Passenger boarding bridge

Abstract

This passenger boarding bridge comprises a tunnel part in which a plurality of tunnels are fitted to each other in a nested form and which can expand and contract in the front-rear direction. The passenger boarding bridge comprises: a first floor member constituting a walking passage in an outer side tunnel, among the tunnels adjacent to each other; and a second floor member constituting a walking passage in an inner side tunnel, among the adjacent tunnels. The second floor member is configured to slide on the main surface of the first floor member as a result of expansion and contraction of the tunnel part. The first floor member comprises a first fixed floor provided in parallel with the front-rear direction, and a first inclined floor inclined downward from an end part of the first fixed floor. The second floor member comprises a second fixed floor provided in parallel with the front-rear direction, and a second inclined floor inclined downward from an end part of the second fixed floor. The second floor member is provided with a support member that supports the second inclined floor on the main surface of the first floor member. In the second inclined floor: at least a portion thereof is configured as a first oscillation part that is turnable, relative to the second fixed floor side, about a first shaft extending in the width direction; and a portion at the tip side of the first oscillation part is configured as a second oscillation part that is turnable, relative to the base section of the first oscillation part, about a second shaft extending in the width direction.

Description

passenger boarding bridge

[0001] The present disclosure relates to passenger boarding bridges.

[0002] At an airport, passengers may use a passenger boarding bridge connecting the terminal building and the aircraft when boarding or disembarking an aircraft.

[0003] The passenger boarding bridge comprises a rotunda connected to the terminal building's boarding and disembarking entrance, an extendable tunnel section whose base end is connected to the rotunda, and a cab (head) located at the end of the tunnel section and connected to the aircraft.

[0004] The tunnel section is comprised of multiple tunnels that are nested together, and the entire length of the tunnel section is configured to be expandable in the longitudinal direction (forward and backward). This allows it to appropriately respond to changes in the distance between the terminal building and the aircraft. The floor members of the tunnels form the walkway for passengers between the boarding and disembarking entrances of the airport terminal building and the aircraft boarding and disembarking entrances, and various proposals have been made for such floor members.

[0005] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a floor configuration in which the floor members of the inner tunnel are formed into an inclined floor with a predetermined gradient that decreases toward the outer tunnel, and a ramp that can swing up and down is provided at the tip of the inclined floor on the outer tunnel side.

[0006] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-291896

[0007] One aspect of the present disclosure, for example, aims to provide a passenger boarding bridge that can maintain an inclined floor in a more stable position than conventionally possible when the slope of the floor members that make up the pedestrian walkway of a tunnel is made gentler.

[0008] One aspect of the present disclosure is a passenger boarding bridge having a tunnel section in which a plurality of tunnels are fitted together in a telescopic manner and which is extendable in the fore-and-aft direction, the passenger boarding bridge comprising: a first floor member constituting a pedestrian walkway for an outer tunnel of the adjacent tunnels; and a second floor member constituting a pedestrian walkway for an inner tunnel of the adjacent tunnels, the second floor member being configured to slide on a main surface of the first floor member by the extension and contraction of the tunnel section, the first floor member comprising: a first fixed floor provided parallel to the fore-and-aft direction; and a first sloping floor inclined downward from an end of the first fixed floor. The second floor member comprises a second fixed floor arranged parallel to the front-to-rear direction and a second sloping floor inclined downward from the end of the second fixed floor, and the second floor member is provided with a support member that supports the second sloping floor on the main surface of the first floor member, and at least a portion of the second sloping floor is configured as a first oscillating part that is rotatable relative to the second fixed floor around a first axis extending in the width direction, and a portion of the tip side of the first oscillating part is configured as a second oscillating part that is rotatable relative to the base of the first oscillating part around a second axis extending in the width direction.

[0009] A passenger boarding bridge according to one aspect of the present disclosure can achieve the effect of being able to maintain an inclined floor in a more stable position than before when the floor members constituting the tunnel's walkway have a gentler slope.

[0010] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a passenger boarding bridge according to an embodiment. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an example of floor members constituting a pedestrian walkway between adjacent inner and outer tunnels in a passenger boarding bridge according to an embodiment. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the floor member in the dotted frame portion DF1 in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the floor member in the dotted frame portion DF2 in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a diagram for explaining a suitable positioning of support members that support an upper inclined floor on the main surface of a lower floor member.

[0011] Conventional tunnel floor members are often composed of a fixed floor installed parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel section, and a sloped floor hinged to the end of the fixed floor. While these floor members are required to have a thickness that ensures the desired rigidity, the thicker the floor member, the steeper the sloped floor must be to eliminate the step caused by the thickness of the plate. This can cause problems, for example, when a wheelchair or other vehicle tries to pass through the sloped floor from the outer tunnel to the inner tunnel.

[0012] Therefore, the present inventors conducted extensive research into reducing the slope of the inclined floor in the floor components that make up the tunnel's walking path in order to eliminate the steps that occur between adjacent inner and outer tunnels, and obtained the following findings.

[0013] First, by extending the slope length and thinning the plate thickness of the inclined floor of the inner tunnel of the adjacent inner and outer tunnels, it is possible to make the inclined floor gentler. However, in this case, if the inclined floor is supported only by the hinge connection part of the inclined floor and the tip of the inclined floor, the reduced plate thickness of the inclined floor may cause the inclined floor to become insufficient in rigidity. For this reason, it is desirable to provide support members at appropriate positions in the longitudinal direction of the inclined floor of the inner tunnel to support the inclined floor of the inner tunnel on the main surface of the floor member of the outer tunnel.

[0014] Incidentally, in accordance with the spot layout of airports, not only two-stage passenger boarding bridges with two tunnels but also passenger boarding bridges with three or more tunnels are generally adopted.

[0015] Here, it has been discovered that in passenger boarding bridges with three or more tunnels, when the overall length of the tunnel section is shortened, if the inclined floors of adjacent inner and outer tunnels overlap one another vertically, the posture of the inclined floor of the inner tunnel becomes unstable.

[0016] After careful consideration, the present inventors discovered that when the inclined floors are overlapping, as the starting point of the gradient of the outer tunnel approaches the support member, there is a possibility that the tip of the inclined floor of the inner tunnel may rise up from the main surface of the inclined floor of the outer tunnel, and they came up with the following aspect of the present disclosure.

[0017] Furthermore, after careful consideration, the present inventors discovered that when the overlap between the inclined floors becomes more severe, the support members provided on the inclined floor of the inner tunnel may lift off the main surface of the inclined floor of the outer tunnel, and thus came up with the following aspect of the present disclosure.

[0018] That is, the passenger boarding bridge of the first aspect of the present disclosure is a passenger boarding bridge having a tunnel section in which a plurality of tunnels are fitted together in a nested manner and which is expandable in the fore-and-aft direction, and is provided with a first floor member which constitutes a pedestrian walkway for an outer tunnel of adjacent tunnels, and a second floor member which constitutes a pedestrian walkway for an inner tunnel of adjacent tunnels, the second floor member being configured to slide on the main surface of the first floor member by the expansion and contraction of the tunnel section, and the first floor member being provided with a first fixed floor which is provided parallel to the fore-and-aft direction, and a second floor member which tilts downward from the end of the first fixed floor. The second floor member has a first inclined floor, and the second floor member has a second fixed floor arranged parallel to the fore-and-aft direction and a second inclined floor tilting downward from the end of the second fixed floor, and the second floor member is provided with a support member that supports the second inclined floor on the main surface of the first floor member, and at least a portion of the second inclined floor is configured as a first oscillating part that can rotate relative to the second fixed floor around a first axis extending in the width direction, and a portion of the tip side of the first oscillating part is configured as a second oscillating part that can rotate relative to the base of the first oscillating part around a second axis extending in the width direction.

[0019] With this configuration, the passenger boarding bridge of this aspect can maintain the inclined floor in a more stable position than before, even when the floor members that make up the pedestrian walkway of the tunnel have a gentler slope.

[0020] Specifically, when the first and second inclined floors are overlapped vertically, as described above, there is a possibility that the tip of the second inclined floor may lift off from the main surface of the first inclined floor. However, in this passenger boarding bridge, a portion of the tip side of the first swinging section of the second inclined floor rotates around the second axis, allowing the tip of the second inclined floor to properly contact the main surface of the first inclined floor.

[0021] Furthermore, when the first and second inclined floors are overlapped vertically, as described above, there is a possibility that the support member provided on the second inclined floor may float up from the main surface of the first inclined floor. However, in the passenger boarding bridge of this embodiment, a portion of the tip side of the first oscillating section on the second inclined floor rotates around the second axis, allowing the support member to be brought into appropriate contact with the main surface of the first inclined floor.

[0022] A passenger boarding bridge of a second aspect of the present disclosure is the passenger boarding bridge of the first aspect, wherein the support member may be provided on a second inclined floor on the second axis, or on a second inclined floor between the second axis and the first axis.

[0023] If a support member is provided on the second inclined floor in front of the second axle, when a passenger steps on the second axle, the balance of the moment around the support member may cause the second axle to bend downward, which may cause the tip of the second inclined floor to lift off the main surface of the first inclined floor.

[0024] In contrast, in the passenger boarding bridge of this aspect, the support members are provided on the second sloping floor on the second axis or on the second sloping floor between the second axis and the first axis, so the second axis is properly supported by the support members, making it less likely that the second axis will bend downward. Therefore, the passenger boarding bridge of this aspect can reduce the possibility that the tip of the second sloping floor will lift off the main surface of the first sloping floor, compared to when the support members are provided on the second sloping floor forward of the second axis.

[0025] A passenger boarding bridge according to a third aspect of the present disclosure is the passenger boarding bridge according to the first or second aspect, wherein the second axis may include a hinge that causes the second swinging section to swing up and down.

[0026] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below illustrate specific examples of each of the above aspects. Therefore, the numerical values, shapes, materials, components, component placement positions, and connection configurations shown in the following embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the above aspects. Furthermore, among the components in the following embodiments, components that are not recited in the independent claims that represent the highest concept of the present disclosure will be described as optional components. Furthermore, in the drawings, descriptions of components with the same reference numerals may be omitted. Furthermore, the drawings illustrate each component schematically to facilitate understanding, and the shapes, dimensional ratios, etc. may not be accurately represented.

[0027] (Embodiment) Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a passenger boarding bridge according to an embodiment. Here, part of the overall length of a tunnel section 10 is shown. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an example of floor members constituting the pedestrian walkway between adjacent inner and outer tunnels in a passenger boarding bridge according to an embodiment. However, in Fig. 2, with regard to the configuration of the pedestrian walkway of the outer tunnel OUT, only the main surface (front surface) of the floor member 11 is shown, and the floor configuration in the thickness direction is not shown (the same applies to Figs. 3 and 4).

[0028] In this disclosure, for convenience, the configuration of the passenger boarding bridge 100 will be described below by assuming that the direction in which the tunnel section 10 expands and contracts is the forward / backward direction and the direction in which gravity acts on the passenger boarding bridge 100 is the upward / downward direction.

[0029] In addition, the configuration of the passenger boarding bridge 100 will be described below with the side of the cab 40 as the "front" and the side opposite the cab 40 as the "rear."

[0030] As shown in FIG. 1 , the passenger boarding bridge 100 includes a rotunda (rear circular room) not shown, a tunnel section 10, a cab (front circular room) 40, a drive column 30, and an auxiliary staircase 16.

[0031] The rotunda is connected to the entrance and exit of the terminal building. The tunnel section 10 is connected to the rotunda. The cab 40 is connected to the forward end of the tunnel 10A of the tunnel section 10.

[0032] The tunnel section 10 is configured such that adjacent inner and outer tunnels fit together in a nested manner with the outside and the inside relative to each other, allowing the tunnel section 10 to expand and contract in the fore-and-aft direction. Specifically, the drive column 30 is connected to an appropriate position in the tunnel section 10 so as to sandwich the tunnel 10A of the tunnel section 10. Therefore, when the drive wheels at the lower ends of the drive column 30 travel on the apron 18, the power of the expansion and contraction movement in the fore-and-aft direction is transmitted to the tunnel section 10. As the overall length of the tunnel section 10 increases, when the cab 40 reaches the aircraft boarding and disembarking area, a pedestrian walkway for passengers is formed between the boarding and disembarking area of ​​the airport terminal building and the aircraft boarding and disembarking area.

[0033] An operation panel (not shown) is arranged inside the cab 40. This allows an operator to use the operation panel to control the relative movement of the tunnel section 10 in the forward and backward directions. Note that operation of the passenger boarding bridge 100 is not limited to being performed using the operation panel inside the cab 40, but also includes cases where operation is performed using remote equipment from outside the passenger boarding bridge 100.

[0034] The auxiliary staircase 16 is provided on the side of the tunnel section 10 so as to connect the interior of the tunnel section 10 with the apron 18. The auxiliary staircase 16 may be installed optionally and may be used, for example, to allow an operator to enter and exit the cab 40.

[0035] Next, the pedestrian walkways between the adjacent inner and outer tunnels in the passenger boarding bridge 100 of this embodiment will be described.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 1, the passenger boarding bridge 100 comprises a floor member 11 that forms the pedestrian walkway of the outer tunnel OUT of the adjacent inner and outer tunnels, and a floor member 12 that forms the pedestrian walkway of the inner tunnel IN of the adjacent inner and outer tunnels.

[0037] The floor member 11 comprises a fixed floor 11A arranged parallel to the front-to-rear direction in which the tunnel section 10 extends and retracts, and an inclined floor 11B inclined downward from the front end of the fixed floor 11A.

[0038] The floor member 12 includes a fixed floor 12A arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction in which the tunnel section 10 extends and retracts, and an inclined floor 12B inclined downward from the front end of the fixed floor 12A. A portion of the inclined floor 12B is configured as a swinging unit 12BA that can rotate relative to the fixed floor 12A around a pivot 14 (see FIGS. 3 and 4 ) extending in the width direction. A distal end portion of the swinging unit 12BA is configured as a swinging unit 12BB that can rotate relative to a base 12BC of the swinging unit 12BA around a pivot 15 (see FIGS. 3 and 4 ) extending in the width direction. In other words, the swinging unit 12BA is configured with a base 12BC other than a distal end portion of the swinging unit 12BA, and a swinging unit 12BB corresponding to a distal end portion of the swinging unit 12BA. The swinging unit 12BA corresponds to an example of a “first swinging unit” in this disclosure. The swinging portion 12BB corresponds to an example of a "second swinging portion" in the present disclosure.

[0039] The pivot shaft 14 may be, for example, but is not limited to, a metal hinge that causes the swinging portion 12BA of the inclined floor 12B to swing up and down. The pivot shaft 15 may be, for example, but is not limited to, a metal hinge that causes the swinging portion 12BB of the inclined floor 12B to swing up and down. The pivot shafts 14 and 15 may each have an appropriate elastic body.

[0040] The floor member 12 is configured to slide on the main surface of the floor member 11 due to the expansion and contraction of the tunnel section 10. For this reason, it is preferable that the tip of the oscillating section 12BB of the floor member 12 be covered with a low-friction material having a small coefficient of friction.

[0041] Here, in order to realize a gentler gradient (for example, a gradient of about 1 / 30) than that of conventional sloping floors, consideration was given to extending the slope length and thinning the plate thickness of sloping floors 11B and 12B for floor members 11 and 12. For example, conventional floor members are made of wooden boards or the like with a thickness of about 20 mm, but by making floor members 11 and 12 out of thin steel plates or the like with a thickness of 5 mm or less, it is possible to achieve a gentler gradient for sloping floors 11B and 12B.

[0042] However, in this case, if the inclined floor 12B is supported only by the pivot shaft 14 provided on the inclined floor 12B and the tip of the inclined floor 12B, the inclined floor 12B is likely to lack rigidity due to a reduction in the thickness of the inclined floor 12B.

[0043] Therefore, in the passenger boarding bridge 100 of this embodiment, support members 13 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) are provided at appropriate locations in the longitudinal direction of the inclined floor 12B of the floor member 12 (the front-to-rear direction in which the tunnel section 10 expands and contracts) to support the inclined floor 12B on the main surface of the floor member 11. In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the support members 13 are provided on the inclined floor 12B rearward of the pivot shaft 15, in the middle of the longitudinal direction of the swinging section 12BA of the inclined floor 12B, but this is not limiting. For example, the support members 13 may be provided on the inclined floor 12B above the pivot shaft 15.

[0044] Providing the support member 13 on the inclined floor 12B between the rotating shaft 15 and the rotating shaft 14 or on the inclined floor 12B above the rotating shaft 15 allows the inclined floor 13B to be held in a more stable position than providing the support member on the inclined floor 12B (swinging portion 12BB) in front of the rotating shaft 15. This is for the following reason.

[0045] 5, if a support member 113 is provided on the inclined floor 12B (swinging portion 12BB) in front of the rotating shaft 15, when a passenger steps on the rotating shaft 15, the rotating shaft 15 may bend downward due to the balance of the moment with the support member 113 as the fulcrum. This may cause the tip of the swinging portion 12BB to lift off the main surface of the inclined floor 11B.

[0046] Specifically, the weight of the swinging portion 12BB of the inclined floor 12B, the weight of the base portion 12BC of the inclined floor 12B, and the weight of the passenger are respectively defined as "W １ "," "W ２ " and "F", and the distance between the support member 113 and the center of gravity of the swinging part 12BB and the distance between the support member 113 and the rotation shaft 15 are respectively "L １ " and "L ２" When a passenger steps on the pivot shaft 15, due to the balance of moments with the support member 113 as the fulcrum, if the following relational expression (1) is established, the pivot shaft 15 will bend downward, and as a result, the tip of the oscillating part 12BB will lift off the main surface of the inclined floor 11B.

[0047] (W ２ / 2 + F) x L ２ >W １ ×L １ ...(1) In contrast to this, in the passenger boarding bridge 100 of this embodiment, the support member 13 is provided on the inclined floor 12B between the pivot shaft 15 and the pivot shaft 14, or on the inclined floor 12B above the pivot shaft 15, so that the pivot shaft 15 is properly supported by the support member 13, and as a result, downward bending at the pivot shaft 15 is less likely to occur. In other words, in the above case, "L ２ " is less than or equal to zero (L ２ ≦0), the relation (1) does not hold.

[0048] The support member 13 can be made of, for example, a synthetic resin such as polyamide, but is not limited to this.

[0049] Incidentally, it has been found that when the overall length of the tunnel section 10 of the passenger boarding bridge 100 is shortened, if the inclined floors 11B, 12B of the adjacent inner and outer tunnels overlap each other vertically, the posture of the inclined floor 12B of the inner tunnel IN becomes unstable.

[0050] As a result of careful consideration, the present inventors have found that when the inclined floors 11B, 12B are overlapping, as the gradient starting point 20 (see Figure 3) of the outer tunnel OUT approaches the support member 13, the tip of the inclined floor 12B of the inner tunnel IN may rise up from the main surface of the inclined floor 11B of the outer tunnel OUT, as shown in the dotted frame area DF1(a) in Figure 2 and Figure 3(a), thereby creating a gap between the two.

[0051] Therefore, in the passenger boarding bridge 100 of this embodiment, as shown in the dotted-line frame area DF1(b) in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3(b), the swinging portion 12BB of the inclined floor 12B can be rotated clockwise around the center of the rotation shaft 15 extending in the width direction. This allows the tip of the inclined floor 12B of the inner tunnel IN to appropriately come into contact with the main surface of the inclined floor 11B of the outer tunnel OUT.

[0052] Furthermore, as a result of careful investigation, the present inventors have found that when the overlapping of the inclined floors 11B and 12B progresses further, as shown in the dotted frame area DF2(a) of Figure 2 and Figure 4(a), the tip of the inclined floor 12B of the inner tunnel IN and the main surface of the inclined floor 11B of the outer tunnel OUT come into line contact, which may cause the support member 13 provided on the inclined floor 12B of the inner tunnel IN to float up from the main surface of the inclined floor 11B of the outer tunnel OUT, resulting in the creation of a gap between the two.

[0053] Therefore, in the passenger boarding bridge 100 of this embodiment, as shown in the dotted-line frame area DF2(b) in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4(b), the swinging section 12BB of the inclined floor 12B can be rotated counterclockwise around the center of the rotation shaft 15 extending in the width direction. This allows the support member 13 to be brought into appropriate contact with the main surface of the inclined floor 11B of the outer tunnel OUT.

[0054] As described above, the passenger boarding bridge 100 of this embodiment can maintain the inclined floor 12B in a more stable position than before when the floor members 12 that form the pedestrian walkway of the inner tunnel IN have a gentler slope.

[0055] Specifically, when the inclined floors 11B and 12B are overlapped vertically, as described above, there is a possibility that the tip of the inclined floor 12B may float up from the main surface of the inclined floor 11B. However, in the passenger boarding bridge 100 of this embodiment, the swinging part 12BB of the inclined floor 12B rotates around the pivot axis 15, thereby allowing the tip of the inclined floor 12B to be brought into appropriate contact with the main surface of the inclined floor 11B.

[0056] Furthermore, when the inclined floors 11B and 12B are overlapped vertically, as described above, there is a possibility that the support member 13 provided on the inclined floor 12B may float up from the main surface of the inclined floor 11B. However, in the passenger boarding bridge 100 of this embodiment, the swinging portion 12BB of the inclined floor 12B rotates around the pivot axis 15, thereby allowing the support member 13 to be brought into appropriate contact with the main surface of the inclined floor 11B.

[0057] (Modification) In the above, the inclined floor 12B is configured as a swinging part 12BA that is rotatable relative to the fixed floor 12A around the rotation shaft 14, a part of which extends in the width direction, but this is not limited to this. The entire inclined floor 12B may be configured to be rotatable relative to the fixed floor 12A around the rotation shaft 14. In this case, the rotation shaft 14 is provided between the front end of the fixed floor 12A of the floor member 12 and the rear end of the inclined floor 12B.

[0058] From the above description, many modifications and other embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the above description should be construed as illustrative only and is provided for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the best mode for carrying out the present disclosure. Details of the structure and / or function thereof can be substantially changed without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure.

[0059] One aspect of the present disclosure can be used in a passenger boarding bridge that can maintain an inclined floor in a more stable position than before when the slope of the floor members that make up the walkway of a tunnel is made gentler.

[0060] 10: Tunnel section 10A: Tunnel 11: Floor member 11A: Fixed floor 11B: Inclined floor 12: Floor member 12A: Fixed floor 12B: Inclined floor 12BA: Swinging section 12BB: Swinging section 12BC: Base 13: Support member 14: Rotating shaft 15: Rotating shaft 16: Auxiliary stairs 18: Apron 20: Gradient starting point 30: Drive column 40: Cab 100: Passenger boarding bridge IN: Inner tunnel OUT: Outer tunnel

Claims

1. A passenger boarding bridge in which a plurality of tunnels are fitted together in a telescopic manner and which has tunnel sections that can be expanded and contracted in the fore-and-aft direction, comprising: a first floor member that constitutes a pedestrian walkway for an outer tunnel of the adjacent tunnels; and a second floor member that constitutes a pedestrian walkway for an inner tunnel of the adjacent tunnels, wherein the second floor member is configured to slide on the main surface of the first floor member by the expansion and contraction of the tunnel section, the first floor member comprises a first fixed floor that is provided parallel to the fore-and-aft direction and a first sloping floor that slopes downward from the end of the first fixed floor, the second floor member comprises a second fixed floor that is provided parallel to the fore-and-aft direction and a second sloping floor that slopes downward from the end of the second fixed floor, and the second floor member is provided with support members that support the second sloping floor on the main surface of the first floor member, a passenger boarding bridge, wherein at least a portion of the second inclined floor is configured as a first swinging part that is rotatable relative to the second fixed floor around a first axis that extends in the width direction, and a portion of the tip side of the first swinging part is configured as a second swinging part that is rotatable relative to the base of the first swinging part around a second axis that extends in the width direction.

2. The passenger boarding bridge according to claim 1, wherein the support member is provided on the second inclined floor on the second axis or on the second inclined floor between the second axis and the first axis.

3. A passenger boarding bridge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second axis is provided with a hinge that causes the second swinging section to swing up and down.

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