized IL23R sequence.
[0478] In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises modifying the coding frame of the non-human animal’s IL23R gene, e.g., by inserting a nucleotide sequence (e.g., DNA or cDNA sequence) encoding human or humanized IL23R protein, e.g., immediately after the endogenous regulatory element or the sequence encoding the endogenous signal peptide of the non-human animal’s IL23R gene. One or more functional region sequences of the non-human animal’s IL23R gene can be knocked out, or inserted with a sequence, such that the non-human animal cannot express or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL23R protein. In some embodiments, the coding frame of the modified non-human animal’s IL23R gene can be all or part of the nucleotide sequence from exon 1 to exon 11 of the non-human animal’s IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL23R is inserted immediately after the endogenous sequence encoding the endogenous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL23R is inserted into exon 3 of the endogenous IL23R gene.
[0479] In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises inserting a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL23R protein and / or an auxiliary sequence after the endogenous regulatory element of the non-human animal’s IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence can be a stop codon, such that the IL23R gene humanized animal model can express human or humanized IL23R protein in vivo, but does not express non-human animal’s IL23R protein. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence includes WPRE (WHP Posttranscriptional Response Element) , loxP, STOP, and / or polyA.
[0480] Additionally, gene editing can also be performed using the CRISPR / Cas9 system. FIG. 15 shows another exemplary humanization strategy for a mouse IL23R locus. The figure displays the targeting vector with upstream homologous arm (5’ homologous arm) and downstream homologous arm (3’ homologous arm) sequences, along with a human or humanized IL23R nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, sgRNA sequences that recognize the 5' and 3' end target sites are employed to create double strand breaks at the desired insertion / replacement site. The target sequence determines the specificity of sgRNA and the efficiency of inducing Cas9 cleavage in the target gene. Therefore, the selection and design of highly efficient and specific target sequences are prerequisites for constructing sgRNA expression vectors.
[0481] Thus, in some embodiments, the methods for making a genetically modified, humanized animal, can include the step of replacing at an endogenous IL23R locus (or site) , a nucleic acid sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL23R with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL23R. The sequence can include a region (e.g., a part or the entire region) of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and / or exon 11 of a human IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the sequence includes a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9 of a human IL23R gene.
[0482] In some embodiments, the sequence encodes a region of human IL23R (e.g., amino acids 27-353 of SEQ ID NO: 59) . In some embodiments, the endogenous IL23R locus is exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, and / or exon 11 of mouse IL23R. In some embodiments, the sequence includes exons 1-2, a portion of exon 3, a portion of exon 9, exons 10-11, of mouse IL23R gene.
[0483] The present disclosure further provides a method for establishing a IL23R gene humanized animal model, involving the following steps:
[0484] (a) providing the cell (e.g. a fertilized egg cell) based on the methods described herein;
[0485] (b) culturing the cell in a liquid culture medium;
[0486] (c) transplanting the cultured cell to the fallopian tube or uterus of the recipient female non-human mammal, allowing the cell to develop in the uterus of the female non-human mammal;
[0487] (d) identifying the germline transmission in the offspring genetically modified humanized non-human mammal of the pregnant female in step (c) .
[0488] In some embodiments, the non-human mammal in the foregoing method is a mouse (e.g., a C57BL / 6 mouse) .
[0489] In some embodiments, the non-human mammal in step (c) is a female with pseudopregnancy (or false pregnancy) .
[0490] In some embodiments, the fertilized eggs for the methods described above are C57BL / 6 fertilized eggs. Other fertilized eggs that can also be used in the methods as described herein include, but are not limited to, FVB / N fertilized eggs, BALB / c fertilized eggs, DBA / 1 fertilized eggs and DBA / 2 fertilized eggs.
[0491] Fertilized eggs can come from any non-human animal, e.g., any non-human animal as described herein. In some embodiments, the fertilized egg cells are derived from rodents. The genetic construct can be introduced into a fertilized egg by microinjection of DNA. For example, by way of culturing a fertilized egg after microinjection, a cultured fertilized egg can be transferred to a false pregnant non-human animal, which then gives birth of a non-human mammal, so as to generate the non-human mammal mentioned in the methods described above.
[0492] In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises modifying the coding frame of the non-human animal’s IL23R gene, e.g., by inserting a nucleotide sequence (e.g., DNA or cDNA sequence) encoding human or humanized IL23R protein, e.g., immediately after the endogenous regulatory element of the non-human animal’s IL23R gene. For example, one or more functional region sequences of the non-human animal’s IL23R gene can be knocked out, or inserted with a sequence, such that the non-human animal cannot express or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL23R protein. In some embodiments, the coding frame of the modified non-human animal’s IL23R gene can be all or part of the nucleotide sequence from exon 1 to exon 11 of the non-human animal’s IL23R gene.
[0493] In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises inserting a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL23R protein and / or an auxiliary sequence after the endogenous regulatory element of the non-human animal’s IL23R gene. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence can be a stop codon, such that the IL23R gene humanized animal model can express human or humanized IL23R protein in vivo, but does not express non-human animal’s IL23R protein. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence includes WPRE (WHP Posttranscriptional Response Element) , loxP, STOP, and / or polyA.
[0494] In some embodiments, the method for making the genetically modified animal comprises:
[0495] (1) providing a plasmid comprising a human IL23R gene fragment, flanked by a 5’ homologous arm and a 3’ homologous arm, wherein the 5’ and 3’ homologous arms target an endogenous IL23R gene;
[0496] (2) providing one or more small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that target the endogenous IL23R gene;
[0497] (3) modifying genome of a fertilized egg or an embryonic stem cell by using the plasmid of step (1) , the sgRNAs of step (2) , and Cas9;
[0498] (4) transplanting the fertilized egg obtained in step (3) into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant female mouse or transplanting the embryonic stem cell obtained in step (3) into a blastocyst which is then transplanted into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant female mouse to produce a child mouse that functionally expresses a humanized IL23R protein; and
[0499] (5) mating the child mouse obtained in step (2) to obtain a homozygote mouse,
[0500] In some embodiments, the fertilized egg is modified by CRISPR with sgRNAs that target a 5’-terminal targeting site and a 3’-terminal targeting site.
[0501] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R protein is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL23R gene locus.
[0502] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified animal does not express an endogenous IL23R protein.
[0503] In some embodiments, the method for making the genetically modified animal comprises:
[0504] (1) providing a plasmid comprising a human or chimeric IL23R gene fragment, flanked by a 5’ homologous arm and a 3’ homologous arm, wherein the 5’ and 3’ homologous arms target an endogenous IL23R gene;
[0505] (2) providing one or more small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that target the endogenous IL23R gene; and
[0506] (3) modifying genome of a fertilized egg or an embryonic stem cell by inserting the human or chimeric IL23R gene fragment into the genome.
[0507] Genetically modified animal model with two or more human or chimeric genes
[0508] The present disclosure further relates to methods for generating genetically modified animal model with two or more human or chimeric genes. The animal can comprise human or chimeric IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R genes and a sequence encoding an additional human or chimeric protein. In some embodiments, the animal comprises human or humanized IL12RB1 and IL12RB2 genes. In some embodiments, the animal comprises human or humanized IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and IL23R genes. In some embodiments, the animal comprises human or humanized IL12RB1, IL12RB2, IL23R, and an additional human or humanized genes encoding an additional human or chimeric protein. In some embodiments, the additional human or chimeric protein can be programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) , programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) , Interleukin 10 Receptor Subunit Alpha (IL10RA) , and / or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) .
[0509] The methods of generating genetically modified animal model with two or more human or chimeric genes (e.g., humanized genes) can include the following steps:
[0510] (a) using the methods of introducing human or chimeric IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R genes as described herein to obtain a genetically modified non-human animal;
[0511] (b) mating the genetically modified non-human animal with another genetically modified non-human animal, and then screening the progeny to obtain a genetically modified non-human animal with two or more human or chimeric genes.
[0512] In some embodiments, in step (b) of the method, the genetically modified animal can be mated with a genetically modified non-human animal with human or chimeric PD-1, PD-L1, IL10RA and / or CTLA4. Some of these genetically modified non-human animals are described, e.g., in PCT / CN2020 / 107886, PCT / CN2018 / 110069, PCT / CN2017 / 099574, PCT / CN2020 / 128201, and PCT / CN2017 / 099577; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0513] In some embodiments, the humanization is directly performed on a genetically modified animal having human or chimeric IL12RB1, IL12RB2, IL23R, PD-1, PD-L1, IL10RA, and / or CTLA4 genes.
[0514] As these proteins may involve different mechanisms, a combination therapy that targets two or more of these proteins thereof may be a more effective treatment. In fact, many related clinical trials are in progress and have shown a good effect. The genetically modified animal model with two or more human or humanized genes can be used for determining effectiveness of a combination therapy that targets two or more of these proteins, e.g., an anti-IL12RB1 antibody (alternatively, an anti-IL12RB2 antibody, a bispecific antibody targeting IL12RB1 and IL12RB2, or an anti-IL23R antibody) and an additional therapeutic agent for the treatment of an immune disorder (e.g., psoriasis) . The methods include administering the anti-IL12RB1 antibody (alternatively, an anti-IL12RB2 antibody, a bispecific antibody targeting IL12RB1 and IL12RB2, or an anti-IL23R antibody) and the additional therapeutic agent to the animal, wherein the animal has a tumor; and determining the inhibitory effects of the combined treatment to the tumor. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an antibody that specifically binds to PD-1, PD-L1, IL10RA or CTLA4. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-CTLA4 antibody (e.g., ipilimumab) , an anti-PD-1 antibody (e.g., nivolumab) , or an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
[0515] In some embodiments, the animal further comprises a sequence encoding a human or humanized PD-1, a sequence encoding a human or humanized PD-L1, or a sequence encoding a human or humanized CTLA-4. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-PD-1 antibody (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab) , an anti-PD-L1 antibody, or an anti-CTLA-4 antibody. In some embodiments, the tumor comprises one or more tumor cells that express CD80, CD86, PD-L1, and / or PD-L2.
[0516] In some embodiments, the combination treatment is designed for treating various cancers as described herein, e.g., breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer, lung cancer, or liver cancer. In some embodiments, the combination treatment is designed for treating immune disorders as described herein, e.g., psoriasis.
[0517] In some embodiments, the methods described herein can be used to evaluate the combination treatment with some other methods. The methods of treating a cancer that can be used alone or in combination with methods described herein, include, e.g., treating the subject with chemotherapy, e.g., campothecin, doxorubicin, cisplatin, carboplatin, procarbazine, mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, bisulfan, nitrosurea, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, bleomycin, plicomycin, mitomycin, etoposide, verampil, podophyllotoxin, tamoxifen, taxol, transplatinum, 5-flurouracil, vincristin, vinblastin, and / or methotrexate. Alternatively or in addition, the methods can include performing surgery on the subject to remove at least a portion of the cancer, e.g., to remove a portion of or all of a tumor (s) , from the patient.
[0518] In some embodiments, the animal comprises a human or humanized PD-1 gene.
[0519] In one aspect, the disclosure provides a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises at least one chromosome comprising a sequence encoding a human or chimeric PD-1.
[0520] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or chimeric PD-1 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element (e.g., a promoter) at the endogenous PD-1 gene locus in the at least one chromosome.
[0521] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or chimeric PD-1 comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to human PD-1 (NP_005009.2) .
[0522] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or chimeric PD-1 is operably linked to a Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHP) Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a human or chimeric PD-1 is operably linked to a polyA (polyadenylation) signal sequence.
[0523] In some embodiments, the animal is a mammal, e.g., a monkey, a rodent. In some embodiments, the rodent is a mouse or a rat.
[0524] In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous PD-1. In some embodiments, the animal has one or more cells expressing human or chimeric PD-1.
[0525] In some embodiments, the animal has one or more cells expressing human or chimeric PD-1, and human PD-L1 or human PD-L2 can bind to the expressed human or chimeric PD-1.
[0526] In some embodiments, the animal has one or more cells expressing human or chimeric PD-1, and endogenous PD-L1 or endogenous PD-L2 can bind to the expressed human or chimeric PD-1.
[0527] In one aspect, the disclosure provides a genetically-modified, non-human animal, wherein the genome of the animal comprises a replacement of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous PD-1 with a sequence encoding a human PD-1 or a chimeric PD-1 at an endogenous PD-1 gene locus.
[0528] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human PD-1 or the chimeric PD-1 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous PD-1 locus, and one or more cells of the animal express the human PD-1 or the chimeric PD-1.
[0529] In some embodiments, the sequence further comprises a Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHP) Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element, and / or a polyA (polyadenylation) signal sequence.
[0530] In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous PD-1. In some embodiments, the replaced locus is located after start codon (ATG) at the endogenous PD-1 locus.
[0531] In some embodiments, the animal has one or more cells expressing a chimeric PD-1 having an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region, wherein the extracellular region comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to the extracellular region of human PD-1.
[0532] In some embodiments, the extracellular region of the chimeric PD-1 has a sequence that has at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the extracellular region of human PD-1.
[0533] In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse, and the replaced region is exon 1 of the endogenous mouse PD-1 gene.
[0534] In some embodiments, the animal is heterozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous PD-1 gene locus. In some embodiments, the animal is homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous PD-1 gene locus.
[0535] In one aspect, the disclosure provides methods for making a genetically-modified, non-human animal. In some embodiments, the methods involve replacing in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous PD-1 gene locus, a sequence encoding a region of an endogenous PD-1 with a sequence comprising at least one exon of human PD-1 gene.
[0536] In some embodiments, the methods involve inserting in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous PD-1 gene locus, a sequence comprising at least one exon of human PD-1 gene.
[0537] In some embodiments, the sequence comprising at least one exon of human PD-1 gene comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, and / or exon 5, or a part thereof, of a human PD-1 gene.
[0538] In some embodiments, the sequence comprising at least one exon of human PD-1 gene comprises exon 1, exon 2, and / or exon 3, or a part thereof, of a human PD-1 gene.
[0539] In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse, and the endogenous PD-1 locus is exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, and / or exon 5 of the mouse PD-1 gene.
[0540] In some embodiments, the region is located in exon 1 of the mouse PD-1 gene.
[0541] In one aspect, the disclosure provides a non-human animal comprising at least one cell comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a chimeric PD-1 polypeptide, wherein the chimeric PD-1 polypeptide comprises at least 50 contiguous amino acid residues that are identical to the corresponding contiguous amino acid sequence of a human PD-1, wherein the animal expresses the chimeric PD-1.
[0542] In some embodiments, the chimeric PD-1 polypeptide has at least 50 contiguous amino acid residues that are identical to the corresponding contiguous amino acid sequence of a human PD-1 extracellular region.
[0543] In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence is operably linked to an endogenous PD-1 regulatory element of the animal.
[0544] In some embodiments, the chimeric PD-1 polypeptide comprises an endogenous PD-1 transmembrane region and / or an endogenous PD-1 cytoplasmic region.
[0545] In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence is integrated to an endogenous PD-1 gene locus of the animal.
[0546] In some embodiments, the chimeric PD-1 has at least one mouse PD-1 activity and / or at least one human PD-1 activity.
[0547] In one aspect, the disclosure provides methods of making a genetically-modified mouse cell that expresses a human PD-1 or a chimeric PD-1. The methods involve replacing at an endogenous mouse PD-1 gene locus, a nucleotide sequence encoding a region of mouse PD-1 with a nucleotide sequence encoding a human PD-1 or a chimeric PD-1, thereby generating a genetically-modified mouse cell that includes a nucleotide sequence that encodes the human PD-1 or the chimeric PD-1, wherein the mouse cell expresses the human PD-1 or the chimeric PD-1.
[0548] In some embodiments, the chimeric PD-1 comprises: an extracellular region of human PD-1 comprising a human signal peptide sequence; and a transmembrane and / or a cytoplasmic region of mouse PD-1.
[0549] In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence encoding the human PD-1 or the chimeric PD-1 is operably linked to an endogenous PD-1 regulatory region, e.g., a promoter, and / or a Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHP) Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element.
[0550] In some embodiments, the humanized PD-1 comprises a humanized PD-1 extracellular region (e.g., human PD-1 extracellular region) and a endogenous PD-1 cytoplasmic region.
[0551] Methods of using genetically modified animals
[0552] Replacement of non-human genes in a non-human animal with homologous or orthologous human genes or human sequences, at the endogenous non-human locus and under control of endogenous promoters and / or regulatory elements, can result in a non-human animal with qualities and characteristics that may be substantially different from a typical knockout-plus-transgene animal. In the typical knockout-plus-transgene animal, an endogenous locus is removed or damaged and a fully human transgene is inserted into the animal's genome and presumably integrates at random into the genome. Typically, the location of the integrated transgene is unknown; expression of the human protein is measured by transcription of the human gene and / or protein assay and / or functional assay. Inclusion in the human transgene of upstream and / or downstream human sequences are apparently presumed to be sufficient to provide suitable support for expression and / or regulation of the transgene.
[0553] In some cases, the transgene with human regulatory elements expresses in a manner that is unphysiological or otherwise unsatisfactory, and can be actually detrimental to the animal. The disclosure demonstrates that a replacement with human sequence at an endogenous locus under control of endogenous regulatory elements provides a physiologically appropriate expression pattern and level that results in a useful humanized animal whose physiology with respect to the replaced gene are meaningful and appropriate in the context of the humanized animal's physiology.
[0554] Genetically modified animals that express human or humanized IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R proteins, e.g., in a physiologically appropriate manner, provide a variety of uses that include, but are not limited to, developing therapeutics for human diseases and disorders, and assessing the toxicity and / or the efficacy of these human therapeutics in the animal models.
[0555] In various aspects, genetically modified animals are provided that express human or humanized IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R, which are useful for testing therapeutic agents, testing whether antibodies targeting IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R can bind to their target antigens, testing whether an therapeutic agent can increase or decrease the immune response, and / or determining whether an agent is an IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R agonist or antagonist. The genetically modified animals can be, e.g., an animal model of a human disease, e.g., the disease is induced genetically (aknock-in or knockout) . In various embodiments, the genetically modified non-human animals further comprise an impaired immune system, e.g., a non-human animal genetically modified to sustain or maintain a human xenograft, e.g., a human solid tumor (e.g., lung cancer) or a blood cell tumor (e.g., a lymphocyte tumor, a B or T cell tumor) .
[0556] In some embodiments, the genetically modified animals can be used for determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent (e.g., antibodies targeting a human antigen) for the treatment of cancer. In some embodiments, the methods involve administering the therapeutic agent to the animal as described herein, wherein the animal has a cancer or tumor; and determining inhibitory effects of the therapeutic agent to the cancer or tumor. The inhibitory effects that can be determined include, e.g., a decrease of tumor size or tumor volume, a decrease of tumor growth, a reduction of the increase rate of tumor volume in a subject (e.g., as compared to the rate of increase in tumor volume in the same subject prior to treatment or in another subject without such treatment) , a decrease in the risk of developing a metastasis or the risk of developing one or more additional metastasis, an increase of survival rate, and an increase of life expectancy, etc. The tumor volume in a subject can be determined by various methods, e.g., as determined by direct measurement, MRI or CT. In some embodiments, the antibody can directly target cells expressing IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R.
[0557] In some embodiments, the tumor comprises one or more cancer cells (e.g., human or mouse cancer cells) that are injected into the animal.
[0558] In some embodiments, the genetically modified animals can be used for determining whether an antibody is a IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R agonist or antagonist. In some embodiments, the methods as described herein are also designed to determine the effects of the therapeutic agent (e.g., an antibody targeting IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R) on IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R, e.g., whether the agent can upregulate the immune response or downregulate immune response, and / or whether the agent can induce complement mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) or antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) . In some embodiments, the genetically modified animals can be used for determining the effective dosage of a therapeutic agent for treating a disease in the subject, e.g., cancer.
[0559] The inhibitory effects on tumors can also be determined by methods known in the art, e.g., measuring the tumor volume in the animal, and / or determining tumor (volume) inhibition rate (TGITV) . The tumor growth inhibition rate can be calculated using the formula TGITV (%) =(1 –TVt / TVc) × 100, where TVt and TVc are the mean tumor volume (or weight) of treated and control groups.
[0560] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent (e.g., an antibody targeting IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R) is designed for treating various cancers. As used herein, the term “cancer” refers to cells having the capacity for autonomous growth, i.e., an abnormal state or condition characterized by rapidly proliferating cell growth. The term is meant to include all types of cancerous growths or oncogenic processes, metastatic tissues or malignantly transformed cells, tissues, or organs, irrespective of histopathologic type or stage of invasiveness. The term “tumor” as used herein refers to cancerous cells, e.g., a mass of cancerous cells. Cancers that can be treated or diagnosed using the methods described herein include malignancies of the various organ systems, such as affecting lung, breast, thyroid, lymphoid, gastrointestinal, and genito-urinary tract, as well as adenocarcinomas which include malignancies such as most colon cancers, renal-cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and / or testicular tumors, non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the small intestine and cancer of the esophagus. In some embodiments, the agents described herein are designed for treating or diagnosing a carcinoma in a subject. The term “carcinoma” is art recognized and refers to malignancies of epithelial or endocrine tissues including respiratory system carcinomas, gastrointestinal system carcinomas, genitourinary system carcinomas, testicular carcinomas, breast carcinomas, prostatic carcinomas, endocrine system carcinomas, and melanomas. In some embodiments, the cancer is renal carcinoma or melanoma. Exemplary carcinomas include those forming from tissue of the cervix, lung, prostate, breast, head and neck, colon and ovary. The term also includes carcinosarcomas, e.g., which include malignant tumors composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous tissues. An “adenocarcinoma” refers to a carcinoma derived from glandular tissue or in which the tumor cells form recognizable glandular structures. The term “sarcoma” is art recognized and refers to malignant tumors of mesenchymal derivation.
[0561] In some embodiments, the cancer described herein is lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, leukemia, ovarian cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, gastric cancer, bladder cancer, glioma, lung cancer, bronchial cancer, bone cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver and bile duct cancer, esophageal cancer, kidney cancer, thyroid cancer, head and neck cancer, testicular cancer, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, melanoma, myeloproliferation abnormal syndromes, and sarcomas. In some embodiments, the leukemia is selected from acute lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. In some embodiments, the lymphoma is selected from Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including B-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. In some embodiments, the sarcoma is selected from the group consisting of osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, angiosarcoma, liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. In a specific embodiment, the tumor is breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer, lung cancer, or liver cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is rectal cancer, hepatobiliary cancer, solid tumors, haematological tumors, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, or lung cancer.
[0562] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent (e.g., an antibody targeting IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R) is designed for treating various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) , ulcerative colitis, or scleroderma. In some embodiments, the antibody is designed for treating various immune disorders, including allergy, asthma, and / or atopic dermatitis. Thus, the methods as described herein can be used to determine the effectiveness of an therapeutic agent (e.g., an antibody targeting IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R) in inhibiting immune response. In some embodiments, the immune disorders described herein is graft versus host disease (GVHD) , psoriasis, allergy, asthma, myocarditis, nephritis, hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, hyperthyroidism, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune liver disease, diabetes, pain or neurological disorders, etc. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent (e.g., an antibody targeting IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R) is designed for treating various inflammations, e.g., viral inflammation. In some embodiments, the inflammation described herein includes both acute inflammation and chronic inflammation. Specifically, the inflammation includes but not limited to degenerative inflammation, exudative inflammation (e.g., serous inflammation, fibrinous inflammation, suppurative inflammation, hemorrhagic inflammation, necrotic inflammation, catarrhal inflammation) , proliferative inflammation, specific inflammation (e.g., tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, or lymphogranuloma) . In some embodiments, the inflammation described herein includes infection, and the infection refers to the local tissue and systemic inflammatory response caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and / or other pathogens invading the human body.
[0563] The present disclosure also provides methods of determining toxicity of an antibody (e.g., an antibody targeting IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R) . The methods involve administering the antibody to the animal as described herein. The animal is then evaluated for its weight change, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and / or hemoglobin. In some embodiments, the antibody can decrease the red blood cells (RBC) , hematocrit, or hemoglobin by more than 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50%. In some embodiments, the animals can have a weight that is at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40%smaller than the weight of the control group (e.g., average weight of the animals that are not treated with the antibody) .
[0564] The present disclosure also relates to the use of the animal model generated through the methods as described herein in the development of a product related to an immunization processes of human cells, the manufacturing of a human antibody, or the model system for a research in pharmacology, immunology, microbiology and medicine.
[0565] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides the use of the animal model generated through the methods as described herein in the production and utilization of an animal experimental disease model of an immunization processes involving human cells, the study on a pathogen, or the development of a new diagnostic strategy and / or a therapeutic strategy.
[0566] The disclosure also relates to the use of the animal model generated through the methods as described herein in the screening, verifying, evaluating or studying the IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R gene functions, human IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R antibodies, drugs for human IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R targeting sites, the drugs or efficacies for human IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R targeting sites, the drugs for immune-related diseases and antitumor drugs.
[0567] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method to verify in vivo efficacy of TCR-T, CAR-T, and / or other immunotherapies (e.g., T-cell adoptive transfer therapies) . For example, the methods include transplanting human tumor cells into the animal described herein, and applying human CAR-T to the animal with human tumor cells. Effectiveness of the CAR-T therapy can be determined and evaluated. In some embodiments, the animal is selected from the IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R gene humanized non-human animal prepared by the methods described herein, the IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R gene humanized non-human animal described herein, the double-or multi-humanized non-human animal generated by the methods described herein (or progeny thereof) , a non-human animal expressing the human or humanized IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R protein, or the tumor-bearing or inflammatory animal models described herein. In some embodiments, the TCR-T, CAR-T, and / or other immunotherapies can treat the IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R-associated diseases described herein. In some embodiments, the TCA-T, CAR-T, and / or other immunotherapies provides an evaluation method for treating the IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R-associated diseases described herein.
[0568] EXAMPLES
[0569] The invention is further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.
[0570] Materials and Methods
[0571] The following equipment and materials used in the following examples were obtained from several companies identified below:
[0572] C57BL / 6 mice and Flp recombinase transgenic mice were purchased from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center.
[0573] PD-1 humanized mice were obtained from Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co., Ltd.
[0574] PshAI enzyme was purchased from NEB, Cat. NO.: R0593S.
[0575] Eco53KI enzyme was purchased from NEB, Cat. NO.: R0116S.
[0576] In VivoMAb anti-mouse CD3 was purchased from BioCell, Cat. NO.: BP0001-1.
[0577] In VivoMAb anti-mouse CD28 was purchased from BioCell, Cat. NO.: BE0015-1.
[0578] ELISA MAXTM Deluxe Set Mouse IFN-γ was purchased from Biolegend, Cat. NO.: 430804.
[0579] Mouse IL-12, research grade was purchased from Miltenyi Biotec, Cat. NO.: 130-096-708.
[0580] Human IL-12, premium grade was purchased from Miltenyi Biotec, Cat. NO.: 130-096-705.
[0581] EXAMPLE 1: Mice with humanized IL12RB1 gene
[0582] In this example, a non-human animal (e.g., a mouse) was modified to include a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL12RB1 protein, and the obtained genetically-modified non-human animal can express a human or humanized IL12RB1 protein in vivo. Specifically, using gene-editing techniques, under control of mouse IL12RB1 gene regulatory elements, a sequence from a portion of exon 1 to a portion of exon 14 of the mouse IL12RB1 gene, about 10.8 kb, was replaced with a corresponding sequence from a portion of exon 1 to a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB1 gene, about 24.6 kb. This resulted in a humanized IL12RB1 gene locus.
[0583] The mouse IL12RB1 gene (NCBI Gene ID: 16161) is located at 18058995 to 18098816 of chromosome 8 (NC_000074.7) , and the human IL12RB1 gene (NCBI Gene ID: 3594) is located at 18058995 to 18098816 of chromosome 19 (NC_000019.10) . The mouse IL12RB1 transcript is NM_008353.3, and the corresponding protein sequence NP_032379.2 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. The human IL12RB1 transcript is NM_005535.3, and the corresponding protein sequence NP_005526.1 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2. Mouse and human IL12RB1 gene loci are shown in FIG. 1.
[0584] FIG. 2 shows an exemplary humanization strategy for the IL12RB1 locus. The targeting strategy involves a vector comprising a 5’ homologous arm, a human IL12RB1 gene fragment, and a 3’ homologous arm. The process involves replacing endogenous IL12RB1 sequence with human sequence by homologous recombination.
[0585] To implement the targeting strategy, a targeting vector V1 was constructed. The targeting vector V1 contains homologous arm sequences upstream and downstream of the mouse IL12RB1 gene, and an “A Fragment” containing DNA sequences of the human IL12RB1 gene. Specifically, sequence of the upstream 5’ homologous arm (5’ homologous arm, SEQ ID NO: 3) is identical to nucleotide sequence at positions 71257469 to 71261195 of NCBI accession number NC_000074.7, and sequence of the downstream 3’ homologous arm (3’ homologous arm, SEQ ID NO: 4) is identical to nucleotide sequence at positions 71271998 to 71274804 of NCBI accession number NC_000074.7. The nucleotide sequence of the human IL12RB1 gene fragment (SEQ ID NO: 5) is identical to nucleotide sequence at positions 18062249 to 18086823 of NCBI accession number NC_000019.10. The connection between the upstream of the human IL12RB1 gene fragment and the mouse sequence was designed as: (SEQ ID NO: 6) , wherein the last “T” in sequence “CTCCT” is the last nucleotide of the mouse sequence, and the first “C” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the human sequence. The connection between the downstream of the human IL12RB1 gene fragment and the mouse sequence was designed as (without the Neo cassette) : (SEQ ID NO: 7) , wherein the last “C” in sequence “TCTTC” is the last nucleotide of the human sequence, and the first “T” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the mouse sequence.
[0586] The targeting vector V1 also includes a resistance gene for positive clone selection, namely the neomycin phosphotransferase coding sequence (Neo) , flanked by two site-specific recombination system Frt recombination sites arranged in the same direction, forming a Neo cassette. The connection between the 5’ end of the Neo cassette and the human IL12RB1 gene sequence was designed as: (SEQ ID NO: 8) , wherein the last “G” in sequence “CACAG” is the last nucleotide of the human sequence, and the first “G” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the Neo cassette. The connection between the 3’ end of the Neo cassette and the human IL12RB1 gene sequence was designed as: (SEQ ID NO: 9) , wherein the last “C” in sequence “CCACC” is the last nucleotide of the Neo cassette, and the first “C” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the human sequence. The mRNA sequence of the engineered humanized mouse IL12RB1 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, and its encoded protein sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11.
[0587] The targeting vector V1 was constructed, e.g., by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. The constructed targeting vector V1 sequences were preliminarily confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, and then verified by sequencing. Embryonic stem cells of C57BL / 6 mice were transfected by electroporation with the targeting vector V1 that had been verified as correct. The obtained cells were screened using a positive clone selection marker gene to identify the correct positive clone cells. The correct positive clone cells (black mice) were introduced into isolated blastocysts (white mice) using techniques known in the art. The resulting chimeric blastocysts were briefly cultured in a medium and then transplanted into the fallopian tubes of recipient female mice (white mice) , producing F0 generation chimeric mice (black and white) . The F0 chimeric mice were backcrossed with wild-type mice to obtain F1 generation mice. The F1 heterozygous mice were then interbred to produce F2 generation homozygous mice. Additionally, positive (e.g., heterozygous) mice were mated with Flp tool mice to remove the positive clone selection marker gene, and subsequent interbreeding produced IL12RB1 gene humanized homozygous mice.
[0588] The genotype of somatic cells in F1 generation mice was identified using the PCR method. PCR identification was performed using the primers described in the table below. Exemplary results are shown in FIGs. 3A-3B. Based on the PCR and sequencing results, 12 mice numbered from F1-1 to F1-12 were positive mice. This indicates that the method can construct IL12RB1 gene humanized mice that can be stably passed on without random insertion.
[0589] Table 7. PCR primer sequences and target fragment size
[0590] The expression of mRNA in IL12RB1 gene humanized mice was detected by RT-PCR. Specifically, one 7-week-old C57BL / 6 mouse (+ / +) and one 7-week-old male IL12RB1 gene humanized heterozygous (H / +) mouse prepared in this study were selected. After euthanasia by cervical dislocation, thymus and spleen tissues were collected, and RT-PCR detection was performed using the primer sequences shown in the table below. The results are shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows that only mouse IL12RB1 mRNA was detected in the wild-type C57BL / 6 mouse, and no human IL12RB1 mRNA was detected. In the IL12RB1 gene humanized heterozygous mouse, both mouse IL12RB1 mRNA and human IL12RB1 mRNA were detected.
[0591] Table 8. RT-PCR primer sequences and target fragment size
[0592] EXAMPLE 2: Mice with humanized IL12RB2 gene (V2 and V3)
[0593] In this example, a non-human animal (e.g., a mouse) was modified to include a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL12RB2 protein, and the obtained genetically-modified non-human animal can express a human or humanized IL12RB2 protein in vivo. Specifically, using gene-editing techniques, under control of mouse IL12RB2 gene regulatory elements, a chimeric coding DNA sequence (CDS) sequence containing human and mouse sequences is inserted into the mouse exon 2 gene locus. The human sequence includes a portion of exon 2 to a portion of exon 14 of the IL12RB2 gene, while the mouse sequence includes a portion of exon 14 and the entire exons 15~16, resulting in a humanized IL12RB2 gene locus.
[0594] The mouse IL12RB2 gene (NCBI Gene ID: 16162) is located at 67263914 to 67353277 of chromosome 6 (NC_000072.7) , and the human IL12RB2 gene (NCBI Gene ID: 3595) is located at 67307364 to 67398724 of chromosome 1 (NC_000001.11) . The mouse IL12RB2 transcript is NM_008354.4, and the corresponding protein sequence NP_032380.1 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12. The human IL12RB2 transcript is NM_001559.3, and the corresponding protein sequence NP_001550.1 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13. Mouse and human IL12RB2 gene loci are shown in FIG. 5.
[0595] FIG. 6 shows an exemplary humanization strategy for the mouse IL12RB2 locus. The targeting strategy involves a vector comprising a 5’ homologous arm, a human or humanized IL12RB2 gene fragment, and a 3’ homologous arm. The targeting strategy involves inserting, into exon 2 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene, a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL12RB2. To implement the targeting strategy, a targeting vector V2 was constructed. The targeting vector V2 contains homologous arm sequences upstream and downstream of the mouse IL12RB2 gene, and an “A1 Fragment” containing DNA sequences of the human IL12RB2 gene. Specifically, sequence of the upstream 5’ homologous arm (5’ homologous arm, SEQ ID NO: 14) is identical to nucleotide sequence at positions 67338866 to 67343072 of NCBI accession number NC_000072.7, and sequence of the downstream 3’ homologous arm (3’ homologous arm, SEQ ID NO: 15) is 99%identical to nucleotide sequence at positions 67334870 to 67338865 of NCBI accession number NC_000072.7. with a guanine (G) to cytosine (C) mutation at position 67338729. The A1 fragment, from 5’ to 3’ , contains human IL12RB2 fragment, mouse IL12RB2 fragment, and STOP sequences. The nucleotide sequence of the human IL12RB2 fragment (SEQ ID NO: 24) is identical to the nucleotide sequence from position 201 to position 2000 of NM_001559.3. The connection between the upstream of the human IL12RB2 gene sequence and the mouse sequence was designed as: (SEQ ID NO: 16) , wherein the last “A” in sequence “AAGCA” is the last nucleotide of the mouse sequence, and the first “A” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the human sequence. The connection between the downstream of the human IL12RB2 gene sequence and the mouse sequence was designed as (without the Neo cassette) : (SEQ ID NO: 17) , wherein the last “G” in sequence “ATTGG” is the last nucleotide of the human sequence, and the first “A” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the mouse sequence. The nucleotide sequence of the mouse IL12RB2 fragment in the A2 segment is SEQ ID NO: 67, and the STOP sequence is SEQ ID NO: 68.
[0596] The targeting vector V2 also includes a resistance gene for positive clone selection, namely the neomycin phosphotransferase coding sequence (Neo) , flanked by two site-specific recombination system Frt recombination sites arranged in the same direction, forming a Neo cassette. The connection between the 5’ end of the Neo cassette and the STOP sequence was designed as: 5’- (SEQ ID NO: 18) , wherein the last “T” in sequence “TTAAT” is the last nucleotide of the STOP sequence, and the first “G” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the Neo cassette. The connection between the 3’ end of the Neo cassette and the human IL12RB2 gene sequence was designed as: (SEQ ID NO: 19) , wherein the last “C” in sequence “ACTTC” is the last nucleotide of the Neo cassette, and the first “A” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the human sequence. The mRNA sequence of the engineered humanized mouse IL12RB2 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20, and its encoded protein sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0597] The targeting vector V2 was constructed, e.g., by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. The constructed targeting vector V2 sequences were preliminarily confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, and then verified by sequencing. Embryonic stem cells of C57BL / 6 mice were transfected by electroporation with the targeting vector V2 that had been verified as correct. The obtained cells were screened using a positive clone selection marker gene to identify the correct positive clone cells. The correct positive clone cells (black mice) were introduced into isolated blastocysts (white mice) using techniques known in the art. The resulting chimeric blastocysts were briefly cultured in a medium and then transplanted into the fallopian tubes of recipient female mice (white mice) , producing F0 generation chimeric mice (black and white) . The F0 chimeric mice were backcrossed with wild-type mice to obtain F1 generation mice. The F1 heterozygous mice were then interbred to produce F2 generation homozygous mice. Additionally, positive (e.g., heterozygous) mice were mated with Flp tool mice to remove the positive clone selection marker gene, and subsequent interbreeding produced IL12RB2 gene humanized homozygous mice.
[0598] Additionally, CRISPR / Cas9 technology was used for gene editing to further design targeting strategies. FIG. 7 shows another exemplary humanization strategy for the mouse IL12RB2 locus. The targeting strategy involves a vector comprising a 5’ homologous arm, a human or humanized IL12RB2 gene fragment, and a 3’ homologous arm. The targeting strategy involves inserting, into exon 2 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene, a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL12RB2. The figure shows that targeting vector V3 contains homologous arm sequences upstream and downstream of the mouse IL12RB2 gene, as well as an A2 fragment containing human IL12RB2. The upstream 5’ homologous arm sequence (SEQ ID NO: 22) is identical to the nucleotide sequence from position 67338866 to 67339936 of NCBI accession number NC_000072.7, and the downstream 3’ homologous arm sequence (SEQ ID NO: 23) is identical to the nucleotide sequence from position 67337484 to 67338865 of NCBI accession number NC_000072.7. The A2 fragment contains human IL12RB2 fragment (SEQ ID NO: 24) , mouse IL12RB2 fragment (SEQ ID NO: 67) , and STOP sequence (SEQ ID NO: 68) . The mRNA sequence of the humanized IL12RB2 mouse after modification is shown in SEQ ID NO: 20, and the expressed protein sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0599] The construction of the targeting vector V3 was carried out using conventional methods, e.g., enzyme digestion and ligation, or direct synthesis. The constructed targeting vector V3 is preliminarily verified by enzyme digestion and then sent to a sequencing company for sequencing verification. The sequenced targeting vector V3 with correct sequence is used for subsequent experiments.
[0600] The target sequence determines the targeting specificity of sgRNA and the efficiency of Cas9-induced gene cutting. Therefore, the selection and design of highly specific target sequences are prerequisites for constructing sgRNA expression vectors. The sgRNA sequence recognizing the target site is designed and synthesized. An exemplary sgRNA target sequence in the IL12RB2 gene is as follows:
[0601] sgRNA1 target site (SEQ ID NO: 47) : 5’-TAAATAAGCTAATACTATAGAGG-3’.
[0602] The activity of sgRNA is determined using the UCA kit to confirm its ability to mediate efficient cutting. After adding enzyme cutting sites to the 5’ end and complementary strand, the annealed product is ligated into the pT7-sgRNA plasmid (linearized with BbsI) , obtaining the expression vectors pT7-IL12RB2-1 and pT7-IL12RB2-2. After screening marker genes, IL12RB2 gene humanized homozygous mice were obtained through interbreeding.
[0603] Table 9. sgRNA1 sequences
[0604] The genotype of F1 generation mouse somatic cells was identified using PCR. For F1 mice identified as positive by PCR, Southern blot detection was performed to confirm the absence of random insertions. Genomic DNA was extracted from mouse tails and digested with PshAI or Eco53KI enzymes, followed by membrane transfer and hybridization. The 3’ probe (3’Probe) and LR probe (LR Probe) were located downstream of the 3’ homologous arm and upstream of the 5’ homologous arm, respectively. The specific probe and target fragment lengths are shown in the table below. Exemplary results are shown in FIG. 8. Combined with PCR and sequencing results, mice numbered F1-01, F1-02, F1-04, and F1-06 were identified as positive mice. This indicates that the method can construct IL12RB2 gene humanized mice that can be stably passed on without random insertion.
[0605] Table 10. Size of specific probes and target fragments
[0606] 3’Probe-F (SEQ ID NO: 39) : 5’-TCTTCCAACTCGTCCAACACAGGC-3’,
[0607] 3’Probe-R (SEQ ID NO: 40) : 5’-TGATGTTGTCACCTGGTGATTCCATTG-3’; and
[0608] LR Probe -F (SEQ ID NO: 41) : 5’-GGACTCTCATTCTGCCATTTTGTG-3’,
[0609] LR Probe -R (SEQ ID NO: 42) : 5’-TGCTTTAATCAGCAGCCACATGAACAA-3’.
[0610] The expression of mRNA in IL12RB2 gene humanized mice was detected by RT-PCR. Specifically, one 10-week-old C57BL / 6 mouse (+ / +) and one 10-week-old IL12RB2 gene humanized heterozygous (H / +) mouse prepared in this study were selected. After euthanasia by cervical dislocation, spleen tissue was collected, and RT-PCR detection was performed using the primer sequences shown in the table below. The results are shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 9 shows that only mouse IL12RB2 mRNA was detected in the wild-type C57BL / 6 mouse, and no human IL12RB2 mRNA was detected. In the IL12RB2 gene humanized heterozygous mice, both human IL12RB2 mRNA and mouse IL12RB2 mRNA were detected.
[0611] Table 11. RT-PCR primer sequences and target fragment size
[0612] EXAMPLE 3: Mice with humanized IL12RB2 (V4)
[0613] In this example, a non-human animal (e.g., a mouse) was modified to include a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL12RB2 protein, and the obtained genetically-modified non-human animal can express a human or humanized IL12RB2 protein in vivo. Specifically, using gene-editing techniques, under control of mouse IL12RB2 gene regulatory elements, a sequence from a portion of exon 2 to a portion of exon 14 of the mouse IL12RB2 gene, about 63.8 kb, was replaced with a corresponding sequence from a portion of exon 2 to a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB2 gene, about 66.3 kb. This resulted in a humanized IL12RB2 gene locus.
[0614] FIG. 10 shows an exemplary humanization strategy for the IL12RB2 locus. The targeting strategy involves a vector comprising a 5’ homologous arm, a human IL12RB2 gene fragment, and a 3’ homologous arm. The process can involve replacing endogenous IL12RB2 sequence with human sequence by homologous recombination.
[0615] To implement the targeting strategy, a targeting vector V4 was constructed. The targeting vector V4 contains homologous arm sequences upstream and downstream of the mouse IL12RB2 gene, and an “A3 Fragment” containing DNA sequences of the human IL12RB2 gene. Specifically, the nucleotide sequence of the upstream 5’ homologous arm (5’ homologous arm) is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48. The nucleotide sequence of the downstream 3’ homologous arm (3’ homologous arm) is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49. The nucleotide sequence of human IL12RB2 fragment is identical to nucleotide sequence at positions 67320369 to 67386643 of NCBI accession number NC_000001.11. The connection between the upstream of the human IL12RB2 gene sequence and the mouse sequence was designed as: (SEQ ID NO: 51) , wherein the last “C” in sequence “GACTC” is the last nucleotide of the mouse sequence, and the first “A” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the human sequence. The connection between the downstream of the human IL12RB2 gene sequence and the mouse sequence was designed as (without the Neo cassette) : (SEQ ID NO: 52) , wherein the last “T” in sequence “GCATT” is the last nucleotide of the human sequence, and the first “T” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the mouse sequence.
[0616] The targeting vector V4 also includes a resistance gene for positive clone selection, namely the neomycin phosphotransferase coding sequence (Neo) , flanked by two site-specific recombination system Frt recombination sites arranged in the same direction, forming a Neo cassette. The connection between the 5’ end of the Neo cassette and the human IL12RB2 sequence was designed as: (SEQ ID NO: 53) , wherein the last “C” in sequence “ACATC” is the last nucleotide of the human sequence, and the first “T” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the Neo cassette. The connection between the 3’ end of the Neo cassette and the human IL12RB2 gene sequence was designed as: (SEQ ID NO: 54) , wherein the last “C” in sequence “AGCCC” is the last nucleotide of the Neo cassette, and the first “A” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the human sequence. The mRNA sequence of the engineered humanized mouse IL12RB2 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55, and its encoded protein sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56.
[0617] The targeting vector V4 was constructed, e.g., by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. The constructed targeting vector V4 sequences were preliminarily confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, and then verified by sequencing. Embryonic stem cells of C57BL / 6 mice were transfected by electroporation with the targeting vector V4 that had been verified as correct. The obtained cells were screened using a positive clone selection marker gene to identify the correct positive clone cells. The correct positive clone cells (black mice) were introduced into isolated blastocysts (white mice) using techniques known in the art. The resulting chimeric blastocysts were briefly cultured in a medium and then transplanted into the fallopian tubes of recipient female mice (white mice) , producing F0 generation chimeric mice (black and white) . The F0 chimeric mice were backcrossed with wild-type mice to obtain F1 generation mice. The F1 heterozygous mice were then interbred to produce F2 generation homozygous mice. Additionally, positive (e.g., heterozygous) mice were mated with Flp tool mice to remove the positive clone selection marker gene, and subsequent interbreeding produced IL12RB2 gene humanized homozygous mice.
[0618] The genotype of F1 generation mouse somatic cells was identified using PCR as described in all previous Examples. PCR detection was performed using the primer sequences shown in the table below. The exemplary results are shown in FIG. 11. Combining the PCR and sequencing results, one mouse, labeled F1-1, was identified as a positive mouse. This indicates that this method as described in the examples can construct IL12RB2 gene humanized mice that are stably passaged on without random insertions.
[0619] Table 12. PCR primer sequences and target fragment size
[0620] The expression of mRNA in IL12RB2 gene humanized mice was also detected by RT-PCR. Specifically, one 12-week-old C57BL / 6 mouse (+ / +) and one 12-week-old male IL12RB2 gene humanized heterozygous (H / +) mouse prepared in this study were selected. After euthanasia by cervical dislocation, spleen tissue was collected, and RT-PCR detection was performed using the primer sequences shown in the table below. The results are shown in FIG. 12. FIG. 12 shows that only mouse IL12RB2 mRNA was detected in the wild-type C57BL / 6 mouse, and no human IL12RB2 mRNA was detected. In the IL12RB2 gene humanized heterozygous mice, both human IL12RB2 mRNA and mouse IL12RB2 mRNA were detected.
[0621] Table 13. RT-PCR primer sequences and target fragment size
[0622] EXAMPLE 4: Mice with humanized IL23R
[0623] In this example, a non-human animal (e.g., a mouse) was modified to include a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized IL23R protein, and the obtained genetically-modified non-human animal can express a human or humanized IL23R protein in vivo. Specifically, using gene-editing techniques, a sequence from a portion of exon 3 to a portion of intron 3 of the mouse IL23R gene, about 5.52 kb, was replaced with a chimeric coding DNA sequence (CDS) encoding an amino acid sequence that includes the extracellular region of the human IL23R protein, and the signal peptide, transmembrane region, and intracellular region of the mouse IL23R protein. This resulted in a humanized IL23R gene locus.
[0624] The mouse IL23R gene (NCBI Gene ID: 209590) is located at 67399906 to 67468838 of chromosome 6 (NC_000072.7) , and the human IL23R gene (NCBI Gene ID: 149233) is located at 67138637 to 67265903 of chromosome 1 (NC_000001.11) . The mouse IL23R transcript is NM_144548.2, and the corresponding protein sequence NP_653131.3 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. The human IL23R transcript is NM_144701.3, and the corresponding protein sequence NP_653302.2 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59. Mouse and human IL23R gene loci are shown in FIG. 13.
[0625] FIG. 14 shows an exemplary humanization strategy for the IL23R locus. The targeting strategy involves a vector comprising a 5’ homologous arm, a humanized IL23R gene fragment, and a 3’ homologous arm. The process can involve replacing endogenous IL23R sequence with a humanized sequence by homologous recombination. In some embodiments, the cleavage at the upstream and the downstream of the target site (e.g., by zinc finger nucleases, TALEN or CRISPR) can result in DNA double strands break, and the homologous recombination is used to replace endogenous IL23R sequence with the humanized IL23R sequence.
[0626] To implement the targeting strategy, a targeting vector V5 was constructed. The targeting vector V5 contains homologous arm sequences upstream and downstream of the mouse IL23R gene, and an “A4 Fragment” . The A4 fragment contains the P2A linker peptide sequence, the human-mouse chimeric IL23R CDS (SEQ ID NO: 69) , the 3’-UTR and its downstream sequence of the mouse IL23R (SEQ ID NO: 70) , and the 3×SV40 sequence. Specifically, sequence of the upstream 5’ homologous arm is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 65, and sequence of the downstream 3’ homologous arm is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 66. The connection between the upstream mouse IL23R sequence and the human-mouse chimeric IL23R CDS was designed as: 5’- (SEQ ID NO: 72) , wherein the last “T” in sequence is the last nucleotide of the mouse sequence, and the first “A” in sequence “ATGA” is the first nucleotide of the human-mouse chimeric IL23R CDS sequence. The underlined sequence with a curve is the P2A sequence. The connection between the downstream of the human-mouse chimeric IL23R CDS and the mouse IL23R 3’-UTR was designed as (without the Neo cassette) : (SEQ ID NO: 73) , wherein the last “G” in sequence is the last nucleotide of the human-mouse chimeric IL23R CDS, and the first “A” in sequence “ACTA” is the first nucleotide of the 3’-UTR and its downstream mouse IL23R sequence. The connection between the 3’-UTR and its downstream the mouse IL23R sequence and the 3×SV40 fragment was designed as (SEQ ID NO: 74) , wherein the last “T” in sequence is the last nucleotide of the 3’-UTR and its downstream mouse IL23R sequence, and the first “A” in sequence “AGCG” is the first nucleotide of the 3×SV40 fragment. The connection between the 3×SV40 fragment and the 3’ homologous arm was designed as (SEQ ID NO: 75) , wherein the last “C” in sequence is the last nucleotide of the 3×SV40 fragment, and the first “C” in sequence “CACT” is the first nucleotide of the 3’ homologous arm. The F0 chimeric mice were backcrossed with wild-type mice to obtain F1 generation mice. The F1 heterozygous mice were then interbred to produce F2 generation homozygous mice.
[0627] The targeting vector V5 also includes a resistance gene for positive clone selection, namely the neomycin phosphotransferase coding sequence (Neo) , flanked by two site-specific recombination system Frt recombination sites arranged in the same direction, forming a Neo cassette. The connection between the 5’ end of the Neo cassette and the 3×SV40 fragment was designed as: (SEQ ID NO: 76) , wherein the last “C” in sequence is the last nucleotide of the 3×SV40 fragment, and the first “G” in sequence “GAAG” is the first nucleotide of the Neo cassette. The connection between the 3’ end of the Neo cassette and the mouse IL23R sequence was designed as: (SEQ ID NO: 77) , wherein the last “C” in sequence is the last nucleotide of the Neo cassette, and the first “C” in sequence “CACT” is the first nucleotide of the mouse IL23R sequence. The mRNA sequence of the engineered humanized mouse IL23R is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 71, and its encoded protein sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 78.
[0628] The targeting vector V5 was constructed, e.g., by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. The constructed targeting vector V5 sequences were preliminarily confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, and then verified by sequencing. Embryonic stem cells of C57BL / 6 mice were transfected by electroporation with the targeting vector V1 that had been verified as correct. The obtained cells were screened using a positive clone selection marker gene to identify the correct positive clone cells. The correct positive clone cells (black mice) were introduced into isolated blastocysts (white mice) using techniques known in the art. The resulting chimeric blastocysts were briefly cultured in a medium and then transplanted into the fallopian tubes of recipient female mice (white mice) , producing F0 generation chimeric mice (black and white) . The F0 chimeric mice were backcrossed with wild-type mice to obtain F1 generation mice. The F1 heterozygous mice were then interbred to produce F2 generation homozygous mice. Additionally, positive (e.g., heterozygous) mice were mated with Flp tool mice to remove the positive clone selection marker gene, and subsequent interbreeding produced IL23R gene humanized homozygous mice.
[0629] Additionally, gene editing can also be performed using the CRISPR / Cas9 system. FIG. 15 shows another exemplary humanization strategy for a mouse IL23R locus. The figure displays the targeting vector with upstream homologous arm (5’ homologous arm) and downstream homologous arm (3’ homologous arm) sequences, along with a human or humanized IL23R nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, sgRNA sequences that recognize the 5' and 3' end target sites are employed to create double strand breaks at the desired insertion / replacement site. The target sequence determines the specificity of sgRNA and the efficiency of inducing Cas9 cleavage in the target gene. Therefore, the selection and design of highly efficient and specific target sequences are prerequisites for constructing sgRNA expression vectors.
[0630] Additionally, CRISPR / Cas9 technology was used for gene editing to further design targeting strategies, and targeting vector V6 was constructed. The targeting vector V6 contains homologous arm sequences upstream and downstream of the mouse IL23R gene, as well as an A5 fragment. The A5 fragment contains the P2A linker peptide sequence, the human-mouse chimeric IL23R CDS (SEQ ID NO: 69) , the 3’-UTR and its downstream sequence of the mouse IL23R (SEQ ID NO: 70) , and the 3×SV40 sequence. The upstream 5’ homologous arm sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 79, and the downstream 3’ homologous arm sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 80. The mRNA sequence of the humanized IL23R mouse after modification is shown in SEQ ID NO: 71, and the expressed protein sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 78.
[0631] The construction of the targeting vector V6 was carried out using conventional methods, e.g., enzyme digestion and ligation, or direct synthesis. The constructed targeting vector V6 is preliminarily verified by enzyme digestion and then sent to a sequencing company for sequencing verification. The sequenced targeting vector V6 with correct sequence is used for subsequent experiments.
[0632] The target sequence determines the targeting specificity of sgRNA and the efficiency of Cas9-induced gene cutting. Therefore, the selection and design of highly specific target sequences are prerequisites for constructing sgRNA expression vectors. The sgRNA sequence recognizing the target site is designed and synthesized. An exemplary sgRNA target sequence in the IL23R gene is as follows:
[0633] sgRNA2 target site (SEQ ID NO: 81) : 5’-TCTATAGTACTTACGTCCAGAGG-3’;
[0634] sgRNA3 target site (SEQ ID NO: 82) : 5’-AGTTACTGACATCCTTGCACTGG-3’.
[0635] The activity of sgRNA is determined using the UCA kit to confirm its ability to mediate efficient cutting. After adding enzyme cutting sites to the 5’ end and complementary strand, the annealed product is ligated into the pT7-sgRNA plasmid (linearized with BbsI) , obtaining the expression vectors pT7-IL23R-1 and pT7-IL23R-2.
[0636] Table 14. Sequences of sgRNA2 and sgRNA3
[0637] The pT7-sgRNA vector was synthesized, which included a DNA fragment containing the T7 promoter and sgRNA scaffold (SEQ ID NO: 47) , and was ligated to the backbone vector (Takara, Catalog number: 3299) after restriction enzyme digestion (EcoRI and BamHI) . The resulting plasmid was confirmed by sequencing. The pre-mixed Cas9 mRNA, the targeting vector, and in vitro transcription products of the pT7-IL23R-1 and pT7-IL23R-2 plasmids (using AmbionTM in vitro transcription kit to carry out the transcription according to the method provided in the product instruction) were injected into the cytoplasm or nucleus of mouse fertilized eggs (e.g., C57BL / 6 mice) with a microinjection instrument. The microinjection of fertilized eggs was carried out according to the method described, e.g., in A. Nagy, et al., “Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual (Third Edition) , ” Chemistry Industry Press, 2006. The injected fertilized eggs were briefly cultured in a medium and then transplanted into the fallopian tubes of the recipient female mice for development. The resulting mice (F0 generation) were bred through cross-breeding and self-breeding to expand the population and establish a stable IL23R gene humanized mouse line.
[0638] The genotype of somatic cells in F1 generation mice was identified using the PCR method. PCR identification was performed using the primers described in the table below. Exemplary results are shown in FIGs. 23A-23B. 4 mice numbered from F1-1 to F1-4 were positive mice.
[0639] Table 15. PCR primer sequences and recombinant fragment size
[0640] EXAMPLE 5: Generation of double-or multi-gene humanized mice
[0641] The methods described herein or the IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R gene humanized mice produced by the disclosed methods can also be used to create multi-humanized mouse models. For example, in Example 1, the embryonic stem cells used for microinjection can be obtained from mice containing at least one gene modification such as modified (e.g., human or humanized) IL12RB2, IL12A, IL12B, IL23A, IL23R, ICOS, NKP46, HER2, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4. Alternatively, based on the humanized IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R mice, double or multi-humanized mouse models can be obtained using isolated mouse embryonic stem cells and gene recombination targeting techniques. IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R homozygous or heterozygous mice obtained by the methods described herein can also be crossed with other gene-modified mice. Their offspring can be screened, and according to Mendelian inheritance, there is a certain probability of obtaining multi-gene modified mice with humanized IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R gene and other gene modifications. Interbreeding these heterozygous mice can produce homozygous mice with double or multiple gene modifications.
[0642] Taking IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice as an example, the IL12RB1 gene humanized mice prepared in Example 1 were mated with the IL12RB2 gene humanized homozygous mice prepared in Example 2. After screening the offspring, IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice were obtained.
[0643] The expression of mRNA in IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice can be detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that only mouse IL12RB1 mRNA and mouse IL12RB2 mRNA were detected in wild-type C57BL / 6 mice, and human IL12RB1 mRNA and human IL12RB2 mRNA were not detected. Human IL12RB1 mRNA and human IL12RB2 mRNA were detected in IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice.
[0644] Furthermore, ELISA was used to detect the secretion of IFN-γ in wild-type mice and IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized heterozygous mice. Specifically, 3 wild-type C57BL / 6 mice and 3 IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized heterozygous mice were selected. After euthanasia, the spleen tissue was collected and processed into a single-cell suspension. CD4+ T cells were sorted and treated with anti-mouse CD3ε antibody (anti-mCD3ε, concentration 0.4 μg / mL) , anti-mouse CD28 antibody (anti-mCD28, concentration 0.8 μg / mL) , various concentrations of mouse IL12 recombinant protein (mIL12, concentration 0.008 μg / mL, 0.04 μg / mL, 0.2 μg / mL, 1 μg / mL, or 4 μg / mL) , and / or human IL12 recombinant protein (hIL12, concentration 0.008 μg / mL, 0.04 μg / mL, 0.2 μg / mL, 1 μg / mL, or 4 μg / mL) . After an incubation at 37℃ for 48 hours, the cell culture supernatant was collected for ELISA to detect the secretion of mIFN-γ. The results are shown in FIG. 16A-16B. The results showed that under the stimulation of hIL12 and mIL12, the mIFN-γ content increased in both wild-type mice and IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized heterozygous mice.
[0645] In addition, the IL12RB1 gene humanized mice prepared in Example 1 were mated with the IL12RB2 gene humanized homozygous mice prepared in Example 3. After screening the offspring, IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus double-gene humanized mice were obtained. Similar to the above methods, RT-PCR detected the expression of human IL12RB1 mRNA and human IL12RB2 mRNA in IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus double-gene humanized mice.
[0646] Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to perform immunophenotyping on the spleen, lymph nodes, and blood tissues of C57BL / 6 wild-type mice, IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized homozygous mice, and IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus double-gene humanized homozygous mice. Specifically, 3 6-week-old female C57BL / 6 wild-type mice, 3 9-week-old IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus double-gene humanized mice, and 3 6-week-old IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized homozygous mice were selected. After euthanasia by cervical dislocation, the spleen, lymph nodes, and blood tissues were collected. Immunophenotyping was performed using antibodies. The results showed that the leukocyte subtypes such as T, B, and NK cells in IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus double-gene humanized mice and IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice were similar to those in wild-type mice, and the percentages of T cell subtypes such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Tregs cells were similar to those in C57BL / 6 wild-type mice. This indicated that the humanization of IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus double-gene humanized mice and IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice does not affect the differentiation, development, and distribution of leukocytes and T cells in the spleen, lymph nodes, and blood of mice.
[0647] In another experiment, ELISA was used to detect the secretion of IFN-γ in wild-type mice (+ / +) , IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice, and IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus double-gene humanized mice. Similar to the previous experiments, 3 wild-type C57BL / 6 mice, 3 IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized homozygous mice, and 3 IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus homozygous mice were selected. After euthanasia, the spleen tissue was collected and processed into a single-cell suspension. CD4+ T cells were sorted and treated with anti-mouse CD3εantibody (anti-mCD3ε, concentration 0.4 μg / mL) , anti-mouse CD28 antibody (anti-mCD28, concentration 0.8 μg / mL) , various concentrations of mouse IL12 recombinant protein (mIL12, concentration 0, 0.1 ng / mL, 1 ng / mL, 10 ng / mL, 100 ng / mL, or 1000 ng / mL) , and / or human IL12 recombinant protein (hIL12, concentration 0, 0.1 ng / mL, 1 ng / mL, 10 ng / mL, 100 ng / mL, or 1000 ng / mL) . After an incubation at 37℃ for 48 hours, the cell culture supernatant was collected for ELISA to detect the secretion of mIFN-γ. The results are shown in FIG. 17. The results showed that various concentrations of mIL12 induced the production of mIFN-γ in humanized mice and wild-type mice with a dose effect, while hIL12 only induced the secretion of mouse IFN-γ in humanized mice (IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice and IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus mice) .
[0648] The above results indicated that the IL12RB1 and IL12RB2 proteins of the IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice of the present disclosure can be normally expressed and mediate downstream IFN-γ secretion.
[0649] For another example, the IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice prepared as in the above examples were mated with PD-1 humanized mice. After screening the offspring, PD-1 / IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 multi-gene humanized mice were obtained.
[0650] The protein expression of PD-1 in wild-type C57BL / 6 mice and PD-1 / IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 multi-gene humanized mice was detected by flow cytometry. Specifically, 1 wild-type C57BL / 6 mouse (+ / +) and 1 PD-1 / IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 multi-gene humanized homozygous mouse (H / H) was selected and treated with anti-mouse CD3ε antibody (anti-mCD3ε, 7.5 μg / mouse, intraperitoneal injection) for 24 hours. After euthanasia, the spleen tissue was collected and processed it into a single-cell suspension. The suspended single cells were stained with antibodies (e.g., Brilliant PerCP anti-mouse CD45 Antibody (mCD45) , Brilliant Violet 711TM anti-mouse TCRβ chain Antibody (mTCRβ) , PE anti-mouse CD279 (PD-1) Antibody, and FITC anti-human CD279 (PD-1) Antibody) , and analyzed for protein expression by flow cytometry.
[0651] T cells were characterized as mCD45+mTCRβ+. The mouse PD-1 positive T cells were characterized as mCD45+mTCRβ+mPD-1+. The human PD-1 positive T cells were characterized as mCD45+mTCRβ+hPD-1+.
[0652] Table 16. Results of flowcytometry
[0653] As shown in Table 16, only T cells expressing mouse PD-1 protein were detected in wild-type C57BL / 6 mice (+ / +) , while only T cells expressing humanized PD-1 protein were detected in PD-1 / IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 multi-gene humanized homozygous mice (H / H) .
[0654] Furthermore, ELISA was used to detect the secretion of IFN-γ in wild-type mice and PD-1 / IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 multi-gene humanized mice. Specifically, 3 14-week-old wild-type C57BL / 6 mice (+ / +) and 3 14-week-old PD-1 / IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 multi-gene humanized homozygous mice (H / H) were selected. After euthanasia, spleen tissues were collected and processed into single-cell suspensions. CD4+ T cells were sorted and treated with anti-mouse CD3 antibody (anti-mCD3ε, concentration 0.4 μg / mL) , anti-mouse CD28 antibody (anti-mCD28, concentration 0.8 μg / mL) , mouse IL12 recombinant protein (mIL12, concentration 100 ng / mL) , and human IL12 recombinant protein (hIL12, concentration 100 ng / mL) . The control group was not treated with IL12. After 48 hours of incubation at 37℃, the cell culture supernatant was collected for ELISA to detect the secretion of mIFN-γ. The results are shown in FIG. 22. The results indicated that after mIL-12 treatment, IFN-γ increased in both wild-type C57BL / 6 mice (+ / +) and PD-1 / IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 multi-gene humanized homozygous mice (H / H) . After hIL-12 treatment, IFN-γ increased only in PD-1 / IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 multi-gene humanized homozygous mice (H / H) . This indicates that the IL1IL12RB1 and IL12RB2 proteins of PD-1 / IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 multi-gene humanized mice can be normally expressed and mediate downstream IFN-γ secretion.
[0655] For example, the ES cells of IL12RB1 gene humanized homozygous mice prepared in Example 1 were isolated. The targeting scheme described in Example 4 was used on the ES cells to obtain IL23R / IL12RB1 double-gene humanized mice.
[0656] RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of mRNA in IL23R / IL12RB1 double-gene humanized mice. Specifically, one 6-week-old C57BL / 6 mouse (+ / +) and one 6-week-old male IL23R / IL12RB1 double-gene humanized homozygous mouse (H / H) were selected. After euthanasia by cervical dislocation, the spleen tissue was collected for IL23R detection. CD4 positive T cells were isolated from the spleen tissue for IL12RB1 detection. IL23R was detected by RT-PCR using the primer sequences shown in the table below, and IL12RB1 was detected by RT-PCR using the primer sequences shown in Table 7. The results are shown in FIG. 24A-24B. The results indicated that only mouse IL23R and IL12RB1 mRNA were detected in wild-type C57BL / 6 mice, and no human IL23R or IL12RB1 mRNA was detected. Only human IL23R and IL12RB1 mRNA were detected in IL23R gene humanized homozygous mice, and no mouse IL23R or IL12RB1 mRNA was detected.
[0657] Table 17. RT-PCR primer sequences and target fragment size
[0658] Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to perform immunophenotyping on the spleen tissues of C57BL / 6 wild-type mice and IL23R / IL12RB1 double-gene humanized homozygous mice. Specifically, three 8-week-old female C57BL / 6 wild-type mice and three IL23R / IL12RB1 double-gene humanized homozygous mice were selected. After euthanasia by cervical dislocation, spleen tissues were collected for immunophenotyping using antibodies. The results showed that the leukocyte subtypes such as T, B, and NK cells in IL23R / IL12RB1 double-gene humanized mice were similar to those in wild-type mice, and the percentages of T cell subtypes such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Tregs cells were similar to those in C57BL / 6 wild-type mice. This indicates that the humanization of IL23R / IL12RB1 double-gene humanized mice did not affect the differentiation, development, and distribution of immune cells in the spleen of the mice.
[0659] EXAMPLE 6: In vivo efficacy verification
[0660] The IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R multi-gene humanized mice prepared as described above can be used to evaluate the efficacy of targeting human IL12 receptors and / or IL23 modulators in tumors and / or autoimmune diseases.
[0661] For example, 6-8 week-old female C57BL / 6 wild-type mice (+ / +) and 6-8 week-old female IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized homozygous mice (H / H) were selected. On day 0, all mice were subcutaneously inoculated with MC38 cells. Tumor volume and mouse body weight were measured twice a week for four weeks. There was no significant difference in tumor volume and mouse body weight between IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized homozygous mice (H / H) and C57BL / 6 wild-type mice (+ / +) , and tumor volume and mouse body weight both increased over time. This indicates that IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice can be used to construct tumor models for evaluating the in vivo efficacy of targeted modulators.
[0662] When the tumor volume grows to about 100 mm3, the mice were divided into control or treatment groups. The treatment group was randomly assigned drugs targeting human IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and / or IL23R, while the control group was injected with an equal volume of saline. Tumor volume and mouse body weight were regularly measured. By comparing changes in mouse body weight and tumor size, the in vivo safety and efficacy of the compounds were effectively evaluated.
[0663] Specifically, twenty-four 6-8-week-old female IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized homozygous mice (H / H) were selected. All mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 5 × 105 MC38 cells. Tumor volume and mouse body weight were measured twice a week. When the tumor volume grew to about 100 mm3, the mice were randomly divided into control group (G1) and treatment groups (G2, G3) , 8 mice per group. Starting from day 0 of grouping, the treatment groups (G2, G3) were intravenously injected with different doses of hIL12, while the control group (G1) was injected with an equal volume of PBS, once every two days, for a total of five injections. The specific grouping and dosing regimen are shown in the table below. Tumor volume and mouse body weight were measured twice a week for three weeks.
[0664] Table 18. Grouping and treatment
[0665] The experimental results (FIGs. 25A-25B) showed that there was no significant difference in body weight among the groups of mice during the experimental period (FIG. 25A) . However, at the end of the experiment, the tumor volume in all treatment groups (G2, G3) was significantly lower than that in the control group (G1) , and the higher the dose, the better the inhibitory effect. The human IL12 recombinant protein exhibited a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect on tumor growth in mice. This indicates that the IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice prepared as described above can be used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of drugs targeting human IL12 receptors.
[0666] In another specific experiment, 11-week-old IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized homozygous mice were randomly divided into control or dosing groups (n=3 / group) . The treatment groups were randomly assigned various doses of hIL12 for intravenous injection, while the control group (G1) was injected with an equal volume of PBS. The dosing was done once a day for a total of three doses, with the specific dosing regimen shown in the table below. The mouse condition was monitored, and mouse body weight (BW) was measured daily. If the body weight of a mouse decreased by more than 20%, euthanasia was performed to end the experiment. 6 hours and 24 hours after the last dose, serum was collected to detect blood biochemistry and mIFNγ concentration. After the experiment, the mice were euthanized, and their liver and spleen were weighed to calculate the liver and spleen to body weight ratios.
[0667] Table 19. Grouping and treatment
[0668] The experimental results (FIGs. 18A-18C and FIGs. 19A-19C) showed that there was no significant difference in body weight among the groups of mice during the experimental period (FIG. 18A) . However, at the end of the experiment, the liver and spleen to body weight ratios in all dosing groups (G2, G3) were higher than those in the control group (G1) (FIG. 18B-18C) . Blood biochemistry results indicated that human hIL12 at doses of 1 mg / kg and 5 mg / kg induced the secretion of mIFN-γ in IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice (FIG. 19A) . 6 hours and 24 hours after the last dose, serum aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly elevated in all dosing groups (G2, G3) compared to the control group (G1) (FIGs. 19B-19C) , indicating varying degrees of liver function damage. This indicates that the humanized mice prepared by this method can be used to evaluate the toxicity of drugs targeting human IL12 receptors in vivo. Similarly, 5-week-old IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized homozygous mice (IL12RB1 / IL12RB2) and 8-week-old IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus double-gene humanized homozygous mice (IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus) were dosed according to the table below. 6 hours and 24 hours after the last dose, serum was collected to detect blood biochemistry and mIFNγ concentration. After the experiment, the mice were euthanized, and their liver and spleen were weighed to calculate the liver and spleen to body weight ratios.
[0669] Table 20. Grouping and treatment
[0670] The experimental results (FIGs. 20 and 21) showed that there was no significant difference in body weight among the groups of mice during the experimental period (FIG. 20A) . The liver to body weight ratio in the dosing groups of IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus double-gene humanized mice (G2, G3) was not significantly different from that in the control group (G1) , while the spleen to body weight ratio was higher than that in the control group. The liver and spleen to body weight ratios in the dosing groups of IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice (G5, G6) were higher than those in the control group (G4) (FIGs. 20B-20C) . Blood biochemistry results indicated that human IL12 at doses of 0.3 mg / kg and 1 mg / kg can induced the secretion of mIFN-γ in IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice and IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus double-gene humanized mice (FIG. 21A) . 6 hours and 24 hours after the last dose, serum aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine aminotransferase (AST) levels were elevated to some extent in all dosing groups (G2, G3, G5, G6) compared to the control groups (G1, G4) (FIG. 21B-21C) , indicating varying degrees of liver function damage. This indicates that the IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice and IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 plus double-gene humanized mice prepared by this method can be used to evaluate the toxicity of drugs targeting human IL12 receptors in vivo.
[0671] In another experiment, twelve 6-week-old female IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized homozygous mice (IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 mice) were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 6 mice in each group, and dosed according to the table below. The mice were weighed daily. Serum was collected 24 hours after the last dose to detect blood biochemistry and mIFNγconcentration. After the experiment, the mice were euthanized, and their liver and spleen were weighed to calculate the liver and spleen to body weight ratios.
[0672] Table 21. Grouping and treatment
[0673] The experimental results (FIG. 26) show that at the end of the experiment, compared to group G1, the serum mIFN-γ content in group G2 mice significantly increased (FIG. 26) , body weight significantly decreased (FIG. 27) , and the liver and spleen to body weight ratios significantly increased (FIG. 28A-28B) . Serum aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine aminotransferase (AST) levels also significantly increased (FIG. 28C-28D) , indicating that IL12 has a toxic effect on IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 mice and can induce liver function damage. This indicates that the IL12RB1 / IL12RB2 double-gene humanized mice prepared by this method can be used to evaluate the toxicity of drugs targeting human IL12 receptors in vivo.
[0674] In another experiment, ELISA was used to detect the induction of IL17A secretion by IL23 in wild-type C57BL / 6 mice and IL23R / IL12RB1 homozygous mice. Specifically, three 6-week-old wild-type C57BL / 6 mice and 3 six-week-old IL23R / IL12RB1 homozygous mice were selected. After euthanasia, spleen tissues were colleted and processed into single-cell suspensions. CD4+ T cells were sorted and treated with anti-mouse CD3ε antibody (anti-mCD3ε, concentration 0.4 μg / mL) , anti-mouse CD28 antibody (anti-mCD28, concentration 0.8 μg / mL) , mouse IL23 recombinant protein (mIL23, concentration 0 or 10 ng / mL) , or human IL23 recombinant protein (hIL23, concentration 0 or 10 ng / mL) , and incubated at 37℃ for 48 hours. The cell culture supernatant was collected for ELISA to detect mIL17A secretion. The specific grouping scheme is shown in the table below.
[0675] The results (FIG. 29) showed that under the stimulation of hIL23 or mIL23, the mIL17A content increased to varying degrees in both wild-type C57BL / 6 mice and IL23R / IL12RB1 double-gene humanized homozygous mice. The response of wild-type C57BL / 6 mice to mIL23 was greater than to hIL23, while the response of IL23R / IL12RB1 double-gene humanized homozygous mice to mIL23 and hIL23 was similar. These experiments demonstrated that the receptor composed of humanized hIL23R and hIL12RB1 functioned well after humanization. This indicates that the IL23R / IL12RB1 double-gene humanized mice prepared by this method can be used to evaluate the in vivo safety and efficacy of drugs targeting human IL23R.
[0676] Table 22. Grouping and treatment
[0677] OTHER EMBODIMENTS
[0678] It is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.
Claims
1.A genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises at least one chromosome comprising a sequence encoding a human or humanized interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta-1 (IL12RB1) .2.The animal of claim 1, wherein the human or humanized IL12RB1 comprises a human or humanized extracellular domain.3.The animal of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the human or humanized IL12RB1 comprises an endogenous signal peptide.4.The animal of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the sequence encoding the human or humanized IL12RB1 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus in the at least one chromosome.5.The animal of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1 comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.6.The animal of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1 comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to amino acids 1-549 of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.7.The animal of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1 comprises a sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11.8.The animal of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the animal is a mammal, e.g., a monkey, a rodent, a mouse, or a rat.9.The animal of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the animal is a mouse.10.The animal of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB1 or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB1 as compared to IL12RB1 expression level in a wild-type animal.11.The animal of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the animal has one or more cells expressing human or humanized IL12RB1.12.The animal of claim 11, wherein the expressed human or humanized IL12RB1 is functional and can interact with a human, humanized, or endogenous Interleukin 12 (IL12) to transmit signals.13.The animal of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the signal peptide of the human or humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the signal peptide of human IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 2) .14.The animal of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the extracellular domain of the human or humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that has at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, or 522 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the extracellular domain of human IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 24-545 of SEQ ID NO: 2) .15.The animal of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the transmembrane domain of the human or humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the transmembrane domain of human IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 546-570 of SEQ ID NO: 2) .16.The animal of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the cytoplasmic region of the human or humanized IL12RB1 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, or 147 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the cytoplasmic region of endogenous IL12RB1 (e.g., amino acids 592-738 of SEQ ID NO: 1) .17.A genetically-modified, non-human animal, wherein the genome of the animal comprises a replacement of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB1 at an endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus.18.The animal of claim 17, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB1 locus, and one or more cells of the animal expresses a human or humanized IL12RB1.19.The animal of claim 17 or claim 18, wherein the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB1 or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB1 as compared to the IL12RB1 expression level in a wild-type animal.20.The animal of any one of claims 17-19, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 comprises a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB1 gene.21.The animal of claim 20, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 comprises at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, or 1647 bp of a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB1 gene.22.The animal of any one of claims 17-21, wherein the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 (e.g., mouse IL12RB1) comprises a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene.23.The animal of any one of claims 17-22, wherein the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus.24.A method for making a genetically-modified, non-human animal, comprising:replacing in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous IL12RB1 gene locus, a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB1.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16, or a part thereof, of a human IL12RB1 gene.26.The method of claim 24 or claim 25, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 comprises a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of a human IL12RB1 gene.27.The method of any one of claims 24-26, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB1 encodes amino acids 1-549 of SEQ ID NO: 2.28.The method of any one of claims 24-27, wherein the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, and / or exon 16, or a part thereof, of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene.29.The method of any one of claims 24-28, wherein the animal is a mouse, and the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB1 comprises a portion of exon 1, exons 2-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the endogenous IL12RB1 gene.30.A genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises at least one chromosome comprising a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2.31.The animal of claim 30, wherein the human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises a human or humanized extracellular domain.32.The animal of claim 30 or claim 31, wherein the human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises an endogenous cytoplasmic domain.33.The animal of any one of claims 30-32, wherein the human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises an human or humanized transmembrane domain or an endogenous transmembrane domain.34.The animal of any one of claims 30-33, wherein the human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises an human or humanized signal peptide or an endogenous signal peptide.35.The animal of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the sequence encoding the human or humanized IL12RB2 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus in the at least one chromosome.36.The animal of any one of claims 30-35, wherein the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13.37.The animal of any one of claims 30-36, wherein the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to amino acids 24-623 or amino acids 1-640 of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13.38.The animal of any one of claims 30-36, wherein the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2 comprises a sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 56.39.The animal of any one of claims 30-38, wherein the animal is a mammal, e.g., a monkey, a rodent, a mouse, or a rat.40.The animal of any one of claims 30-39, wherein the animal is a mouse.41.The animal of any one of claims 30-40, wherein the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB2 or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB2 as compared to IL12RB2 expression level in a wild-type animal.42.The animal of any one of claims 30-41, wherein the animal has one or more cells expressing human or humanized IL12RB2.43.The animal of claim 42, wherein the expressed human or humanized IL12RB2 is functional and can interact with a human IL2 molecule to transmit signals.44.The animal of any one of claims 30-43, wherein the signal peptide of the human or humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the signal peptide of human IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 13) .45.The animal of any one of claims 30-44, wherein the signal peptide of the human or humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the signal peptide of endogenous IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 12) .46.The animal of any one of claims 30-45, wherein the extracellular region of the human or humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that has at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 450, 500, 550, or 599 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the extracellular region of human IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 24-622 of SEQ ID NO: 13) .47.The animal of any one of claims 30-46, wherein the transmembrane region of the human or humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the transmembrane region of human IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 623-643 of SEQ ID NO: 13) .48.The animal of any one of claims 30-47, wherein the cytoplasmic region of the human or humanized IL12RB2 has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, or 216 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the cytoplasmic region of endogenous IL12RB2 (e.g., amino acids 659-874 of SEQ ID NO: 12) .49.A genetically-modified, non-human animal, wherein the genome of the animal comprises a replacement of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB2 at an endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus.50.The animal of claim 49, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB2 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB2 locus, and one or more cells of the animal expresses a human or humanized IL12RB2.51.The animal of any one of claims 49-20, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB2 comprises a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB2 gene.52.The animal of claim 51, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB2 comprises at least 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, or 1920 bp of a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB2 gene.53.The animal of any one of claims 49-52, wherein the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 (e.g., mouse IL12RB2) comprises a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.54.The animal of any one of claims 49-53, wherein the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB2 or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB2 as compared to IL12RB2 expression level in a wild-type animal.55.The animal of any one of claims 49-54, wherein the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus.56.The animal of any one of claims 49-55, wherein the animal is a mouse.57.A non-human animal whose genome comprises an insertion of a sequence encoding a human or chimeric IL12RB2.58.The animal of claim 57, wherein the sequence encoding a human or chimeric IL12RB2 is inserted into exon 2 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.59.The animal of claim 57 or claim 58, wherein the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL12RB2 is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus.60.The animal of any one of claims 57-59, wherein the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL12RB2 comprises a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 of the human IL12RB2 gene.61.The animal of any one of claims 57-60, wherein the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL12RB2 comprises a portion of exon 13, and exons 14-16 of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.62.The animal of any one of claims 57-61, further comprising a deletion of a region of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.63.The animal of any one of claims 57-62, wherein the animal does not express endogenous IL12RB2 or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL12RB2 as compared to IL12RB2 expression level in a wild-type animal.64.The animal of any one of claims 57-63, wherein the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus.65.The animal of any one of claims 57-64, wherein the animal is a mouse.66.A method for making a genetically-modified, non-human animal, comprising:replacing in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous IL12RB2 gene locus, a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human IL12RB2.67.The method of claim 66, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB2 comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, or a part thereof of a human IL12RB2 gene.68.The method of claim 66 or claim 67, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human IL12RB2 comprises at least 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, or 1920 nucleotides of a human IL12RB2 gene.69.The method of any one of claims 66-68, wherein the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, or a part thereof of the endogenous IL12RB2 gene.70.The method of any one of claims 66-69, wherein the animal is a mouse, and the sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL12RB2 comprises at least 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, or 1965 nucleotides of a portion of exon 2, exons 3-13, and a portion of exon 14 the endogenous mouse IL12RB2 gene.71.A genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises at least one chromosome comprising a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R.72.The animal of any one of claims 71, wherein the human or humanized IL23R comprises an human or humanized extracellular domain.73.The animal of claim 71 or claim 72, wherein the human or humanized IL23R comprises an endogenous transmembrane domain and / or an endogenous cytoplasmic domain.74.The animal of any one of claims 71-73, wherein the human or humanized IL23R comprises an endogenous signal peptide.75.The animal of any one of claims 71-74, wherein the sequence encoding the human or humanized IL23R is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL23R gene locus in the at least one chromosome.76.The animal of any one of claims 71-75, wherein the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to amino acids 27-353 of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59.77.The animal of any one of claims 71-76, wherein the sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R comprises a sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 78.78.The animal of any one of claims 71-77, wherein the animal is a mammal, e.g., a monkey, a rodent, a mouse, or a rat.79.The animal of any one of claims 71-78, wherein the animal is a mouse.80.The animal of any one of claims 71-79, wherein the animal does not express endogenous IL23R or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL23R as compared to IL23R expression level in a wild-type animal.81.The animal of any one of claims 71-80, wherein the animal has one or more cells expressing human or humanized IL23R.82.The animal of claim 81, wherein the expressed human or humanized IL23R is functional and can interact with a human interleukin 23 (IL23) molecule to transmit signals.83.The animal of any one of claims 71-82, wherein the signal peptide of the human or humanized IL23R has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the signal peptide of endogenous IL23R (e.g., amino acids 1-23 of SEQ ID NO: 27) .84.The animal of any one of claims 71-83, wherein the extracellular region of the human or humanized IL23R has a sequence that has at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 310, 320, 330, or 332 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the extracellular region of human IL23R (e.g., amino acids 24-355 of SEQ ID NO: 59) .85.The animal of any one of claims 71-84, wherein the transmembrane region of the human or humanized IL23R has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the transmembrane region of endogenous IL23R (e.g., amino acids 375-395 of SEQ ID NO: 27) .86.The animal of any one of claims 71-85, wherein the cytoplasmic region of the human or humanized IL23R has a sequence that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, or 249 contiguous amino acids that are identical to a contiguous sequence present in the cytoplasmic region of endogenous IL23R (e.g., amino acids 396-644 of SEQ ID NO: 27) .87.A genetically-modified, non-human animal, wherein the genome of the animal comprises a replacement of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL23R with a sequence encoding a humanized IL23R at an endogenous IL23R gene locus.88.The animal of claim 87, wherein the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL23R locus, and one or more cells of the animal expresses a humanized IL23R.89.The animal of claim 87 or claim 88, wherein the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9 of the human IL23R gene.90.The animal of claim 89, wherein the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, or 981 bp of a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9 of the human IL23R gene.91.The animal of any one of claims 87-90, wherein the animal comprises exon 1, exon 2, a portion of exon 3, a portion of exon 9, and exons 10-11 of the endogenous IL23R gene.92.The animal of any one of claims 87-91, wherein the animal does not express endogenous IL23R or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL23R as compared to IL23R expression level in a wild-type animal.93.The animal of any one of claims 87-92, wherein the animal has one or more cells expressing a humanized IL23R having all or part of the signal peptide, all or part of the extracellular region, all or part of the transmembrane region, and / or all or part of the cytoplasmic region of human IL23R.94.The animal of any one of claims 87-93, wherein the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises at least 50 bp of exon 3, exons 4-8, and at least 5 bp of exon 9 of human IL23R gene.95.The animal of any one of claims 87-94, wherein the animal is a mouse.96.The animal of any one of claims 87-95, wherein the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL23R gene locus.97.A non-human animal whose genome comprises an insertion of a sequence encoding a human or chimeric IL23R.98.The animal of claim 97, wherein the sequence encoding a human or chimeric IL23R is inserted into exon 3 of the endogenous IL23R gene.99.The animal of claim 97 or claim 98, wherein the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL23R is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous IL23R gene locus.100.The animal of any one of claims 97-99, wherein the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL23R comprises a portion of exon 3, exons 4-8, and a portion of exon 9 of the human IL23R gene.101.The animal of any one of claims 97-100, wherein the sequence encoding the human or chimeric IL23R comprises a portion of exon 2, a portion of exon 3, a portion of exon 9, and exons 10-11 of the endogenous IL23R gene.102.The animal of any one of claims 97-101, further comprising a deletion of a region of the endogenous IL23R gene.103.The animal of any one of claims 97-102, wherein the animal does not express endogenous IL23R or expresses a decreased level of endogenous IL23R as compared to IL23R expression level in a wild-type animal.104.The animal of any one of claims 97-103, wherein the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous IL23R gene locus.105.The animal of any one of claims 97-104, wherein the animal is a mouse.106.A method for making a genetically-modified, non-human animal, comprising:replacing in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous IL23R gene locus, a sequence encoding a region of endogenous IL23R with a sequence encoding a humanized IL23R.107.The method of claim 106, wherein the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, or a part thereof of a human IL23R gene.108.The method of claim 106 or claim 107, wherein the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises at least 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 950, or 981 nucleotides of a human IL23R gene.109.The method of any one of claims 106-108, wherein the sequence encoding the humanized IL23R comprises exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, or a part thereof of the endogenous IL23R gene.110.The method of any one of claims 106-109, wherein the animal comprises exon 1, exon 2, a portion of exon 3, a portion of exon 9, and exons 10-11 of the endogenous IL23R gene.111.The animal of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the animal further a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2.112.The animal of any one of claims 1-23 and 30-65, wherein the animal further a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R.113.A transgenic animal that comprises (1) a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1, (2) a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2, and (3) a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R.114.A transgenic animal that comprises one or more sequences selected from the group consisting of: a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB1, a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL12RB2, and / or a sequence encoding a human or humanized IL23R.115.A transgenic animal that comprises (1) a human or humanized IL12RB1 gene, (2) a human or humanized IL12RB2 gene, and (3) a human or humanized IL23R gene.116.The animal of any one of claims 1-23, 30-65, and 71-105, wherein the animal further comprises a sequence encoding an additional human or humanized protein.117.The animal of claim 116, wherein the animal further comprises a sequence encoding an additional human or humanized T cell receptor (TCR) alpha chain, TCR beta chain, TCR gamma chain, TCR delta chain, CD3γ, CD3δ, CD3∈, CD3ζ, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) , programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) , Interleukin 10 Receptor Subunit Alpha (IL10RA) , and / or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) ; preferably the animal further comprises a sequence encoding an human or humanized PD-1.118.A method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for treating an allergic disorder (e.g., allergy, asthma, and / or atopic dermatitis) , comprising:a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal of any one of claims 1-23, 30-65, 71-105 and 111-117, wherein the animal has the allergic disorder; andb) determining effects of the therapeutic agent in treating the allergic disorder.119.A method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for reducing an inflammation (e.g., skin inflammation or infection) , comprising:a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal of any one of claims 1-23, 30-65, 71-105 and 111-117, wherein the animal has the inflammation; andb) determining effects of the therapeutic agent for reducing the inflammation.120.A method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for treating an immune disorder, comprising:a) administering the agent to the animal of any one of claims 1-23, 30-65, 71-105 and 111-117, wherein the animal has the immune disorder; andb) determining effects of the therapeutic agent for treating the immune disorder.121.The method of claim 120, wherein the immune disorder is an autoimmune disease, e.g., graft versus host disease (GVHD) , psoriasis, allergy, asthma, myocarditis, nephritis, hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, hyperthyroidism, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune liver disease, diabetes, pain or neurological disorders.122.A method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for treating a cancer, comprising:a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal of any one of claims 1-23, 30-65, 71-105 and 111-117, wherein the animal has the cancer; andb) determining inhibitory effects of the therapeutic agent for treating the cancer.123.The method of any one of claims 118-122, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of an anti-IL12RB1 antibody, an anti-IL12RB2 antibody, and an anti-IL23R antibody.124.The method of claim 122 or claim 123, wherein the cancer is a tumor, and determining the inhibitory effects of the treatment involves measuring the tumor volume in the animal.125.The method of any one of claims 122-124, wherein the cancer is selected from the greoup consisting of rectal cancer, hepatobiliary cancer, solid tumors, haematological tumors, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer.126.A protein comprising an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is one of the following:(a) an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11, 21, 56, or 78;(b) an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%identical to SEQ ID NO: 11, 21, 56, or 78;(c) an amino acid sequence that is at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 11, 21, 56, or 78;(d) an amino acid sequence that is different from the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11, 21, 56, or 78 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 amino acid; and(e) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one, two, three, four, five or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11, 21, 56, or 78.127.A nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence is one of the following:(a) a sequence that encodes the protein of claim 126;(b) any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3-10, 14-20, 22-24, 48-49, 51-55, 67-77, and 79-80;(c) a sequence that is at least 90%identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3-10, 14-20, 22-24, 48-49, 51-55, 67-77, and 79-80; and(d) a sequence that is at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3-10, 14-20, 22-24, 48-49, 51-55, 67-77, and 79-80.128.A cell comprising the protein of claim 126 and / or the nucleic acid of claim 127.129.An animal comprising the protein of claim 126 and / or the nucleic acid of claim 127.