Forming machine and method

Abstract

A forming machine for processing elongate material (12) comprises draw-in rollers (16, 18, 20, 22) for conveying the elongate material (12), a material guide (28) which is arranged downstream of an output end of the draw-in rollers (16, 18, 20, 22), and a winding mechanism (30) to which the draw-in rollers (16, 18, 20, 22) feed the elongate material (12) through the material guide (28) and which winding mechanism forms wound components (4) therefrom. An oil device lubricates the elongate material (12) on the material guide (28) with lubricating oil.

Description

[0001] Forming machine and process

[0002] The invention relates to a forming machine for processing elongated material, comprising: an oiling device that supplies the material with lubricating oil, feed rollers for conveying the material, a material guide arranged downstream of a discharge end of the feed rollers, and a winding device to which the feed rollers feed the material through the material guide and which winds wound components therefrom. The invention further relates to a forming method for processing elongated material, comprising: providing the material with lubricating oil, drawing in the material from a supply and conveying the material by means of feed rollers, guiding the conveyed material by means of a material guide arranged downstream of a discharge end of the feed rollers, and winding wound components by means of a winding device to which the feed rollers feed the material through the material guide.

[0003] Well-known forming machines are spring coiling machines. They coil elongated material, such as wire, into coiled components in the shape of springs. Tubing or other elongated workpieces, such as rods, can also be processed into coiled components in forming machines. Any reference to wire as elongated material and / or springs as coiled components below is purely exemplary.

[0004] A common problem with forming machines is the material galling the tools. This means that progressive friction heats the material locally, so that at a material-dependent temperature, it welds to the tools. However, due to the continued movement, it then separates from the tools again. However, parts of the material remain on the tools (the elongated material rubs off) and cracks form on the contacting surfaces, which adversely affects the forming process. This is referred to as adhesive wear. The problem of galling occurs primarily when processing stainless steel with very high hardness and strength. The consequences of galling can even lead to the failure of the forming machine.

[0005] In well-known spring coiling machines, such as the FUL 16 from WAFIOS Aktiengesellschaft, wire seizure is prevented by lubricating the wire to be formed. This lubrication occurs before it enters the spring coiling machine. In the simplest case, this is done using a rag soaked in lubricating oil or an oil box filled with lubricating oil. This oil box is placed on the wire material between the reel and the wire straightener, i.e., before the wire material enters the spring coiling machine, and through which the wire flows. Lubricating oil here refers to a liquid lubricant, such as oils, but also water-based lubricants. Both solutions represent very simple technical solutions for wire lubrication.

[0006] DE 102015 208 346 A1 describes a feed device for a forming machine for feeding an elongated workpiece from a workpiece supply to a forming device of the forming machine, as well as a forming machine with such a feed device. The shafts of the feed rollers are provided for lubrication.

[0007] DE 102021 211 526 A1 discloses the post-treatment of springs produced in a spring coiling machine using a heat treatment unit, particularly in the production of stainless steel springs. Stainless steel wires, so-called Niro wires, are used to produce stainless steel springs, where the wire seizure effect is particularly pronounced.

[0008] The invention is based on the object of improving the lubrication in a forming machine.

[0009] The invention is defined in claims 1 and 11. The dependent claims relate to preferred embodiments.

[0010] The forming machine has feed rollers for conveying the elongated material, a material guide arranged downstream of an output end of the feed rollers and through which the elongated material is guided, and a winding device to which the feed rollers feed the elongated material through the material guide and which winds the wound components. An oiling device supplies the elongated material between the last pair of feed rollers and a first winding tool of the winding device with lubricating oil, as seen in the material flow direction. The oiling device lubricates the material at the material guide with the lubricating oil.

[0011] When we talk about material guidance (or, for example, wire guidance), we mean a corresponding material guidance component (or wire guidance component) through which the material (or wire) runs. The lubricating oil is therefore supplied at the last possible point in the direction of travel upstream of the winding device, usually in the (last) material guide and especially after the last feed roller. Supplying the lubricating oil at this point results in an optimized lubrication process, as the elongated material is lubricated precisely where it is needed, namely directly upstream of the winding device and before the elongated material comes into contact with the winding tools. Therefore, only as much lubricating oil can be applied as is necessary for processing the elongated material.The lubricating oil dosage no longer requires a reserve quantity for the passage through the feed device, as was the case with the use of a rag soaked in lubricating oil or an oil box. Even with very small amounts of lubricating oil, it can be ensured that there is sufficient lubricating oil on the elongated material as it enters the winding device to prevent seizure. This reduces the amount of lubricating oil, but at the same time provides sufficient lubricating oil to prevent seizure of the elongated material on the winding device's tools.

[0012] The lubricating oil is supplied directly before the point where it is needed, namely before the elongated material comes into contact with the winding tool. The lubricating oil is also preferably supplied only at this point and not at any other point before the elongated material passes through the material guide arranged between the feed device and the winding device. Preferably, after the material guide, in or at which the lubricating oil is added, the elongated material is no longer contacted on its outer surface before it is wound.

[0013] This surprisingly simple constructive measure achieves several advantages:

[0014] Because lubrication is applied precisely where it is needed in the forming process, and the resulting low amount of lubricating oil is required, only a very small amount of lubricating oil is required within the forming machine. Oil mist, which could contaminate a camera lens and lighting equipment, is avoided because a comparatively smaller amount of lubricating oil is applied precisely where it is needed to wind the elongated material.

[0015] The manufactured wound components have less lubricating oil on their surface during further processing, which has a beneficial effect on subsequent processes such as thermal hardening.

[0016] The wound components have less impurities, which is for example

[0017] Sterilization requirements in medical technology applications are advantageous. Because the lubricating oil is introduced after passing through all the feed rollers, there is no lubricating oil between the feed rollers, thus enabling Hertzian line pressure, which is difficult to achieve with conventional application of lubricating oil upstream of the feed rollers. Due to the lubricating oil present between the feed rollers, a higher roller contact pressure must be applied there to minimize slippage between the feed rollers and the lubricated elongated material, whereby the elongated material is pressed in and thus deformed. Applying the lubricating oil downstream of the last feed roller is therefore particularly advantageous when processing pipe material, as increased roller contact pressure to compensate for slippage caused by the lubricating oil could undesirably compress the pipes. This problem is now avoided.

[0018] Adding the lubricating oil during the final material feed allows for controlled dosing of the lubricating oil by precisely adjusting the amount of lubricating oil. The amount of lubricating oil per component is kept extremely low, reducing the amount of oil required in subsequent process steps and reducing contamination in the forming machine.

[0019] The forming machine can be a compression spring machine (FUL), a torsion spring machine (FMU), a tube bending machine, or a wire bending machine (BM), as long as the wire is lubricated only after passing through the feed rollers. Particularly preferred, the forming machine can be a spring coiling machine for coiling springs.

[0020] The oiling device can take a variety of forms, for example, as a drip-feed oiler with an adjustable valve or as a controllable valve or pump. The lubricating oil is then applied directly to the elongated material.

[0021] Particularly preferably, the oiling device comprises an oil reservoir arranged on or in the material guide, which is supplied with the lubricating oil and past which the elongated material conveyed through the material guide passes. This can be an oil felt or a small chamber in the material guide, for example. The lubricating oil is not applied directly to the elongated material, but first to the oil reservoir and from there to the elongated material. This allows the amount of lubricating oil to be further reduced. The oil reservoir can in particular be designed as an oil felt, past which the elongated material passes. The oil felt is preferably a textile structure comprising pressed natural and / or synthetic fibers. The oil felt preferably consists of several felt plates. In some embodiments, the oil felt can also be designed as a sponge material.In a preferred embodiment, the material guide has a guide channel through which the elongated material runs, and the lubricating oil is supplied through a supply channel (e.g., a bore) running transversely to the guide channel. The lubricating oil can be supplied to the elongated material either directly through a guide groove in the wire guide, which represents a slot open at the top, or via the aforementioned oil felt.

[0022] Particularly preferably, the guide channel in the block forming the material guide has a widened portion through which the lubricating oil is supplied, e.g., through the oil felt designed as a felt plug inserted into the widened portion. Then, further preferably, the axial length and cross-section of the widened portion and the feed force and / or speed with which the elongated material is conveyed are adapted to one another in such a way that buckling of the elongated material in the widened portion is prevented.

[0023] The material guide particularly preferably has a lower part and a cover which form the guide channel. The material guide is therefore designed in two parts. The lubricating oil is supplied through a supply channel (e.g. bore) running transversely to the guide channel in the lower part and / or cover. The two-part design is particularly preferred because the material guides also serve as a counter-hold when machining the elongated material and are therefore subject to wear. They must therefore be replaced at certain intervals. The two-part design of the material guides makes removal easier and thus reduces operating costs and downtime. In addition, the guide channel can also be designed in a simpler way by creating a corresponding slot in the cover and lower part so that both slots form the guide channel when the material guide is assembled.This reduces the manufacturing effort and, consequently, the manufacturing costs of the material guides. Nevertheless, the supply of lubricating oil to the elongated material in the material guide is ensured.

[0024] The oiling device preferably has a supply device that supplies the material guide with lubricating oil. Particularly preferably, the supply device comprises an oil reservoir, for example in the form of an oil felt, and a controllable lubricating oil pump supplied by the reservoir for the metered supply of the lubricating oil.

[0025] The lubricating oil can be applied either through permanent lubrication, for example via the oil felt mentioned, or through a drip-feed oiler with an adjustable valve (on-off valve), i.e. directly into the guide channel, for example if the guide channel is a guide groove open at the top. The lubricating oil can also be supplied through controllable valves or pumps, for example via a metering valve with a feed spindle and a motor. This supply can also be effected directly or via the oil reservoir, e.g. the oil felt. Particularly preferably, the lubrication intervals are determined by a machine control system that controls the forming machine and includes a processor, depending on the production time, the number of wound components, or the feed length traveled.If the forming machine is a spring coiling machine, the machine control system can perform pitch and length corrections for springs produced on the spring coiling machine. This is usually done using known camera corrections. If the wire does not run smoothly and consistently through the coiling pins in the coiling device, the diameter (OD) and length (Lo) values ​​of the spring will change - even if a known camera correction is used. The changes are simply too large to be captured, especially since the changes in the OD / Lo values ​​can be sudden. The forming machine therefore preferably uses a process that enables automated correction of sudden OD / Lo values. It is known, for example, under the name iQautopitch from WAFIOS Aktiengesellschaft. In this process, measurement data from the spring is recorded by a measuring device and transmitted to the machine control system.Control software compares the measurement data. An evaluation module evaluates the measurement data and determines correction data. The correction values ​​can be further processed with an NC control program, for example, by changing the pitch values ​​for a spring section and a constant section so that newly manufactured springs do not exceed tolerances.

[0026] Particularly preferably, the oiling device doses a lubricating oil, which is a punching oil based on highly volatile hydrocarbons. This is advantageous when using the forming machine in combination with a post-heat treatment unit, because during post-heat treatment, the finished components are hardened at approximately 300°C to 400°C, so that the lubricating oil evaporates or at least remains on the surface of the finished component in a residual concentration tolerable for the intended use.

[0027] In preferred embodiments, a cleaning device is arranged upstream of the feed rollers in the feed direction, through which the conveyed elongated material passes and which cleans one surface of the elongated material. The elongated material is thus first cleaned in the cleaning device before the lubricating oil is applied, thus improving the adhesion of the lubricating oil to the elongated material. In this way, the amount of lubricating oil to be applied can be further reduced. For example, the elongated material is cleaned and, if necessary, dried before entering the straightening device.

[0028] Furthermore, a forming method for coiling elongated material is provided. The forming method comprises drawing the elongated material from a supply and conveying the elongated material by means of feed rollers, as well as guiding the conveyed material by means of a material guide arranged downstream of an output end of the feed rollers, and coiling a coiled component by means of a coiling device to which the feed rollers feed the elongated material through the material guide. The elongated material is provided with lubricating oil at the material guide, i.e., downstream of the feed rollers and upstream of the coiling device.

[0029] The forming process is characterized by low lubricating oil consumption and improved feed roller operation. It reduces contamination in the forming machine while simultaneously ensuring that seizure of the elongated material is avoided. It thus provides improved lubrication for a forming machine.

[0030] Particularly preferably, the forming process is a spring coiling process for producing springs.

[0031] The advantages mentioned for the forming machine apply equally to the forming process. Features and refinements described here for the forming machine are equally applicable to the forming process—and vice versa.

[0032] It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combinations indicated, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0033] The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, which also disclose features essential to the invention. These exemplary embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be interpreted as restrictive. For example, a description of an embodiment with a large number of elements or components should not be interpreted to mean that all of these elements or components are necessary for implementation. Rather, other embodiments may also contain alternative elements and components, fewer elements or components, or additional elements or components. Elements or components of different embodiments may be combined with one another unless otherwise stated. Modifications and variations described for one of the embodiments may also be applicable to other embodiments.To avoid repetition, identical or corresponding elements in different figures are designated by the same reference numerals and are not explained more than once. The figures show: Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a spring coiling machine.

[0034] Fig. 2 a feed device and a winding device of the spring winding machine in isometric view,

[0035] Fig. 3 the feed device and the winding device of the spring winding machine in side view,

[0036] Fig. 4 shows a wire guide of the spring coiling machine in plan view and Fig. 5 shows the wire guide of Fig. 4 in sectional view.

[0037] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a forming machine in the form of a spring coiling machine 2 for producing wound components in the form of springs 4 from a wire. An unstretched wire 6 is provided on a coil (not shown) on a reel 8, which serves as a holding device for the coil, and is unwound from there. A straightening unit, for example in the form of a wire straightening device 10, is provided in front of or in the spring coiling machine 2 and straightens the wire 6 before it reaches a feed device 14 of the spring coiling machine 2 as a straightened wire 12. The feed device 14 has a first pair of feed rollers with a first feed roller 16 and a second feed roller 18, and a second pair of feed rollers with a third feed roller 20 and a fourth feed roller 22. Likewise, in embodiments, the feed device may have only one pair of feed rollers, or three, four, five or more pairs of feed rollers.

[0038] The feed device 14 of the spring coiling machine 2 feeds in the straightened wire 12 so that the wire 12 feeds in in a through-feed direction. To ensure the wire 12 is guided securely, a first wire guide 24 is arranged between the wire straightening device 10 and the first pair of feed rollers as a material guide through which the wire 12 is guided. A second wire guide 26 is located between the first pair of feed rollers 16, 18 and the second pair of feed rollers 20, 22, and a third wire guide 28 is arranged downstream of the feed device 14 before the wire 12 is pushed into a coiling device 30, which forms the wire 12 into a spring 4 and subsequently separates the spring 4 from the remaining wire 12. For the forming process, the advancement of the wire 12 against the tools of the winding device 30 is essential, which is why the feed rollers 16, 18, 20, 22 must convey the wire with as little slippage as possible.The winding process is monitored by a camera 32 and controlled by a machine control system (not shown).

[0039] The wire guides 24, 26, 28 guide the wire material axially into the processing space of the winding device 30. In particular, the last wire guide 28 in the conveying direction provides counter-support during processing of the wire 12, i.e., during winding and / or cutting. In the winding device 30, the wire 12 runs against one or more winding fingers 34, 36 and is deformed into a spring 4, which is then separated from the wire 12. After being separated from the wire 12, the spring 4 is sucked in by a compressed air stream via a pipeline 38 by means of a pneumatic conveying system and conveyed to a heat treatment machine 40, which is designed to perform heat treatments on the spring 4.

[0040] To prevent wire seizure on the winding fingers 34, 36 or on a pitch tool 35, the wire 12 is lubricated by adding lubricating oil to the surface of the wire 12. The lubricating oil is added at the last possible point in the conveying direction before the wire 12 enters the winding device 30 and runs against the winding fingers 34, 36 or the pitch tool 35. This point is the third wire guide 28 behind the last pair of feed rollers 20, 22.

[0041] Fig. 2 shows the feed device 14 and the winding device 30 of the spring coiling machine 2 in an isometric view. It shows the straightened wire 12, which is guided through the feed device 14 and then wound into a spring 4 by the winding device 30. The wire 12 is fed from the first wire guide 24 to the first pair of feed rollers 16, 18, where the first feed roller 16 and the second feed roller 18 clamp and feed the wire 12. At this point, there is no lubricating oil on the wire 12. The wire 12 is then guided through the second wire guide 26 into the second pair of feed rollers 20, 22, where the third feed roller 20 and the fourth feed roller 22 likewise clamp and feed the wire, likewise without the presence of lubricating oil.

[0042] In the embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2, the lubricating oil is supplied in different ways, but at the same location.

[0043] The supply of lubricating oil to the third wire guide 28, as shown in Fig. 1, results in an optimal lubrication process, because the wire 12 is only lubricated shortly before entering the winding device 30, so that other components, in particular the feed rollers 16, 18, 20, 22 and the camera 32, are not negatively affected by the lubricating oil. Nevertheless, sufficient lubrication is ensured to prevent seizure of the wire 12 when it comes into contact with the winding fingers 34, 36 or the pitch tool 35 in the winding device 30.

[0044] In the third wire guide 28 there is a supply channel, e.g. a cylindrical first bore

[0045] 42, which leads transversely to a guide channel 44 for the wire 12 and through which the wire 12 guided in the guide channel 44 is supplied with lubricating oil – in the simplest case, directly. For this purpose, an oil hose 46 is connected to the first bore 42, through which lubricating oil is supplied to the wire 12 from a lubricating oil reservoir 50 by means of an oil pump 48. The lubricating oil is thus added to the wire 12 directly upstream of the winding device 30 following in the conveying direction.

[0046] Because the wire is supplied with lubricating oil from the lubricating oil reservoir 50 by the oil pump 48 via the oil hose 46, the lubricating oil supply can be precisely controlled. The oil pump 48 doses a defined amount of lubricating oil, whereby, for example, the amount of lubricating oil can be precisely controlled drop by drop. In this case, the lubricating oil reservoir 50, the oil pump 48, and the oil hose 46, together with the supply channel—i.e., the first bore 42—in the wire guide 28, constitute an oiling device. To ensure adequate lubrication, there is no longer any need to overdose with lubricating oil as a precautionary measure.

[0047] Before the wire 12 is pushed into the winding device 30 after passing through the feed device 14, it passes through the third wire guide 28. Only in this third wire guide 28 is the wire 12 lubricated, and preferably only there; no other point in the spring coiling machine 2 receives lubricating oil. As explained in Fig. 1, the lubricating oil from the supply device is supplied to the wire 12 through the oil hose 46 via the bore 42.

[0048] In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the first bore 42 is arranged on the rear side of the third wire guide 28, not visible in the figure. Fig. 3 shows a side view of the arrangement according to Fig. 2. Also shown in Fig. 3 are the first wire guide 24 and a knife 53. On the front side 52 of the third wire guide 28, a second bore 54, which is preferably also cylindrical, is formed. It preferably has a larger diameter than the first bore 42 and serves to introduce an oil felt 56 into the third wire guide 28. This oil felt 56 is supplied with lubricating oil by the supply device. In this way, the efficiency of the lubricating oil application is increased. A smaller amount of lubricating oil can be used.In this embodiment, the lubricating oil is introduced via the first bore 42 into the third wire guide 28, where the lubricating oil reaches the oil felt 56 located in the second bore 54 and impregnates it with lubricating oil. The wire 12 passes over the oil felt 56 impregnated with lubricating oil and is thereby lubricated. In this embodiment, the oiling device comprises the supply device, comprising the lubricating oil reservoir 50, the oil pump 48, and the oil hose 46, as well as the supply channel (first bore 42), and the oil felt 56.

[0049] The oil felt 56 is preferably seated in the second bore 54 of the third wire guide 28. Fig. 4 shows the third wire guide 28 in plan view and Fig. 5 shows the third wire guide 28 of Fig. 4 in sectional view in section A. The third wire guide 28 has a front side 52 and a back side 58, with Fig. 4 showing a plan view of the front side 52. The wire 12 is shown, which is guided through the guide channel 44 of the third wire guide 28. The second bore 54 opens into an inlet opening at the front side 52 and extends transversely over the guide channel 44. The first bore 42, which has a smaller diameter than the second bore 54, is introduced into the back side 58 of the third wire guide 28.

[0050] The oil felt 56 is inserted through the inlet opening into the second bore 54 and up to the guide channel 44. The oil hose 46 is connected from the other side to the first bore 42, so that the oil felt 56 is supplied with lubricating oil in a controlled manner via the supply device.

[0051] For spring coiling, the wire 12 is pushed against the first coiling finger 34 in the coiling device 30 and deflected onto a circular path. The second coiling finger 36 and the pitch tool 35 form it into a helical shape until a cutting tool in the form of the knife 53 separates the spring 4 from the remaining wire 12 at a predetermined location. The spring 4 is transported via a pipeline 38 of a pneumatic conveyor system to a heat treatment machine 40. To support the spring 4 during its forming process and after the wire 12 has been cut, a V-shaped support plate 64 is provided.

[0052] It is understood that the third wire guide 28 can also be designed in two parts, comprising a cover and a base, which together provide the guide channel 44 when assembled. Such a design improves the interchangeability of the third wire guide 28 and reduces its manufacturing costs.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Forming machine for processing elongated material (12), comprising: an oiling device which supplies the elongated material (12) with lubricating oil, feed rollers (16, 18, 20, 22) for conveying the elongated material (12), a material guide (28) which is arranged downstream of an output end of the feed rollers (16, 18, 20, 22) and through which the elongated material (12) runs, and a winding device (30) to which the feed rollers (16, 18, 20, 22) feed the elongated material (12) through the material guide (28) and which winds components (4) wound therefrom, characterized in that the oiling device is designed such that it supplies the lubricating oil to the elongated material (12) at the material guide (28).

2. Forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the material guide (28) is the last material guide before the winding device (30).

3. Forming machine according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the oil device comprises an oil reservoir (56) arranged on or in the material guide (28), which is supplied with the lubricating oil and past which the elongated material (12) conveyed through the material guide (28) passes, wherein the oil reservoir is designed in particular as an oil felt (56).

4. Forming machine according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the material guide (28) has a guide channel (44) through which the elongated material (12) runs, and the lubricating oil is supplied through a supply channel (42) running transversely to the guide channel (44).

5. Forming machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the material guide (28) has a lower part and a cover which form the guide channel (44), and the lubricating oil is supplied through the supply channel (42) running transversely to the guide channel (44) in the lower part or cover.

6. Forming machine according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the oil device has a supply device which supplies the material guide (28) with lubricating oil.

7. Forming machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the supply device comprises a lubricating oil reservoir (50) and a controllable lubricating oil pump (48) supplied thereby for the metered supply of the lubricating oil to the material guide (28).

8. Forming machine according to one of the above claims, characterized in that a cleaning device is arranged upstream of the feed rollers (16, 18, 20, 22) in the feed direction, through which the conveyed elongated material (12) runs and which cleans one surface of the elongated material (12).

9. Forming machine according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the lubricating oil is a punching oil based on volatile hydrocarbons which evaporates at 300°C to 400°C.

10. Forming machine according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the forming machine is a spring coiling machine (2) for coiling springs (4) as coiled components.

11. A forming method for processing elongated material (12), comprising: providing the elongated material (12) with a lubricating oil, drawing in the elongated material (12) from a supply and conveying the elongated material (12) by means of feed rollers (16, 18, 20, 22), guiding the conveyed elongated material (12) by means of a material guide (28) which is arranged downstream of a discharge end of the feed rollers (16, 18, 20, 22) and through which the elongated material (12) runs, and winding wound components (4) by means of a winding device (30) to which the feed rollers (16, 18, 20, 22) feed the elongated material (12) through the material guide (28), characterized in that the lubricating oil is supplied to the elongated material (12) at the material guide (28).

12. Forming method according to claim 11, characterized in that the elongate material (12) is provided with the lubricating oil by guiding the elongate material (12) past an oil reservoir (56) arranged on or in the material guide (28) which is supplied with the lubricating oil, wherein the oil reservoir is designed in particular as an oil felt (56).

13. Forming method according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the elongated material (12) is guided through a guide channel (44) of the material guide (28) and the lubricating oil is supplied through a supply channel (42) running transversely to the guide channel (44).

14. Forming method according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the elongated material (12) is taken from a supply (8) and then cleaned on its surface before it reaches the material guide (28).

15. Forming method according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the forming method is a spring winding method for winding springs (4) as wound components.

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