Sealing element for pipe feed-throughs

Abstract

The invention relates to a sealing element, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, having a flat design and a multi-layer structure. The present invention further relates to a method for producing a sealing element and to the use of a sealing element according to the present invention for sealing pipe passages in walls.

Description

[0001] Sealing element for pipe penetrations

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of sealing pipe passages in walls.

[0003] In particular, the present invention relates to a sealing element, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, with a flat design and a multi-layer structure.

[0004] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing a sealing element and the use of a sealing element according to the present invention for sealing pipe passages in walls.

[0005] In the construction industry, especially in the area of ​​interior finishing where water or moisture exposure is relevant, sealing floor and wall surfaces against moisture penetration is essential. This is also reflected in the fact that sealing interior spaces is regulated by standards, including DIN 18534, which has been in place since 2017.

[0006] Missing or faulty waterproofing of walls or floors in bathrooms, shower enclosures, and similar areas can lead to water or moisture ingress into the building structure. Water and moisture can remain trapped there or be prevented from evaporating quickly by ceramic surface or wall coverings. This increases the risk of lasting damage to the building structure due to moisture, for example, leading to the formation of mold.

[0007] For this reason, wall and floor surfaces, as well as the transitions between them, must be sealed with waterproofing materials, for example, using sheet-like sealants. Furthermore, sealing pipe penetrations and installation openings in walls, such as those for water supply and drainage pipes at sinks, bathtubs, or in the shower area, is crucial.

[0008] Before the development of sealing sleeves for pipe penetrations, pipe penetrations were sealed by injecting silicone rubber compounds into the space between the pipe and the wall. Such seals are mechanically less robust and therefore prone to damage, which consequently leads to an increased risk of water penetration into the wall and thus the structural integrity of a building.

[0009] Sealing sleeves, which as flat sealing elements enable a further bridging and thus sealing of the space between the wall and the pipe, offer a clear advantage over silicone injection seals in this regard.

[0010] However, state-of-the-art sealing sleeves or flat sealing elements for sealing pipe penetrations in walls often lack flexibility when it comes to adapting to the pipe in the passage to be sealed. Instead, a precisely fitting sealing element must often be found for each pipe, taking into account its specific diameter. This creates the risk that sealing sleeves that do not seal completely are used, which accordingly cannot provide the required sealing performance to adequately protect the building structure from moisture.

[0011] In addition, sealing elements with a flexible elastic layer, usually made of rubber or caoutchouc, are known, in which the elastic layer is exposed in the area of ​​the pipe penetration in order to ensure the most watertight connection to the pipe penetration.

[0012] However, these state-of-the-art sealing elements are sensitive to mechanical influences, for example from installation tools, wall finishing tools or even surface coverings such as tiles, and are prone to damage, for example from sharp tool or tile edges, which can particularly impair the sealing performance of the sealing element.

[0013] Against this background, there continues to be a need in the prior art for flexibly deployable and robust sealing sleeves or flat sealing elements for sealing pipe passages in walls, which are at least somewhat adaptable to different pipe diameters and simultaneously exhibit increased resistance to mechanical impact, thus allowing for multiple and reliable use. An object of the present invention is therefore to avoid, or at least mitigate, the disadvantages associated with the previously described prior art.

[0014] In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a simple and efficiently manufactured structure for a sealing element, which ensures effective and long-term secure sealing of pipe passages in walls while at the same time being user-friendly and flexible to handle.

[0015] Furthermore, a further object of the present invention is to provide an efficient manufacturing method for a corresponding sealing element.

[0016] The subject matter of the present invention according to a first aspect of the present invention is thus a sealing element according to claim 1; further advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject matter of the relevant subclaims.

[0017] A further subject matter of the present invention, according to a second aspect of the present invention, is a method for producing a sealing element according to claim 21.

[0018] Furthermore, a further subject matter of the present invention, according to a third aspect of the present invention, is a sealing element according to claim 22, a further advantageous embodiment of this aspect of the invention is the related subclaim 23.

[0019] Furthermore, a further subject matter of the present invention, according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, is a method for producing a sealing element according to claim 24.

[0020] Finally, the subject matter of the present invention, according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, is the use of a sealing element for sealing pipe passages in walls according to claim 25.

[0021] It goes without saying that special features, characteristics, configurations and embodiments as well as advantages or the like which are explained below - for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary repetition - only with regard to one aspect of the invention, naturally apply accordingly with regard to the other aspects of the invention without this requiring express mention.

[0022] Furthermore, it should be noted that with all relative or percentage quantities mentioned below, especially those based on weight, these must be selected by the person skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention in such a way that the sum of the ingredients, additives, auxiliaries, or the like always results in 100% or 100% by weight. However, this is self-evident to the person skilled in the art.

[0023] Furthermore, all parameter specifications mentioned below or similar ones can in principle be determined or ascertained using standardized or explicitly specified determination methods or using determination procedures that are familiar to the person skilled in the art.

[0024] With this in mind, the subject matter of the present invention is explained in more detail below.

[0025] The subject matter of the present invention - according to a first aspect of the present invention - is a sealing element, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, having a planar configuration and comprising a multi-layer structure, wherein the sealing element comprises a first layer (A), a second layer (B) and at least one third layer (C) arranged between the layers (A) and (B), comprising a watertight, elastic plastic.

[0026] The first layer (A) has a first recess, the second layer (B) has a second recess, and the third layer (C) has a third recess. Furthermore, the sealing element comprises at least one recess extending through the layers (A), (B), and (C) and / or through the first recess, the second recess, and the third recess.

[0027] According to the invention, the first layer (A) and the third layer (C) are designed to be stretchable and / or elastic.

[0028] Furthermore, the invention provides that the second recess surrounds and / or encloses the first recess and the third recess. For the purposes of the present invention, "enclosing and / or surrounding" is to be understood in particular as meaning that the first and third recesses are arranged in the region of the second recess, in particular wherein the recesses are arranged one above the other, but the second recess is nevertheless larger than the first and third recesses. Surrounding and / or enclosing by the second recess can thus be ensured, since the first and third recesses are preferably always smaller than the second recess.

[0029] In particular, the edge region of the second recess encloses the edge regions (respectively) of the first and third recess.

[0030] The respective edge region of the respective layer can in particular delimit the respective recess (assigned to this edge region).

[0031] The third recess can be the same size as or different from the first recess. The first and third recesses are particularly preferably arranged directly above one another.

[0032] The third recess can be arranged in alignment with the first recess and / or can enclose and / or surround the first recess. Consequently, the third recess is in particular at least as large as the first recess. With an aligned arrangement of the first and third recesses, both recesses are in particular the same size and in particular arranged directly one above the other, preferably coaxially and / or symmetrically. The first layer can thus also protect the third layer in the sealed area and / or in the area of ​​the recess. In particular, it is also ensured that the third layer is protected by the first layer in the area around the recess.

[0033] According to the invention, it is further provided that the edge regions of the first recess and the third recess extend into the region of the second recess and / or protrude and / or protrude from an edge region of the recess.

[0034] In particular, the edge regions of the first and third recesses protrude completely and / or entirely from the edge region of the second recess. This results in, in particular, the first and third recesses being arranged entirely within the region of the second recess, and in particular, the first and third layers extending into the region of the second recess. The recess thus extends through the first and third recesses in the first and third layers and into the larger second recess of the second layer.

[0035] The present invention advantageously provides a particularly robust, flexible and easy-to-use solution for a sealing element that is particularly suitable for sealing pipe passages or installation openings in walls.

[0036] By placing the waterproof third layer (C), which is also essentially to be understood as a functional layer, between the first layer (A) and the second layer

[0037] (B), which in this respect can also be regarded as protective layers to a certain extent, it can advantageously be ensured that mechanical injury or damage to the third layer (C), which essentially ensures the sealing function of the sealing element, is avoided. This applies in particular to the installation and subsequent processing of the sealing element when sealing pipe passages, i.e. operations during which the sealing element is arranged around a pipe passage in a wall, as well as the subsequent work steps of plastering or painting the wall and also the sealing element with adhesive layers for a ceramic surface covering typically used in bathrooms or rooms exposed to moisture.

[0038] The first and second layers (A) and (B) surrounding the third layer (C) can advantageously prevent, or at least minimize, the risk of the third layer (C) being slightly or directly damaged by mechanical action, for example, from tools, during these operations. In this way, the overall sealing performance of the sealing element according to the invention can be more reliably ensured and less easily disrupted than known sealing elements of the prior art.

[0039] The first and second layers (A) and (B) further advantageously protect the third layer (C) against temperature and weather influences. It has been advantageously found that the first and second layers (A) and (B), which form the third layer,

[0040] (C) reliably protect them from deformation or similar functional impairment in the so-called freeze-thaw cycle or hot water cycle test. In particular, the first and second layers (A) and (B) prevent the plastic from warping or becoming porous after spraying water at a temperature of 99 °C during the tests conducted, which would be the case if the plastic were exposed to the hot water without protection.

[0041] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous that the third layer (C), like the first layer (A), is both elastic and stretchable, while the second layer (B) is preferably not stretchable. Advantageously, the first layer (A), which can also be considered a protective layer, and the second layer (C), which can also be considered a functional layer, complement each other in their material properties, allowing these layers to interact advantageously, which advantageously influences both the resistance and sealing performance of the sealing element according to the invention.

[0042] The first and third layers (A) and (C) are therefore advantageously designed to serve primarily to seal a pipe and are configured in such a way that, due to their elastic properties, they can be flexibly placed over pipes of a relatively variable size. The elastic properties of the layers advantageously ensure that the first and third layers (A) and (C) fit tightly against the pipe over which the sealing element according to the invention is placed, thus achieving an efficient and effective, permanent seal for the pipe.

[0043] The second layer (B) advantageously serves as a robust and strength-providing support or carrier layer, which provides the sealing element as a whole with sufficient structural integrity and strength to enable a resistant and durable arrangement around a pipe.

[0044] The sealing element according to the invention is advantageously characterized overall by a material-efficient and structurally simple design, which allows for uncomplicated and cost-effective production of the sealing element. At the same time, the sealing element has improved application properties compared to sealing elements known from the prior art with regard to the aspects of flexibility in application for different pipe diameters, resistance and robustness, as well as simplicity in processing and application for sealing, which are directly attributable to the structure of the sealing element and the design of the individual layers of the sealing element.

[0045] The sealing element according to the invention with a flat design can also be understood or described as a flat sealing element within the scope of the present invention. A flat, or even flat, design means that the sealing element according to the invention is designed to be flat, in particular at least substantially, with respect to a spatial xyz dimension in the z direction or a height dimension, or has only a small dimension in the z direction (height dimension) compared to the dimension in the x and y directions (length and width dimension).

[0046] Furthermore, the sealing element according to the invention can also be understood or referred to in particular as a sealing sleeve, wall sleeve, sealing sleeve, in particular for sealing or for installation openings or pipe passages in walls, and the aforementioned terms are to be understood as synonymous within the scope of the present invention.

[0047] Furthermore, a waterproof design of the plastic of the third layer (C) means that it has a watertightness according to DIN EN 20811:1992 of more than 2,000 mm, in particular more than 10,000 mm, water column.

[0048] In the context of the present invention, elastic means that the first and third layers (A) and (C) or the materials comprising the layers return to their respective initial state after the end of a force application by stretching or compressing, in particular within a comparatively short period of time.

[0049] In the context of the present invention, "extensible" or "stretchable" means that the first and third layers (A) and (C), or the materials comprising the layers, are designed such that they can change their shape under the application of force, in particular can be lengthened without breaking or tearing. In this sense, "firm" or "non-extensible" or "non-stretchable" in the context of the present invention means that a layer, or the material comprised therein, is at least substantially not designed such that it can change its shape under the application of force, in particular can be lengthened without breaking or tearing.

[0050] In the context of the present invention, a recess and / or cutout refers to an indentation or cutout in the layer structure or in the respective layer of the sealing element according to the invention or in material from the sealing element. In this sense, an edge region resulting in the region of the recess and / or cutout can also be understood, in the context of the present invention, as an edge or a terminal region of a layer.

[0051] Furthermore, with regard to the design of the sealing element according to the invention, it has proven advantageous within the scope of the present invention for the sealing element to have one or two recesses. This allows the sealing element to be used flexibly and in a variety of ways.

[0052] If the sealing element has two recesses, it is understood in particular that each recess is formed by a respective cutout in the respective layer. Consequently, the second recess can also extend through (further) cutouts in the layers, namely, in particular, through a further first cutout in the first layer, a further second cutout in the second layer, and a further third cutout in the third layer. The aforementioned and subsequent preferred embodiments apply to the second cutout in the same way as to the (first) cutout, without this requiring further explicit mention.

[0053] In particular, in the event that the sealing element has two recesses, an advantageous design as a so-called double sealing sleeve is possible, which allows safe and simple application, in particular for sealing pipe passages or installation openings for surface-mounted shower fittings or, in general, surface-mounted fittings with a hot and a cold water inlet.

[0054] According to the invention, it is preferred if the at least one recess, in particular the two recesses, is (are) arranged on a horizontal line through the center of the sealing element (relative to the center of the recesses). In this way, an optimal and material-efficient geometry of a sealing element for secure sealing can advantageously be realized. It is advantageous if the at least one, in particular one, recess is arranged in the center of the sealing element (relative to the center of the recess), in particular extends around the center of the sealing element. The aforementioned advantages are thus achieved in a particularly clear manner. In particular, a centered and uncomplicated arrangement of the sealing element according to the invention is also possible.

[0055] For the preferred, alternative design of the sealing element according to the invention with two recesses, it has proven useful if the two recesses, based on the center point of the recesses, are arranged at a distance from one another on the horizontal line through the center point of the sealing element such that two adjacent pipe passages in walls are or can be sealed. This also allows a material-efficient design of so-called double sealing sleeves that is optimized with regard to the sealing effect. The spacing of the recesses from one another can essentially be predetermined by standardized specifications for pipe passages or installation openings of corresponding hot and cold water inlets and is advantageously in a range of 50 mm to 250 mm, in particular 100 mm to 150 mm.

[0056] In a further preferred embodiment of the inventive concept, it is provided that the first recess is at least substantially identical in construction and / or of the same size as the third recess and is arranged in particular directly above the third recess, so that preferably the first recess is arranged in alignment with the third recess and / or so that preferably the first recess and third recess are arranged coaxially and / or with their respective cross sections concentrically to one another.

[0057] In this context, it is understood that a coaxial arrangement can be understood to mean, in particular, a coaxial arrangement. In particular, "coaxial" means that the elements arranged coaxially (to one another) have matching axes of rotation, whereby the elements are three-dimensional. In the present case, the recesses, which can be openings in the respective layers, form the three-dimensional elements. In particular, the recesses (to one another)—i.e., the first and third recesses—are therefore arranged coaxially. The two-dimensional equivalent of "coaxial" is "concentric." Consequently, the cross-sections of the recesses—i.e., the first and third recesses—can preferably be arranged concentrically (to one another) alternatively or additionally.

[0058] In a further preferred embodiment, the centers of the first, second, and third recesses are arranged on a straight line. This straight line runs in particular such that it intersects a sealing plane formed by an outer surface of the first layer facing away from the third layer, and is arranged orthogonally to the sealing plane. In this context, it is understood that the aforementioned arrangement of the straight lines arises in particular when the sealing element is not in use or when it is stretched out flat. In the assembled state, the outer surface of the first layer cannot be flat, so that the aforementioned geometric orientation of the straight line would not be realized. In particular, the aforementioned geometric arrangement of the straight line refers to a flat outer surface of the first layer.

[0059] In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the first recess, the second recess, and the third recess are arranged coaxially, in particular with respect to one another, and / or the cross sections of the first recess, the second recess, and the third recess are arranged concentrically, in particular with respect to one another. The meaning of a coaxial or concentric arrangement has already been explained above, so that reference may be made to these explanations. The coaxial arrangement provides an optimized alignment of the recesses, which can ensure an improved sealing function, preferably through a precise fit of the recesses to the means to be sealed, such as a pipe passage.

[0060] The coaxial arrangement can ensure, in particular, that the second recess can preferably completely surround the first and third recess and in this way protection of the second layer can preferably be ensured.

[0061] The aforementioned geometric ratios of the recesses of the layers enable optimal sealing with the sealing element and, moreover, long-term use of the sealing element.

[0062] Preferably, the first recess, the second recess and / or the third recess is / are circular and / or elliptical and / or rectangular when viewed in cross-section. In particular, the design of the recesses is adapted to the means to be sealed, such as a pipe passage. Pipe passages are usually round or circular in cross-section, so that a circular design of the recesses (seen in cross-section) enables optimal adaptability or optimal conformation to the pipe passage, in particular as a result of which the seal can be further improved. If the pipe passage is elliptical or rectangular when viewed in cross-section, then in particular at least one, and in particular all, of the recesses can be designed to correspond, so that in particular the outer circumference of the pipe passage in the area to be sealed is contained in the recesses orcan be accommodated in the recess. Thus, the outer periphery of the pipe passage in the area to be sealed can be surrounded, preferably in a sealing manner, by the edge regions of the recesses in the layers.

[0063] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the second recess, with its edge region, completely encloses and / or surrounds the first recess and third recess and / or the edge region of the first recess and the edge region of the third recess. The aforementioned feature ensures, in particular, that the edge regions of the first and third recesses protrude into the region of the second recess or protrude relative to the edge region of the second recess. In this context, it is understood that the "protrusion" of the edge regions can also occur when the layers and consequently the recesses are arranged one above the other and not in a plane. For the "protrusion" of the edge regions and / or the "surrounding / enclosing" by the edge region of the second recess, the respective edge region of the first and / or third recess is accordingly "projected" onto the plane of the second layer or into the region of the second recess.

[0064] In a further preferred embodiment of the present inventive concept, it is provided that the first and third layers each protrude and / or protrude with an overlap section relative to the edge region of the second recess. These overlap sections of the first and third layers are preferably of the same size (with regard to their geometric dimensions). In further embodiments, however, the overlap sections of the first and third layers can also be designed differently. Preferably, the overlap sections of the first and third layers form a common overlap region. This overlap region is particularly preferably continuous and / or uninterrupted.

[0065] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the overlapping sections of the first and third layers are arranged at least substantially one above the other and preferably directly adjacent to one another and, more preferably, are firmly connected to one another, in particular by a material bond. In this way, a solid bond of the overlapping area can be achieved, which in particular leads to improved sealing.

[0066] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the diameter, in particular the maximum diameter, of the first recess and / or the third recess corresponds to at most 95%, preferably between 50% and 95%, more preferably between 60% and 90%, of the diameter, in particular the maximum diameter, of the second recess. Accordingly, the first and / or third recess have, in particular, a smaller diameter than the second recess. Accordingly, the second recess can surround and / or enclose the first and third recess, preferably completely.

[0067] With regard to the layer structure and the arrangement of the layers for the sealing element according to the invention, it has proven advantageous if the edge regions of the first and third layers (A) and (C) are at least 5% smaller, in particular at least 10% smaller, preferably at least 15% smaller, distance from the center of the recess than the edge region of the third layer (B). In other words, it is therefore provided that the edge regions of the first and third layers (A) and (C) are less distanced from the center of the recess than the edge region of the second layer (B), in particular in the range of the aforementioned percentages. This results in a certain overlap or protrusion and accordingly a protrusion or overlap region for the first and third layers (A) and (C) compared to the second layer (B), which will be discussed in more detail below.For the aforementioned percentages, a particularly advantageous design of the projection or overlap region or of the layer arrangement for the sealing element according to the invention in general results within the scope of the invention. As far as the shape of the recess is concerned, this can be designed in a variety of ways and can, for example, be square or polygonal, essentially round, or completely irregular or asymmetrical. In general, it has proven useful if the recess is shaped around its center point in such a way that such an overlap or projection and accordingly such a projection or overlap region for the first and third layers (A) and (C) relative to the second layer (B) results that a sealing fit against a pipe is achieved. Preferably, the shape of the recess comprises two concentrically (seen in cross-section) or coaxially arranged, in particular identical, shapes of different sizes.These are preferably geometric shapes. Likewise, in this context, the recess for the first and third layers (A) and (C) is preferred over the recess in the second layer.

[0068] (B) smaller. For example, the recess can comprise two concentrically arranged squares or two concentrically arranged octagons of different sizes, with the square or octagonal recess for the first and third layers (A) and (C) being smaller than the square or octagonal recess in the second layer (B).

[0069] In particular, it has proven advantageous within the scope of the invention if the recess is formed at least substantially round, preferably circular and / or circular, around the center of the recess. Thus, a recess is preferably provided that comprises two concentric circles of different sizes, wherein the recess for the first and third layer (A) and

[0070] (C) is smaller than the recess in the second layer (B) or has a smaller diameter, thus forming a smaller circle than the recess in the second layer (B). This allows for a shape-optimized sealing of pipe passages.

[0071] With regard to the design of the recess, it is therefore preferably provided that the recess for the first and third layers (A) and (C) has the same diameter, and that the recess for the first and third layers (A) and (C) has a smaller diameter than the recess for the second layer (B). In this respect, it is correspondingly also preferred that the first and third layers (A) and (C) have edge regions that are flush with one another in the region of the recess, i.e. in other words, the first and third layers (A) and (C) have a common (terminal) edge for the recess, while the second layer (B) comprises or forms a comparatively larger recess with its own edge region or its own (terminal) edge for the saving.

[0072] Good results are obtained in this context when the recess of the first and third layers (A) and (C) has a diameter that is at least 2.5% smaller, in particular at least 5% smaller, preferably at least 7.5% smaller than the recess of the second layer (B). In these ranges, optimal results are obtained for the size of the resulting overhang or overlap area with respect to the application properties of the sealing sleeve according to the invention.

[0073] Preferably, the first layer (A) and the third layer (C), in particular the edge regions of the first layer (A) and the third layer (C), are at least substantially flush with one another in the region of the recess, as already mentioned above. In this way, an optimized interaction of the first and third layers (A) and (C) can be achieved with regard to the protective effect of the first layer (A) and the sealing performance of the layers as a whole.

[0074] As has also already been indicated, it is also preferable within the scope of the present invention that the side of the third layer (C) facing the second layer (B) is partially exposed in the region of the cutout and / or forms an exposed overlap section of the layer (C), in particular adjoining the edge region of the third layer (C), and / or that the layer (C) is not covered by the third layer (B) in the region of the cutout and / or in an overlap section of the layer (C), in particular adjoining the edge region of the layer (C). In other words, it is therefore preferably provided that the second layer (C) is partially exposed, in particular in the resulting overlap section of the layer (C), or is not covered by the third layer (B). In this way, the third layer (C), in particular in the region of the overhang orOverlap area, in the application act ideally and directly sealing against a pipe or a pipe passage in a wall, in that the third layer (C) can lie directly against the pipe within the projection or overlap area. In particular, the watertight or water-impermeable properties of the third layer (C) can thus be immediately apparent and used advantageously. In addition, it is also advantageous that the extensible and elastic properties of the first and third layers (A) and (C) are particularly evident in the projection or overlap area, especially since there is no restrictive effect in this regard from the second layer (B). In this respect, the overlap area can also be regarded as an expansion area. As such, the overlap area is particularly relevant for the sealing effect to be achieved for a pipe passage oran installation opening by realizing the sealing effect of the third layer (C) against a pipe.

[0075] Furthermore, with regard to the layered structure of the sealing element according to the invention, it has proven advantageous within the scope of the present invention for the sealing element to comprise, and in particular consist of, a three-layer structure. This achieves a material-efficient and equally effective design of the sealing element according to the invention.

[0076] As for the individual layers, it is preferably provided that the first layer (A) comprises a stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven fabric, in particular, that it is designed as a stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven layer. It is therefore preferably the case that the first layer (A), in conjunction with the third layer (C), comprises an elastic or stretchable configuration and can be arranged in a correspondingly flexible and, at the same time, precisely fitting manner on different pipes or pipes with different diameters, so that the third layer (C), both in its initial form and during use, is comprehensively protected by the first layer (A) from external mechanical influences.

[0077] It is advantageous if the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, has an extensibility in the transverse direction of at least 70%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 100%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the non-stretched state, measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018).

[0078] It has also proven to be advantageous if the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, has an extensibility in the longitudinal direction of at least 70%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 100%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the non-stretched state, measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018).

[0079] The extensibility of the extensible and / or elastic first layer (A) is therefore preferably similar in the longitudinal and transverse directions, so that layers or nonwovens are advantageously provided which are extensible evenly or symmetrically in the longitudinal and transverse directions and which, within the scope of the present invention, also have advantageous application properties, in particular for the application step in which the sealing element according to the invention is slipped over a pipe. Similar extensibility in the longitudinal and transverse directions allows, in particular, uncomplicated and reliable application of the sealing element. Alternatively, the extensibility can also be designed asymmetrically, i.e. the nonwoven can have different extensities in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Preferably, however, the extensibility is within a similar range.

[0080] Furthermore, good results are obtained within the scope of the invention if the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, comprises, in particular consists of, a material selected from the group of polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene and mixtures thereof, in particular polypropylene.

[0081] In addition, it has proven useful if the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, is mechanically consolidated, in particular water jet and / or needle-bonded, preferably water jet-bonded.

[0082] Nonwovens with the aforementioned material properties have, within the scope of the present invention, particularly suitable application properties for use in or as the first layer (A) of sealing elements according to the invention and provide sealing elements that are overall durable and resilient and, at the same time, flexible and versatile.

[0083] With regard to the further second layer (B), it has generally proven useful if the second layer (B) comprises a nonwoven, in particular is designed as a nonwoven layer. It is preferably provided that the second layer (B) comprises a strong and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, in particular is designed as a strong and / or non-stretchable nonwoven layer. Generally speaking, or within the scope of a less preferred embodiment of the invention, it is nevertheless also possible for the second layer (B) to comprise an extensible and / or elastic nonwoven, in particular is designed as an extensible and / or elastic nonwoven layer. In this respect, there is advantageously a comparatively high degree of flexibility within the scope of the present invention with regard to the design of the second layer (B).

[0084] Good results are obtained according to the invention if the second layer (B), in particular the solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, has an extensibility in the transverse direction of at most 35%, in particular at most 20%, preferably at most 15%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the unstretched state, measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018)

[0085] It has also proven useful if the second layer (B), in particular the solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, has an extensibility in the longitudinal direction of at most 35%, in particular at most 20%, preferably at most 15%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular the nonwoven, in the non-stretched state, measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018).

[0086] In addition, good results are obtained when the second layer (B), in particular the solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, comprises, in particular consists of, a material selected from the group of polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene and mixtures thereof, in particular polypropylene.

[0087] Furthermore, it is preferred if the second layer (B), in particular the strong and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, is mechanically bonded, in particular water-jet and / or needle-punched, preferably water-jet bonded. It is advantageous to use nonwovens with comparatively long fibers or so-called continuous fibers for the second layer (B), or for the second layer (B) to comprise a nonwoven made of long fibers or continuous fibers. In this way, particularly suitable strength values ​​can be achieved for nonwovens of the second layer (B).

[0088] Nonwovens for second layers (B) with the aforementioned material properties have particularly suitable application properties within the scope of the present invention. Corresponding nonwovens impart advantageous strength, resistance, and robustness to the sealing element according to the invention, which advantageously contributes to the durability and resilience of sealing elements according to the invention. It is particularly preferred within the scope of the present invention if the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, and the second layer (B), in particular the rigid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, are differently consolidated, in particular consolidated with different mechanical action, preferably such that different extensibility of the layers results.In this way, the different, respectively advantageous stretching capacities of the first and second layers (A) and (B) are reliably adjusted in a simple, efficient and safely controllable manner.

[0089] For the third layer (C), which comprises a waterproof, elastic plastic, it has proven advantageous according to the invention if the waterproof, elastic plastic is selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetates, polyurethanes, rubbers, and mixtures thereof, in particular ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane, alkene-based synthetic rubbers, and mixtures thereof, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and in particular consists of the latter. The aforementioned plastics exhibit ideal sealing properties when used as layers in sealing elements according to the invention and are nevertheless characterized by advantageous application properties and elasticities suitable for the invention.

[0090] Good results are obtained when the third layer (C) is formed as a film or is introduced in liquid form between the first and second layers (A) and (B) with subsequent crosslinking and / or curing and / or is applied to the first layer (A). The present invention thus advantageously offers flexible options for the design of the third layer (C).

[0091] According to the invention, it has proven particularly advantageous with regard to the application properties of the sealing element if the third layer (C), in particular the waterproof, elastic plastic, has an elongation at break of at least 300%, in particular at least 450%, preferably at least 600%, measured according to DIN EN ISO 527 as of 2019. Such elasticity values ​​enable, on the one hand, flexible application for different pipe diameters and, on the other hand, guarantee effective sealing behavior for the sealing element according to the invention. In particular, third layers (C) based on the aforementioned plastics with the aforementioned elastic properties permanently fit tightly against a pipe without significant fatigue phenomena of the material of the layer or the sealing element as a whole being observed.

[0092] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous according to the invention if the first layer (A) and the third layer (C) together have an average maximum extensibility in a range from 1 mm to 100 mm, in particular 5 mm to 50 mm, preferably 10 mm to 40 mm, measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527 as of 2019. Advantageously, the sealing element according to the invention can therefore be stretched in such a way that it can be attached or arranged comparatively easily to a pipe passage or, in particular, to pipes with different diameters.

[0093] The advantageous extensibility of the sealing element is based in particular on the first and third layers (A) and (C) and is particularly advantageous in the area of ​​the projection or overlap region of the sealing element according to the invention. The projection or overlap region can in this respect also be understood as an expansion region. As such, the projection or overlap region is advantageously characterized in that it is continuous or without interruptions. Furthermore, the projection or overlap region is advantageously designed in the form of a ring, in particular surrounding or circumferentially surrounding the recess. In the application case, i.e. when sealing a pipe passage in a wall, the sealing element rests against a pipe to be sealed, in particular in the area of ​​the projection or overlap region.The sealing effect of the sealing element according to the invention is preferably achieved in particular starting from the projection or expansion region, which results from the described layer arrangement of layers (A), (B) and (C) as well as the material properties of the first and third layers (A) and (C). When arranged on the pipe of the pipe passage, the elastic material properties of the third layer (C) advantageously emerge, which ensure that the sealing element, in particular based on the first and third layers (A) and (C), fits tightly and, above all, sealingly against the pipe. Thus, with uncomplicated and efficient handling of the sealing element according to the invention, within the framework of an arrangement or design that is inexpensive to manufacture, a highly efficient, secure, and durable sealing of pipe passages or installation openings can be achieved.In this sense, it has proven useful according to the invention if, in the application, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, the first layer (A) faces away from the wall, in particular is designed as a closing and / or outer layer of the sealing element facing away from the wall. As such, the first layer (A) particularly advantageously contributes to protecting the third layer (C) against external mechanical influences, for example from tools, which would in particular impair the sealing performance of the sealing element according to the invention. It is particularly advantageous that the first layer (A) is also provided in the region of the pipe to be sealed and here preferably completely covers the third layer (C), which thus ensures good protection against mechanical damage in particular also in the exposed region of the pipe to be sealed, i.e. in the protrusion or overlap region of the sealing element.

[0094] According to the invention, it is therefore preferably provided that in the application case, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, the first layer (A), designed as the final and / or outer layer of the sealing element, covers the third layer (C), in particular at least substantially completely. This applies in particular to the projection or overlap region of the sealing element according to the invention, and is also preferably provided for the sealing element according to the invention as a whole. In this sense, the first layer (A) can advantageously also be understood as a covering or protective layer of the third layer (C), which is protected from mechanical as well as thermal or chemical influences by the first layer (A). This advantageously increases the functional stability and the probability of mechanical integrity for the third layer (C).

[0095] Within the scope of an advantageous development of the sealing element according to the invention, it has also proven useful if the first layer (A), which is designed as the final and / or outer layer of the sealing element in the application, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, has a print or an imprint, in particular on the side of the first layer (A) facing outwards or away from the third layer (C). The print or imprint is preferably designed in such a way that it identifies the protrusion or overlap area of ​​the sealing element. For example, the contour of the edge area of ​​the second layer (B) can be used for this purpose. In this case, the print would approximately correspond to a circle that traces the edge area of ​​the second layer (B). However, other designs of the print or imprint are also possible.the printing is conceivable, for example a colour highlighting of the area on the side of the first layer (A) facing outwards or away from the third layer (C), which corresponds to the overhang or overlap area.

[0096] Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that in the application, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, the second layer (B) faces the wall, in particular is designed as a closing and / or outer layer of the sealing element facing the wall. The second layer (B) therefore advantageously connects the sealing element to a wall, while the third layer (C), together with the first layer (A), essentially seals the pipe passage and delimits the sealing element and thus, consequently, also the pipe passage to the outside. The second layer (B) advantageously also serves, in particular, as a structural component of the sealing element according to the invention.

[0097] Due to its composition, the first layer (A) also advantageously ensures an optimal structural bond between the sealing element and the tile surface. The nonwovens used in the first and second layers (A) and (B) are particularly advantageous due to their optimal adhesion to cementitious adhesives, which are standard for applying tile surfaces.

[0098] Overall, within the scope of the present invention, it is therefore particularly preferred if, in the application, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, the first and third layers (A) and (C), in particular via the third layer (C), are designed to lie adjacent to a pipe leading into the wall, in particular to form a watertight and / or airtight seal. Preferably, the first and third layers (A) and (C), in the region of the projection or overlap area, in particular via the third layer (C), are designed to lie adjacent to a pipe leading into the wall, in particular to form a watertight and / or airtight seal. This enables efficient, user-friendly and effective sealing of pipe passages that is suitable for different pipe diameters, in particular in compliance with the corresponding DIN standards.Since the third layer (C) is completely covered by the first layer (A), a robust design of a sealing element is provided that is insensitive to mechanical influences and thus safe to use.

[0099] For the sealing effect of the sealing element according to the invention, it has accordingly proven particularly effective if, in the application, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, the spacing of the edge regions of the first and third layers (A) and (C) from the center of the recess, in particular the diameter of the recess for the first and third layers (A) and (C), is smaller than the outer radius, in particular the outer diameter, of the pipe entering the wall. This allows the first and third layers (A) and (C) to fit particularly tightly against a pipe in a pipe passage in a wall, in particular in the overlap or expansion region, so that a particularly high sealing performance can be achieved.

[0100] Likewise, it is preferably provided that in the application, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, the spacing of the edge region of the second layer (B) from the center of the recess, in particular the diameter of the recess for the second layer (B), is in particular at least substantially the same size as the outer radius, in particular the outer diameter, of the pipe extending into the wall. This advantageously allows for a perfectly fitting connection to a wall around the pipe passage, as well as a robust seal. Furthermore, an ideal orientation of the sealing element around a pipe is advantageously ensured.

[0101] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous for the second layer (B) to comprise an adhesive and / or adhesion promoter layer, in particular wherein the adhesive and / or adhesion promoter layer may additionally comprise a removable protective layer. This advantageously contributes to uncomplicated and efficient handling and processing of the sealing element.

[0102] Good results are also obtained according to the invention if the sealing element has a circular or rectangular, in particular square, basic shape or if the sealing element is circular or rectangular, in particular square. This advantageously allows for flexible adaptation to different design environments. Furthermore, according to the invention, the sealing element preferably has a flat, in particular at least substantially two-dimensional, configuration in its initial state. This facilitates, in particular, the manufacture, transport, and storage of the sealing element.

[0103] A further subject of the present invention - according to a second aspect of the present invention - is a method for producing a sealing element having a planar configuration and comprising a multi-layer structure, wherein the sealing element comprises a first layer (A), a second layer (B) and, arranged between the layers (A) and (B), at least one layer (C) comprising a waterproof, elastic plastic, wherein

[0104] (a) in a first step (a) the first layer (A) and the layer (C) are provided and bonded to one another, or a precursor of the layer (C) is applied to the layer (A) and allowed to cure and / or crosslink to form the layer (C) and bond to the layer (A), wherein, upon provision of the layers (A, B, C), the first layer (A) has a first recess, the second layer (B) has a second recess, and the third layer (C) has a third recess, and / or wherein the first recess, the second recess, and the third recess are introduced into the bonded layers, so that the sealing element (1) has at least one recess (2) extending through the first recess, the second recess, and the third recess,

[0105] (b) in a step (b) following the first step (a), the second layer (B) is applied to the layer (C) and the layers are bonded to one another, wherein the layer (A) and the layer (C) are and / or become stretchable and / or elastic, and wherein the layers (A), (B) and (C) are arranged in the process steps (a) and (b) such that the second recess encloses and / or surrounds the first recess and the third recess, wherein the third recess is arranged in alignment with the first recess and / or encloses and / or surrounds the first recess, wherein edge regions (4A, 4C) of the first recess and the third recess extend into the region of the second recess and / or protrude and / or project beyond an edge region (4B) of the second recess.

[0106] A precursor, in particular of layer (C) or the plastic of layer (C), is understood in the context of the present invention to be a starting material or precursor substance that reacts and, in particular, cures to form the plastic of layer (C) as a result of a chemical reaction, in the context of the present invention, in particular crosslinking or, alternatively, condensation. Such crosslinking can be achieved, for example, by suitable chemical initiators or by thermal or photochemical action.

[0107] The method according to the invention is advantageously characterized by a high degree of flexibility in the production of sealing elements and is also uncomplicated and therefore user-friendly to carry out.

[0108] According to the invention, it has proven advantageous if the layers (A) and (C) are bonded together by thermal treatment, rolling, calendering, pressing or a combination thereof.

[0109] It is also preferred if the layers (C) and (B) are bonded together by thermal treatment, rolling, calendering, pressing or a combination thereof.

[0110] With regard to the recess, it is also preferably provided that the recess in the layers and / or the first, second and / or third recess is produced by punching, cutting, lasering or a combination thereof.

[0111] For further details on this aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above statements on the sealing element according to the invention, which apply accordingly to the method according to the invention.

[0112] The subject of the present invention - according to a third aspect of the present invention - is a sealing element, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, having a planar design and comprising a multi-layer structure, wherein the sealing element comprises a first layer (A), a second layer (B) and at least one layer (C) arranged between the layers (A) and (B) and comprising a waterproof, elastic plastic, and wherein the sealing element has at least one recess extending through the layers (A), (B) and (C), wherein the layer (A) and the layer (C) are designed to be stretchable and / or elastic, and wherein the recess has a single center point with respect to the layers (A), (B) and (C), wherein edge regions of the layers (A) and (C) resulting in the region of the recess are equally spaced from the center point of the recess,and wherein the edge regions of the layers (A) and (C) are spaced from the center of the recess at a smaller distance than the edge region of the layer (B).

[0113] According to the invention, it is therefore particularly provided that layers (A) and (C) have a smaller recess than layer (B), or in other words, that layer (B) has a larger recess than layer (A) and layer (C), while layer (A) and layer (C) comprise a recess of the same size. In particular, the recess is arranged concentrically for layers (A), (B), and (C) with respect to the individual layers (A), (B), and (C) and the resulting center point for the recess.

[0114] For further details on this aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above statements on the further aspects of the invention, which apply accordingly to the further and / or alternative embodiment of the sealing element according to the invention.

[0115] In particular, in the third aspect of the present invention, which particularly relates to a further alternative embodiment of the sealing element, it is provided that features which have been described in connection with the first aspect of the present invention, preferably features of the design of the sealing element according to the invention according to the first aspect of the present invention, can apply in the same way to the sealing element according to the invention according to the third aspect of the present invention, without this requiring further explanation.

[0116] Furthermore, the statements regarding the third aspect of the invention can equally apply to the first and second aspects of the present invention without the need for further explanation. A further subject matter of the present invention - according to a fourth aspect of the present invention - is a method for producing a sealing element having a planar configuration and comprising a multi-layer structure, wherein the sealing element comprises a first layer (A), a second layer (B) and, arranged between the layers (A) and (B), at least one layer (C) comprising a waterproof, elastic plastic, wherein

[0117] (a) in a first step (a) the first layer (A) and the layer (C) are provided and bonded together, or a precursor of the layer (C) is applied to the layer (A) and allowed to cure and / or crosslink to form the layer (C) and bond to the layer (A), wherein the layer(s) have a recess upon provision and / or a recess is introduced into the bonded layers,

[0118] (b) in a step (b) following the first step (a), the second layer (B) is applied to the layer (C) and the layers are bonded to one another, the layer having a recess upon provision, the layer (A) and the layer (C) being and / or becoming stretchable and / or elastic, and the layers (A), (B) and (C) being arranged in the process steps (a) and (b) such that the recess has a single center point relative to the layers (A), (B) and (C), edge regions of the layers (A) and (C) resulting in the region of the recess being equally spaced from the center point of the recess, and the edge regions of the layers (A) and (C) being spaced less from the center point of the recess than the edge region of the layer (B).

[0119] A precursor, in particular of the third layer (C) or of the plastic of layer (C), is understood in the context of the present invention to be a starting material or precursor material which, as a result of a chemical reaction, in the context of the present invention in particular crosslinking or alternatively also condensation, reacts and in particular cures to form the plastic of the third layer (C). Such crosslinking can be brought about, for example, by suitable chemical initiators or also thermal or photochemical action. The process according to the invention is advantageously characterized by a high degree of flexibility in the production of sealing elements and is, moreover, uncomplicated and therefore user-friendly to carry out.

[0120] According to the invention, it has proven advantageous if the first and third layers (A) and (C) are bonded together by thermal treatment, rolling, calendering, pressing or a combination thereof.

[0121] It is also preferred if the first and third layers (C) and (B) are bonded together by thermal treatment, rolling, calendering, pressing or a combination thereof.

[0122] With regard to the recess, it is also preferably provided that the recess in the layers is created by punching, cutting, lasering or a combination of these.

[0123] For further details on this aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above statements on the sealing element according to the invention, which apply accordingly to the method according to the invention.

[0124] A further object of the present invention - according to a fifth aspect of the present invention - is the use of a sealing element according to the present invention and / or according to one of the aforementioned embodiments for sealing pipe passages in walls.

[0125] For further details on this aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above statements on the other aspects of the invention, which apply accordingly to the use according to the invention.

[0126] The figure representations show

[0127] Fig. 1: a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a sealing element according to the invention in plan view;

[0128] Fig. 2: a perspective view of a sealing element according to the invention in the bottom view;

[0129] Fig. 3: a cross-sectional view of a sealing element according to the invention; Fig. 4: a perspective view of an application of the sealing element according to the invention for sealing a pipe passage;

[0130] Fig. 5: a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of a sealing element according to the invention in plan view;

[0131] Fig. 6: a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of a sealing element according to the invention in plan view;

[0132] Fig. 7: a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of a sealing element according to the invention in the form of a double sealing sleeve in plan view;

[0133] Fig. 8: a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of a sealing element according to the invention in the form of a double sealing sleeve in plan view.

[0134] The subject matter of the present invention is described and clarified in more detail below by means of the figures based on preferred embodiments in a non-limiting manner.

[0135] Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a sealing element 1 according to the invention in plan view. The sealing element 1 has a flat design and comprises a three-layer structure consisting of layers (A), (B) and (C). Layer (C) is arranged between layers (A) and (B) and comprises a waterproof, elastic plastic. Layer (C) can therefore also be regarded as a sealingly effective, since waterproof, functional layer of the sealing element 1, while layers (A) and (B) can be regarded as protective and / or carrier layers in that they delimit layer (C) to the outside and thus protect it in particular from damaging mechanical influences. Since layer (A) and layer (C) are both stretchable and elastic, layer (A) can also serve in particular toWhen sealing a pipe passage in a wall, it acts as a protective layer for layer (C), particularly in the overlap or expansion area of ​​the sealing element, which in the application case is adjacent to the pipe. The adequate protection of this exposed area of ​​layer (C), which also stresses the material, by layer (A) underscores the advantageous embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, the sealing element 1 has a recess 2 extending through layers (A), (B), and (C).

[0136] The recess is limited by edge areas 4A, 4B and 4C.

[0137] In addition, the edge regions 4A, 4C of layer (A) and layer (C) in the region of the recess 2 are also at least substantially flush with one another, i.e., in other words, layers (A) and (C) have a common (terminal) edge to the recess. Layer (B) comprises a comparatively larger recess with its own edge region.

[0138] Fig. 2 shows that the first layer (A) has a first recess and an edge region 4A of the first layer (A) delimiting the first recess, the second layer (B) has a second recess and an edge region 4B of the second layer (B) delimiting the second recess, and the third layer (C) has a third recess and an edge region 4C of the third layer (C) delimiting the third recess.

[0139] In this context, Fig. 2 further shows that the sealing element 1 has a recess 2 extending through the first, second, and third recesses. The recess 2 and the recesses of layers (A), (B), and (C) can be formed as openings.

[0140] Fig. 2 shows that the second recess encloses and / or surrounds the first recess and the third recess.

[0141] Fig. 3 schematically shows that the third recess is arranged in alignment with the first recess. In the exemplary embodiments illustrated in Fig. 3, the first and third recesses have at least substantially the same geometric dimensions and can be considered structurally identical with regard to their assumed shape.

[0142] In further embodiments not shown in detail, it is provided that the third recess encloses and / or surrounds the first recess. In this embodiment, it can be provided that the third recess is larger than the first recess or that the diameter, in particular the maximum diameter, of the third recess exceeds the diameter, in particular the maximum diameter, of the first recess.

[0143] Furthermore, Fig. 3 shows that edge regions 4A, 4C of the first recess and the third recess extend into the region of the second recess and / or protrude and / or project beyond an edge region 4B of the second recess.

[0144] Fig. 3 shows, as already explained, that the first recess is at least substantially identical in construction and / or of the same size as the third recess and, in particular, is arranged directly above the third recess. In this way, the first recess can be arranged in alignment with the third recess. Furthermore, this configuration of the first and third recesses preferably allows the first and third recesses to be arranged coaxially and / or concentrically with each other with their respective cross sections.

[0145] The structure of the sealing element 1 shown in Fig. 2 requires that the centers of the first, second, and third recesses are arranged on a straight line, in particular on a straight line intersecting a sealing plane formed by an outer surface of the first layer facing away from the third layer and arranged orthogonally to the sealing plane. The aforementioned arrangement of the straight line results in the flat or extended state of the sealing element 1, as shown in Fig. 2.

[0146] In the construction of the sealing element 1 shown in Fig. 2, it is further provided that the first recess, the second recess and the third recess are arranged coaxially, in particular to one another, and the cross sections of the first recess, the second recess and the third recess are arranged concentrically, in particular to one another.

[0147] Furthermore, for the preferred embodiment of the sealing element according to the invention as shown in Fig. 1, it is provided that the recesses (first, second and third recesses) are preferably at least substantially round, preferably circular and / or circular, when viewed in cross-section (in particular around the center point 3 of the recess 2). In this respect, it is also provided that the edge regions 4A, 4C and 4B, in particular with respect to the center point 2 of the recess 3, are arranged concentrically (in cross-section) around the center point 3 of the recess 2. Furthermore, the recesses for layers (A) and (C) have the same diameter, and that the recesses (first and third recesses) for layers (A) and (C) have a smaller diameter than the second recess for layer (B).

[0148] It is not shown in more detail that in further embodiments the first recess, the second recess and / or the third recess is / are elliptical and / or rectangular in cross section.

[0149] The design of the recesses can be adapted to the shape of the pipe passage, as shown schematically in Fig. 4.

[0150] It is advantageous that the first and third recesses of the layers (A) and (C) have a diameter that is at least 2.5% smaller, in particular at least 5% smaller, preferably at least 7.5% smaller, than the second recess of the layer (B).

[0151] In other words, it can be provided that the, in particular maximum, diameter of the first recess and / or the third recess corresponds to at most 95%, preferably between 50% and 95%, more preferably between 60% and 90%, of the, in particular maximum, diameter of the second recess.

[0152] As a result, the side of layer (C) facing layer (B) is partially exposed in the region of the recess 2 or forms an exposed overhang or overlap region 5, in particular adjacent to the edge region 4C. The overlap region can also be regarded as an expansion region, in particular in the application of the sealing element 1 according to the invention.

[0153] In other words, the layer (C) is not covered by the layer (B) in the region of the recess 2 in some areas and / or in a projection or overlapping area 5, in particular adjoining the edge area 4C of the layer (C).

[0154] In other words, it can be provided that the first and the third layer (A, C) each protrude and / or protrude with an overlapping section relative to the edge region (4B) of the second recess, wherein the overlapping sections of the first and third layer (A, C) form a common overlapping region 5, in particular wherein the overlapping region 5 is formed continuously and / or without interruptions.

[0155] This has the advantage that layer (C) in the area of ​​the projection or overlap region 5 can lie directly against a pipe to be sealed, which positively influences the sealing performance of the sealing element insofar as a direct action of layer (C) and thus an immediate sealing effect is achieved. The extensible and elastic properties of layers (A) and (C) are particularly advantageous in the overlap region 5, in particular whereby this region is also relevant for the sealing effect to be achieved for a pipe passage or an installation opening, in that the sealing effect against a pipe is realized here. This can be seen in particular with reference to the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, which corresponds to Fig. 1.

[0156] Not shown in detail is that in further preferred embodiments, the overlapping sections of the first and third layers (A, C) are arranged at least substantially one above the other and preferably directly abut one another and, more preferably, are firmly connected to one another, in particular by a material bond. In this way, a solid, inseparable bond of the overlapping region 5 can be achieved, thereby improving the sealing function.

[0157] Furthermore, Fig. 2 shows that the second recess with its edge region 4B completely encloses and / or surrounds the first recess and third recess and / or the edge region 4A of the first recess and the edge region 4C of the third recess.

[0158] For a preferred, but not shown, further development of the sealing element 1, it has proven useful if the first layer (A), designed as the final and / or outer layer of the sealing element 1, has a print or imprint, in particular on the side of layer (A) facing outwards or away from layer (C). The print or imprint is preferably designed such that it identifies the overlap region 5 of the sealing element. For example, the contour of the edge region 4B of layer (B) can be used for this purpose. Designs are also conceivable which provide for a colored highlighting of the area on the side of layer (A) facing outwards or away from layer (C), which corresponds to the overlap region 5.

[0159] Furthermore, with regard to the layers of the sealing element 1 according to Figs. 1 to 3, the first layer (A) preferably comprises a stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven or is in particular designed as a stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven layer. Preferably, the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, has a transverse extensibility of at least 70%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 100%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular the nonwoven, in the unstretched state, measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018).Equally preferably, the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, has a longitudinal extensibility of at least 70%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 100%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the unstretched state, measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018). The first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, also preferably comprises or consists in particular of a material selected from the group consisting of polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene and mixtures thereof, in particular polypropylene. Further advantageously, the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, can be mechanically consolidated, in particular water jet and / or needle-punched, preferably water jet-punched.Nonwovens with the aforementioned material properties have, within the scope of the present invention, particularly suitable application properties for use in or as layer (A) of sealing elements according to the invention and provide sealing elements that are overall durable and resilient and, at the same time, flexible and versatile.

[0160] Layer (B) preferably comprises a rigid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven fabric and is in particular formed as a rigid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven layer. The second layer (B), in particular the rigid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven fabric, preferably has a transverse extensibility of at most 35%, in particular at most 20%, preferably at most 15%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular the nonwoven fabric, in the unstretched state, measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018). Equally preferably, the second layer (B), in particular the solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, has an extensibility in the longitudinal direction of at most 35%, in particular at most 20%, preferably at most 15%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the non-stretched state, measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018).Further advantageously, the second layer (B), in particular the strong and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, can comprise, in particular consist of, a material selected from the group consisting of polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene and mixtures thereof, in particular polypropylene. Furthermore, it is preferred if the second layer (B), in particular the strong and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, is mechanically consolidated, in particular water jet and / or needle-punched, preferably water jet-punched. Nonwovens for layers (B) with the aforementioned material properties have particularly suitable application properties within the scope of the present invention. Corresponding nonwovens impart to the sealing element according to the invention advantageous strength, resistance, and robustness, which advantageously contributes to the durability and resilience of sealing elements according to the invention.

[0161] Advantageously, the sealing element 1 according to the invention according to Figs. 1 to 3 is such that the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, and the second layer (B), in particular the solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, are differently consolidated, in particular are consolidated with different mechanical action, preferably such that different extensibility of the layers results.

[0162] For layer (C), which comprises the waterproof, elastic plastic, this is preferably selected from the group of vinyl acetates, polyurethanes, rubbers and mixtures thereof, in particular ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane, alkene-based synthetic rubbers and mixtures thereof, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, in particular consisting thereof. Layer (C) can be in the form of a film or can be introduced in liquid form with subsequent crosslinking and / or curing between layers (A) and (B) and / or applied to layer (A). Layer (C), in particular the waterproof, elastic plastic, advantageously also has an elongation at break of at least 300%, in particular at least 450%, preferably at least 600%, measured according to DIN EN ISO 527 as of 2019.Such elasticity values, on the one hand, enable flexible application for different pipe diameters and, on the other hand, guarantee effective sealing behavior for the sealing element according to the invention. In particular, layers (C) based on the aforementioned plastics with the aforementioned elastic properties permanently adhere tightly to a pipe without significant fatigue phenomena being observed in the material of the layer or the sealing element as a whole.

[0163] Preferably, layer (A) and layer (C) together also have an average maximum extensibility in a range from 1 mm to 100 mm, in particular 5 mm to 50 mm, preferably 10 mm to 40 mm, measured based on DIN EN ISO 527 as of 2019. Advantageously, the sealing element according to the invention, in particular in the overlap region 5, can therefore be stretched so that it can be attached to a pipe passage or, in particular, pipes with different diameters in a comparatively uncomplicated manner. When arranged on the pipe of the pipe passage, the elastic material properties of layer (C) then advantageously emerge, which advantageously ensure that the sealing element, in particular based on layers (A) and (C), fits snugly and, above all, sealingly against the pipe. This is also illustrated in Fig. 4, which shows an application of the sealing element 1 according to the invention.

[0164] For the preferred embodiment of the present invention according to Fig. 4, an application of the sealing element 1 for sealing pipe passages in walls 7 is shown. The layer (A) faces away from the wall 7 and is designed as a closing and / or outer layer of the sealing element facing away from the wall 7. The layer (C) is in particular at least substantially completely covered by the layer (A). This advantageously ensures that the layer (C) is protected against external mechanical influences, for example from tools. The layer (B) consequently faces the wall 7 and is designed as a closing and / or outer layer of the sealing element 1 facing the wall 7.

[0165] The sealing element 1 is slipped over the pipe 6 and arranged on it by means of or in orientation with the shape of the recess 2. The layer (A) and the layer (C) lie against the pipe 6 to the extent of the overlap region 5. The edge regions 4A and 4C close off the sealing element 1 along the pipe circumference. The recess 2 for the layers (A) and (C) is therefore smaller than the diameter of the pipe 6 with respect to the diameter of the recess. In other words, it is provided that the spacing of the edge regions 4A, 4C of the layers (A) and (C) from the center point 3 of the recess 2, in particular the diameter of the recess 2 for the layers (A) and (C), is smaller than the outer radius, in particular the outer diameter, of the pipe 6 extending into the wall. This makes it possible to ensure that the layers (A) and (C) are sealed against the pipe 6 in the overlap area 5.

[0166] The layer (B) lies at least substantially against the pipe 6 via the edge region 4B. The sealing element 1 is therefore configured such that the spacing of the edge region 4B of the layer (B) from the center point 3 of the recess 2, in particular the diameter of the recess 2 for the layer (B), is at least substantially the same size as the outer radius, in particular the outer diameter, of the pipe 6 extending into the wall. In this case, the edge region 4B can lie directly against the pipe circumference. However, it is also entirely acceptable if there is a small distance of a few millimeters between the pipe circumference and the edge region 4B. The pipe 6 accordingly fills the recess 2 for the layer (B), in particular at least substantially completely.

[0167] Layer (A), designed as the final and / or outer layer of the sealing element 1, advantageously covers layer (C), in particular at least substantially completely, so that layer (A) can advantageously also be regarded as a covering or protective layer of layer (C), which protects layer (C) from mechanical, thermal, or chemical influences. Particularly in the overlap region 5, layer (C) is continuously covered by layer (A), and there are no material interruptions in layer (A) that would expose layer (C) in certain areas.

[0168] Layer (B), which faces the wall 7 and is also to be understood as the final and / or outer layer of the sealing element 1, advantageously ensures the connection of the sealing element 1 to the wall 7. Layer (B) also advantageously serves as a structural component of the sealing element 1 according to the invention. In contrast, layer (C), together with layer (A), particularly in the region of the overlap area 5, significantly seals the pipe passage 6 and delimits the sealing element and thus, consequently, also the pipe passage 6 to the outside. Layers (A) and (C), particularly via layer (C), are advantageously designed to form a watertight and / or airtight seal.The above-described configuration of the sealing element 1 according to the invention advantageously enables efficient, user-friendly, and effective sealing of pipe passages, particularly in compliance with the relevant DIN standards. Since layer (C) is completely covered by layer (A), a robust and mechanically resistant, and thus application-safe, design of a sealing element 1 is simultaneously provided.

[0169] It has also proven advantageous for layer (B) to comprise an adhesive and / or bonding layer, in particular, wherein the adhesive and / or bonding layer can additionally comprise a removable protective layer. This allows for uncomplicated and efficient processing of the sealing element, and the sealing element can be permanently bonded to the wall 7. The wall 7, with the sealing element 1 arranged thereon and around a pipe passage, can then be plastered or coated with an adhesive coating in preparation for the application of a ceramic wall covering.

[0170] The sealing element 1 according to the invention, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, preferably has a rectangular or, in particular, square or even round basic shape. As for the design of the sealing element 1 according to the preceding figures, the embodiment in Figs. 5 and 6 also provides that the layers (A), (B), and (C) are arranged and formed in such a way that a projection or overlap region 5 results, with which the sealing element rests against a pipe 6 in the application, thus achieving a sealing effect.

[0171] As shown in Fig. 5, it is possible that layer (C) is smaller overall than layers (A) and (B), resulting in regions, particularly those remote from the recess 2, in which layers (A) and (B) directly adjoin one another. However, it is always the case that in the region of the recess 2 or in the projection or overlap region 5 as well as in regions of the sealing element 1 close to the recess 2, the sealing element comprises a layer (C) in addition to layers (A) and (B).

[0172] 7 and 8 also show a preferred embodiment of the sealing element according to the invention in the form of a so-called double sealing sleeve. For these sealing elements 1, it is provided that the sealing element 1 comprises two recesses 2. The two recesses 2 are arranged on a horizontal line 8 through the center point 9 of the sealing element 1 with respect to the center point 3 of the recesses. Furthermore, the two recesses 2 are arranged on the horizontal line 8 through the center point 9 of the sealing element 1 with respect to the center point 3 of the recesses 2 with respect to the horizontal line 8 through the center point 9 of the sealing element 1 such that two adjacent pipe passages in a wall 7 can be sealed. Exemplary distances are approximately in the range of 50 mm to 250 mm, in particular 100 mm to 150 mm.

[0173] Overall, for the preferred embodiments of the sealing element 1 according to the invention shown in the figures, it is provided that the sealing element 1 has a flat, in particular at least substantially two-dimensional, configuration in its initial state. This means that the sealing sleeve according to the invention is, in particular, at least substantially flat, with respect to a spatial extension in the z-direction or a height extension, or has only a small extension in the z-direction (height extension) compared to the extension in the x- and y-directions (length and width extension).

[0174] The invention can also relate to a sealing element 1, as shown schematically in Fig. 2. The sealing element 1 is intended for sealing pipe passages in walls and has a flat design and comprises a multi-layer structure. The sealing element 1 has a first layer (A), a second layer (B), and at least one layer (C) arranged between the layers (A) and (B), comprising a waterproof, elastic plastic. In addition, the sealing element 1 comprises at least one layer extending through the layers (A),

[0175] Recess 2 extending between (B) and (C), in particular such that layers (A), (B), and (C) each have a recess. Layer (A) and layer (C) are designed to be stretchable and / or elastic.

[0176] The recess 2 is arranged in relation to the layers (A), (B) and (C) in such a way that the recess has a single center point 3 for each of the three layers or the recess is located for each of the three layers (A), (B) and

[0177] (C) in a single center point.

[0178] The edge regions 4A and 4C of layers (A) and (C) resulting in the region of the recess 2 are equally spaced from the center point 3 of the recess 2. Accordingly, the edge regions 4A and 4C are spaced closer to the center point 3 of the recess 2 than the edge region 4B.

[0179] Further aspects of the present invention, which can be realized independently of one another and / or in combination with the aspects and features described above, are in particular:

[0180] 1. Sealing element (1), in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, having a flat design and comprising a multi-layer structure, wherein the sealing element (1) comprises a first layer (A), a second layer (B) and at least one layer (C) arranged between the layers (A) and (B), comprising a watertight, elastic plastic, and wherein the sealing element (1) has at least one recess (2) extending through the layers (A), (B) and (C), characterized in that the layer (A) and the layer (C) are extensible and / or elastic, and in that the recess (2), with respect to the layers (A), (B) and (C), has a single center point (3), wherein edge regions (4A, 4C) of the layers (A) and (C) resulting in the region of the recess (2) are equally spaced from the center point (3) of the recess (2), and wherein the edge regions (4A,4C) of the layers (A) and (C) have a smaller spacing from the center (3) of the recess (2) than the edge region (4B) of the layer (B).

[0181] 2. Sealing element according to aspect 1, characterized in that the edge regions of the layers (A) and (C) have a spacing from the center of the recess that is at least 5% smaller, in particular at least 10% smaller, preferably at least 15% smaller than the edge region of the layer (B).

[0182] 3. Sealing element according to aspect 1 or 2, characterized in that the layer (A) and the layer (C), in particular the edge regions of the layer (A) and the layer (C), in the region of the recess, in particular at least substantially flush with one another.

[0183] 4. Sealing element according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the side of the layer (C) facing the layer (B) is partially exposed in the region of the recess and / or forms an exposed overhang region, in particular adjoining the edge region of the layer (C), and / or that the layer (C) is not covered by the layer (B) in the region of the recess in some regions and / or in an overhang region, in particular adjoining the edge region of the layer (C).

[0184] 5. Sealing element according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the first layer (A) comprises a stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, in particular is designed as a stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven layer.

[0185] 6. Sealing element according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, has an extensibility in the transverse direction of at least 70%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 100%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the unstretched state, and / or that the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, has an extensibility in the longitudinal direction of at least 70%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 100%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the unstretched state, in each case measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018).

[0186] 7. Sealing element according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the second layer (B) comprises a solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, in particular is designed as a solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven layer.

[0187] 8. Sealing element according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the second layer (B), in particular the solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, has an extensibility in the transverse direction of at most 35%, in particular at most 20%, preferably at most 15%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the non-stretched state, and / or that the second layer (B), in particular the solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, has an extensibility in the longitudinal direction of at most 35%, in particular at most 20%, preferably at most 15%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the non-stretched state, in each case measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018).

[0188] 9. Sealing element according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the waterproof, elastic plastic is selected from the group of vinyl acetates, polyurethanes, rubbers and mixtures thereof, in particular ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane, alkene-based synthetic rubbers and mixtures thereof, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, in particular consists thereof.

[0189] 10. Sealing element according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the layer (C), in particular the waterproof, elastic plastic, has an elongation at break of at least 300%, in particular at least 450%, preferably at least 600%, measured according to DIN EN ISO 527 as of 2019.

[0190] 11. Sealing element according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that in the application case, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, the layer (A) faces away from the wall, in particular is designed as a closing and / or outer layer of the sealing element facing away from the wall.

[0191] 12. Sealing element according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that in the application case, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, the first layer (A) designed as a closing and / or outer layer of the sealing element covers the layer (C) in particular at least substantially completely.

[0192] 13. Sealing element according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that, in the application, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, the layers (A) and (C), in particular via the layer (C), in particular in the region of the projection area, are formed so as to bear against a pipe extending into the wall, in particular in a watertight and / or airtight manner. 14. Method for producing a sealing element having a planar configuration and comprising a multi-layer structure, wherein the sealing element comprises a first layer (A), a second layer (B) and, arranged between the layers (A) and (B), at least one layer (C) comprising a watertight, elastic plastic, wherein

[0193] (c) in a first step (a) the first layer (A) and the layer (C) are provided and bonded together, or a precursor of the layer (C) is applied to the layer (A) and allowed to cure and / or crosslink to form the layer (C) and bond with the layer (A), wherein the layer(s) have a recess upon provision and / or a recess is introduced into the bonded layers,

[0194] (d) in a step (b) following the first step (a), the second layer (B) is applied to the layer (C) and the layers are bonded to one another, the layer having a recess upon provision, characterized in that the layer (A) and the layer (C) are and / or become stretchable and / or elastic, and in that the layers (A), (B) and (C) are arranged in the process steps (a) and (b) such that the recess has a single center point with respect to the layers (A), (B) and (C), wherein edge regions of the layers (A) and (C) resulting in the region of the recess are equally spaced from the center point of the recess, and wherein the edge regions of the layers (A) and (C) are spaced less from the center point of the recess than the edge region of the layer (B).

[0195] 15. Use of a sealing element according to one of aspects 1 to 13 for sealing pipe passages in walls. List of reference symbols: Sealing element 6 Pipe Recess 7 Partially plastered wall Center of the recess 8 Horizontal line A Edge area of ​​layer (A) 9 Center of the sealing element B Edge area of ​​layer (B) *A* Layer (A) C Edge area of ​​layer (C) *B* Layer (B) Overhang or overlap area *C* Layer (C)

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Sealing element (1), in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, having a flat design and comprising a multi-layer structure, wherein the sealing element (1) comprises a first layer (A), a second layer (B) and at least one third layer (C) arranged between the layers (A) and (B), comprising a watertight, elastic plastic, wherein the first layer (A) has a first recess, the second layer (B) has a second recess and the third layer (C) has a third recess, and wherein the sealing element (1) has at least one recess (2) extending through the first recess, the second recess and the third recess, characterized in that the first layer (A) and the third layer (C) are designed to be stretchable and / or elastic, that the second recess encloses and / or surrounds the first recess and the third recess,that the third recess is arranged in alignment with the first recess and / or encloses and / or surrounds the first recess and that edge regions (4A, 4C) of the first recess and the third recess extend into the region of the second recess and / or protrude and / or project beyond an edge region (4B) of the second recess.

2. Sealing element according to claim 1, characterized in that the first recess is at least substantially identical in construction and / or of the same size as the third recess and is arranged in particular directly above the third recess, so that preferably the first recess is arranged in alignment with the third recess and / or so that preferably the first recess and third recess are arranged coaxially and / or with their respective cross sections concentrically to one another.

3. Sealing element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the centers of the first, second and third recesses are arranged on a straight line, in particular on a line passing through a layer facing away from the third layer. Outer surface of the first layer formed sealing plane intersecting and orthogonal to the sealing plane are arranged.

4. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first recess, the second recess and the third recess are arranged coaxially, in particular to one another, and / or the cross sections of the first recess, the second recess and the third recess are arranged concentrically, in particular to one another.

5. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first recess, the second recess and / or the third recess is / are circular and / or elliptical and / or rectangular in cross-section.

6. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second recess with its edge region (4B) completely encloses and / or surrounds the first recess and third recess and / or the edge region (4A) of the first recess and the edge region (4C) of the third recess.

7. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the third layer (A, C) each protrude and / or protrude with an overlapping section relative to the edge region (4B) of the second recess, wherein the overlapping sections of the first and third layer (A, C) form a common overlapping region, in particular wherein the overlapping region is formed continuously and / or without interruptions.

8. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the overlapping sections of the first and third layers (A, C) are arranged at least substantially one above the other and preferably lie directly against one another and more preferably are firmly, in particular materially, connected to one another.

9. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the, in particular maximum, diameter of the first recess and / or the third recess is at most 95%, preferably between 50% and 95%, more preferably between 60% and 90%, of the, in particular maximum, diameter of the second recess.

10. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the edge regions of the layers (A) and (C) have a spacing from the center of the recess that is at least 5% smaller, in particular at least 10% smaller, preferably at least 15% smaller, than the edge region of the layer (B).

11. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (A) and the layer (C), in particular the edge regions of the layer (A) and the layer (C), in the region of the recess, in particular at least substantially flush with one another.

12. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side of the layer (C) facing the layer (B) is partially exposed in the region of the recess and / or forms an exposed overlap section, in particular adjoining the edge region of the layer (C), and / or that the layer (C) is not covered by the layer (B) in the region of the recess in some regions and / or in an overlap section, in particular adjoining the edge region of the layer (C).

13. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer (A) comprises a stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, in particular is designed as a stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven layer.

14. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, has an extensibility in the transverse direction of at least 70%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 100%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the unstretched state, and / or that the first layer (A), in particular the stretchable and / or elastic nonwoven, has an extensibility in the longitudinal direction of at least 70%, in particular at least 85%, preferably at least 100%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the unstretched state, in each case measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018).

15. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second layer (B) comprises a solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, in particular is designed as a solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven layer.

16. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second layer (B), in particular the solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, has an extensibility in the transverse direction of at most 35%, in particular at most 20%, preferably at most 15%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the non-stretched state, and / or that the second layer (B), in particular the solid and / or non-stretchable nonwoven, has an extensibility in the longitudinal direction of at most 35%, in particular at most 20%, preferably at most 15%, based on the area of ​​the layer, in particular of the nonwoven, in the non-stretched state, in each case measured according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018).

9. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the waterproof, elastic plastic is selected from the group of vinyl acetates, polyurethanes, rubbers and mixtures thereof, in particular ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane, alkene-based synthetic rubbers and mixtures thereof, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, in particular consists thereof.

17. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (C), in particular the waterproof, elastic plastic, has an elongation at break of at least 300%, in particular at least 450%, preferably at least 600%, measured according to DIN EN ISO 527 as of 2019.

18. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the application case, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, the layer (A) faces away from the wall, in particular is designed as a closing and / or outer layer of the sealing element facing away from the wall.

19. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the application, in particular for the sealing of Pipe passages in walls, the first layer (A) designed as a final and / or outer layer of the sealing element covers the layer (C) in particular at least substantially completely.

20. Sealing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the application, in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, the layers (A) and (C), in particular via the layer (C), in particular in the region of the overlap area, are designed to bear against a pipe going into the wall, in particular to form a watertight and / or airtight seal.

21. A method for producing a sealing element having a planar configuration and comprising a multi-layer structure, wherein the sealing element comprises a first layer (A), a second layer (B) and, arranged between the layers (A) and (B), at least one layer (C) comprising a waterproof, elastic plastic, wherein (c) in a first step (a) the first layer (A) and the layer (C) are provided and bonded to one another, or a precursor of the layer (C) is applied to the layer (A) and allowed to cure and / or crosslink to form the layer (C) and bond to the layer (A), wherein, upon provision of the layers (A, B, C), the first layer (A) has a first recess, the second layer (B) has a second recess, and the third layer (C) has a third recess, and / or wherein the first recess, the second recess, and the third recess are introduced into the bonded layers, so that the sealing element (1) has at least one recess (2) extending through the first recess, the second recess, and the third recess, (d) in a step (b) following the first step (a), the second layer (B) is applied to the layer (C) and the layers are bonded together, characterized in that the layer (A) and the layer (C) are and / or become stretchable and / or elastic, and that the layers (A), (B) and (C) are arranged in process steps (a) and (b) such that the second recess encloses and / or surrounds the first recess and the third recess, wherein the third recess is arranged in alignment with the first recess and / or encloses and / or surrounds the first recess, wherein edge regions (4A, 4C) of the first recess and the third recess extend into the region of the second recess and / or protrude and / or project beyond an edge region (4B) of the second recess.

22. Sealing element (1), in particular for sealing pipe passages in walls, having a planar design and comprising a multi-layer structure, wherein the sealing element (1) comprises a first layer (A), a second layer (B) and at least one layer (C) arranged between the layers (A) and (B), comprising a watertight, elastic plastic, and wherein the sealing element (1) has at least one recess (2) extending through the layers (A), (B) and (C), in particular such that the layers (A), (B) and (C) each have a recess, characterized in that the layer (A) and the layer (C) are designed to be stretchable and / or elastic, and in that the recess (2), in particular recesses, with respect to the layers (A), (B) and (C), has / have a single center point (3), in particular a center point in each case, wherein in the region of the recess (2), in particular recesses, resulting edge regions (4A,4C) of the layers (A) and (C) are equally spaced from the center point (3) of the recess (2), in particular are arranged coaxially on a matching axis, and wherein the edge regions (4A, 4C) of the layers (A) and (C) are spaced from the center point (3) of the recess (2), in particular the matching axis, at a smaller distance than the edge region (4B) of the layer (B).

23. Sealing element according to claim 22, characterized by one or more features of claims 2 to 20.

24. A method for producing a sealing element having a planar configuration and comprising a multi-layer structure, wherein the sealing element comprises a first layer (A), a second layer (B) and, arranged between the layers (A) and (B), at least one layer (C) comprising a waterproof, elastic plastic, wherein (e) in a first step (a) the first layer (A) and the layer (C) are provided and bonded together, or a precursor of the layer (C) is applied to the layer (A) and allowed to cure and / or crosslink to form the layer (C) and bond with the layer (A), wherein the layer(s) have a recess upon provision and / or a recess is introduced into the bonded layers, (f) in a step (b) following the first step (a), the second layer (B) is applied to the layer (C) and the layers are bonded to one another, the layer having a recess upon provision, characterized in that the layer (A) and the layer (C) are and / or become stretchable and / or elastic, and in that the layers (A), (B) and (C) are arranged in the process steps (a) and (b) such that the recess, in particular recesses, has a single center point with respect to the layers (A), (B) and (C), in particular are arranged coaxially, wherein edge regions of the layers (A) and (C) resulting in the region of the recess are equally spaced from the center point of the recess, in particular are arranged coaxially, and wherein the edge regions of the layers (A) and (C) are spaced less than the edge region of the layer (B) from the center point of the recess.

25. Use of a sealing element according to one of claims 1 to 20 or 22 and 23 for sealing pipe passages in walls.

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