Organic compound, solar cell and use thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to an organic compound, a solar cell and the use thereof. The organic compound is as represented by formula (1) or is an oxyacid salt of the compound as represented by formula (1), wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently selected from an aryl group having 6-30 ring-forming atoms or a heteroaryl group having 5-30 ring-forming atoms; n2 and n3 are each independently selected from any integer from 0 to 10; Q1 is selected from *–(L1)n4-A; Q2-Q3 are each independently selected from H, *–(L1)n4-A, or *–(L2)n5-H, with A being selected from an oxyacid group; and at least one of Q2 and Q3 is selected from *–(L1)n4-A. The organic compound can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a solar cell.

Description

Organic compounds, solar cells and their applications

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application number 202410384964.4, filed on March 29, 2024, entitled “Organic compounds, solar cells and their applications,” the entire text of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to an organic compound, a solar cell and applications thereof. Background Art

[0004] Perovskite solar cells have many characteristics such as excellent photoelectric properties, high light absorption coefficient, long carrier lifetime and long diffusion length, and have become the leader among the third generation of new solar cells.

[0005] However, poor contact between traditional perovskite material layers and hole transport layer material layers, or instability and excessive defects in the materials themselves, will reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells, resulting in traditional perovskite solar cells still being difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale market production and application.

[0006] Therefore, traditional technologies still need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an organic compound, a solar cell and applications thereof, aiming to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0008] This application is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0009] In a first aspect of the present application, an organic compound is provided, wherein the organic compound is represented by formula (1):

[0010] Ar1 and Ar2 are independently selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms or a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

[0011] n2 and n3 are each independently selected from any integer from 0 to 10, and n2 and n3 are not both 0; Q1 is selected from *——(L1)n4-A, Q2 to Q3 are each independently selected from H, *——(L1)n4-A or *——(L2)n5-H, A is selected from an oxoacid group, and at least one of Q2 and Q3 is selected from *——(L1)n4-A;

[0012] n4 and n5 are each independently selected from any integer from 0 to 10, and each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from any one of -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -Si(R4R5)-, -PR6-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR7)-, -C(=CR8R9)-, an aromatic subunit having 6 to 15 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic subunit having 5 to 15 ring atoms;

[0013] R1 to R9 in L1 are independently selected from hydrogen, oxoacid groups, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any one of; R1 to R9 in L2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any of the following;

[0014] n1 is selected from any integer from 0 to 5, Y1 is selected from a single bond, -CR 10 R 11 -、-NR 12- 、-O-、-SiR 13 R 14 -、-PR 15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-、-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one;

[0015] R 10 ~R 18 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any of the following;

[0016] R a ~R gEach of the following groups is independently selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; * represents a connection site;

[0017] Alternatively, the organic compound is an oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

[0018] When the above-mentioned organic compound is used to prepare a solar cell, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell can be improved. Based on the basic structure of the passivation material or the organic hole transport material: terminal group-connecting group L1-head group (oxyacid radical A), the above-mentioned organic compound has creatively adjusted the connection position of the head group on the terminal group mother core. The mother core structure of the terminal group is connected to two or more head group structures, and at least two head group structures are dispersedly connected to different unit ring structures in the mother core structure, which is equivalent to multiple head group structures being relatively evenly dispersed and connected in all directions of the terminal group mother core structure. In this way, when the organic compound is used to self-assemble into a film, a close intermolecular force can be generated to increase the surface energy of the film layer, thereby increasing the wettability of the perovskite material on the surface of the self-assembled film layer, thereby reducing the probability of holes in the perovskite layer and obtaining a smoother and continuous perovskite layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0019] The above-mentioned organic compounds can be used not only as hole transport materials, but also as passivation materials. The oxygen-containing acid groups they contain can combine with metal ions such as trivalent nickel, or can anchor the hole transport layer, or can interact with the A-site cations in the perovskite through hydrogen bonds, thereby enabling the organic compounds to play the role of passivating metal ions.

[0020] In some embodiments, Q2 and Q3 have multiple selected from *——(L1)n4-A, and each *——(L1)n4-A in Q2 and Q3 is respectively connected to the ring carbon atom of different basic ring structures in Ar1 and Ar2.

[0021] The multiple head group structures in the above-mentioned organic matter are relatively evenly dispersed. In this way, when the organic compound is used to self-assemble into a film, a close intermolecular force can be generated to increase the surface energy of the film layer, thereby improving the wettability of the perovskite material on the surface of the self-assembled film layer, thereby reducing the probability of holes appearing in the perovskite layer and obtaining a smoother and continuous perovskite layer.

[0022] In some embodiments, the organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by formula (1A) to (1C) and their oxygen-containing acid salts:

[0023] Wherein, n1 is selected from any integer from 1 to 5, and Y1 is selected from -CR10 R 11 -、-NR 12- 、-O-、-SiR 13 R 14 -、-PR 15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-、-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one.

[0024] In some embodiments, the organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by formula (1a) to (1i) and their oxygen-containing acid salts:

[0025] In the compounds represented by formulas (1a) to (1i) and their oxygen-containing acid salts, at least two of Q2 and Q3 in the same compound are selected from *-(L1)n4-A, and each *-(L1)n4-A in Q2 and Q3 is respectively connected to a ring carbon atom on a different benzene ring structure.

[0026] In some embodiments, at least one Q2 and at least one Q3 are selected from *—(L1)n4-A.

[0027] In some embodiments, each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -Si(R4R5)-, -PR6-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR7)-, -C(=CR8R9)- and any one of the following structures:

[0028] wherein each Z1 to Z8 is independently selected from CR 19 or N;

[0029] R 19 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2 or R g Any of the following;

[0030] Y2 to Y7 are each independently selected from -C(R 10 R 11 )-、-NR 12 -、-O-、-Si(R 13 R 14 )-、-PR15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-or-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one.

[0031] In some embodiments, R1 to R9 in L1 are independently selected from any one of hydrogen, an oxoacid group, a halogen, an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group with 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group with 5 to 8 ring atoms; R1 to R9 in L2 are independently selected from any one of hydrogen, a halogen, an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group with 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group with 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0032] In some embodiments, R 10 ~R 18 Each of them is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0033] In some embodiments, each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)- and any one of the following groups:

[0034] * indicates the attachment site.

[0035] In some embodiments, each L1 is independently selected from -CH2-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)-, and any one of the following groups:

[0036] In some embodiments, each L2 is independently selected from -CH2-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)- and any one of the following groups:

[0037] In some embodiments, the oxygen-containing acid group is selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a hypophosphorous acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boric acid group, or a silicic acid group.

[0038] In some embodiments, the oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, wherein the anion is formed by at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in the oxygen-containing acid group of the compound represented by formula (1) losing H, and the cation is selected from a metal ion or NH4+ At least one of .

[0039] In some embodiments, the organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by Formula (SAM1) to Formula (SAM10) and the oxygen-containing acid salts of the compounds represented by Formula (SAM1) to Formula (SAM10):

[0040] In a second aspect, the present application provides the use of the organic compound of the first aspect as a passivation material or a hole transport material.

[0041] According to a third aspect of the present application, a solar cell is provided, comprising the organic compound according to the first aspect.

[0042] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer; the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer include the organic compound.

[0043] The solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and a passivation layer disposed between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer; at least one of the perovskite layer, the hole transport layer, and the passivation layer includes the organic compound.

[0044] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the hole transport layer is K1, 0<K1≤100%.

[0045] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic assembly comprising the solar cell of the third aspect.

[0046] A fifth aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic system comprising the photovoltaic assembly of the fourth aspect.

[0047] In a sixth aspect of the present application, there is also provided an electrical device comprising at least one of the solar cell of the third aspect and the photovoltaic assembly of the fourth aspect.

[0048] In a seventh aspect, the present application further provides a power generation device comprising at least one of the solar cell of the third aspect and the photovoltaic module of the fourth aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0050] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0051] Explanation of reference numerals: 10 solar cell; 11 first electrode; 12 hole transport layer; 13 perovskite layer; 14 electron transport layer; 15 blocking layer; 16 second electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0054] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly indicate the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0055] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0056] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0057] In this application, unless otherwise specified, "room temperature" generally refers to 4°C to 30°C, preferably 20±5°C.

[0058] In this application, the term "alkane group" refers to a group formed when an alkane loses one hydrogen, such as methane losing one hydrogen to form a methyl group; "alkane dialkylene or alkylene group" refers to a group formed when an alkane loses two hydrogens, such as methane losing two hydrogens to form a methylene group.

[0059] The term "chain alkane group" refers to a group formed by losing one hydrogen atom in an alkane in which the carbon atoms are connected by single carbon-carbon bonds and do not form a ring, and the remaining valence bonds are bonded to hydrogen, including straight-chain alkane groups and branched-chain alkane groups.

[0060] In the present application, the number of carbon atoms of "alkane group" can be 1 to 10, including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, and refers to a straight-chain alkane group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a branched-chain alkane group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms; non-limiting examples include methane, ethane, n-propane, isopropane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-ethylbutane, 3,3-dimethylbutane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, 1-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2-ethylpentane, 4-methyl-2-pentane, n-hexane, 1-methylhexane, 2-ethylhexane, 2-butylhexane, n-heptane, 1-methylheptane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2-ethylheptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, etc., which are formed after losing one hydrogen atom.

[0061] In this application, the term "ring atoms" refers to the number of atoms bonded to form a ring. When a ring is substituted with a substituent, the atoms contained in the substituent are not included in the ring atoms. The term "ring atoms" used below applies unless otherwise specified. For example, a benzene ring has 6 ring atoms, a naphthalene ring has 10 ring atoms, and a thiophene ring has 5 ring atoms.

[0062] An "aromatic group" refers to a hydrocarbon group with aromatic properties, including single-ring aromatic groups and fused-ring aromatic groups. A fused-ring aromatic group is a group formed by linking two or more single aromatic rings through two shared adjacent ring atoms, i.e., a fused ring. Furthermore, the π electron count of an aromatic group must satisfy the 4n+2 rule (Huckel's rule). An "aromatic subunit" is a group formed by losing a hydrogen from an aromatic group.

[0063] A "heteroaromatic group" refers to a group in which at least one ring atom is a heteroatom and has aromatic properties. Heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, N, P, O, and S. A "heteroaromatic subunit" refers to a group formed by losing a hydrogen atom from a "heteroaromatic group."

[0064] Non-limiting examples of “aromatic groups” in the present application include benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, perylene, tetracene or fluorene, etc.; non-limiting examples of “heteroaromatic groups” include pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, imidazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, carbazole, pyrroloimidazole, pyrrolopyrrole, thienopyrrole, thienothiophene, furopyrrole, furofuran, thienothiophene, benzisoxazole, benzisothiazole, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, o-naphthylidene, quinoxaline, phenanthridine, primary idine, quinazoline, quinazolinone, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, etc.

[0065] In the present application, when a linking site is not specified in a group, it means that any linking site in the group can be used as the linking site.

[0066] In the present application, the single bond to which the substituent is connected runs through the corresponding ring, indicating that the substituent can be connected to any position of the ring, for example In the example, the connection site of the group with other groups can be any substitutable site on the group; further, when the same substituent R appears multiple times on the same group, it can be independently selected from different groups, for example There are 6 substitutable sites on the naphthalene ring, that is, j can be 6, and each R can be the same or different. When R is H, it means that there is no substituent, and in this case it is naphthalene.

[0067] In the present application, in structures fused to a ring through two ring atoms, for example

[0068] If the fused structure is H, such as Ar 11 and Ar 21 When it is H, it means that there is no fused ring, and the structure is

[0069] In this application, "substituted or unsubstituted" means that the defined group may be substituted or unsubstituted. When the defined group is substituted, it should be understood that it is optionally substituted with groups acceptable in the art, including but not limited to:

[0070] C1-C30 alkyl, heterocyclic group containing 3-20 ring atoms, aryl group containing 5-20 ring atoms, heteroaryl group containing 5-20 ring atoms, halogen.

[0071] In this application, when two groups are linked by a point of attachment, e.g. When R is selected from a single bond, it means that the two groups do not need to be connected through a specific group, but are directly connected by a single bond, that is,

[0072] In traditional technology, in order to passivate defects in hole transport materials such as nickel oxide or perovskite layer materials, self-assembled organic molecules with the following structure are often designed: end group (hole transport unit)-connecting group L2-head group (oxyacid radical A) to prepare hole transport layer or passivation layer to improve battery efficiency.

[0073] Research shows that the hole transport ability of self-assembled organic molecules is mainly achieved by the end group (hole transport unit), and the passivation effect is mainly achieved by the head group (oxyacid radical A). Therefore, traditional technologies focus on regulating the end group structure to make the energy level more compatible with perovskite, or regulating the head group structure to enhance the passivation effect.

[0074] The study found that connecting multiple head groups to the same self-assembling molecule can enhance the passivation effect. During further research, technicians accidentally discovered that the connection distribution pattern of multiple head groups on the same terminal group will affect the surface energy of the self-assembling molecules after self-assembly into a film, thereby affecting the contact angle of the perovskite precursor liquid on the film surface, and then affecting the state of the formed perovskite layer. Therefore, the technical solution of the present application was proposed.

[0075] In one embodiment of the present application, an organic compound is provided. The organic compound is shown in formula (1):

[0076] Ar1 and Ar2 are independently selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms or a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

[0077] n2 and n3 are each independently selected from any integer from 0 to 10, and n2 and n3 are not both 0; Q1 is selected from *——(L1)n4-A, Q2 to Q3 are each independently selected from H, *——(L1)n4-A or *——(L2)n5-H, A is selected from an oxoacid group, and at least one of Q2 and Q3 is selected from *——(L1)n4-A;

[0078] n4 and n5 are each independently selected from any integer from 0 to 10, and each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from any one of -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -Si(R4R5)-, -PR6-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR7)-, -C(=CR8R9)-, an aromatic subunit having 6 to 15 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic subunit having 5 to 15 ring atoms;

[0079] R1 to R9 in L1 are independently selected from hydrogen, oxoacid groups, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any one of; R1 to R9 in L2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any of the following;

[0080] n1 is selected from any integer from 0 to 5, Y1 is selected from a single bond, -CR10 R 11 -、-NR 12- 、-O-、-SiR 13 R 14 -、-PR 15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-、-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one;

[0081] R 10 ~R 18 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any of the following;

[0082] R a ~R g Each of the following groups is independently selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; * represents a connection site;

[0083] Alternatively, the organic compound is an oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

[0084] When the above-mentioned organic compound is used to prepare a solar cell, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell can be improved. Based on the basic structure of the passivation material or the organic hole transport material: terminal group-connecting group L1-head group (oxyacid radical A), the above-mentioned organic compound has creatively adjusted the connection position of the head group on the terminal group mother core, and the terminal group mother core structure is connected to two or more head group structures, and at least two head group structures are dispersedly connected to different unit ring structures in the terminal group mother core structure, which is equivalent to multiple head group structures being relatively evenly dispersed and connected in all directions of the terminal group mother core structure. In this way, when the organic compound is used to self-assemble into a film, a close intermolecular force can be generated to increase the surface energy of the film layer, thereby improving the wettability of the perovskite material on the surface of the self-assembled film layer, thereby reducing the probability of holes in the perovskite layer, and obtaining a smoother and continuous perovskite layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0085] The above-mentioned organic compounds can be used not only as hole transport materials, but also as passivation materials. The oxygen-containing acid groups they contain can combine with metal ions such as trivalent nickel, or can anchor the hole transport layer, or can interact with the A-site cations in the perovskite through hydrogen bonds, thereby enabling the organic compounds to play the role of passivating metal ions.

[0086] In some embodiments, Q2 and Q3 have multiple selected from *——(L1)n4-A, and each *——(L1)n4-A in Q2 and Q3 is respectively connected to the ring carbon atom of different basic ring structures in Ar1 and Ar2.

[0087] It can be understood that the above “when there are multiple selected from *——(L1)n4-A in Q2 and Q3, each *——(L1)n4-A in Q2 and Q3 is respectively connected to the ring carbon atoms of different elementary ring structures in Ar1 and Ar2” means two or more, and “elementary ring structure” means the smallest ring structure in the structures of Ar1 and Ar2. For example, when Ar1 is a benzene ring, the smallest ring group is benzene; when Ar1 is a condensed ring aromatic group, for example (naphthalene ring), the smallest cyclic group is its smallest fused unit, which is still a benzene ring. If there are 2 Q2 on Ar1 that are *——(L1)n4-A, then the two *——(L1)n4-A are respectively connected to the ring carbon atoms of the two benzene rings in the naphthalene ring; in other words, in Ar1 and Ar2, at most one *——(L1)n4-A is connected to a basic ring structure.

[0088] When n1 is 0, it means that there is no connecting group Y1 between Ar1 and Ar2, that is, Ar1 and Ar2 are only connected by The nitrogen atoms in the

[0089] In some embodiments, Y1 is selected from a single bond, -CR 10 R 11 -、-NR 12- 、-O-、-SiR 13 R 14 -、-PR 15 -, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-any one.

[0090] In some embodiments, Y1 is selected from a single bond, -CR 10 R 11 -、-NR 12- 、-O-、-SiR 13 R 14 -、-PR 15 Any one of -, -S-.

[0091] In some embodiments, n1 is selected from any integer from 0 to 3; specifically, n1 is selected from 0, 1, 2 or 3.

[0092] In some embodiments, the organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by formula (1A) to (1C) and their oxygen-containing acid salts:

[0093] Wherein, n1 is selected from any integer from 1 to 5, and Y1 is selected from -CR 10 R 11 -、-NR 12- 、-O-、-SiR 13 R 14 -、-PR 15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-、-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one.

[0094] In some embodiments, the organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by formulas (1-1) to (1-3) and their oxygen-containing acid salts:

[0095] Y 11 Selected from-CR 10 R 11 -、-NR 12- 、-O-、-SiR 13 R 14 -、-PR 15 -, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-、-C(=CR 17 )-any one.

[0096] Each Ar 11 and each Ar 21 Each is independently selected from any one of H, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms.

[0097] In some embodiments, Y 11 Selected from-CR 10 R 11 -、-NR 12- 、-O-、-SiR 13 R 14 -, -S-, or -C(=O)-.

[0098] In some embodiments, each Ar 11 and each Ar 21 Each is independently selected from H, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0099] In some embodiments, each Ar 11 and each Ar 21 Each is independently selected from H, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, thienyl or pyrrolyl.

[0100] In some embodiments, the organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by formula (1a) to (1i) and their oxygen-containing acid salts:

[0101] In the compounds represented by formulas (1a) to (1i) and their oxygen-containing acid salts, at least two of Q2 and Q3 in the same compound are selected from *——(L1)n4-A, and each *——(L1)n4-A in Q2 and Q3 is respectively connected to a ring carbon atom on a different benzene ring structure.

[0102] At least two of Q2 and Q3 of the same compound are selected from *——(L1)n4-A, which means that one molecule of the organic compound contains at least three *——(L1)n4-A structures, which are dispersed and connected on different rings. When the organic compound self-assembles into a film, the wettability of the perovskite material on the surface of the self-assembled film layer can be further improved, thereby reducing the probability of holes appearing in the perovskite layer, obtaining a smoother and continuous perovskite layer, and further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0103] In some embodiments, at least one Q2 and at least one Q3 are selected from *—(L1)n4-A.

[0104] In some embodiments, each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -Si(R4R5)-, -PR6-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR7)-, -C(=CR8R9)- and any one of the following structures:

[0105] wherein each Z1 to Z8 is independently selected from CR 19 or N.

[0106] R 19 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e、-P(R f )2 or R g Any one of .

[0107] Y2 to Y7 are each independently selected from -C(R 10 R 11 )-、-NR 12 -、-O-、-Si(R 13 R 14 )-、-PR 15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-or-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one.

[0108] Understandable: "Y7 + " is the group formed when Y6 loses an electron; "Z7 - " is the group formed when Z7 gains an electron.

[0109] In some embodiments, R a ~R g Each of them is independently selected from any one of an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0110] In some embodiments, R a Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0111] In some embodiments, R a Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0112] In some embodiments, R a Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0113] In some embodiments, R b Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0114] In some embodiments, Rb Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0115] In some embodiments, R b Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0116] In some embodiments, R c Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0117] In some embodiments, R c Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0118] In some embodiments, R c Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0119] In some embodiments, R d Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0120] In some embodiments, R d Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0121] In some embodiments, R d Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0122] In some embodiments, R e Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0123] In some embodiments, R eAny one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0124] In some embodiments, R e Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0125] In some embodiments, R f Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, and a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0126] In some embodiments, R f Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0127] In some embodiments, R f Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0128] In some embodiments, R g Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0129] In some embodiments, R g Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0130] In some embodiments, R g Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0131] In some embodiments, R 19 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-N(R d )2, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, -SR e 、-P(R f ) Any one of 2.

[0132] In some embodiments, R 19 Each of them is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0133] In some embodiments, R 19 Each is independently selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0134] In some embodiments, R1 to R9 are independently selected from any one of hydrogen, an oxyacid group, a halogen, an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group with 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group with 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0135] In some embodiments, R1 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, a chain alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group with 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group with 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0136] In some embodiments, R1 is selected from H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, or a pyrrolyl group.

[0137] In some embodiments, R2 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, a chain alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group with 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group with 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0138] In some embodiments, R2 is selected from H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, or a pyrrolyl group.

[0139] In some embodiments, R3 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0140] In some embodiments, R3 is selected from H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, or a pyrrolyl group.

[0141] In some embodiments, R4 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0142] In some embodiments, R4 is selected from H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, or a pyrrolyl group.

[0143] In some embodiments, R5 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0144] In some embodiments, R5 is selected from H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, or a pyrrolyl group.

[0145] In some embodiments, R6 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0146] In some embodiments, R6 is selected from H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, or a pyrrolyl group.

[0147] In some embodiments, R7 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0148] In some embodiments, R7 is selected from H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, or a pyrrolyl group.

[0149] In some embodiments, R8 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0150] In some embodiments, R8 is selected from H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, or a pyrrolyl group.

[0151] In some embodiments, R9 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0152] In some embodiments, R9 is selected from H, F, Cl, an oxoacid group, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, or a pyrrolyl group.

[0153] In some embodiments, R 10 ~R 18 Each of them is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0154] In some embodiments, R 10 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0155] In some embodiments, R 10 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0156] In some embodiments, R 11 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0157] In some embodiments, R 11 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0158] In some embodiments, R 12Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0159] In some embodiments, R 12 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0160] In some embodiments, R 13 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0161] In some embodiments, R 13 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0162] In some embodiments, R 14 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0163] In some embodiments, R 14 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0164] In some embodiments, R 15 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0165] In some embodiments, R 15 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0166] In some embodiments, R 16 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0167] In some embodiments, R 16 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0168] In some embodiments, R 17 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0169] In some embodiments, R 17 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0170] In some embodiments, R 18 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0171] In some embodiments, R 18 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0172] In some embodiments, each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)- and any one of the following groups:

[0173] * indicates the attachment site.

[0174] In some embodiments, each L1 is independently selected from -CH2-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)-, and any one of the following groups:

[0175] In some embodiments, each L2 is independently selected from -CH2-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)- and any one of the following groups:

[0176] In some embodiments, n 2～ n3 is each independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0177] In some embodiments, n4～ n5 is each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0178] It can be understood that L1 in the "*——(L1)n4-A" structural part or L2 in *——(L2)n5-H in the above formula (1) can be a single or multiple repeated connections, that is, when n4 or n5 takes a value greater than or equal to 2, L1 or L2 is a multiple repeated connection. At this time, each time L1 or L2 appears, the selected structure can be the same or different, and the combination is connected by forming a single bond.

[0179] In some embodiments, the oxygen-containing acid group is selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a hypophosphorous acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boric acid group, or a silicic acid group.

[0180] Optionally, each occurrence of A is independently selected from H or any one of the following structures:

[0181] * indicates the attachment site.

[0182] In some embodiments, the oxyacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, wherein the anion is formed by at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in the oxyacid group of the compound represented by formula (1) losing H, and the cation is selected from a metal ion or NH4 + At least one of .

[0183] In some embodiments, the metal ions include at least one of alkali metal ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, iron ions, copper ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions.

[0184] In some embodiments, the organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by Formula (SAM1) to Formula (SAM10) and the oxygen-containing acid salts of the compounds represented by Formula (SAM1) to Formula (SAM10):

[0185] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned organic compounds can be prepared by referring to commonly used organic synthesis methods in the art. Here, the preparation method thereof is illustrated by taking the compound of formula (SAM1) as an example, which includes the following steps:

[0186] Compound 1 and compound 2 are subjected to a first substitution reaction to prepare compound 3. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0187] In some embodiments, the first substitution reaction is carried out in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium.

[0188] In some embodiments, the first substitution reaction is carried out at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius (° C.) to 145° C., and for a time of 15 hours (h) to 50 hours.

[0189] In some embodiments, the first substitution reaction is carried out in toluene.

[0190] Compound 3 was hydrolyzed to prepare a compound of formula (SAM1). The synthesis route is as follows:

[0191] In some embodiments, the hydrolysis reaction is carried out under the action of a base.

[0192] In some embodiments, the base comprises at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. Further, the base is added in the form of an aqueous solution.

[0193] In some embodiments, the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in tetrahydrofuran.

[0194] One embodiment of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned organic compound as a passivation material or a hole transport material.

[0195] One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell comprising the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0196] The above organic compounds can be used as passivation materials and hole transport materials, and can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells.

[0197] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer; at least one of the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0198] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and a passivation layer disposed between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer; at least one of the perovskite layer, the hole transport layer, and the passivation layer includes an organic compound.

[0199] The above-mentioned organic compounds can be doped in the perovskite layer to play a passivation role, and can play both a hole transport role and a passivation role in the hole transport layer or in the passivation layer.

[0200] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer includes an organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the hole transport layer is K1, 0<K1≤100%.

[0201] Optionally, K1 may be 1 wt% to 100 wt%, for example, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 100 wt% or a range consisting of any two values.

[0202] It is understood that the hole transport layer may be composed of a single organic compound as described above, or it may be composed of multiple components, including the aforementioned organic compounds and other hole transport materials commonly used in the art. In this case, the aforementioned organic compounds and other hole transport materials commonly used in the art may be mixed and doped in the hole transport layer, or may be formed into separate films and stacked. In this case, the film formed with the aforementioned organic compounds effectively also serves as a passivation layer. However, it should be noted that regardless of the combination used, the aforementioned organic compounds are not limited to simultaneously performing both hole transport and passivation functions.

[0203] Various types of hole transport materials commonly used in this field include at least one of organic hole transport materials and inorganic hole transport materials, specifically but not limited to at least one of the following materials and their derivatives: nickel oxide, zinc oxide, molybdenum oxide, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-methoxyanilino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphoric acid (Me-4Pacz).

[0204] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer includes a first hole transport layer and a second hole transport layer having different compositions and stacked together, and the second hole transport layer includes the organic compound.

[0205] It is understood that the components of the first hole transport layer can be hole transport materials commonly used in the art, as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0206] In some embodiments, the composition of the first hole transport layer includes an inorganic hole transport material.

[0207] In some embodiments, the second hole transport layer is closer to the perovskite layer than the first hole transport layer. In this case, the second hole transport layer also functions as a passivation layer and can be considered as a passivation layer.

[0208] In some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the first hole transport layer to the second hole transport layer is (0.1-10):(0.1-10); specifically, it can be 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 0.1:1 or a range consisting of any two values.

[0209] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer includes a mixed-doped first transport material and a second transport material, the first transport material and the second transport material are different, and the second transport material includes the organic compound.

[0210] The first transport material may be other hole transport materials in the art, as described above and will not be described in detail.

[0211] In some embodiments, the first transport material is an organic hole transport material.

[0212] In some embodiments, the first transmission material and the second transmission material can be mixed and doped in any proportion. Furthermore, the mass ratio of the first transmission material to the second transmission material is (0.1-10):(0.1-10); specifically, it can be 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 0.1:1 or a range consisting of any two values.

[0213] In the above scheme, if the hole transport layer comprises a mixed doped first and second transport materials, the hole transport layer can be sampled, dissolved in a solvent, and then subjected to H-NMR spectroscopy to obtain an H-NMR spectrum. Different substances have different specific functional groups, which correspond to different characteristic peaks in the H-NMR spectrum. The integrated area of ​​the functional group characteristic peak can be used to determine the content of the substance corresponding to the characteristic peak, thereby determining the mass ratio of each component.

[0214] It should be noted that the above is only an example of the separation test of the first transmission material and the second transmission material. Other physical and chemical methods in the field can also be used. For example, the sample can be tested using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer to confirm the types of different components in the sample and their mass ratios. This will not be repeated here.

[0215] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1, a solar cell 10 includes a first electrode 11, a hole transport layer 12, a perovskite layer 13, an electron transport layer 14 and a second electrode 16 arranged in a stacked manner, and the hole transport layer 12 includes the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0216] In some embodiments, the solar cell further includes a passivation layer disposed between the hole transport layer 12 and the perovskite layer 13 , wherein the components of the passivation layer include the organic compound of the first aspect, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the passivation layer is K2, 0<K2≤100%.

[0217] In some embodiments, when K2 is not 100%, the passivation layer may further include other passivation materials commonly used in the art. When K2 is 100%, it means that the material of the passivation layer is the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0218] The method for testing the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the passivation layer can refer to the testing method for the mass proportion K2 of the organic compound in the hole transport layer, and will not be repeated here.

[0219] In one embodiment, the thickness of the passivation layer is 1 nm to 50 nm.

[0220] Optionally, the thickness of the passivation layer may be 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, or a range consisting of any two values.

[0221] The above-mentioned organic compounds in the present application can play both hole transport and passivation roles. On the basis that the hole transport layer contains the above-mentioned organic compounds, even if no additional passivation material layer is provided, the hole transport layer 12 is in direct contact with the perovskite layer 13, and excellent light conversion efficiency can be achieved.

[0222] In one embodiment, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 1 nm to 50 nm.

[0223] Alternatively, the thickness of the hole transport layer may be 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, or a range consisting of any two values.

[0224] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer includes an organic compound, and the mass ratio of the organic compound in the perovskite layer is K3, 0.1%<K3≤10%.

[0225] In the above scheme, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer can be determined by sampling the perovskite layer, dissolving it in a solvent, and then performing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to obtain an NMR spectrum. Different substances have different specific functional groups, which correspond to different characteristic peaks in the NMR spectrum. The integrated area of ​​the functional group characteristic peak can be used to determine the content of the substance corresponding to the characteristic peak, thereby determining the mass ratio of each component in the perovskite layer.

[0226] It should be noted that the above is only an example of testing the ratio of the components in the perovskite layer. Other physical and chemical methods in the art can also be used. For example, the sample can be tested using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer to confirm the types and mass ratios of the different components in the sample. This will not be described in detail here. Optionally, K3 can be 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, or a range consisting of any two values.

[0227] The perovskite layer includes perovskite materials commonly used in the art.

[0228] In some embodiments, the chemical formula of the perovskite material satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6; wherein A is an inorganic cation or an organic ammonium cation or a mixture of the two, and can be at least one of formamidinium ion (FA), methylammonium ion (MA) and Cs; B is an inorganic metal cation, and can be at least one of Pb ion and Sn ion; C is a noble metal cation, commonly Ag+; D is a heavy metal or rare metal cation, and can be a bismuth cation Bi. 3+ 、Antimony cation Sb 3+ , and indium cations In 3+ At least one of; X is a halogen element or a halogen-like element, which can be Cl - Br - , I - 、SCN - 、CNO - 、OCN - 、OSCN - SH - OH - 、CP - 、CN - 、SeCN - 、N3 - 、NO2 - At least one of .

[0229] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer has a band gap of 1.20 electron volts (eV) to 2.30 eV and a thickness of 200 nm to 1000 nm.

[0230] In some embodiments, the components in the electron transport layer 14 can be electron transport materials commonly used in the art, non-limiting examples of which include: [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), fullerene C60 (C60), fullerene C70 (C70), tin dioxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.

[0231] In some embodiments, the solar cell may further include a blocking layer 15 disposed between the electron transport layer 14 and the second electrode 16 .

[0232] In some embodiments, the component of the blocking layer 15 can be a hole blocking material commonly used in the art, non-limiting examples of which include: at least one of BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene and 4,4'-bis(2,2-diphenylethylene)-1,1'-biphenyl.

[0233] In some embodiments, the solar cell 10 may be a normal solar cell (nip planar structure) or an inverted solar cell (pin planar structure).

[0234] It should be noted that when the first electrode 11 is a transparent electrode, that is, the side of the first electrode 11 serves as the light incident side, the solar cell 10 is a transverse solar cell. Conversely, when the second electrode 16 is a transparent electrode, that is, the side of the second electrode serves as the light incident side, the solar cell 10 is a normal solar cell. In some embodiments, the first electrode 11 is a transparent conductive electrode, and the material of the first electrode 11 can be any one of fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), and IZO.

[0235] In some embodiments, the material of the second electrode 16 may be an electrode material commonly used in the art, including but not limited to the following materials: Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc.

[0236] The preparation process of the above-mentioned first electrode, hole transport layer, perovskite layer, electron transport layer, blocking layer and second electrode can adopt the preparation methods commonly used in the art, including solution method and solid deposition method. The solution method includes any one of spin coating, spray coating, blade coating and slit coating, and the solid deposition method includes any one of vacuum evaporation, sputtering deposition, plasma deposition and ion deposition.

[0237] One embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic module, which includes the above-mentioned solar cell.

[0238] The solar cell has high light conversion efficiency and good stability, and can improve the efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0239] The above photovoltaic assembly includes one or more solar cells, which can be selected according to the specific application scenario; further, the above photovoltaic assembly includes multiple solar cells, and the multiple solar cells are connected in series or in parallel to form a battery cell.

[0240] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a photovoltaic glass layer, an adhesive layer, and a back sheet.

[0241] Adhesive layers are provided on both surfaces of the cell, a back plate is provided on the surface of one of the adhesive layers away from the cell, and a photovoltaic glass layer is provided on the surface of the other adhesive layer away from the cell.

[0242] The photovoltaic glass layer and back panel are used to protect the solar cells, seal, insulate and waterproof; the bonding layer serves to bond the photovoltaic glass layer to the cell, and to bond the back panel to the cell.

[0243] Optionally, the photovoltaic glass layer is made of tempered glass, the back panel is made of TPT (polyvinyl fluoride) or TPE (thermoplastic elastomer), and the adhesive layer is made of EVA (polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer).

[0244] Furthermore, the photovoltaic module further includes a junction box and an outer frame.

[0245] The junction box is used to protect the power generation system of the entire photovoltaic module. It is equivalent to a current transfer station. When a battery cell short-circuits, the junction box will automatically disconnect the short-circuited battery string.

[0246] The outer frame can support and protect the entire photovoltaic module. The frame can be made of aluminum alloy with excellent strength and corrosion resistance.

[0247] Furthermore, silicone is used to bond and seal the connection between the frame and other parts of the photovoltaic module. Photovoltaic modules can convert solar energy into electrical energy, which can be stored in batteries or used to drive loads.

[0248] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic component is a solar panel.

[0249] One embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic system, comprising the above-mentioned photovoltaic module.

[0250] The photovoltaic system utilizes the photovoltaic effect of the solar cells in the above photovoltaic modules to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy with high efficiency; further, the above photovoltaic system is a photovoltaic power generation system.

[0251] Photovoltaic modules are the core part of photovoltaic power generation systems. The above photovoltaic system includes one or more photovoltaic modules, which can be selected according to the specific application scenario; further, when the above photovoltaic system includes multiple photovoltaic modules, the multiple photovoltaic modules form a photovoltaic array.

[0252] The above photovoltaic system can be an independent photovoltaic power generation system or a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system.

[0253] An independent photovoltaic power generation system consists of a photovoltaic array, a battery pack, a charge controller, a power electronic converter (inverter), and a load. Its operating principle is that solar radiation energy is first converted into electrical energy by the photovoltaic array, then converted by the power electronic converter to power the load. Meanwhile, excess electrical energy is stored as chemical energy in an energy storage device after passing through the charge controller. In this way, when sunlight is insufficient, the energy stored in the battery can be converted into 220V, 50Hz AC electricity after passing through the power electronic inverter, filtering, and power frequency transformer to supply the AC load.

[0254] A grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system consists of a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC / DC boost circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter), and system monitoring. Its operating principle is that solar radiation energy is converted by the photovoltaic array, then converted to high-voltage DC through high-frequency DC conversion. This is then inverted by a power electronic inverter and output to the grid as a sinusoidal AC current with a frequency consistent with the grid voltage.

[0255] The above two photovoltaic power generation systems have their own characteristics and can be selected according to specific application scenarios.

[0256] One embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device comprising at least one of the above-mentioned solar cell and photovoltaic module.

[0257] The above-mentioned electrical devices may be, but are not limited to, mobile devices, electric vehicles, electric trains, ships, satellites, energy storage systems, etc.

[0258] In some embodiments, the mobile device may be a mobile phone or a laptop computer, etc.

[0259] In some embodiments, electric vehicles include, but are not limited to, pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, and the like.

[0260] One embodiment of the present application further provides a power generation device comprising at least one of the above-mentioned solar cell and photovoltaic module.

[0261] The above-mentioned power generation device includes but is not limited to: a solar power generation set, etc.

[0262] The present application will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present application is not limited to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the attached claims summarize the scope of the present application. Under the guidance of the concept of the present application, those skilled in the art should realize that certain changes made to the various embodiments of the present application will be covered by the spirit and scope of the claims of the present application.

[0263] The following are specific examples.

[0264] Example 1

[0265] Step 1: Preparation of organic compound SAM1, the specific steps are as follows:

[0266] (1) Compound 1 (CAS No.: 267221-89-6, 1 mmol) and compound 2 (2.4 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh3)4, 10% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (K2CO3, 2 mol / L, 10 mL) were mixed and heated at 110°C under nitrogen for 48 hours. Compound 3 was then separated by silica gel chromatography. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0267] Compound 3 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0268] 1 H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6)δ7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.37-7.32(m,8H),7.25-7.23(m ,2H),7.08-7.00(m,3H),4.02-3.98(m,4H),2.87-2.83(m,4H),2.54-2.53(m,4H),1.32-1.28(m,6H).

[0269] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 3 was further calculated using the following formula to be 73%.

[0270] Yield = moles of compound 3 / moles of compound 1 × 100%

[0271] (2) Compound 3 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), and heated at 75°C for 20 h. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the solution pH was <1, and the precipitate was collected to obtain SAM1. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0272] The product SAM1 was subjected to nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum testing, and the test results are as follows:

[0273] 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.02(s,2H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.37- 7.32(m,8H),7.25-7.23(m,2H),7.08-7.00(m,3H),2.86-2.81(m,4H),2.58-2.53(m,4H).

[0274] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM1.

[0275] The yield of the product SAM1 was further calculated using the following formula to be 58%.

[0276] Yield = moles of product SAM1 / moles of compound 3 × 100%

[0277] Step 2: Preparation of solar cells. The structure of the solar cell 10 is shown in FIG1 . The specific steps are as follows:

[0278] 1. Cleaning of FTO conductive glass: 0.35 cm was removed from both ends of a 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm FTO conductive glass by laser etching to expose the glass substrate. The glass substrate was then ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol for 10 minutes in sequence. The cleaned FTO conductive glass was blown dry with a nitrogen gun and placed in a UV ozone machine for UV ozone cleaning to serve as the first electrode 11.

[0279] 2. Preparation of hole transport layer: The organic compound SAM1 was dissolved in methanol to obtain a self-assembled molecular solution (1 mg / mL). The self-assembled molecular solution was then spin-coated on the surface of the first electrode 11 at a speed of 3000 rpm and annealed to obtain a hole transport layer 12 with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0280] 3. Preparation of perovskite layer: Weigh lead iodide (726 mg), iodomethane (240 mg), cesium iodide (19 mg), and lead bromide (11 mg) and dissolve them in 1 mL of a DMF:DMSO mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 4:1. Stir for 3 h and filter with a 0.22 μm organic filter membrane to obtain a perovskite precursor solution. Spin-coat the perovskite precursor solution on the surface of the passivation layer at a speed of 3000 rpm, anneal at 100°C for 30 min, and cool to room temperature to form a perovskite layer 13 with an active substance of the CsFA system and a thickness of 800 nm.

[0281] 4. Preparation of electron transport layer: Spin-coat the electron transport material PC on the surface of the perovskite layer 13 away from the hole transport layer 12 at a speed of 1500 rpm 61 BM, forming an electron transport layer 14 with a thickness of 35 nm.

[0282] 5. Preparation of the blocking layer: The passivation material BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) was spin-coated on the surface of the electron transport layer 14 away from the perovskite layer 13 at 5000 rpm and annealed at 100° C. for 10 min to form a blocking layer 15 with a thickness of 15 nm.

[0283] 6. Preparation of the second electrode: Place the device obtained in step 5 into a mask, and evaporate 80 nm thick copper on the surface of the hole blocking layer in a vacuum evaporation device to form a second electrode, thereby obtaining a complete perovskite solar cell 10.

[0284] 7. Performance testing:

[0285] 1: Contact angle test. The contact angle measurement uses the contact angle meter from Krues, Germany, model DSA100. The measurement steps are as follows:

[0286] (1) Referring to steps 1 to 2 of the above-mentioned solar cell preparation, a stacked FTO conductive film and a hole transport layer are prepared, and then a perovskite precursor solution is prepared according to the preparation process of the perovskite precursor solution in step 3.

[0287] (2) The perovskite precursor solution was drawn up using a microinjector. After a drop of the perovskite precursor solution was dropped onto the surface of the hole transport layer, an image was taken using a contact angle meter within 2 seconds, and the contact angle was measured. For details, see Table 1.

[0288] The smaller the contact angle of the perovskite precursor on the surface of the hole transport layer, the better the wettability of the perovskite precursor on the surface of the hole transport layer, and the better the continuity of the perovskite layer formed after removing the solvent in the precursor by annealing or other methods.

[0289] 2: Photoelectric conversion efficiency test, as follows:

[0290] (1) The perovskite solar cell was naturally aged for 10 days in a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. During this process, its photoelectric conversion efficiency was tested every 12 hours according to the following steps. The highest efficiency measured was recorded as the optimal efficiency. Please see Table 1 for details.

[0291] (2) After the perovskite solar cell was placed in a N2 atmosphere at room temperature for 30 days, its photoelectric conversion efficiency P30 was tested according to the following steps. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0292] The photoelectric conversion efficiency was determined using the IV measurement method, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0293] a) Place the test fixture containing the sample cell on the sample holder so that it is located in the measurement plane and ensure that the sample cell is located at the center of the solar simulator's output light spot (or the normal line of the photovoltaic cell is parallel to the center line of the solar simulator's light beam);

[0294] b) Use Guangyan's solar simulator, which complies with the national standard IEC61215, for testing. Use crystalline silicon solar cells to calibrate the light intensity. Add a mask to the sample cell under test, and use temperature monitoring equipment to control the temperature of the sample cell. During the measurement process, the temperature of the sample under test is maintained at (30±5℃), reaching a solar intensity of AM 1.5.

[0295] c) Connect the sample battery to the digital source meter. Measure the forward and reverse sweep current-voltage characteristics of the sample battery under test, and record the maximum power point current Vm, maximum power point voltage, and open circuit voltage V oc and short-circuit current J sc .

[0296] Calculation formula: Fill factor FF = J m ×V m / V oc ×J sc , electrical conversion efficiency PCE=V oc ×J sc ×FF / P in .P in is the incident light intensity.

[0297] Example 2

[0298] Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound SAM2. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0299] Step (1): Referring to the preparation step (1) of the organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, Compound 2 was replaced with an equal molar amount of Compound 4, and the reaction yielded Compound 5. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0300] Compound 5 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0301] 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.37-7.32(m ,8H),7.25-7.23(m,2H),7.08-7.00(m,3H),3.66-3.61(m,4H),3.09-3.05(m,4H).

[0302] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 5 was further calculated using the following formula to be 66%.

[0303] Yield = moles of compound 5 / moles of compound 1 × 100%

[0304] Step (2): Compound 5 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 160 degrees Celsius for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 1.5 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (MeOH, 10 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM2. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0305] The compound SAM2 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0306] 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.37-7.32(m,8H), 7.25-7.23(m,2H),7.08-7.00(m,3H),4.79(s,4H),2.83-2.79(m,4H),2.03-1.99(m,4H).

[0307] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM2. The yield of the product SAM2 was further calculated using the following formula to be 57%.

[0308] Yield = moles of product SAM2 / moles of compound 5 × 100%

[0309] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0310] Example 3

[0311] Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM3. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0312] Step (1): Compound 6 (CAS: 868266-33-5, 1 mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenepalladium dichloride (Pd(dppf)Cl2, 0.2 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 8 mmol), diboronic acid pinacol ester (4.8 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (30 mL) were mixed, and the mixture was heated at 85°C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection. A clear filtrate was obtained by passing through diatomaceous earth, and the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a light yellow solid. The light yellow solid was then mixed with compound 2 (2.4 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.1 mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 mol / L, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C for 48 hours under nitrogen protection, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 7. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0313] Compound 7 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0314] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.34(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),8.03-7.99(m,2H),7.70(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=6.8Hz,4H),7.32(d,J=7.2Hz,4H), 4.19-4.16(m,2H),4.02-3.99(m,4H),3.54-3.51(m,2H),2.87-2.84(m,4H),2.54-2.51(m,4H),1.83-1.76(m,4H),1.08-1.04(m,6H).

[0315] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 7 was further calculated using the following formula to be 47%.

[0316] Yield = moles of compound 7 / moles of compound 6 × 100%

[0317] Step (2): Compound 7 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed, and the mixture was heated at 160°C for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 1.5 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (10 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was then added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM3. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0318] The SAM3 was tested by nuclear magnetic proton spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0319] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.03(s,2H),8.34(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),8.03-7.99(m,2H),7.70(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=6.8Hz,4H),7.32(d,J=7 .2Hz,4H),4.73(s,2H),4.19-4.16(m,2H),2.77-2.74(m,4H),2.54-2.51(m,4H),1.73-1.71(m,2H),1.67-1.65(m,2H),1.28-1.24(m,2H).

[0320] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of SAM3 was further calculated using the following formula to be 57%.

[0321] Yield = moles of SAM3 / moles of compound 7 × 100%

[0322] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0323] Example 4

[0324] Example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM4. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0325] Step (1): Compound 8 (CAS No.: 267221-90-9, 1 mmol) and compound 2 (2.4 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.1 mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 mol / L, 10 mL) were mixed, and the mixture was heated at 110° C. under nitrogen protection for 48 hours. The mixture was separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 9. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0326] Compound 9 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0327] 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.64(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.57(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.38(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.3 2(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),4.02-3.98(m,6H),2.87-2.83(m,6H),2.54-2.53(m,6H),1.32-1.28(m,9H).

[0328] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 9 was further calculated using the following formula to be 66%.

[0329] Yield = moles of compound 9 / moles of compound 8 × 100%

[0330] Step (2): Compound 9 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), and heated at 75°C for 20 h. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the pH of the solution was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM4. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0331] The compound SAM4 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0332] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.03(s,3H),7.64(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.57(d,J=7.2Hz,6H), 7.38(d,J=7.2Hz,6H), 7.32(d,J=7.2Hz,6H), 2.86-2.81(m,6H), 2.58-2.53(m,6H).

[0333] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM4. The yield of the product SAM4 was further calculated using the following formula to be 53%.

[0334] Yield = moles of product SAM4 / moles of compound 9 × 100%

[0335] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0336] Example 5

[0337] Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM5. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0338] Step (1): Compound 8 (1 mmol), compound 4 (2.4 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.1 mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 mol / L, 10 mL) were mixed, heated at 110° C. under nitrogen protection for 48 hours, and separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 10. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0339] Compound 10 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0340] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.63(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.54(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.39(d ,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.33(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),3.66-3.61(m,6H),3.09-3.05(m,6H).

[0341] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 10 was further calculated using the following formula to be 63%.

[0342] Yield = moles of compound 10 / moles of compound 8 × 100%

[0343] Step (2): Compound 10 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 160 degrees Celsius for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 1.5 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (10 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM5. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0344] The compound SAM5 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0345] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.63(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.54(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.39(d,J=7. 2Hz, 6H), 7.33 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 6H), 4.79 (s, 6H), 2.83-2.79 (m, 6H), 2.03-1.99 (m, 6H).

[0346] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM5. The yield of the product SAM5 was further calculated using the following formula to be 57%.

[0347] Yield = moles of product SAM5 / moles of compound 10 × 100%

[0348] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0349] Example 6

[0350] Example 6 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM6. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0351] Step (1): Compound 6 (1 mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphinoferrocenepalladium dichloride) (Pd(dppf)Cl2, 0.2 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 8 mmol), diboronic acid pinacol ester (4.8 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (30 mL) were mixed, and the mixture was heated at 85°C under nitrogen protection for 12 hours. A clear filtrate was obtained by passing through diatomaceous earth, and the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a light yellow solid.

[0352] The above light yellow solid was mixed with compound 4 (2.4 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.1 mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 mol / L, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110° C. under nitrogen protection for 48 hours, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 11. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0353] Compound 11 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0354] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.34(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),8.03-7.99(m,2H),7.70(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=6.8Hz,4H),7.32(d,J=7. 2Hz,4H),4.17-4.15(m,2H),3.65-3.62(m,4H),3.54-3.51(m,2H),3.06-3.04(m,2H),2.54-2.51(m,2H),1.83-1.76(m,4H).

[0355] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 11 was further calculated using the following formula to be 47%.

[0356] Yield = moles of compound 11 / moles of compound 6 × 100%

[0357] Step (2): Compound 11 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 160 degrees Celsius for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 1.5 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (10 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM6. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0358] The compound SAM6 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0359] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.34(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),8.03-7.99(m,2H),7.70(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=6.8Hz,4H),7.32(d,J=7.2Hz,4 H),4.79(s,6H),4.18-4.16(m,2H),2.82-2.80(m,4H),2.04-2.01(m,4H),1.75-1.72(m,2H),1.67-1.65(m,2H),1.28-1.24(m,2H).

[0360] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM6. The yield of the product SAM6 was further calculated using the following formula to be 57%.

[0361] Yield = moles of product SAM6 / moles of compound 11 × 100%

[0362] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0363] Example 7

[0364] Example 7 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM7. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0365] Step (1): Compound 8 (1 mmol) and compound 12 (2.4 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (10% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL) were mixed, heated at 110° C. under nitrogen protection for 48 hours, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 13. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0366] Compound 13 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0367] 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.64(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.57(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.38(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.32( d,J=7.2Hz,6H),4.08-4.06(m,12H),3.84-3.82(m,3H),3.42(d,J=7.5Hz,6H),1.23-1.20(m,18H).

[0368] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 13 was further calculated using the following formula to be 64%.

[0369] Yield = moles of compound 13 / moles of compound 8 × 100%

[0370] Step (2): Compound 13 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH, 2 mol / L, 10 mL), and heated at 75°C for 20 h. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the pH of the solution was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM7. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0371] The compound SAM7 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0372] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.76(s,6H),7.64(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.57(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7 .38(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.32(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),3.96-3.93(m,3H),3.18(d,J=7.2Hz,6H).

[0373] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM7. The yield of the product SAM7 was further calculated using the following formula to be 55%.

[0374] Yield = moles of product SAM7 / moles of compound 13 × 100%

[0375] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0376] Example 8

[0377] Example 8 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM8. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0378] Step (1): Compound 8 (1 mmol), compound 14 (2.4 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.1 mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 mol / L, 10 mL) were mixed, heated at 110° C. under nitrogen protection for 48 hours, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 15. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0379] Compound 15 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0380] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.63(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.54(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.39(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.33( d,J=7.2Hz,6H),4.21-4.18(m,24H),2.99(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.94-1.86(m,3H),1.37-1.34(m,36H).

[0381] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 15 was further calculated using the following formula to be 63%.

[0382] Yield = moles of compound 15 / moles of compound 8 × 100%

[0383] Step (2): Compound 15 (1 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL), and tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 1.5 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (10 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours, and then deionized water (1 mL) was added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM8. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0384] The compound SAM8 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0385] 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.63(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.54(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.39(d,J=7.2H z, 6H), 7.33 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 6H), 4.88 (s, 12H), 3.03 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 6H), 1.94-1.86 (m, 3H).

[0386] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM8. The yield of the product SAM8 was further calculated using the following formula to be 57%.

[0387] Yield = moles of product SAM8 / moles of compound 15 × 100%

[0388] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0389] Example 9

[0390] Example 9 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM9. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0391] Step (1): Compound 6 (CAS: 868266-33-5, 1 mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenepalladium dichloride (Pd(dppf)Cl2, 0.2 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 8 mmol), diboronic acid pinacol ester (4.8 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (30 mL) were mixed, and the mixture was heated at 85°C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection. A clear filtrate was obtained by passing through diatomaceous earth, and the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a light yellow solid. The light yellow solid was then mixed with compound 12 (2.4 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.1 mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 mol / L, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C for 48 hours under nitrogen protection, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 16. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0392] Compound 16 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0393] 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.34(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),8.03-7.99(m,2H),7.70(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=6.8Hz,4H),7.32(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),4. 19-4.16(m,2H),4.07-4.05(m,8H),3.83-3.81(m,2H),3.54-3.51(m,2H),3.42(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),1.82-1.73(m,4H),1.28-1.24(m,12H).

[0394] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 16 was further calculated using the following formula to be 45%.

[0395] Yield = moles of compound 16 / moles of compound 6 × 100%

[0396] Step (2): Compound 16 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed, and the mixture was heated at 160°C for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by distillation under reduced pressure. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 1.5 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (10 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was then added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM9. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0397] The compound SAM9 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0398] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.73(s,4H),8.34(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),8.03-7.99(m,2H),7.70(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=6.8Hz,4H),7.32 (d,J=7.2Hz,4H),4.73(s,2H),4.19-4.16(m,2H),3.93-3.91(m,2H),3.18(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),1.74-1.66(m,4H),1.27-1.24(m,2H).

[0399] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM9. The yield of the product SAM9 was further calculated using the following formula to be 57%.

[0400] Yield = moles of product SAM9 / moles of compound 16 × 100%

[0401] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0402] Example 10

[0403] Example 10 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound SAM10. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0404] Step (1): Compound 8 (CAS No.: 267221-90-9, 1 mmol) and compound 17 (2.4 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.1 mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 mol / L, 10 mL) were mixed, and the mixture was heated at 110° C. under nitrogen protection for 48 hours. The mixture was separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 18. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0405] Compound 18 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0406] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.37(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.31(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),6.99(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),6.8 1(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),4.03-3.97(m,6H),3.23-3.18(m,6H),2.46-2.43(m,6H),1.09-1.05(m,9H).

[0407] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 18 was further calculated using the following formula to be 59%.

[0408] Yield = moles of compound 18 / moles of compound 8 × 100%

[0409] Step (2): Compound 18 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), heated at 75°C for 20 h, and then concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the pH of the solution was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM10. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0410] The compound SAM10 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0411] 1H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6)δ12.09(s,3H),7.37(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.32(d,J=7.2Hz,3H), 6.99(d,J=7.2Hz,6H), 6.82(d,J=7.2Hz,3H), 3.12-3.08(m,6H), 2.48-2.43(m,6H).

[0412] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM10. The yield of the product SAM10 was further calculated using the following formula to be 43%.

[0413] Yield = moles of product SAM10 / moles of compound 18 × 100%

[0414] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0415] Example 11

[0416] Example 11 is basically the same as Example 1, except that step 2 of preparing the solar cell is as follows:

[0417] 2. Preparation of hole transport layer: First, a methanol solution of nano-nickel oxide (10 mg / mL) was spin-coated at 2000 rpm on the surface of the first electrode 11, and the solvent was removed by annealing to form a nickel oxide film with a thickness of 30 nm. Then, the above-mentioned organic compound SAM1 was dissolved in methanol to obtain a self-assembled molecular solution (1 mg / mL) after dissolution. The self-assembled molecular solution was spin-coated at 3000 rpm on the surface of the nickel oxide film and annealed to obtain a self-assembled layer with a thickness of 5 nm to form a hole transport layer.

[0418] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0419] Example 12

[0420] Example 12 is basically the same as Example 1, except that step 2 of preparing the solar cell is as follows:

[0421] 2. Preparation of hole transport layer: SAM1 and D1 (CAS: 20999-36-4, structure as follows) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 and dissolved in methanol. The mass concentrations of SAM1 and D1 after dissolution were both 0.5 mg / mL. After dissolution, a self-assembled molecular solution (1 mg / mL) was obtained. The self-assembled molecular solution was then spin-coated on the surface of the first electrode 11 at a speed of 3000 rpm and annealed to obtain a hole transport layer 12 with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0422] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0423] Comparative Example 1

[0424] Comparative Example 1 is substantially the same as Example 11, except that during the preparation of the hole transport layer, no self-assembled layer is formed, and only a nickel oxide thin film is formed.

[0425] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 12. Please see Table 1 for specific results.

[0426] Comparative Example 2

[0427] Comparative Example 2 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound D1 (structure as above).

[0428] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0429] Comparative Example 3

[0430] Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound D2. The specific structure is as follows:

[0431] The specific preparation method of compound D2 is as follows:

[0432] Step (1): Compound 19 (carbazole, 1 mmol), compound 20 (1.2 mmol), and chloroform (30 mL) were mixed and heated at 60°C for 24 h under nitrogen protection. After the reaction, the mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 21. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0433] Compound 21 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0434] 1 H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6)δ8.15(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.75(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.50-7.47(m, 2H),7.24-7.22(m,2H),4.28-4.20(m,10H),1.56-1.50(m,1H),1.39-1.35(m,12H).

[0435] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 21 was further calculated using the following formula to be 32%.

[0436] Yield = moles of compound 21 / moles of compound 19 × 100%

[0437] Step (2): Compound 21 (1 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL), and tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 1.5 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (10 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours, and then deionized water (1 mL) was added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain D2. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0438] The results of the H-NMR spectrum test on D2 are as follows:

[0439] 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.15(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.75(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.50-7.4 7(m,2H),7.24-7.22(m,2H),4.87(s,4H),4.35-4.31(m,2H),1.57-1.50(m,1H).

[0440] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound D2 was further calculated using the following formula to be 56%.

[0441] Yield = moles of compound D2 / moles of compound 21 × 100%

[0442] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0443] Please see Table 1 for the relevant physical parameters and test results in each embodiment and comparative example.

[0444] Table 1

[0445] By analyzing the experimental results in Table 1 above and comparing Examples 1 to 10 with Comparative Examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that when the organic compound of the present application is used to prepare solar cells, the wettability of the hole transport layer to the perovskite precursor liquid can be improved, the contact angle between the two can be reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.

[0446] Further analysis of the results of Examples 11 to 12 shows that when the organic compounds of the present application are used to prepare solar cells, they can not only be used as a separate raw material to prepare a hole transport layer, but can also be used in combination with traditional hole transport materials in the field to prepare a hole transport layer. The organic compounds of the present application can be doped and mixed with traditional hole transport materials in the field to prepare a hole transport layer, or they can be formed into separate film layers to form a hole transport layer. Both can simultaneously play a role in hole transport and passivation, thereby improving the efficiency of solar cells. For example, separate film layers are formed to form a hole transport layer. The film layer formed using the organic compound is actually equivalent to a passivation layer, and the organic compound of the present application can also play a passivation role at the same time.

[0447] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0448] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art could make several modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent in this application shall be based on the appended claims, and the specification and drawings may be used to interpret the claims.

Claims

1. An organic compound, wherein the organic compound is represented by formula (1): Ar1 and Ar2 are independently selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms or a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; n2 and n3 are each independently selected from any integer from 0 to 10, and n2 and n3 are not both 0; Q1 is selected from *——(L1)n4-A, Q2 to Q3 are each independently selected from H, *——(L1)n4-A or *——(L2)n5-H, A is selected from an oxoacid group, and at least one of Q2 and Q3 is selected from *——(L1)n4-A; n4 and n5 are each independently selected from any integer from 0 to 10, and each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from any one of -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -Si(R4R5)-, -PR6-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR7)-, -C(=CR8R9)-, an aromatic subunit having 6 to 15 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic subunit having 5 to 15 ring atoms; R1 to R9 in L1 are independently selected from hydrogen, oxoacid groups, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any one of; R1 to R9 in L2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any of the following; n1 is selected from any integer from 0 to 5, Y1 is selected from a single bond, -CR 10 R 11 -、-NR 12- 、-O-、-SiR 13 R 14 -、-PR 15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-、-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one; R 10 ~R 18 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any of the following; R a ~R g Each of the following groups is independently selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; * represents a connection site; Alternatively, the organic compound is an oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

2. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein There are multiple ones selected from *——(L1)n4-A in Q2 and Q3, and each *——(L1)n4-A in Q2 and Q3 is respectively connected to the ring carbon atoms of different basic ring structures in Ar1 and Ar2.

3. The organic compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by formula (1A) to (1C) and their oxygen-containing acid salts: Wherein, n1 is selected from any integer from 1 to 5, and Y1 is selected from -CR 10 R 11 -、-NR 12- 、-O-、-SiR 13 R 14 -、-PR 15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-、-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one.

4. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by formula (1a) to (1i) and their oxygen-containing acid salts: In the compounds represented by formulas (1a) to (1i) and their oxygen-containing acid salts, at least two of Q2 and Q3 in the same compound are selected from *——(L1)n4-A, and each *——(L1)n4-A in Q2 and Q3 is respectively connected to a ring carbon atom on a different benzene ring structure.

5. The organic compound according to claim 4, wherein At least one Q2 and at least one Q3 are selected from *—(L1)n4-A.

6. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein Each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -Si(R4R5)-, -PR6-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR7)-, -C(=CR8R9)- and any one of the following structures: wherein each Z1 to Z8 is independently selected from CR 19 or N; R 19 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2 or R g Any of the following; Y2 to Y7 are each independently selected from -C(R 10 R 11 )-、-NR 12 -、-O-、-Si(R 13 R 14 )-、-PR 15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-or-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one.

7. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein R1 to R9 in L1 are independently selected from any one of hydrogen, an oxoacid group, a halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms; R1 to R9 in L2 are independently selected from any one of hydrogen, a halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

8. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein R 10 ~R 18 Each of them is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

9. The organic compound according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein Each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)- and any one of the following groups: * indicates the attachment site.

10. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein Each L1 is independently selected from -CH2-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)- and any one of the following groups:

11. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein Each L2 is independently selected from -CH2-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)- and any one of the following groups:

12. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein The oxygen-containing acid group is selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a hypophosphorous acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boric acid group or a silicic acid group.

13. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein The oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, wherein the anion is formed by at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in the oxygen-containing acid group of the compound represented by formula (1) losing H, and the cation is selected from metal ions or NH4 + At least one of .

14. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein The organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by formula (SAM1) to formula (SAM10) and the oxygen-containing acid salts of the compounds represented by formula (SAM1) to formula (SAM10):

15. Use of the organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 14 as a passivation material or a hole transport material.

16. A solar cell comprising the organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

17. The solar cell according to claim 16, wherein The solar cell includes a perovskite layer and a hole transport layer that are stacked; at least one of the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer includes the organic compound.

18. The solar cell according to claim 16, wherein The solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and a passivation layer disposed between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer; at least one of the perovskite layer, the hole transport layer, and the passivation layer includes the organic compound.

19. The solar cell according to any one of claims 17 to 18, wherein The hole transport layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the hole transport layer is K1, where 0<K1≤100%.

20. A photovoltaic module comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 16 to 19.

21. A photovoltaic system comprising the photovoltaic module according to claim 20.

22. An electrical device comprising at least one of the solar cell according to any one of claims 16 to 19 and the photovoltaic module according to claim 20.

23. A power generation device comprising at least one of the solar cell according to any one of claims 16 to 19 and the photovoltaic module according to claim 20.

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