Hydrogen gas burner

Abstract

A burner includes a flame-spreading element comprising of a foamed nickel or chromium nickel plate. The burner includes a supporting element adapted to support the plate over an open chamber. The open chamber has sloped bottom walls and is arranged in fluid communication with an inlet on the burner that is positioned lower than the plate. Hydrogen gas flows from the inlet upward in the open-top chamber to the plate. Hydrogen gas is mixed with air (oxygen).

Description

[0001] Hydrogen gas burner

[0002] The invention relates to the field of hydrogen gas burners and, in particular, to low-pressure hydrogen gas burners suitable for cooking or warming food, or for warming, cooking, or boiling non-food items.

[0003] Background of the invention

[0004] Millions of people, primarily in economically developing nations, lack reliable access to cooking fuel. And when available, the predominant cooking fuel used is hydrocarbon based - mainly for economic reasons - such as, for example, charcoal, coal, or wood. This is problematic in that it is not sustainable - depleting natural resources, adding to global carbon emissions, and endangering many people (predominantly children and women) with indoor air pollution.

[0005] As many as three billion people in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and southeast Asia primarily use wood, coal, and / or charcoal for cooking. Further, an estimated four-million people die each year from indoor air pollution, the fourth highest cause of death after HIV / AIDS, lack of clean water, and tuberculosis.

[0006] Renewable energy sources may provide a solution to the problem of indoor air pollution caused by burning carbon-based fuels to cook. According to the World Economic Forum (Sept. 9, 2022, https: / / www.weforum.org / agenda / 2022 / 09 / renewables-energy-transition-africa-jobs / ), renewable energy is key to the future of Africa, which is forecast to be home to 2 billion people by 2050. And, thus, meeting their needs with sustainable sources of energy will be vital to the continent's socio-economic development.

[0007] One particularly relevant solution that both reduces dependency upon fossil fuels and simultaneously enables more people to cook with affordable, sustainable, and clean fuels is to provide green hydrogen gas as a cooking fuel. One example of clean or “green” hydrogen gas includes solar hydrogen gas whereby the sun’s energy is converted to electricity by means of photovoltaic panels. This electricity, in turn, produces hydrogen gas by electrolysis. Because hydrogen gas burns cleanly, cooking with it can, therefore, be a sustainable cooking alternative to burning fossil fuels and further offering important improvements in health and quality of life.

[0008] Yet another problem exists - how to deliver the gas to the end user. One proposal includes installing a pipeline or, in a second solution, to distribute the gas in a pressurized or compressed form via storage containers - conventional compressed gas canisters or, more recently proposed, in low-pressure metal hydride tanks. Households, the end-users, would attach the tank, canister, or gas line to conventional or modified gas burners. This solution, however, is not without drawbacks. For example, capital cost - whether using pipeline infrastructure, high-pressure canisters, or metal hydride storage - is not trivial.

[0009] Because the promise of clean hydrogen gas for use as an affordable cooking fuel, particularly in developing economies that lack traditional infrastructure to deliver conventional hydrocarbon fuels, is so compelling, there are attempts to provide solutions.

[0010] For example, one way to deliver hydrogen gas to a cooking device is to compress hydrogen gas into a canister under high pressure high pressure means greater than 2 bar, for example), similar to how LPG or propane gas is delivered, for example, to outdoor barbeque grilling devices (in such applications a metal canister is required because the LPG is under high pressure, for example, about 6 bar at 15 degrees C, and as the temperature increases, so does the pressure). Accordingly, one attempt to cook with hydrogen gas in place of propane gas is described in a non-patent literature article written by Pyle et al. appearing in Home Power publication #43 published in October 1994. The article discusses the conversion of a conventional LPG barbeque outdoor oven to cook using hydrogen gas. However, simply substituting a propane tank with a tank filled with hydrogen gas does not work for cooking because, in part, the technique in propane delivery systems for cooking requires a pre-mixing of air with the propane. Hydrogen gas, due to its greater propensity to spontaneously combust in the presence of oxygen (air), results in a dangerous and explosive reaction should a conventional propane grill be used to burn hydrogen gas.

[0011] A second problem includes the danger related to the combustibility of hydrogen gas: accordingly, it is not desirable to store highly pressurized metal storage canisters in proximity to heat and flame, as might occur indoors.

[0012] Indian patent application number IN / PCT / 2008 / 09987 / DEL for ‘24 method and apparatus for cooking using a combustible gas produced with an electrolyzer," (published on 2029 / 03 / 20 and filed by applicant Croply Holdings Ltd.; also published as WO 2006 / 116849 on 2006-11-09) describes one attempted solution to storing hydrogen gas near a cooking device by producing the gas in situ. A supply of water is, on demand, passed through an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen gas in the cooking device. Similarly, a solar electrolyzer, described in Indian Patent Application number 202141028839 (published on 2021-07-09, to applicant Karthik et al.), is another attempted solution to produce hydrogen gas in situ to a cooking device.

[0013] Yet another drawback with using hydrogen gas as a cooking fuel, includes the unwanted formation of Nitrogen oxide (NOX). In an attempt to overcome this problem, U.S. Patent No. 4018553 granted on 1977-04-19 to Baker et al. describes a catalytic flame-type gas burner wherein a jet burner orifice is covered by stainless steel wool. However, one limitation of using stainless steel wool is the tendency of the wool to smother the flame.

[0014] Thus, there remains a need for a cooking gas, distribution system, and cooking device that provides a sustainable, cost-effective means for indoor cooking without undesirable indoor air pollution.

[0015] Another risk associated with the burning of gaseous fuels is the potential of a flashback flame. A flashback flame occurs when the flame propagates backwards due to an undesired upstream mixture of fuel and air. Therefore, using an LPG burner for burning hydrogen is not suitable because of the design of its combustion chamber where a ‘premix’ of LPG with air is obtained.

[0016] Another problem encountered in burning or combusting hydrogen gas, particularly when doing so in a controlled manner to ensure safety during indoor cooking uses, is to control the rate of combustion to avoid an explosion. Conventional combustion chambers, as used in cooking with LPG, butane, or natural gas cooking systems or burners results in an unusable and unstable mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0017] EP 2 144 004 A2 describes a gas burner for mounting in a cooking range or in a stove.

[0018] KR 2020 0086821 A describes a cylindrical porous combustor having a structure for increasing radiation heat emitted to the outside from a high-temperature portion inside a porous body and minimizing thermal stress due to a temperature difference.

[0019] Summary of the invention

[0020] Objectives of the Invention

[0021] One objective of the present invention is to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals of Good Health (SDG3) Climate Change (SDG13) and Access to Energy (SDG7) by providing a device for the safe burning of hydrogen gas. Particularly a device for use with a low- pressure hydrogen gas burner. The burner could be suitable for use as a heat-exchanger, or the burner could be suitable for cooking and / or warming and / or boiling food; and / or the burner could be used for warming, cooking, or boiling non-food items.

[0022] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a device for use as a cooking burner particularly suited for burning hydrogen gas both indoor and outdoor.

[0023] Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a device that enables the burning, ignition, and / or combustion of low-pressure hydrogen gas.

[0024] Another objective of the present invention is to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals of Good Health (SDG3) Climate Change (SDG13) and Access to Energy (SDG7) by providing a device that enables cooking with low-pressure hydrogen gas, which can be produced by green energy.

[0025] Another objective of the present invention is to enable controlled burning of a gas for cooking, or other indoor uses, and does not produce any carbon dioxide emissions.

[0026] Yet another objective of the present invention is to reduce the production of nitrous oxide gas when burning hydrogen.

[0027] Another objective of the present invention is to enable cooking with hydrogen gas that is produced from green energy.

[0028] Another objective of the present invention is to enable cooking, or other uses, with hydrogen gas that can be produced by electrolysis where the electricity is produced by wind power, or solar power, or a combination of wind and solar power.

[0029] Another objective of the present invention is to eliminate flashback, the unwanted and uncontrolled ignition of hydrogen gas, during its use, particularly for domestic use.

[0030] Another objective of the present invention is to eliminate flashback, the unwanted and uncontrolled ignition of hydrogen gas, during its use, particularly when using hydrogen gas to cook.

[0031] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a uniform or even distribution of a sustained flame of ignited (or burning) hydrogen gas mixed with air.

[0032] Another objective of the present invention is to store a supply of hydrogen gas so it can be delivered to a burner, or other device, at a low pressure.

[0033] Some aspects of the Invention A first aspect of the invention relates to a flame-spreading element for a burner for hydrogen gas, the flame-spreading element comprising a ring or a plate, the ring or the plate comprising a foamed metal that comprises nickel, preferably Nickel-chromium, and the ring or plate having a porosity and an average pore size. One advantage of Nickel, and preferably Nickel-chromium (NC) is it has a comparatively higher strength, better chemical, and better abrasion resistance when compared to alternative metals and / or metal alloys. Additionally, Nickel -Chromium NC has inherent good properties for use in structures where high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance are required.

[0034] The foamed metal, in optional or alternative embodiments can be other metals and / or metal alloys. For example, metal alloys Aluminium, Carbon, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Molybdenum, or Manganese.

[0035] An advantage of Aluminium and its alloys is a good resistance to hydrogen-assisted fracture in dry environments.

[0036] Carbon can be used, however prolonged use in a hydrogen environment can be detrimental. Accordingly, carbon can be less advantageous than other contemplated metals or alloys and may require a coating of heat-resistant material or another metal. But, Carbon can have a cost advantage and it is easy to work with.

[0037] Chromium is often part of stainless-steel alloys, which are generally associated with superior hydrogen compatibility.

[0038] Copper alloys are commonly used in hydrogen gas applications and have been found to possess excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.

[0039] Iron is commonly used in hydrogen gas applications. However, exposure to hydrogen can lead to embrittlement, which can result in failure of pressure-containing components, and therefore may be less desirable, however still feasible for use.

[0040] Molybdenum is often part of stainless-steel alloys, which are generally associated with superior hydrogen compatibility.

[0041] Manganese: There is limited information available on the compatibility of manganese with hydrogen, however, it can be used as a flame-spreading element.

[0042] The flame-spreading element preferably has an average pore size in a range from 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, and more preferably 0.4 mm. The pore size is normally provided by the manufacture of the foamed metal and average pore size is indicated by the pore range number, also called grade number. It relates to the range of pores per linear inch in the foam. For example: grade 1723 indicates 17 to 23 pores / inch (ppi). The average pore size itself is also often indicated (0 mm) to identify the cell structure of the foam. The pore-size contributes to the ability of both oxygen and hydrogen molecules to pass through the flame-spreading element. The pore-size further contributes to the ability of hydrogen and oxygen gasses to intermix. The pore-size further contributes to the rate that hydrogen gas can flow though the flame-spreading element.

[0043] The flame-spreading preferably has a porosity in a range of 1% to 10%, preferably 3% to 5%. Porosity can be defined as the non-material part (in percentage %) of the foam metal. One particular advantage of foamed metal is that porosities as well as the densities of the foamed metal are only in a very minor way related to the pore sizes. This is an important quality of the flame-spreading element because as most mechanical and physical properties of the foamed metal depend on the density and the porosity of the foamed metal, as well as the size of the pores and on the thickness of the trigonal structured struts of the foamed metal. Further, the porosity contributes to the ability of both oxygen and hydrogen molecules to pass through the flamespreading element. The porosity further contributes to the ability of hydrogen and oxygen gasses to intermix. The porosity further contributes to the rate that hydrogen gas can flow though the flame-spreading element.

[0044] Alternatively, the foamed metal flame-spreading element can be further described by its density. In the various embodiments contemplated, foamed metal comprising Nickel and or Nickel -chromium can have densities that fall in the range of 0.3 - 0.6 gr / cm3. The Nickel- Chromium foams are normally supplied in densities which range from about 0.5 - 1.2 gr / cm3. These densities do not directly relate to the pore size of the foams.

[0045] The flame-spreading element can be incorporated in a burner assembly which further comprises an inlet in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element; and a supporting element arranged to support the flame-spreading element above the inlet. The flame-spreading element being arranged above the inlet enables hydrogen gas to diffuse upward because the hydrogen gas is lighter than air.

[0046] When the flame-spreading element of the preceding embodiment is a ring, the supporting element of the burner preferably includes a slot adapted to receive the ring and the ring is in fluid communication with the inlet. The slot is a kind of gutter or channel or indentation extending at least partially under the ring which forms a space below the ring for allowing contact of gas coming from the inlet with the ring, preferably ensuring tightness of the flow (no escape of gas, no mixing with outside air except in the ring).

[0047] In that configuration, to ensure proper fluid communication between the inlet and the flame-spreading element (ring), the burner can further comprise a first internal conduit in fluid communication with the inlet and the first internal conduit is in fluid communication with at least one location on the slot, and preferably two locations on the slot, whereby hydrogen gas is directed from the inlet to the ring. The internal conduit therefore has one extremity connected to the inlet and the other extremity (or extremities and the conduit can be split in several subconduits) is connected to the slot.

[0048] Alternatively, when the flame-spreading element comprises a plate, the supporting element comprises a shoulder adapted to support the plate and the burner further comprises an internal, open-top chamber. The open-top chamber arranged in fluid communication with the inlet (i.e. the inlet emerges in the open top chamber, which is preferably located at the bottom of the burner) to allow hydrogen gas from the inlet to flow upward in the open-top chamber. The plate is arranged over the open top chamber to allow hydrogen gas to be distributed into and through the plate by the upward flow of hydrogen gas. The plate thus covers the open-top chamber, and the hydrogen gas can diffuse within the pores of the plate for controlled burning.

[0049] The open-top chamber can have at least one sloped bottom wall. The sloped bottom wall can contribute to the diffusion of hydrogen gas as it flows upward to the plate.

[0050] Optionally, to ensure mixing of hydrogen and air in proximity to the plate, the burner can further comprise at least one tube, for example either below the plate or, alternatively above the plate; the tube comprising a plurality of lateral through-holes to allow diffusion of hydrogen gas in proximity to the plate whereby air and hydrogen gas intermix.

[0051] The burner assembly of the invention is preferably for use with low-pressure hydrogen gas stored in a container, the container arranged in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element.

[0052] The container is preferably a flexible low-pressure gas container which can comprise a fabric bag. To handle the hydrogen gas in such a flexible container, the burner assembly of the invention can comprise a compression table arranged to support the flexible low-pressure gas container. The compression table allows selective compression of the fabric bag.

[0053] For such selective compression, the compression table can comprise a top plate to direct hydrogen gas to flow from the container to the flame-spreading element.

[0054] In one embodiment, the top plate of the compression table can be arranged parallel to a bottom plate, the top and bottom plates being arranged for cooperating to compress the flexible gas container by the relative movement of the top plate toward the bottom plate.

[0055] In another embodiment, the top plate of the compression table can be pivotably mounted to a bottom plate, the top and bottom plates being arranged for cooperating to compress the flexible gas container by a pivotable relative movement of the top plate toward the bottom plate.

[0056] In yet another embodiment, instead of a compression table, the flexible gas container can further comprise a pump connected to a bladder, the bladder being arranged next to the flexible container in such a way that inflation of the bladder compresses the fabric bag to enable the flow of hydrogen gas to the flame-spreading element.

[0057] The flame-spreading element can be included in a burner assembly for cooking with low- pressure hydrogen gas, the burner comprising an inlet arranged below flame-spreading element, the inlet in fluid communication with a volume of hydrogen gas wherein the volume of hydrogen gas is contained in a storage element and the hydrogen gas being delivered at a low-pressure to the inlet and wherein the inlet is in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element.

[0058] Other aspects of the invention.

[0059] A flame-spreading element for a burner for hydrogen gas can be a ring or a plate. The ring or the plate can be a foamed metal. The foamed metal can have pores suitable sized to enable both oxygen molecules and hydrogen molecules to permeate, diffuse through, or otherwise pass through, the foamed metal from, for example, a bottom surface to a top surface at a given, predetermined rate which can be controlled based on characteristics of the foamed metal, as described below.

[0060] The foamed metal has an advantageous and synergistic effect of enabling hydrogen gas molecules to permeate or otherwise pass through and also enables mixing or intermixing air (a mixture of gases that includes oxygen and nitrogen, for example) with hydrogen gas when used as a flame-spreading element whereby both hydrogen gas and air are released, for example, under the foamed metal. Because hydrogen is lighter than air, it has a tendency to flow upward if not otherwise encumbered or restricted. The upward flow of hydrogen gas, when further mixed with air, also causes the air to also flow upward. This effect intensifies when the gas mixture combusts.

[0061] Further, the foamed metal, based on the average pore size and / or porosity, along with the thickness or volume of material, effectively controls the rate of flow of the gas through the foamed metal. If selected properly, the pore size and / or porosity can result in an optimal flow rate that is suitable for cooking, for example.

[0062] The upward flow of gas and the controlled flow rate, when using a foamed metal flamespreading element can also prevent flashback of the gas when it is ignited.

[0063] The flame-spreading element enables a burn zone (or ignition zone, or heating area) located above its top surface when an ignition source (spark, piezo-electric igniter, match, lighter or other ignition device that would be well understood by a person skilled in the art) ignites the mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gas molecules.

[0064] Another advantage of using a foamed metal is that the pores in the metal help distribute or diffuse the gas, here the mixture of hydrogen gas and air, along the top surface of the flamespreading element, this results in a more-even burn zone or a more evenly heated cooking flame above the top surface of the flame-spreading element.

[0065] In one alternative or preferred aspect, the foamed metal can comprise nickel.

[0066] In another preferred or alternative aspect, the foamed metal can comprise Nickelchromium.

[0067] A foamed metal, whether comprising nickel or Nickel-chromium, when used as a flamespreading element for burning of hydrogen gas with oxygen, has a synergistic effect of controlling the rate of the ignition or bum and removing or reducing the amount of nitrous oxide (NOX), an unwanted by product, because nickel (including Nickel-chromium) can absorb nitrogen.

[0068] Thus, the combination of a nickel (including a chromium nickel) foamed metal flamespreading element has the synergistic effect of simultaneously reducing unwanted NOX, distributing the air-hydrogen gas mixture more evenly along the top-surface of the flamespreading element (which, in turn can provide a more evenly distributed flame or heat that is particularly well-suited for cooking), improves the intermixing of the air with the hydrogen gas, and also prevents flashback during ignition and burning of the gas.

[0069] The rate that hydrogen gas flows through the flame-spreading element, such as a ring or a plate, can be controlled by the physical characteristics of the ring or plate. These characteristics include its porosity (that is to say the ratio of solid metal to void, also called pores) and the volume of material (i.e. width times its heigh) of the ring or plate. Thus, by selecting a porosity and an average pore size for a given flame-spreading element, the flow rate can be controlled.

[0070] In one alternative or preferred aspect, the average pore size of the ring or plate can be in a range from 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm. This provides a flow rate suitable for cooking with hydrogen gas.

[0071] In another alternative or preferred aspect, the average pore size can be in a range from 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, which is more suitable for cooking with hydrogen gas.

[0072] In yet another alternative or preferred aspect, the average pore size of the ring or plate can be 0.4 mm, which is particularly well-suited for use for burning hydrogen gas as a cooking fuel because it is sized appropriately to enable both oxygen and hydrogen molecules to permeate through the foamed metal at a desired flow rate.

[0073] In some contemplated aspects of the invention, the flame-spreading element can have a porosity in a range of 1% to 10%, that is the volume of solid metal in a given volume of material is 1% of the volume to 10% of the volume, the voids, thus make up 99% to 90% of the volume.

[0074] In a more advantageous aspect, the flame-spreading element can have a porosity in a range of 3% to 5% metal-to void ratio.

[0075] In any aspect, a flame-spreading element can have an average density in a range of 0.5 to 1.2 gr / cm3 and / or a relative density of 10 percent (10%).

[0076] The ring can be a Nickel -chromium foamed metal flame-spreading element as already described in the discussed embodiments and further can comprise a 69 mm exterior diameter and 62 mm inner diameter with an open or hollow center. It can further have a height of 5 mm. This can provide the synergistic effect of mixing hydrogen gas and oxygen, preventing flashback when ignited, and making an even surface for the flame.

[0077] Alternatively, the ring of the various embodiments can comprise two rings stacked on top of each other. The two rings each can be a Nickel -chromium ring as already described in the embodiments and further can comprise a 69 mm exterior diameter and 62 mm inner diameter with an open or hollow center. It can further have a height of 5 mm, making a combined overall height of 10 mm.

[0078] In yet another alternative embodiment the flame-spreading element is a plate or disc having a 95 mm exterior diameter and a 20 mm height. The plate can be a Nickel -chromium foamed metal flame-spreading element as already described in the embodiments. This can provide the synergistic effect of mixing hydrogen gas and oxygen, preventing flashback when ignited, and making an even surface for the flame.

[0079] In a particularly advantageous or alternative aspect of the invention, a flame-spreading element as previously described in any of the preceding embodiments can be used in a hydrogen burner that can be used, for example, for cooking.

[0080] A burner can include a flame-spreading element as previously described in any of the preceding embodiments. The burner can have an inlet in fluid communication with the flamespreading element. Accordingly, hydrogen gas can flow into the burner by the inlet and continue to flow to the flame-spreading element.

[0081] To enable the flow of gas in a burner there may be internal conduits and / or sub-conduits, passages, supply lines, chambers, nozzles, flow-valves that can be in fluid communication with the inlet to more specifically direct the flow of the hydrogen gas to the flame-spreading element.

[0082] The burner can include a body having a cylindrical in shape - this symmetry of shape can better enable an even spread or distribution of the cooking flame - however, the shape of the body is not essential as there are other ways to ensure even distribution of mixed gases for burning or igniting.

[0083] The burner can include a gas distribution element in the body. The gas distribution element can be in fluid communication with a supply of hydrogen gas.

[0084] Thus, the gas distribution element can connect to an external supply of gas, preferably, low-pressure hydrogen gas.

[0085] The burner can include an inlet that is in fluid communication with the gas distribution element of the burner and connects the burner to the (external) supply of hydrogen gas.

[0086] The inlet can be located on the bottom of the body or, alternatively “near” the bottom of the body. When placed on the bottom or near the bottom of the body, the inlet enables the natural upward flow of hydrogen gas to disperse through the gas distribution element to the flamespreading element. As hydrogen gas is lighter than air, will diffuse upward. In one advantageous aspect, the inlet is located lower than the flame-spreading element. This enables other features of the invention to introduce air to the hydrogen gas and allow the mixture to flow upward, through the flame-spreading element to better enable the burner to be used for cooking with low-pressure hydrogen gas, for example.

[0087] In one aspect, the gas distribution element comprises of at least one internal conduit.

[0088] In another aspect, the gas distribution element comprises of two conduits that intersect each other.

[0089] The gas distribution element (whether having one, two, or more internal conduits) is in fluid communication with the inlet, as such it is suitable for delivering the hydrogen gas to the flame-spreading element.

[0090] In one optional aspect, the fluid delivering element also is in fluid communication with a slot. The slot locates on or in, or sits on or in, a top portion of the body of the burner. The burner having a slot that is adapted to receive, locate, or otherwise facilitate coupling, or resting of a flame-spreading element that comprises of a ring.

[0091] The slot includes at least one port in fluid communication with at least one internal conduit to enable hydrogen gas to flow from the inlet, though the conduit, and ultimately to the ring.

[0092] The greater the number of ports (locations in the channel where gas can flow from a conduit) that are in fluid communication with the slot (and thus the ring), the better the gas can be distributed along the surface of the ring to improve the burning of the gas, to create a more even distribution of heat when the gas is combusted.

[0093] In another advantageous aspect, the distribution element can include one, or at least one, internal conduit in fluid communication between the inlet and the flame-spreading element.

[0094] The internal conduit can be integral to the body, meaning that they are sealed, or otherwise isolated, to prevent mixing of the hydrogen gas with other gasses (such as air).

[0095] The internal conduits deliver the gas to predetermined points or locations (or ports) in a slot on the burner body.

[0096] The internal conduit is part of the fluid distribution element and, as such, is in fluid communication with the inlet and the flame-spreading element via the one or more ports located on the slot. Thus, hydrogen gas can be directed from an external source, through the burner body to the flame-spreading element - ultimately to be mixed with air and ignited, for example for cooking.

[0097] In an alternative aspect of the invention, a gas distribution element can comprise an opentopped chamber disposed in the body of the burner.

[0098] This chamber can include a sloped or angled bottom wall (or at least one wall) that cooperates with an inner wall or inside portion of the outer wall of the body to define this opentop chamber.

[0099] The bottom wall forms an upward taper or slope to help the upward and outward flow of the hydrogen gas from the inlet. The gas naturally flows upward, expanding and filling the chamber resulting in a more even distribution of hydrogen gas as it approaches the top of the chamber.

[0100] A flame-spreading element, such as a plate, can sit above or on the open-top of the chamber of the preceding embodiments. This enables the hydrogen gas to flow through the flame-spreading element.

[0101] Optionally, the burner can also include at least one, and preferably two, tube(s) inserted laterally into the body.

[0102] A tube can be positioned parallel to a plane defined by the ring or plate of the flamespreading element and perpendicular to the upward flow of hydrogen gas.

[0103] At least one respective tube further includes a plurality of escape holes distributed along the length of the tube and are arranged to enable hydrogen gas to escape laterally, perpendicular to the direction that the respective tube is positioned and simultaneously parallel to the plate.

[0104] The upward flow of hydrogen gas can then mix with the lateral hydrogen gas from the tubes and then mix with air.

[0105] In one alternative at least one tube is disposed under the plate.

[0106] In another alternative, at least one tube is disposed over the plate.

[0107] The burner can have a supporting element arranged to support the flame-spreading element above the inlet.

[0108] In one aspect, the supporting element can be a shoulder on which the flame-spreading element sits. In another aspect, the supporting element can be a slot in which the flame-spreading element sits in or on.

[0109] The flame-spreading element of any preceding embodiment can be used with hydrogen gas.

[0110] The flame-spreading element of any previous embodiment can be used with low-pressure hydrogen gas.

[0111] The flame-spreading element of any previous embodiment can be used with low-pressure hydrogen gas for the purpose of cooking food.

[0112] The flame-spreading element of any previous embodiment can be used with a supply of hydrogen gas from an external source.

[0113] Low-pressure hydrogen gas can be stored in an external container, such as a metal canister.

[0114] Low-pressure hydrogen gas can be stored in an external container, such as a fabric bag.

[0115] The external container can be arranged in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element.

[0116] The external container can be arranged in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element by using a burner having an inlet and a gas distribution element.

[0117] The fabric bag can be adapted to be selectively compressed. Thus, when being compressed, the fabric bag can cause hydrogen gas to flow, via a fluid communication element to the flame-spreading element.

[0118] In any aspect where the external container has, includes, or comprises a fabric bag, the fabric bag can be compressed by a compression table.

[0119] A compression table can have a top plate for exerting a downward force on a fabric bag.

[0120] A compression table can have a bottom plate for resisting the downward force against the fabric bag.

[0121] The compression table can support a fabric bag having a volume of hydrogen gas. And can be used independently of the flame-spreading element. For example, the table can be used to store the fabric bag when not in use.

[0122] The compression table can support a fabric bag when the bag is connected in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element. A compression table can have cooperating top and bottom plates whereby relative displacement of the top plate toward the bottom plate compresses the fabric bag and, thus, hydrogen gas can be directed out of the bag.

[0123] The bag can be arranged in fluid communication with a fluid distribution element external to a burner, to the burner by a supply line.

[0124] The bag can be arranged in fluid communication to a flame-spreading element or to a combination of a burner with a flame-spreading element.

[0125] In one aspect, the flame-spreading element of any previous embodiment is in fluid communication with a supply of hydrogen gas wherein the hydrogen gas can be in a fabric bag.

[0126] The fabric bag can be arranged on a bottom plate of a compression table. A top plate can move toward the bottom plate to compress the bag as described in the preceding embodiments.

[0127] In one alternative aspect, the compression table has a top plate that arranges parallel to the bottom plate.

[0128] Hydrogen gas can be selectively directed to a flame-spreading element by the compression of the bag that is in fluid communication to the flame-spreading element.

[0129] The top and bottom plates cooperating to compress the fabric bag by the relative movement of the top plate toward the bottom plate. Thus, when the bag is in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element, this compression enables hydrogen gas to flow to the flamespreading element where it mixes with air and can subsequently be ignited and burned at a controlled rate that can be suitable for cooking, for example.

[0130] In an alternative aspect, a compression table can have a top plate that is pivotably mounted, connected, or coupled to a bottom plate or bottom plate. The top and bottom plates can cooperate to compress the fabric bag by a pivotable relative movement of the top plate toward the bottom plate.

[0131] A compression table can include a weight element arranged or coupled to the top plate to further assist in compressing the fabric bag when the top plate moves towards the bottom plate.

[0132] In an alternative or optional aspect of the invention, the compression mechanism can include a weight. Preferably or optionally, the weight can be 40 kg.

[0133] In yet another alternative or optional aspect, the flame-spreading element of any preceding embodiment can be in fluid communication with a fabric bag storing a volume of hydrogen gas. The bag can further comprise a pump connected to a bladder. The bladder can be disposed or arranged next to the fabric bag whereby inflation of the bladder compresses the fabric bag to enable the flow of hydrogen gas to the flame-spreading element.

[0134] A distribution element of any aspect of the invention disclosed in any previous embodiment can include fluid communication means or conduits, or piping, or tubing that allow for fluid communication between a source of hydrogen gas and a flame-spreading device.

[0135] The distribution element can include pressure regulators to control the flow pressure of the gas in the distribution element.

[0136] The distribution element can include valves to selectively control the flow of gas.

[0137] A distribution element of any aspect of the invention disclosed in any previous embodiment can include a combination of fluid communication means and / or conduits, and / or a supply line, and / or piping, and / or tubing that allow for fluid communication between a source of hydrogen gas and a flame-spreading device.

[0138] The previous embodiments describe elements or features of the invention that can be combined in numerous ways to create many various exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0139] For example, one contemplated aspect of the invention can be a burner for cooking with low-pressure hydrogen gas.

[0140] The burner can include a flame-spreading element as previously described.

[0141] The flame-spreading element can be either a ring or a plate.

[0142] The flame-spreading element can be part of a burner whereby the burner provides a support element on which the flame-spreading element sits.

[0143] In one aspect, the flame-spreading element can be a ring that sits in or on a slot provided on a top portion of a body of the burner.

[0144] In another aspect, the flame-spreading element can be a plate that sits on a shoulder provided on a top portion of a body of the burner.

[0145] In both aspects, above, the flame-spreading element sits on a support element and the flame-spreading element is in fluid communication with a source of hydrogen gas that is delivered to the flame-spreading element at as a low-pressure hydrogen gas by means of a fluid communication element arranged or disposed in the body of the burner.

[0146] In both aspects, above, the burner includes an inlet that is part of the fluid communication means that enables low-pressure hydrogen gas to flow into the inlet and is directed or dispersed to the flame-spreading element. In this way the hydrogen gas can be mixed with air, ignited, and burned in at a controlled rate that is particularly well-suited for cooking.

[0147] Figures of the Drawing

[0148] Figure l is a perspective view of a flame-spreading element comprising a ring according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0149] Figure 2 is a top view of the flame-spreading element of Figure 1.

[0150] Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along a diameter line D2 of Figure 2.

[0151] Figure 4 is a representation of a foamed metal as used in the ring taken at lead-line 4 of Figure 3.

[0152] Figure 5 is a perspective view of a flame-spreading element comprising a plate according to a second aspect of the present invention.

[0153] Figure 6 is a profile view of the flame-spreading element of Figure 5.

[0154] Figure 7 is a representation of a foamed metal of the plate at lead-line 7 of Figure 6.

[0155] Figure 8 is an offset perspective view of a burner according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0156] Figure 9 is a top view of the burner of Figure 8.

[0157] Figure 10 is a bottom view of the burner of Figure 8.

[0158] Figure 11 is a profile view of the burner of Figure 8.

[0159] Figure 12 is another top view of the burner of Figure 8.

[0160] Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view along the line A-A of Figure 12.

[0161] Figure 14 is a profile view of the burner of Figure 12.

[0162] Figure 15 is a cross-sectional top view along the line B-B of Figure 14.

[0163] Figure 16 is an assembly view of a burner, plate, and tube according to another aspect of the invention.

[0164] Figure 17 is a top view of the burner of Figure 16.

[0165] Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view along the line 18-18 of Figure 17.

[0166] Figure 19 is a top view of a third alternative burner.

[0167] Figure 20 is a schematic view of a burner, flame-spreading element and hydrogen gas container according to another aspect of the invention.

[0168] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of a first alternative compression table. Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of a second alternative compression table.

[0169] Figure 23 is schematic diagram of a flame-spreading element, burner, storage container, and compression table according to an alternative aspect of the invention.

[0170] Detailed Discussion

[0171] Definitions

[0172] Claim features, elements, and descriptions shall be given their ordinary and customary meaning as would be understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art unless expressly defined differently herein.

[0173] Hydrogen gas refers to a gaseous state of hydrogen when stored at an ambient temperature in a range from -5 degrees Celsius to +40 degrees Celsius at a nominal pressure or in a range of pressures, whether in a storage container or in distribution elements or other means for flowing or moving or transporting or otherwise fluidly communicating the hydrogen gas to the a flame-spreading element, a burner or combination of burner and flame-spreading element.

[0174] Low pressure hydrogen gas refers to a hydrogen gas that is measured relative to ambient air pressure sea-level, for example. As such, the relative pressure of low-pressure hydrogen means a pressure of less than 2 bar and more preferably less than 1.1 bar, and in one particular aspect at 0.5 bar. Low-pressure, therefore can mean hydrogen gas less than 2 bar, preferably less than 1.1 bar, and more preferably in a range between 0.1 bar and 0.9 bar. Some aspects of the present invention contemplate low-pressure to comprise of a gas in a pressure range from a low- range value to a high-range value wherein the low-range value comprises of any one of the pressures selected from the group of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5) bar and the high-range value comprises of any one of the pressures selected from the group of (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 or 0.9) bar. For example, from a range of about 0.1 bar to about 0.8 bar, and more preferably from 0.3 bar to 0.6 bar, and even more preferably from 0.4 bar to 0.6 bar, or at 0.5 bar, or from a range of .2 bar to .9 bar, or from 0.1 bar to 0.6 bar, or from 0.1 bar to 0.9 bar, etc. The range of “low” pressure hydrogen gas can also be expressed as 0.5 bar + / - 0.4 bar. Further, intermediate values, including for example 0.25 bar, as a low-range value are contemplated.

[0175] Average pore size generally refers to the average diameter of a void in a foamed metal. For example, the average pore size of a foamed metal suitable for the flame-spreading element can be conventionally indicated by the pore range number, also called grade number. It relates to the range of pores per linear inch in the foam. For example: grade 1723 indicates 17 to 23 pores / inch (ppi). The average pore size itself is also often indicated (0 mm) to identify the cell structure of the foam.

[0176] Porosity can be defined as the non-material part (%) of the foam.

[0177] Density can be defined as the average weight of a material for a given volume.

[0178] Porous metal means a metal that contains voids that are sufficiently large for either hydrogen, or oxygen, or preferably both hydrogen and oxygen molecules to flow through the metal at a desired rate based on the porosity and volume of the metal.

[0179] Foamed metal generally refers to a material that has a cellular or porous structure resembling foam but is composed of metal. It is a broad term used to describe metal structures that have been processed to contain voids or pores within the material, resulting in a lightweight, high surface area material with unique properties. Foamed metal can be produced through various manufacturing processes, each resulting in slightly different structures and properties. According to an article from Banhart J. (2006) there are two dominant methods:

[0180] • direct foaming: ‘start from a specially prepared molten metal containing uniformly dispersed non-metallic particles to which gas bubbles are added to create foam’

[0181] • and indirect foaming: Begin with a solid base material that is made up of a metal framework in which particles of a blowing agent are evenly distributed. When this base material is melted, it expands and creates a foam structure.

[0182] Directions including, but not limited to, up and down, front and back, left and right, top and bottom, clockwise and anti -clockwise are generally used arbitrarily and shall not limit the claimed invention.

[0183] Unless otherwise specifically noted, articles depicted in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0184] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the systems, apparatuses, and methods described herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure. For example, the components of the systems and apparatuses may be integrated or separated. Moreover, the operations of the systems and apparatuses disclosed herein may be performed by more, fewer, or other components and the methods described may include more, fewer, or other steps. Additionally, steps may be performed in any suitable order. As used in this document, “each” refers to at least one member of a set or at least one member of a subset of a set. Reference Numbers

[0185] 10 Burner

[0186] 12 Body (burner 10)

[0187] 14 Flame-spreading element (ring)

[0188] 15 Slot

[0189] 16 Inlet

[0190] 18 Conduit

[0191] 50 Burner

[0192] 52 Body (burner 50)

[0193] 54 Flame-spreading element (plate)

[0194] 55 Slot

[0195] 56 Inlet

[0196] 57 Sloped bottom wall

[0197] 58 Open-topped chamber

[0198] 80 Tube

[0199] 82 Lateral through-holes

[0200] 90 Burner

[0201] 92 Body (burner 90)

[0202] 94 Flame-spreading element

[0203] 95 Slot

[0204] 96 Inlet

[0205] 100 Burner

[0206] 101 System 101’ System

[0207] 120 Supply line

[0208] 130 Valve and / or pressure regulator

[0209] 140 Bag

[0210] 142 Nozzle or coupling

[0211] 150 Lower element (compression table)

[0212] 170 Foamed metal

[0213] 180 Foamed metal

[0214] 200 Compression Table

[0215] 210 Bottom plate

[0216] 220 Pivot

[0217] 230 Top plate

[0218] 240 weight

[0219] 300 Compression table

[0220] 310 Bottom plate

[0221] 320 Top plate

[0222] 400 Burn zone or cooking zone

[0223] 500 Support grill

[0224] 600 pan Description of aspects of the Invention

[0225] A flame-spreading element can comprise a ring 14, as illustrated in Figures 1 - 4, for example.

[0226] Alternatively, a flame-spreading element can comprise a plate 54, as exemplarily illustrated in Figures 5 - 7.

[0227] Whether configured as a ring 14 or plate 54, the flame-spreading can comprise a porous metal.

[0228] More specifically, the ring 14 or plate 54 comprises a foamed metal that comprises nickel, and preferably Nickel -chromium.

[0229] The ring 14 or plate 54 have a porosity and an average pore size.

[0230] The flame-spreading element, whether configured as a ring 14 or a plate 54, can have an average pore size in a range from 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, and more preferably 0.4 mm.

[0231] The flame-spreading element, whether configured as a ring 14 or a plate 54, can have a porosity in a range of 1% to 10%, and preferably 3% to 5%.

[0232] For example, the ring 14 has a porosity and average pore size as represented in Figure 4.

[0233] The ring 14 has an open center.

[0234] The ring 14 can be elliptical with an open center. Alternatively, the ring can have another shape with an open center, for example, rectilinear.

[0235] The ring 14 further has an outer diameter d2 and an inner diameter dl (see, e.g., Fig. 2) that defines a width of the foamed metal ring. The ring 14 also has a thickness, or height h (see, e.g., Fig. 3).

[0236] The physical characteristics of the ring 14, that is the average pore size or the porosity, either or both combined with the width and height of the ring, determine the rate at which hydrogen gas can flow upward through the ring. Further, the physical characteristics enable a synergistic effect of controlling the rate at which hydrogen gas flows through the ring 14, facilitates mixing of hydrogen gas with oxygen from the ambient air, disburses evenly the gas mixture along a top surface of the ring 14, and prevents flashback during ignition and burning of the hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture.

[0237] In Figures 5 - 7, the flame-spreading element is configured as a plate 54. The plate 54 has a porosity and average pore size that is represented in Figure 7. The plate 54 is elliptical and has a diameter and height h. Alternatively, the plate can be any other shape including, but not limited to rectilinear, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc., and as such may have a height h and a length and width.

[0238] The dimensions of the plate can define a volume, which combined with the porosity and / or the average pore size determines the rate at which hydrogen gas can permeate and flow through the plate.

[0239] As with the ring 14, the plate 54 provides a synergistic effect of mixing oxygen and hydrogen gasses, controls the rate of gas flowing through the flame-spreading element, disburses evenly the mixture of gasses along a top surface of the plate 54, and prevents flashback when combusting, igniting and / or burning the gas mixture.

[0240] Whether the flame-spreading element is configured as a plate 54 or ring 14, the average pore size can be any discrete value, such as 2.3 mm, or 1.4 mm, or 0.9 mm, or 0.6 mm, or 0.4 mm, or 0.35 mm. Any average pore size can work provided it is large enough to allow hydrogen molecules to pass through. By controlling the average pore size with the volume of foamed metal, the rate of hydrogen gas that is burned is controlled. Thus, it is important to define the average pore size based on a desired flow rate and the volume of foamed metal that will diffuse the hydrogen gas.

[0241] It is important to note that the flame-spreading element is not essential for mixing oxygen and hydrogen gas, it can - however - be preferred. Oxygen can be introduced outside the flamespreading element and air and hydrogen gas can mix conventionally (for example by means of the open-top chamber or open center of the ring), and thus the average pore size and / or porosity shall be sized so that hydrogen gas can flow through the flame-spreading element.

[0242] More specifically, the flame-spreading element (ring 14 or plate 54) can have a pore size in a range from 0.35 mm to 2.3 mm.

[0243] In one advantageous aspect, the flame-spreading element (whether configured as a ring 14 or plate 54) can have an average pore size of 0.4 mm. This average pore size results in a desirable flow rate of hydrogen gas through the flame-spreading element, contributes to intermixing of oxygen and hydrogen gas, prevents flashback, and distributes evenly the gas mixture along a top surface of the flame-spreading element. This enables a controlled burn of the gas and is ideally suited for cooking, for example. Alternatively, the flame-spreading element (ring 14 or plate 54) can have a relative density of solid nickel to foam, or in yet another alternative, solid Nickel -chromium to foam, either of which that can be in a range of 4 % to 5 % in a ratio of foamed to solid metal. This can also be understood, conversely, as having a porosity that can range from 95 % to 96 % or be at a nominal value of 95% or 95.2% or 96%. This porosity effects the rate that the gas diffuses through a given volume of the flame-spreading element. The porosity, along with the physical dimensions of the flame-spreading element, thus determines the flow rate.

[0244] An additional benefit of foamed metal (nickel or Nickel -chromium) as a material for the flame-spreading element, is the reduction of NOX, as nickel absorbs nitrogen. This results in a clean burning fuel, well-suited for cooking both indoors and outdoors, and further does not produce any hydrocarbon emissions.

[0245] Accordingly, the flame-spreading element (whether configured as a ring 14 or plate 54) is particularly well suited for use with a burner (10; 50). Moreover, the burner (10; 50) can be used with a cooking gas, and more preferably a low-pressure hydrogen gas.

[0246] The flame-spreading element (whether configured as a ring 14 or plate 54) can be adapted to fit onto a burner (10; 50). The burner (10; 50 can include an inlet (16; 56) that is in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element and a supporting element arranged to support the flame-spreading element above the inlet (16; 56).

[0247] For example, Figures 8 - 15 illustrate one contemplated burner 10 for use with the ring 14, as described above. The burner 10 includes a body 12 that defines the structure that adapts to receive the ring 14 and provides distribution elements to provide hydrogen gas, preferably, low-pressure hydrogen gas, to the ring 14 to enable combustion of the hydrogen gas for cooking, for example.

[0248] Accordingly, the flame-spreading element is configured as a ring 14. The burner 10 provides a supporting element configured as a slot 15.

[0249] The body 12 depicted in Figures 8 - 15 is cylindrical. Thus, the slot 15 is an annular shape and adapted to receive the ring 14. Specifically, a bottom edge of the ring sits atop the bottom wall of the slot 15. Because the ring 14 sits in the slot 15, and because the slot is in fluid communication with the inlet 16, the ring 14 is in fluid communication with the inlet 16 and hydrogen gas can thus flow from the inlet 16 to the ring 14. The burner 10 further includes at least one internal conduit, here a first internal conduit 18 that is in fluid communication with the inlet 16. Further, the first internal conduit 18 is in fluid communication with at least one location on the slot (not depicted in the figures).

[0250] As Figures 13 and 15 illustrate, the inlet 16 locates on a bottom surface of the burner 10. Here, the inlet 16 locates in the geometric center of the bottom surface of the burner body 12, this is optional. The inlet 16 is in fluid communication with the conduit 18, which in turn, is in fluid communication with the slot 15 at two locations.

[0251] It is further contemplated that the body 10 can include a plurality of internal conduits, any at least one conduit, of the plurality of internal conduits, in fluid communication with the inlet 16 and slot 15.

[0252] The number of conduits, and thus intersections with the slot, the more evenly distributed the hydrogen gas can be dispersed to provide more even heating during cooking, for example.

[0253] Such a burner 10, as described above, could be manufactured by metal deposition (3D metal printing) or machined conventionally, as would be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art.

[0254] The internal conduit 18, being encapsulated or otherwise sealed within the body 10 has the advantage of isolating the hydrogen gas from combusting or mixing prior to reaching the ring 14. This prevents flashback and this prevents unintentional ignition of the hydrogen gas.

[0255] Further, it will be understood that the inlet 16 is so designed to provide a leak-proof seal with the body and further provides leak-proof coupling to an external supply line that provides hydrogen gas, preferably low-pressure hydrogen gas, to the body 12.

[0256] Figures 16 - 18 illustrate an alternative aspect of a burner 50 that is adapted for use with the flame-spreading element, which is configured as a plate 54.

[0257] As such, the burner 50 is adapted to receive the plate 54. The burner 50 includes a supporting element that is a shoulder 55. The shoulder 55 is adapted to support the plate 54.

[0258] The burner 50 further comprises an internal, open-top chamber 58 having at least one sloped bottom wall 57. The chamber 58 is arranged in fluid communication with the inlet 56.

[0259] Hydrogen gas, preferably low-pressure hydrogen gas, from the inlet 56 flows upward in the open-top chamber 58. The plate 54 is disposed or is arranged over the open top chamber 58 and above the inlet 56. Thus, hydrogen gas is distributed into and through the plate 54 by the upward flow of the gas, as was previously described, above.

[0260] Optionally, the burner 50 can include at least one tube 80. For example, Figure 16 shows in an exploded view one such tube 80.

[0261] The tube 80 inserts into the burner body 52 at lateral through holes 84 so that the tube 80 is placed or is disposed in the open-top chamber 58 below, or alternatively, above, the plate 54.

[0262] Further, the tube 80 can include a plurality of lateral through-holes 82 that are adapted to introduce a stream of hydrogen gasinto the chamber 58.

[0263] Figure 19 shows a third aspect of a burner 90. The burner 90 is similar to the cylindrical burner 10, but has a rectilinear body 92. As such, the flame-spreading element 94 is rectilinear, adapted to insert into a rectilinear slot (not depicted).

[0264] The burner 90 includes at least one internal conduit in fluid communication with an inlet, both represented by the hidden lines in Figure 19.

[0265] The burner 90 would function and be constructed in a similar manner as described in relation to burner 10 above.

[0266] The flame-spreading element (whether a ring 14, a plate 54 or rectilinear element 94) is adapted for use with hydrogen gas, preferably low-pressure hydrogen gas.

[0267] The hydrogen gas can be stored in an external container.

[0268] Figure 20 illustrates one contemplated external container for hydrogen gas. The container is configured as a fabric bag 140.

[0269] The fabric bag 140 can be in fluid communication with a burner 100.

[0270] The burner 100 can be configured as any burner (10; 50; 90) as previously described, above.

[0271] Preferably, the fabric bag 140 stores a volume of low-pressure hydrogen gas and is arranged to be in fluid communication with a burner 100 by a distribution element.

[0272] One such distribution element is an external supply line 120.

[0273] Optionally, the supply line 120 can include either a pressure regulator 130, a control valve (not depicted in the Figures), or both. The supply line 120 can be arranged in fluid communication with an inlet (not depicted in Fig. 20) on the burner 100.

[0274] The burner 100 includes a flame-spreading element 114.

[0275] The flame-spreading element can optionally be any one of the ring 14, or plate 54, or rectilinear element 94.

[0276] The burner body 112 is configured to receive the corresponding flame-spreading element 114.

[0277] The fabric bag 140 can sit on a lower element 150.

[0278] Now referring to Figures 21 and 22, the fabric bag 140 can sit on a compression table (200; 300). The compression table is arranged to support the fabric bag on the lower element 150 (of Fig. 20) or lower element 210 (Fig. 21), or lower element 310 (Fig. 22).

[0279] The compression table (200; 300) is further adapted to selectively compress the bag 140 by a top plate (230; 320) to direct hydrogen gas to flow from the bag 140 to the flame-spreading element (14; 54; 94; 114).

[0280] In one optional aspect, the compression table 200, as Figure 21 illustrates, squeezes the fabric bag 140 between a lower element 210 and an upper element 230. The top plate 230 is pivotably mounted or connected to the bottom plate 210.

[0281] Thus, the two plates (230; 210) cooperate to compress the fabric bag 140 by a pivotable relative movement of the top plate toward the bottom plate.

[0282] Optionally, a weight 240 may be placed on top of the top plate 230 to further facilitate compressing of the fabric bag 140.

[0283] In another optional aspect, as Figure 22 illustrates, a compression table 300 includes a top plate 320 that arranges parallel to a bottom plate 310.

[0284] The top 320 and bottom 310 plates cooperate to compress the fabric bag 140 by the relative movement of the top plate toward the bottom plate.

[0285] Optionally, a weight (not depicted, but similar to the weight 240 of Fig. 21) can be placed on top of the top plate 320 to further facilitate compressing of the fabric bag 140.

[0286] Using a compression table 200 300 with a bag 140 that is in fluid communication with a burner (10; 50; 90; 100), low-pressure hydrogen gas can flow to the flame-spreading element (14; 54; 94; 114), for example. In yet another optional aspect (not depicted in the Figures), the fabric bag 140 can be compressed by a pump connected to a bladder. The bladder can be arranged next to the fabric bag so that inflation of the bladder compresses the fabric bag to enable the flow of hydrogen gas to the flame-spreading element (14; 54; 94; 114), for example.

[0287] Figure 23 illustrates one contemplated environment of use of a burner (10; 50; 90; 100) incorporating a flame-spreading element (14; 54; 94; 114) as described herein.

[0288] Accordingly, the flame-spreading element (14; 54; 94; 114) is included in a burner (10; 50; 90; 100) that is adapted for cooking with low-pressure hydrogen gas.

[0289] The burner (10; 50; 90; 100) includes an inlet (16; 54) arranged below the flamespreading element.

[0290] The inlet (16; 54) is in fluid communication with a volume of hydrogen gas.

[0291] The volume of hydrogen gas is contained in a storage container, for example a metal canister, or more preferably, a fabric bag 140.

[0292] The volume of hydrogen gas is arranged to be delivered at a low-pressure to the inlet (16; 56), and the inlet is in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element (14; 54; 94; 114).

[0293] As such, the burner (10; 50; 90; 100) can be used to cook food in a pan 600 that can rest on a grill element 500 that is suspended above a cooking zone 400.

[0294] The cooking zone 400 is a result of an ignited mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gas that is dispersed through a flame-spreading element (14; 54; 94; 114), which is disposed on a burner (10; 50; 90; 100).

[0295] The hydrogen gas is stored in a fabric bag 140.

[0296] The bag 140 sits on a compression table 300 having a bottom plate 310 and a parallel top plate 320.

[0297] Downward movement of the top plate 320 toward the bottom plate 310 compresses the bag 140, displacing hydrogen gas through a distribution element 120 to the burner (10; 50; 90; 100).

[0298] Optionally, a valve or pressure regulator 130 regulates or controls the flow of hydrogen gas to the burner.

[0299] The aforementioned aspects of the invention, whether alone or in combination, are well suited to enable cooking with hydrogen gas. However, other uses are also contemplated. For example, but not limited to, heading non-consumable items (as might be used in a chemical laboratory, for example), or to bum hydrogen gas for a heat source, or to otherwise burn hydrogen gas in a heat exchanger.

[0300] The combination of features defined by the following numbered aspects constitute embodiments of the present invention with the technical effects as described hereinabove, and are expressly made part of the present disclosure :

[0301] Aspect 1. Burner assembly comprising

[0302] - a flame-spreading element comprising

[0303] — a ring (14) comprising a foamed metal, or

[0304] — a plate (54) comprising a foamed metal, or

[0305] — a rectilinear element (94) comprising a foamed metal; and

[0306] - a burner (10; 50) for hydrogen gas, the burner (10; 50) comprising:

[0307] — a hydrogen gas inlet (16; 56) configured to introduce hydrogen gas into the burner (10; 50), wherein the hydrogen gas inlet ( 16;56) is in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element, and

[0308] — a supporting element configured to support the flame-spreading element above the hydrogen gas inlet (16; 56); and wherein the flame-spreading element has a top surface and the flame-spreading element is configured to enable a bum zone to be located above the top surface of the flame spreading element.

[0309] The present invention provides a burner assembly enabling a more-even burn zone or a more evenly heated cooking flame above the top surface of the flame-spreading element while reducing the risk of explosion, i.e. of flashback.

[0310] Because hydrogen gas is lighter than air, it has a tendency to flow upward if not otherwise encumbered or restricted, so that there is upward flow of hydrogen gas from the inlet into the burner in the foamed metal flame-spreading element which is located above the inlet. The upward flow of hydrogen gas when mixed with air causes the air to also flow upward. This effect intensifies when the gas mixture combusts. Supply of hydrogen gas to the hydrogen gas inlet, thereby avoiding a premix of hydrogen gas and air, reduces the risk of explosion. The foamed metal helps distributing or diffusing the mixture of hydrogen gas and air along the top surface of the flame-spreading element.

[0311] 2. Burner assembly according to aspect 1, wherein the flame-spreading element is configured to enable ignition of a mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen above the top surface of the flamespreading element.

[0312] 3. Burner assembly according to aspect 1, wherein the foamed metal comprises Nickel.

[0313] 4. Burner assembly according to aspect 2 or 3, wherein the foamed metal is adapted to permeate or pass hydrogen gas and to mix or intermix air with hydrogen gas, and wherein the bum zone is configured to enable hydrogen gas to flow upwards, the upward flow of hydrogen gas, when mixed with air, causing the air to flow upwards.

[0314] 5. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the burner (10; 50) further comprises a gas distribution element configured to deliver hydrogen gas to the flame spreading element, and wherein the inlet (16; 56) is in fluid communication with the gas distribution element.

[0315] 6. Burner assembly according to aspect 5, wherein the burner (10; 50) comprises a body (12; 52) and the body (12; 52) comprises the gas distribution element.

[0316] 7. Burner assembly according to aspect 5 or 6, wherein the gas distribution element is adapted to connect the burner (10; 50) to a supply of hydrogen gas.

[0317] 8. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the supporting element of the burner (10) comprises a slot (15) configured to receive the ring (14), and wherein the ring (14) is in fluid communication with the inlet (16). 9. Burner assembly according to any of the aspects 1 to 7, wherein the supporting element of the burner (10) comprises a slot configured to receive the rectilinear element (94), and wherein the rectilinear element (94) is in fluid communication with the inlet (16).

[0318] 10. Burner assembly according to aspect 8, wherein the burner (10) further comprises an internal conduit (18) in fluid communication with the inlet (16), and wherein the internal conduit (18) is in fluid communication with at least one location on the slot (15) to allow hydrogen gas to be directed from the inlet (16) to the ring (14).

[0319] 13. Burner assembly according to any of the aspects 5 to 8, wherein the gas distribution element comprises an internal conduit in fluid communication with the inlet (16), and wherein the internal conduit is in fluid communication with at least one location on the slot to allow hydrogen gas to be directed from the inlet (16) to the rectilinear element (94).

[0320] 14. Burner assembly according to any of the aspects 6 and 7, wherein the gas distribution element comprises an open-top chamber (58) disposed in the body (52) of the burner (50).

[0321] 15. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the supporting element comprises a shoulder (55) configured to support the plate (54).

[0322] 16. Burner assembly according to aspect 14 or 15, wherein the open-top chamber (58) is arranged in fluid communication with the inlet (56) to allow hydrogen gas from the inlet (56) to flow upwards in the open-top chamber (58).

[0323] 17. Burner assembly according to aspect 16, wherein the plate (54) arranged over the open-top chamber (58) to allow hydrogen gas to be distributed into the plate (54) by the upward flow of hydrogen gas.

[0324] 18. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the burner further comprises at least one tube (80) positioned parallel to a plane defined by the ring (14) or by the plate (54) or by the rectilinear element (94) and perpendicular to the upward flow of hydrogen gas.

[0325] 19. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the burner further comprises at least one air-tube (80) arranged above the plate (54), the air-tube (80) comprising a plurality of lateral through-holes (82) to allow diffusion of air in proximity to the plate (54).

[0326] 20. Burner assembly according to any preceding aspect, wherein the inlet (16; 56) is in fluid communication with a volume of hydrogen gas; and wherein the burner assembly is configured to deliver the hydrogen gas at a low-pressure to the inlet (16; 56).

[0327] 21. Burner assembly according to aspect 20, wherein the volume of hydrogen gas is contained in a storage element (140).

[0328] 22. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the flame-spreading element has an average pore size and wherein the average pore size is in a range from 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, and the average pore size is more preferably 0.4 mm.

[0329] 23. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the flame-spreading element has a porosity and wherein the porosity is in a range of 1% to 10%, preferably 3% to 5%.

[0330] 24. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding aspects, further comprising a compression table (200; 300) configured to support a flexible low pressure hydrogen gas container (140).

[0331] 25. Burner assembly according to aspect 24, wherein the hydrogen gas container (140) is arranged in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element.

[0332] 26. Burner assembly according to aspect 24 or 25, wherein the compression table (200; 300) comprises a top plate (230; 320) configured to selectively compress the hydrogen gas container (140) to direct hydrogen gas to flow from the hydrogen gas container (140) to the flamespreading element.

[0333] 27. Burner assembly according to aspect 26, wherein the top plate (230) of the compression table (200) is pivotably mounted to a bottom plate (210), the top plate (230) and the bottom (210) plate are configured to cooperate for compressing the hydrogen gas container (140) by a pivotable relative movement of the top plate (230) toward the bottom plate (210).

[0334] 28. Burner assembly according to aspect 26, wherein the top plate (320) of the compression table (300) is arranged parallel to a bottom plate (310), wherein the top plate (320) and the bottom plates (310) are arranged to cooperate for compressing the hydrogen gas container (140) by the relative movement of the top plate (320) toward the bottom plate (310).

[0335] 29. Burner assembly according to any of the aspects 24 to 27, wherein the hydrogen gas container (140) comprises a pump connected to a bladder, and wherein the bladder is arranged next to the flexible hydrogen gas container (140) and the bladder is arranged such that inflation of the bladder compresses the hydrogen gas container to enable the flow of hydrogen gas to the flamespreading element.

[0336] 30. Burner assembly according to any of the aspects 24 to 29, wherein the hydrogen gas container (140) is a flexible low-pressure hydrogen gas container.

[0337] 31. Burner assembly according to any of the aspects 24 to 30, wherein the hydrogen gas container (140) is a fabric bag.

[0338] 32. Burner assembly for use with low-pressure hydrogen gas stored in a container, said burner assembly comprising :

[0339] - a flame-spreading element comprising

[0340] — a ring (14) comprising a foamed metal, or

[0341] — a plate (54) comprising a foamed metal, or

[0342] — a rectilinear element (94) comprising a foamed metal; wherein the flame-spreading element is arranged in fluid communication with said container (140); and

[0343] - a burner (10; 50) for hydrogen gas, the burner (10; 50) comprising

[0344] — a hydrogen inlet (16; 56) configured to introduce hydrogen gas into the burner, wherein the inlet (16; 56) is in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element, and

[0345] — a supporting element configured to support the flame-spreading element above the inlet (16; 56); and wherein the burner assembly further comprises a compression table (200; 300) arranged to support the container (140) which is a flexible low pressure hydrogen gas container.

[0346] 33. The burner assembly according to aspect 32, wherein the flexible low pressure hydrogen gas container (140) is a fabric bag (140).

[0347] 34. The burner assembly according to aspect 32 or aspect 33, wherein the compression table comprises a top plate (230; 320) to selectively compress the flexible container (140) to direct hydrogen gas to flow from the container (140) to the flame-spreading element.

[0348] 35. The burner assembly according to aspect 34, wherein, wherein the top plate (230) of the compression table (200) is pivotably mounted to a bottom plate (210), and wherein the top and bottom plates (230, 210) are arranged to cooperate for compressing the flexible gas container (140) by a pivotable relative movement of the top plate (230) toward the bottom plate (210).

[0349] 36. The burner assembly according to aspect 34, wherein the top plate (320) of the compression table (300) is arranged parallel to a bottom plate (310), and wherein the top and bottom plates (320, 310) are arranged to cooperate for compressing the flexible gas container (140) by the relative movement of the top plate (320) toward the bottom plate (310).

[0350] 37. The burner assembly according to any of the aspects 32 to 36, wherein the compression table (200; 300) includes a weight element coupled to the top plate (230; 320) for compressing the flexible low-pressure hydrogen gas container when the top plate (230; 320) moves towards the bottom plate (210; 310). 38. Kit of parts for a burner assembly, comprising

[0351] - a flame-spreading element comprising

[0352] — a ring (14) comprising a foamed metal, or

[0353] — a plate (54) comprising a foamed metal, or

[0354] — a rectilinear element (94) comprising a foamed metal; and wherein the flame-spreading element has a top surface and the flame-spreading element is configured to enable a burn zone to be located above the top surface of the flame-spreading element; and

[0355] - a burner (10; 50) for hydrogen gas, the burner (10; 50) comprising

[0356] — a hydrogen gas inlet (16; 56) configured to introduce hydrogen gas into the burner, wherein the hydrogen gas inlet (16; 56) is configured to be in fluid communication with the flamespreading element, and

[0357] — a supporting element configured to support the flame-spreading element above the hydrogen gas inlet (16; 56).

[0358] 39. Kit of parts according to aspect 38, further comprising a container (140) configured to contain hydrogen gas.

[0359] Aspect 41. A flame-spreading element for a burner for hydrogen gas, the flame-spreading element comprising: a ring (14) or a plate (54), the ring (14) or the plate (54) comprising a foamed metal that comprises nickel, and the ring (14) or plate (54) having a porosity and an average pore size.

[0360] 42. The flame-spreading element of aspect 41 wherein the average pore size is in a range from 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, and more preferably 0.4 mm.

[0361] 43. The flame-spreading element of aspect 41 or of aspect 42 wherein the porosity is in a range of 1% to 10%, preferably 3% to 5%.

[0362] 44. Burner assembly comprising - the flame-spreading element according to any preceding aspect

[0363] - a burner (10; 50), the burner comprising: an inlet (16; 56) in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element and a supporting element arranged to support the flame-spreading element above the inlet (16; 56).

[0364] 45. The burner assembly of aspect 44, wherein the flame-spreading element comprises a ring (14) and the supporting element of the burner comprises a slot (15) adapted to receive the ring (14); and the ring (14) is in fluid communication with the inlet (16).

[0365] 46. The burner assembly of aspect 45, wherein the burner (10) further comprises a first internal conduit (18) in fluid communication with the inlet (16) and the first internal conduit (18) is in fluid communication with at least one location on the slot (15), and preferably two locations on the slot (15), to allow hydrogen gas to be directed from the inlet (16) to the ring (14).

[0366] 47. The burner assembly of aspect 44, wherein the flame-spreading element comprises a plate (54); the supporting element comprises a shoulder (55) adapted to support the plate (54); and the burner (50) further comprises an internal, open-top chamber (58), the chamber (58) arranged in fluid communication with the inlet (56) to allow hydrogen gas from the inlet (56) to flow upward in the open-top chamber (58), the plate (54) being arranged over the open top chamber (58) to allow hydrogen gas to be distributed into the plate (54) by the upward flow of hydrogen gas.

[0367] 48. The burner assembly of aspect 47, wherein the burner (50) further comprises at least one airtube (80) arranged above or below the plate, the air-tube (80) comprising a plurality of lateral through-holes (82) to allow diffusion of air in proximity to the plate such that air and hydrogen gas intermix.

[0368] 49. The burner assembly of any of aspects 44 to 48, for use with low-pressure hydrogen gas stored in a container arranged in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element. 50. The burner assembly of aspect 49 further comprising a compression table (200; 300) arranged to support a flexible low pressure gas container, preferably a fabric bag (140).

[0369] 51. The burner assembly of aspect 50, wherein the compression table comprises a top plate (230; 310) to selectively compress the flexible container (140) to direct hydrogen gas to flow from the container (140) to the flame-spreading element.

[0370] 52. The burner assembly of aspect 51, wherein, wherein the top plate (230) the compression table (200) is pivotably mounted to a bottom plate (210), the top and bottom plates being arranged to cooperate for compressing the flexible gas container (140) by a pivotable relative movement of the top plate toward the bottom plate.

[0371] 53. The burner assembly of aspect 51, wherein the top plate (320) he compression table (300) is arranged parallel to a bottom plate (310), the top and bottom plates being arranged to cooperate for compressing the flexible gas container by the relative movement of the top plate (320) toward the bottom plate (310).

[0372] 54. The burner assembly according to one of aspects 44 to 53 further comprising a flexible hydrogen gas container (140), preferably a fabric bag, said container comprising a pump connected to a bladder, the bladder arranged next to the flexible container, the bladder being arranged such that inflation of the bladder compresses the fabric bag to enable the flow of hydrogen gas to the flame-spreading element.

[0373] 55. The flame-spreading element of aspect 41, 42, or 43 included in a burner (10; 50) for cooking with low-pressure hydrogen gas, the burner comprising an inlet (16; 56) arranged below flamespreading element (14; 54), the inlet in fluid communication with a volume of hydrogen gas wherein the volume of hydrogen gas is contained in a storage element and the hydrogen gas being delivered at a low-pressure to the inlet and wherein the inlet is in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element. Aspects of the present disclosure may take on various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 02 July 2025 (02.07.2025)1. Burner assembly comprising- a flame-spreading element comprising— a ring (14) comprising a foamed metal, or— a plate (54) comprising a foamed metal, or— a rectilinear element (94) comprising a foamed metal; and- a burner (10; 50) for hydrogen gas, the burner (10; 50) comprising:— a hydrogen gas inlet (16; 56) configured to introduce hydrogen gas into the burner (10; 50), wherein the hydrogen gas inlet ( 16;56) is in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element, and— a supporting element configured to support the flame-spreading element above the hydrogen gas inlet (16; 56); and wherein the flame-spreading element has a top surface and the flame-spreading element is configured to enable a burn zone to be located above the top surface of the flame spreading element.

2. Burner assembly according to claim 1, wherein the flame-spreading element is configured to enable ignition of a mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen above the top surface of the flame-spreading element.

3. Burner assembly according to claim 1, wherein the foamed metal comprises Nickel.

4. Burner assembly according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the foamed metal is adapted to permeate or pass hydrogen gas and to mix or intermix air with hydrogen gas, and wherein the burn zone is configured to enable hydrogen gas to flow upwards, the upward flow of hydrogen gas, when mixed with air, causing the air to flow upwards.

5. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the burner (10; 50) further comprises a gas distribution element configured to deliver hydrogen gas to the flamespreading element, and wherein the inlet (16; 56) is in fluid communication with the gas distribution element.

6. Burner assembly according to claim 5, wherein the burner (10; 50) comprises a body (12; 52) and the body (12; 52) comprises the gas distribution element.

7. Burner assembly according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the gas distribution element is adapted to connect the burner (10; 50) to a supply of hydrogen gas.

8. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the supporting element of the burner (10) comprises a slot (15) configured to receive the ring (14), and wherein the ring (14) is in fluid communication with the inlet (16).

9. Burner assembly according to any of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the supporting element of the burner (10) comprises a slot configured to receive the rectilinear element (94), and wherein the rectilinear element (94) is in fluid communication with the inlet (16).

10. Burner assembly according to claim 8, wherein the burner (10) further comprises an internal conduit (18) in fluid communication with the inlet (16), and wherein the internal conduit (18) is in fluid communication with at least one location on the slot (15) to allow hydrogen gas to be directed from the inlet (16) to the ring (14).

11. Burner assembly according to claim 9, wherein the burner (10) further comprises an internal conduit in fluid communication with the inlet (16), and wherein the internal conduit is in fluid communication with at least one location on the slot to allow hydrogen gas to be directed from the inlet (16) to the rectilinear element (94).

12. Burner assembly according to any of the claims 5 to 8, wherein the gas distribution element comprises an internal conduit (18) in fluid communication with the inlet (16), and wherein the internal conduit (18) is in fluid communication with at least one location on the slot (15) to allow hydrogen gas to be directed from the inlet (16) to the ring (14).

13. Burner assembly according to any of the claims 5 to 8, wherein the gas distribution element comprises an internal conduit in fluid communication with the inlet (16), and wherein the internal conduit is in fluid communication with at least one location on the slot to allow hydrogen gas to be directed from the inlet (16) to the rectilinear element (94).

14. Burner assembly according to any of the claims 6 and 7, wherein the gas distribution element comprises an open-top chamber (58) disposed in the body (52) of the burner (50).

15. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the supporting element comprises a shoulder (55) configured to support the plate (54).

16. Burner assembly according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the open-top chamber (58) is arranged in fluid communication with the inlet (56) to allow hydrogen gas from the inlet (56) to flow upwards in the open-top chamber (58).

17. Burner assembly according to claim 16, wherein the plate (54) arranged over the opentop chamber (58) to allow hydrogen gas to be distributed into the plate (54) by the upward flow of hydrogen gas.

18. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the burner further comprises at least one tube (80) positioned parallel to a plane defined by the ring (14) or by the plate (54) or by the rectilinear element (94) and perpendicular to the upward flow of hydrogen gas.

19. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the burner further comprises at least one air-tube (80) arranged above the plate (54), the air-tube (80) comprising a plurality of lateral through-holes (82) to allow diffusion of air in proximity to the plate (54).

20. Burner assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the inlet (16; 56) is in fluid communication with a volume of hydrogen gas; and wherein the burner assembly is configured to deliver the hydrogen gas at a low-pressure to the inlet (16; 56).

21. Burner assembly according to claim 20, wherein the volume of hydrogen gas is contained in a storage element (140).

22. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the flame-spreading element has an average pore size and wherein the average pore size is in a range from 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, and the average pore size is more preferably 0.4 mm.

23. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the flame-spreading element has a porosity and wherein the porosity is in a range of 1% to 10%, preferably 3% to 5%.

24. Burner assembly according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a compression table (200; 300) configured to support a flexible low pressure hydrogen gas container (140).

25. Burner assembly according to claim 24, wherein the hydrogen gas container (140) is arranged in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element.

26. Burner assembly according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the compression table (200; 300) comprises a top plate (230; 320) configured to selectively compress the hydrogen gas container (140) to direct hydrogen gas to flow from the hydrogen gas container (140) to the flame-spreading element.

27. Burner assembly according to claim 26, wherein-the top plate (230) of the compression table (200) is pivotably mounted to a bottom plate (210), the top plate (230) and the bottom(210) plate are configured to cooperate for compressing the hydrogen gas container (140) by a pivotable relative movement of the top plate (230) toward the bottom plate (210).

28. Burner assembly according to claim 26, wherein the top plate (320) of the compression table (300) is arranged parallel to a bottom plate (310), wherein the top plate (320) and the bottom plates (310) are arranged to cooperate for compressing the hydrogen gas container (140) by the relative movement of the top plate (320) toward the bottom plate (310).

29. Burner assembly according to any of the claims 24 to 27, wherein the hydrogen gas container (140) comprises a pump connected to a bladder, and wherein the bladder is arranged next to the flexible hydrogen gas container (140) and the bladder is arranged such that inflation of the bladder compresses the hydrogen gas container to enable the flow of hydrogen gas to the flame-spreading element.

30. Burner assembly according to any of the claims 24 to 29, wherein the hydrogen gas container (140) is a flexible low-pressure hydrogen gas container.

31. Burner assembly according to any of the claims 24 to 30, wherein the hydrogen gas container (140) is a fabric bag.

32. Burner assembly for use with low-pressure hydrogen gas stored in a container, said burner assembly comprising :- a flame-spreading element comprising— a ring (14) comprising a foamed metal, or— a plate (54) comprising a foamed metal, or— a rectilinear element (94) comprising a foamed metal; wherein the flame-spreading element is arranged in fluid communication with said container (140); and- a burner (10; 50) for hydrogen gas, the burner (10; 50) comprising— a hydrogen inlet (16; 56) configured to introduce hydrogen gas into the burner, wherein the inlet (16; 56) is in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element, and— a supporting element configured to support the flame-spreading element above the inlet (16; 56); and wherein the burner assembly further comprises a compression table (200; 300) arranged to support the container (140) which is a flexible low pressure hydrogen gas container.

33. The burner assembly according to claim 32, wherein the flexible low pressure hydrogen gas container (140) is a fabric bag (140).

34. The burner assembly according to claim 32 or claim 33, wherein the compression table comprises a top plate (230; 320) to selectively compress the flexible container (140) to direct hydrogen gas to flow from the container (140) to the flame-spreading element.

35. The burner assembly according to claim 34, wherein, wherein the top plate (230) of the compression table (200) is pivotably mounted to a bottom plate (210), and wherein the top and bottom plates (230, 210) are arranged to cooperate for compressing the flexible gas container (140) by a pivotable relative movement of the top plate (230) toward the bottom plate (210).

36. The burner assembly according to claim 34, wherein the top plate (320) of the compression table (300) is arranged parallel to a bottom plate (310), and wherein the top and bottom plates (320, 310) are arranged to cooperate for compressing the flexible gas container (140) by the relative movement of the top plate (320) toward the bottom plate (310).

37. The burner assembly according to any of the claims 32 to 36, wherein the compression table (200; 300) includes a weight element coupled to the top plate (230; 320) for compressing the flexible low-pressure hydrogen gas container when the top plate (230; 320) moves towards the bottom plate (210; 310).

38. Kit of parts for a burner assembly, comprising- a flame-spreading element comprising— a ring (14) comprising a foamed metal, or— a plate (54) comprising a foamed metal, or— a rectilinear element (94) comprising a foamed metal; and wherein the flame-spreading element has a top surface and the flame-spreading element is configured to enable a bum zone to be located above the top surface of the flame-spreading element; and- a burner (10; 50) for hydrogen gas, the burner (10; 50) comprising— a hydrogen gas inlet (16; 56) configured to introduce hydrogen gas into the burner, wherein the hydrogen gas inlet (16; 56) is configured to be in fluid communication with the flame-spreading element, and — a supporting element configured to support the flame-spreading element above the hydrogen gas inlet (16; 56).

39. Kit of parts according to claim 38, further comprising a container (140) configured to contain hydrogen gas.

Images