Functional fabric based on metallic nanoparticles, and use thereof

Abstract

The present invention patent application relates to a functional fabric (1), pertaining to the technical field of clothing, which has been developed to have synergistic antimicrobial, antiviral and superhydrophobic properties, with repeatability of use, applied to lab coats, scrubs, sheets and pillowcases; said functional fabric (1) comprising a body of textile material (2) with incorporated metallic nanoparticles (3).

Description

[0001] Functional fabric based on metallic nanoparticles, and the use of the fabric.

[0002] INTRODUCTION - BASIS OF THE INVENTION

[0003]

[0001] Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a public health challenge worldwide, compromising the safety of patients and workers. According to the World Health Organization, for every 100 patients admitted to intensive care hospitals, seven patients in high-income countries and 15 patients in low- and middle-income countries will acquire at least one HAI during their hospital stay. On average, one in ten affected patients will die as a result of their HAI (WHO, 2022).

[0004]

[0002] In this context, concern for health leads to the development of innovative technologies. One strategy that has shown surprising results is the application of nanotechnology in textiles, with the aim of stimulating antimicrobial, antiviral, superhydrophobic activities and repeatability of use in the health field. Coatings made of nanoparticles on textile substrates for enhanced biomedical applications are capable of reducing the incidence of a wide variety of hospital infections. For example, the use of a combination of metallic nanoparticles and metal oxide conjugated with biopolymers in textiles promotes enhanced antibacterial, virucidal and antifungal properties (VRINCEANU et al., 2022).

[0003] It is important to clarify that standardization in the field of nanotechnologies includes the understanding and control of matter and processes at the nanoscale, generally, but not exclusively, below 100 nanometers in one or more dimensions, where the emergence of size-dependent phenomena generally enables new applications. Additionally, the use of the properties of nanoscale materials that differ from the properties of individual atoms, molecules, and bulk materials enables the creation of improved materials, devices, and systems that exploit new properties (ISO, 2005).

[0005]

[0004] Nanomaterials behave significantly differently from the same materials at larger dimensions due to two main factors: surface effects and quantum effects, which allow nanomaterials to exhibit enhanced functionalities (BUZEA et al., 2007; JOUDEH & LINKE, 2022). Nanomaterials have particular characteristics, including a very large surface area, a high number of particles per unit mass, a greater fraction of atoms on the surface, and these atoms interact with fewer direct "neighbors" (BUZEA et al., 2007; JOUDEH & LINKE, 2022). It is also necessary to consider that quantum effects are directly related to the size of the nanomaterials; that is, the smaller the size of the nanomaterial, the more pronounced the quantum effects become (JOUDEH & LINKE, 2022).In this way, these characteristics promote enhanced chemical, physical, and biological properties compared to their larger counterparts, as they increase the reactivity of nanomaterials (BUZEA et al., 2007; JOUDEH & LINKE, 2022).

[0005] Scientific evidence attests that combinations of nanoparticles and biopolymers present valuable potential for use in textile fabrics related to medical applications, such as medical clothing, bed linens, blankets, among others. Through the use of various nanoparticle deposition techniques available for textiles, the antibacterial functionality and biocompatibility of the materials can be fully achieved. It is also important to emphasize that the use of biopolymers combined with nanoparticles improves wash resistance, in addition to reducing environmental impact (VRINCEANU et al., 2022).In addition to these advantages, silver, gold, zinc oxide, and copper oxide nanoparticles exhibit hydrophobicity functionality in textiles (CHAKRABARTY & JAS-UJA, 2022; MONTES-HERNANDEZ et al., 2021; WANG et al., 2019).

[0006]

[0006] Different methods have been used to promote the functionalization of nanoparticles in natural and synthetic fibers, including sputtering, electrostatic assembly, chemical reduction in solution, immersion coating, electrolyte-free coating, drop and dry, biosynthesis, and impression bonding methods. These techniques involve pre-prepared nanoparticles and in situ reduction in textiles (MEHRAVANI et al., 2021). Regarding nanoparticle synthesis, physical, chemical, and green synthesis methods have been used (MEHRAVANI et al., 2021; XU et al., 2013). In recent years, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has aroused much interest, as it offers many advantages such as being highly productive, economical, safe and environmentally friendly, reducing or eliminating the use of toxic substances (ALTAMMAR, 2023; HASAN et al., 2024; MEHRAVANI et al., 2021).Various organisms can be used for the green synthesis of nanoparticles, including bacteria, fungi, algae, yeasts, and plants (ALTAMMAR, 2023; HASAN et al., 2024; MEHRAVANI et al., 2021).

[0007]

[0007] Corroborating the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities provided by the deposition of metallic nanoparticles in textiles, several examples are found in the literature (Tables 1 and 2).

[0008]

[0008] In particular, silver nanoparticles have been widely used in textile applications, as they exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties (NOVI et al., 2022; SHAH et al., 2022; SYDUZZAMAN et al., 2023). It is important to consider that nanoparticles stimulate a sustained release of silver ions, amplifying the effect of this ingredient (MONTES-HERNANDEZ et al., 2021). The main mechanism involved in the antimicrobial activity of silver is attributed to a significant interaction of silver ions with bacterial proteins, leading to cell death (MONTES-HERNANDEZ et al., 2021; SHAH et al., 2022). Additional mechanisms involving the generation of reactive oxygen species and damage to bacterial DNA have also been proposed (ARENAS-CHÁVEZ et al., 2022).Regarding antifungal activity, this is also induced by the interaction of silver nanoparticles with the surface of fungi, with its mechanism of action being pleiotropic, since it attacks microorganisms in several structures simultaneously (MATRAS et al., 2022). As an antiviral agent, silver nanoparticles adhere to the surface of the viral envelope, stimulating the generation of reactive oxygen species, interactions with DNA, and enzymatic damage, resulting in viral inactivation (TREMI LI OS I et al., 2020).

[0009]

[0009] Furthermore, studies using gold nanoparticles alone or combined with other agents for the functionalization of textiles have demonstrated a significant antimicrobial effect, mainly categorized as bacteriostatic and / or by contact (MEHRAVANI et al., 2021). Some studies have shown bactericidal activity, stimulating a decrease in the number of bacteria using only gold nanoparticles (ZHANG et al., 2019). In order to enhance antimicrobial activity, gold nanoparticles have been combined with other agents, such as chitosan, antibiotics, silver nanoparticles, platinum and zinc oxide, as well as plant extracts and antimicrobial enzymes (MEHRAVANI et al., 2021).The antibacterial activity of gold nanoparticles is induced by their attachment to the bacterial membrane, followed by alteration of the membrane potential and a decrease in the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that provides energy to cells, as well as inhibition of the ribosomal subunit from binding to transfer RNA, a mechanism related to the cell division process (MEHRAVANI et al., 2021). In this way, gold nanoparticles compromise the survival and multiplication of different strains of bacteria (MEHRAVANI et al., 2021).

[0010]

[0010] Regarding zinc oxide nanoparticles, these have also been shown to be potential agents for use in textiles, as they are capable of stimulating the death of Gram-positive (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and Gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) bacteria, as well as resistant spores (AZAM et al., 2012). Possible mechanisms involved in this biological response are associated not only with the accumulation of these nanoparticles on the surface of the bacteria, but also with their internalization, leading to the release of zinc ions, membrane dysfunction, and the generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in the process of bacterial cell death (DIZAJ et al., 2014). It is interesting to add that reactive oxygen species play a self-cleaning role in textiles, as they are capable of decomposing organic matter (BOZZI et al., 2005; SHAH et al., 2022).Regarding the antiviral mechanism induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles, this is induced by the interaction of zinc ions with the viral envelope or related proteins, promoting alteration of metabolic processes and generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to viral inactivation (GONZALEZ et al., 2021).

[0011]

[0011] Additionally, copper oxide nanoparticles are also of great interest to scientists. Antibacterial effects stimulated by these nanoparticles are associated with their internalization, causing damage to enzymes crucial to bacteria, resulting in cell death (DIZAJ et al., 2014).

[0012]

[0012] Thus, based on the literature review shown, it is possible to state that the deposition of metallic nanoparticles on textiles presents a great innovative potential to minimize hospital infections.

[0013] Table 1. Summary of studies involving the deposition of metallic nanomaterials on textiles to stimulate antibacterial and antifungal properties, when investigated.

[0014] Table 2. Summary of studies involving the incorporation of metallic nanomaterials into textiles to stimulate antiviral activity. ncicial resp írus da gri (FluVA)

[0015]

[0013] Additionally, the evidence of the beneficial antimicrobial activity of metallic nanoparticles incorporated into textiles is also reinforced by the significant number of patents found, as demonstrated below (Table 3). It is interesting to mention that no Brazilian patents were found for textiles containing nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity (INRI, 2024).

[0016] Table 3. Patents found for textiles containing metallic nanoparticles exhibiting antimicrobial activity.

[0017]

[0014] Given all these considerations, the approach contemplated in this document is demonstrated below (Figure 1) (Adapted from SYDUZZAMAN et al., 2023).

[0018]

[0015] In this way, it is possible to conclude that the application of metallic nanoparticles in textiles plays a potential role against infections, thus reinforcing the importance of using nanotechnology for lab coats, scrubs, sheets and pillowcases.

[0019] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020]

[0016] Based on the aforementioned knowledge, the object of the patent application in question is a functional fabric 1 comprising: a body of textile material 2; and metallic nanoparticles 3 incorporated into the body of textile material 2.

[0021]

[0017] The textile material body 2 can be: Cotton fabric; Organic cotton fabric; Linen fabric; Viscose rayon fabric; Polyester and cotton fabrics; Cotton-polyester-elastane; Nylon and cotton and others.

[0022]

[0018] Metallic nanoparticles can be: ZnO, MgO and CuO; Silver; Silver and / or copper; Silver and copper; CuO / Cu2O produced by green synthesis, selected to stimulate antimicrobial and antiviral effects, and exhibit superhydrophobic characteristics and repeatability of use.

[0023]

[0019] The clothing items obtained with the functional fabric 1, according to the present invention, are: lab coat; scrubs; sheet, pillowcase and others.

[0024] REFERENCES

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Claims

Claims 1 “FUNCTIONAL FABRIC BASED ON METALLIC NANOPARTICLES”, comprising: a textile material body (2), characterized by metallic nanoparticles (3) incorporated into the textile material body (2). 2 “FUNCTIONAL FABRIC BASED ON METALLIC NANOPARTICLES”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile material body (2) can be: Cotton fabric; Organic cotton fabric; Linen fabric; Viscose rayon fabric; Polyester and cotton fabrics; Cotton-polyester-elastane; Nylon and cotton and others. 3 “FUNCTIONAL FABRIC BASED ON METALLIC NANOPARTICLES”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the metallic nanoparticles (3) can be: ZnO, MgO and CuO; Silver; Silver and / or copper; Silver and copper; CuO / Cu2O produced by green synthesis. 4 “USE” of the functional fabric of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the functional fabric (1) is used in the making of: lab coat; scrubs; sheet, pillowcase.

Images