Vaned hydraulic machine with piston system

Abstract

A vaned hydraulic pump / hydraulic motor has a housing (1) and an impeller (2) which has vanes (3) rigidly fastened thereto or which is provided in the form of a single one-piece part. Situated between the vanes (3), in the body of the impeller (2), are radial channels (4) with reciprocally movable pistons (5) disposed therein. The pistons (5) are movably fastened via rods (6) to a common hub (7), and the axis of rotation of the hub (7) is radially offset from the axis of rotation of the impeller (2). The hub (7) is coupled to the impeller (2) by a universal joint (10) such as to be capable of rotating together with and at the same speed as the impeller. In the body of each piston (5) there is a cavity (5a) which is capable of receiving a hydraulic fluid and which has a compressible element (5b) mounted therein that is variable in volume under the influence of excess pressure arising as the piston (5) passes through top and bottom dead centre.

Description

[0001]A vane hydraulic motor with a passive piston system. The present invention relates to vane hydraulic motors and hydraulic pumps in which the rotor blades do not contact the stator walls. Hydraulic motors are known that have a cylindrical housing containing a rotatable vane wheel. Through an inlet in the housing, pressurized hydraulic fluid is supplied to the vane wheel blades, rotating the wheel and exiting through an outlet. The closest approach to the claimed invention is the unit presented in document CN102536809A, in which the vane wheel has radially sliding blades, which are secured to a separate hub via hinges and connecting rods. The hub and the vane wheel rotate at the same frequency via a gear transmission or a synchronizing device consisting of round holes and rollers.A disadvantage of this unit is the high frictional force between the sliding blades and the walls of the rotor opening where the blades move. This frictional force occurs when the working fluid presses against the sidewall of the blade, and the impeller, being loaded by a load through the drive shaft, creates resistance to this rotation. Another disadvantage of this design is the need for complex connecting rods, which, among other things, contain a spring. These factors contribute to a decrease in the efficiency of this unit and a reduction in its reliability. The objective of the present invention is to create a vane hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor without blade wear, eliminating blade friction in the impeller, and using a simpler and more reliable connecting rod design.The solution to the present invention is that the impeller with its blades will be a single, integral part, with radial passages in the impeller body between the blades, in which the pistons will move. All pistons, via their connecting rods, will be movably mounted on a hub. The hub's axis of rotation will be radially offset from the impeller's axis of rotation and will rotate synchronously with it. For this purpose, they will be connected by a cardan transmission. To compensate for excess and excessive pressure in the imaginary chamber between two adjacent blades and the inner walls of the housing, which occurs during the rotational segment between the inlet and outlet channels of the housing, a cavity will be provided in the piston crown, in which a separate element made of a compressible material, such as foam rubber, will be installed.Also, the hydraulic unit may be equipped with a system that prevents the impeller from rotating in the wrong direction when used as a hydraulic motor. This system will include two mutually opposite overrunning clutches, the stators of which are fixedly attached to the hydraulic unit body, and splines are made on the inner cylindrical surface of the rotors. The sliding clutch, constantly connected by a sliding spline connection to the impeller, will be able to enter into spline engagement with either one or the other overrunning clutch. A system of valves connected by a system of rods and levers to the sliding clutch will be provided in front of the inlet and outlet ports of the hydraulic unit. The invention is illustrated by the following drawings: Fig. 1 Cross-sectional view of the hydraulic unit. Fig. 2 Longitudinal sectional view of the hydraulic unit. Fig. 3 Enlarged sectional view of the piston In Fig.1 shows the housing 1 of the hydraulic unit, the impeller 2 with the blades 3, the radial channels 4 in the impeller 2, the pistons 5, the connecting rods 6, the hub 7, the inlet opening 8 of the hydraulic unit and the outlet opening 9. In Fig. 2, in addition to the above elements, the cardan transmission 10 is shown, as well as the bearing balls 11 holding the hub 7, and the bearing balls 12 holding the impeller 2. In Fig. 3, the piston 5, the cavity 5a and the compressible element 5b are shown.The claimed hydraulic unit operates as follows: the working fluid supplied through the inlet opening 8 presses on the blades 3 of the impeller 2 causing it to rotate, while the conditional chamber between two adjacent blades 3 of the impeller 2, entering the cavity of the inlet channel 8, is already filled with the working fluid, while, when passing through the cavity of the inlet opening 8, each such conditional chamber increases in volume in order to accept an additional new volume of the working fluid, this occurs because the piston 5 of each such conditional chamber passing this stage of the working cycle moves along the channel 4 to the center of the impeller 2, increasing the volume of a separate conditional chamber.After leaving the cavity of the inlet port 8, the piston 5 reaches its bottom dead center and the volume of this chamber stops increasing, then this chamber enters the cavity of the outlet port 9, passing through it, the piston 5 moves to its top dead center, while the volume of this conditional chamber decreases and the working fluid comes out into the outlet port 9. The compressible element 5c, located in each piston 5, allows compensating for the change in pressure in the conditional chamber when it is closed by the inner wall of the housing 1 at the stages of passing between the cavities of the inlet 8 and outlet 9 holes of the housing 1. That is, when the piston approaches the top dead center, when the conditional chamber is closed, the piston still continues its insignificant movement to the top dead center and the pressure in this chamber tends to increase, as a result of this, the compressible element will decrease in volume.As the piston passes the bottom dead center, the compressed element expands under the influence of excess pressure. The hydraulic fluid, supplied under pressure through one of the two pipes, first enters the valve system. To continue its passage through the pipeline, it is forced to push the valve (piston) blocking its path until it clears the channel through which the fluid can flow further along the pipeline to the hydraulic motor inlet port 8. This valve (piston), via a system of rods and levers, moves the sliding clutch to a position where it engages the splined mesh with the desired overrunning clutch. Thus, impeller 2 will engage the splined mesh with the overrunning clutch, and thanks to it, it will be able to rotate in only one direction.By supplying the working fluid in the reverse direction through the second pipe, it will shift the aforementioned valve (piston) in the opposite direction, which will move the sliding clutch into engagement with the other overrunning clutch, which will lock the rotation of impeller 2 in the opposite direction. Entering the hydraulic motor through port 9, the working fluid will rotate impeller 2 in the opposite direction, preventing it from rotating in the undesired direction.

Claims

The AMENDED CLAUSE OF THE INVENTION was received by the International Bureau on December 14, 2024 (12 / 14 / 2024) 1. A blade machine having a housing and a blade wheel in its design is distinguished by the fact that the blades (3) are fixedly attached to the blade wheel (2) or represent a single integral part, and between the blades in the body of the blade wheel there are radial channels (4) in which pistons 5 are located with the possibility of reciprocating motion, these pistons through their connecting rods (6) are movably attached to a common hub (7), and the axis of rotation of the hub (7) is radially offset relative to the axis of rotation of the blade wheel (2), while the hub is connected to the blade wheel by means of a cardan transmission (10) and therefore is capable of rotating with it at the same frequency, also in the body of each piston (5) there is a cavity 5a), which is arranged with the possibility of working fluid entering it, and in which a compressible element (5b) is installed, capable of changing its volume under the influence of an increase or decrease in the pressure of the working fluid occurring when the piston passes the top and bottom dead centers.

2. The invention according to paragraph 1 is distinguished by the presence of two mutually oppositely directed overrunning clutches, the stators of which are fixedly attached to the machine body, and their rotors have the structural capability of alternately entering into mechanical engagement with the impeller of the machine. 5 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)

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