Optical device and method for manufacture
A compact optical device with dual optical elements on a carrier substrate addresses the size and cost issues of edge emitting lasers, achieving symmetrical collimation for improved performance in applications like LIDAR and laser beam scanning.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/100742
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing edge emitting semiconductor lasers require multiple optical elements and traditional glass fabrication processes, resulting in large sizes and high production costs, with asymmetrical divergence angles along the fast and slow axes, which are undesirable for applications like LIDAR and laser beam scanning.
A compact optical device is fabricated using wafer level optics, comprising a carrier substrate with two optical elements on opposite surfaces, each with specific convergence powers to collimate light along both axes, reducing size and complexity.
Achieves a symmetrical, collimated beam output with reduced size and cost, suitable for applications requiring narrow beam angles and constrained beam sizes.
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Figure CN2024100742_26122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
OPTICAL DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURE
[0001] The present invention concerns an optical device and a method for manufacturing an optical device.BACKGROUND
[0002] Edge emitting semiconductor lasers are currently used in a wide range of applications. Due to the relative dimensions of existing semiconductor lasers, in particular, edge emitting lasers (EELs) , the emitted electromagnetic radiation is characterized by asymmetrical divergence angles along a fast axis direction and a slow axis direction.
[0003] Light emitted along the fast axis direction is characterized by a large divergence angle. However, the spatial size of the emitting area corresponding to the fast axis direction is small. In practice, an optical lens is arranged close to the EEL emitting surface to collect as much flux as possible.
[0004] In contrast, light emitted along the slow axis direction emerges from an emitting area with a relatively larger spatial size. An optical lens is therefore arranged far enough from the EEL emitting surface to allow implementation using optics with smaller convergence angles.
[0005] The resulting effect due to the characteristics of the emissions from the fast and slow axes, is that EELs are typically implemented with two optical elements. A first optical element is configured to process light associated with the fast axis, and a second optical element is configured to process light associated with the slow axis. The distance between the two elements to achieve a symmetrical output emission is typically large, thus collimation optics are typically implemented using multiple optical arrays sequentially arranged along the light emission path.
[0006] Where collimation optics are implemented as a monolithic element, for example as described in CN 115877486A, the beam size exiting the collimator is typically large, and needs to be reduced in size. Thus, additional optical components and structures are required. Furthermore, the optical elements are usually fabricated using traditional glass fabrication processes, resulting in large sizes and high production costs.
[0007] An alternative approach, described in CN 116859614 A, involves epitaxial growth or mounting of two meta-surface optical elements on a protective layer formed on the epitaxial layers of an edge emitting laser.
[0008] It is an object of the present application to address the challenges arising in implementation of optical collimators for edge emitting lasers. The present application provides a compact optical device that can be fabricated using wafer level optics technology, and that allows shaping of output emissions from edge emitting lasers at low cost.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] This and other objects are addressed by the subject matter of the independent claims. Features and further aspects of the proposed principles are outlined in the dependent claims.
[0010] The inventors propose a novel optical collimator that is implemented as a single optical element and is characterized by dimensions allowing fabrication by wafer level optics (WLO) processes. The proposed collimator significantly reduces the size and complexity of the optical system associated with edge emitting lasers.
[0011] A typical EEL laser output beam is characterized by a large output angle along the fast axis, typically in the range between 15° and 40°. The output angle along the slow axis is smaller, typically in the range between 6° and 10°. The resultant asymmetry is undesirable in typical applications such as LIDAR and laser beam scanning. Additionally, collimation of the beam is required to achieve a constrained beam size and a narrower beam angle, in particular, to achieve a substantially parallel beam.
[0012] Classical collimators involve at least 2 spatially separated lenses, or a single lens. Where a single lens is used, the thickness must be sufficiently large to allow the front and back surfaces of the collimator to function as two distantly separated optics. The optical elements may be constructed from optical glasses or plastic, usually characterized by large sizes. Alternatively, optical elements may be implemented as meta-lenses. Costs of meta-structure fabrication are however at present relatively high.
[0013] Some aspects of the proposed invention relate to an optical device. The proposed device comprises a carrier substrate, a first optical element and at least a second optical element. The at least two optical elements are arranged on opposite surfaces of the carrier substrate.
[0014] The first optical element is arranged on a surface of the carrier substrate. During operation, the first optical element is arranged facing the edge emitting laser, with a surface facing the edge emitting laser serving as an entry surface for light emitted by the laser. The entry surface of the first optical element facing away from the carrier substrate, that is, the entry surface, is characterized by a curved profile. In particular, the surface of the first optical element is configured to comprise a first convergence power with respect to a first plane, and a second convergence power with respect to a second plane. The first convergence power is positive and nonzero, indicative of a convergent lens. The second convergence power is negative and nonzero, indicative of a divergent lens.
[0015] The second optical element is arranged on a surface of the carrier substrate. During operation, the second optical element is arranged facing away from the edge emitting laser. The surface of the second optical element facing away from the carrier substrate is characterized by a curved profile. In particular, the surface of the second optical element is configured to comprise a third convergence power with respect to the first plane, and a fourth convergence power with respect to the second plane. Both the third and the fourth convergence power are positive, indicative of convergent lenses.
[0016] The first plane corresponds to the plane of divergence of a laser beam emitted along the fast axis direction of the edge emitting laser. As the emitted beam diverging from the emission surface of the EEL comes into contact with the surface of the first optical element, a converging lens formed by the first optical element with respect to the first plane reduces the angle of divergence, and the beam is transmitted through the carrier substrate with a reduced divergence. The angle of divergence of the beam is further reduced as the beam travels through the converging lens formed by the second optical element. In particular, the beam emerging from the second optical element is collimated along the fast axis direction of the edge emitting laser. In some aspects, the first convergence power associated with the first optical element is larger than the third convergence power associated with the second optical element. The convergent power of the first optical element is thus the maj or power of convergence along the fast axis.
[0017] The second plane corresponds to the plane of divergence of an emitted laser beam along the slow axis direction of the edge emitting laser. As the emitted beam comes into contact with the surface of the first optical element, a diverging lens formed by the first optical element with respect to the second plane increases the angle of divergence, and the beam is transmitted through the carrier substrate with an increased divergence. The rays are thereby expanded to a larger beam angle through the carrier substrate, towards the second optical element. A converging lens formed by the second optical element with respect to the second plane reduces the angle of divergence such that the beam exiting the second optical element is collimated along the slow axis direction of the edge emitting laser.
[0018] Light emitted by the laser emitting device is therefore subjected to the first convergence power along the fast axis and to the second convergence power along the slow axis. It is thus possible to achieve a substantially symmetrical output beam profile that is collimated along both the slow axis and the fast axis.
[0019] The carrier substrate comprises a material that is optically transparent to the emission wavelengths of an edge emitting laser to which the optical device is to be coupled. In particular, the carrier substrate may comprise glass. The thickness of the carrier substrate is dependent on several factors related to the manufacturing process of the optical device, in particular, wafer level optics processes. In some aspects, the carrier substrate is characterized by a thickness in a range between 0.2 mm and 5 mm, in particular, between 0.4 mm and 4 mm, and in particular between 0.5 mm and 3 mm. The lower limit of the carrier substrate thickness is governed by a need to ensure mechanical robustness, as very low wafer thicknesses result in fragility, increasing the complexity and cost of manufacturing. The upper limit of carrier substrate thickness is governed by a need to ensure ease of slicing during dicing or singulation of individual optical devices from a finished wafer. Furthermore, the thickness of the carrier substrate defines the distance between the first optical element and the second optical element. The configuration of the convergence powers of the first and second optical element with respect to both the first and second plane therefore needs to take into account the thickness of the carrier substrate.
[0020] According to the proposed principle, the first and second optical elements comprise a plastic material, in particular, an epoxy. The refractive index of the selected epoxy is substantially similar to the refractive index of the carrier substrate. This avoids divergence at the interfaces between the optical elements and the carrier substrate, such that the configuration of the optical device can be achieved by suitably configuring the convergence power of the optical elements.
[0021] The use of epoxy for the optical elements allows formation of the optical lenses directly on the carrier substrate through wafer level optics processes including but not limited to 3D-printing approaches and nano-imprint lithography (NIL) . Each optical element may be formed as a single layer or may comprise a plurality of sublayers disposed on the surface of the carrier substrate and bonded together.
[0022] In some aspects, the optical device comprises at least one adhesive layer between the carrier substrate and the optical elements. Some aspects of the proposed invention additionally or alternatively comprise at least one adhesive sublayer forming part of at least one of the first and / or the second optical element. The adhesive comprises in particular material that is index-matched to the carrier substrate and / or the optical elements. The proposed optical device is in some aspects formed as a monolithically integrated device.
[0023] Further aspects of the proposed invention relate to an optical arrangement. The optical arrangement comprises the proposed optical device arranged within a housing. The arrangement further comprises a laser emitting device, in particular, an edge emitting laser. The said laser emitting device produces electromagnetic radiation characterized by a slow axis and a fast axis.
[0024] The laser emitting device is arranged within the housing such that the emission surface of the light emitting device is facing a surface of the first optical element facing away from the carrier substrate. The housing is configured to maintain the laser emitting device in a fixed position and orientation in relation to the optical device, thereby ensuring reliability in the output characteristics of a collimated light beam originating from the laser emitting device and transmitting through the optical device. In particular, the fast axis direction of the laser emitting device is oriented to correspond to the first plane, whereby the first optical element is configured to form a converging lens. Conversely, the slow axis direction of the laser emitting device is oriented to correspond to the second plane, whereby the first optical element is configured to form a diverging lens.
[0025] Further aspects of the proposed invention relate to a method for manufacturing an optical device. According to the proposed principle, a carrier substrate is provided. The carrier substrate comprises any suitable material whose optical characteristics correspond to the operating conditions, in particular, the emission wavelength of a laser emitting device to be used with the proposed optical device. In particular, the carrier substrate may comprise glass.
[0026] A first optical element is disposed on a surface of the carrier substrate. The first optical element comprises a complex curved surface configured to exhibit a first convergence power with respect to a first plane and a second convergence power with respect to a second plane. The first plane and the second plane are perpendicular to each other. The first convergence power has a nonzero positive value. The second convergence power has a nonzero negative value. The curvature and dimensions of the first optical element are configured to achieve desired output characteristics.
[0027] A next step involves disposing a second optical element on a surface of the carrier substrate opposite the first optical element. The second optical element is configured to have a third convergence power with respect to the first plane and a fourth convergence power with respect to the second plane. Both the third convergence power and the fourth convergence power comprise nonzero positive values. In some aspects the third convergence power comprises a value that is lower than the first convergence power. The third convergence power and the fourth convergence power are selected in consideration of the first convergence power and the second convergence power, as well as the thickness of the carrier substrate and the desired output beam profile.
[0028] In some aspects, the proposed method further comprises a step of providing a laser emitting device, in particular, an edge emitting laser. The laser emitting device is characterized by a fast axis of emission and a slow axis of emission. The laser emitting device is arranged in a housing such that the position and orientation of the fast axis and the slow axis of emission are fixed. Additionally, an optical device comprising a carrier substrate, a first optical element and a second optical element arranged such that the first and second optical element are arranged on opposite surfaces of the carrier substrate is arranged within the housing. The emission surface of the laser emitting device is arranged to face the first optical element. The first optical element comprises a curved surface configured to exhibit a first convergence power with respect to a first plane and a second convergence power with respect to a second plane. The first convergence power has a nonzero positive value, and the second convergence power has a nonzero negative value. The orientation of the laser emitting device in relation to the optical device is such that the fast axis of the laser emitting device corresponds to the first plane and the slow axis of the laser emitting device corresponds to the second plane. Light emitted by the laser emitting device is therefore subjected to the first convergence power along the fast axis and to the second convergence power along the slow axis.
[0029] SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] Further aspects and embodiments in accordance with the proposed principle will become apparent in relation to the various embodiments and examples described in detail in connection with the accompanying drawings in which
[0031] Figure 1 shows an optical device;
[0032] Figures 2 and 3 illustrate sectional views of an optical device in accordance with some aspects of the proposed principle;
[0033] Figure 4 illustrates an optical arrangement in accordance with some aspects of the proposed principle.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] The following embodiments and examples disclose various aspects and their combinations according to the proposed principle. The embodiments and examples are not always to scale. Likewise, different elements can be displayed enlarged or reduced in size to emphasize individual aspects. It goes without saying that the individual aspects of the embodiments and examples shown in the figures can be combined with each other without further ado, without this contradicting the principle according to the invention. Some aspects show a regular structure or form. It should be noted that in practice slight differences and deviations from the ideal form may occur without, however, contradicting the inventive idea.
[0035] In addition, the individual figures and aspects are not necessarily shown in the correct size, nor do the proportions between individual elements have to be essentially correct. Some aspects are highlighted by showing them enlarged. However, terms such as "above" , “over” , "below" , "under" "larger" , "smaller" and the like are correctly represented with regard to the elements in the figures. So it is possible to deduce such relations between the elements based on the figures.
[0036] Figure 1 shows an exemplary optical device 20 according to the proposed principle. The optical device 20 is arranged facing an emission surface 11 of a laser emitting device 10. The laser emitting device 10 is characterized by a fast axis and a slow axis of emission.
[0037] The optical device 20 comprises a first optical element 21 arranged on a surface of a carrier substrate 22, and a second optical element 23 arranged on a surface of the carrier substrate 22 opposite the first optical element. The contact surfaces between the optical elements 21, 23 and the carrier substrate 22 are positioned on substantially parallel planes, both planes being perpendicular to the main emission direction of the laser emitting element 10.
[0038] A surface of the first optical element 21 facing the laser emitting device 10 is characterized by a first curvature 211 when viewed in a direction perpendicular to a first plane x-z and a second curvature 212 when viewed in a direction perpendicular to a second plane x-y. Similarly, a surface of the second optical element 23 is characterized by a first curvature 231 when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first plane x-z, and a second curvature 232 when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the second plane x-y.
[0039] The curvature 211 of the first optical element 21 is configured to form a converging lens characterized by a first convergence power. The first convergence power has a nonzero positive value. The curvature 212 of the first optical element 21 is configured to form a diverging lens characterized by a second convergence power. The second convergence power has a nonzero negative value.
[0040] The laser emitting device 10 is aligned such that the fast axis of the emitted beam is characterized by a divergence about the first plane x- z, and the slow axis of the emitted beam is characterized by a divergence about the second plane x-y.
[0041] The carrier substrate 22 comprises a material that is optically transparent at the emission wavelengths of the laser emitting device 10. In particular, the carrier substrate 22 comprises an optical glass. The thickness tc of the carrier substrate, measured along a direction x which is parallel to the main direction x of emission of the laser emitting device defines the separation distance between the first optical element 21 and the second optical element 23, and is therefore configured in consideration of the desired convergence characteristics of the first and second optical elements 21, 23. Additionally, to reduce production complexity, in particular, for ease of singulation of individual optical devices from a common wafer during production, the thickness tc is configured to be in particular lower than 5 mm, in particular lower than 3 mm. Furthermore, for mechanical robustness of the optical device, that is, to avoid fragility in the optical device, the thickness tc is configured to be in particular greater than 0.2 mm, and, in particular, greater than 0.5 mm.
[0042] The first optical element 21 and the second optical element 23 comprise a plastic material, in particular, an epoxy. In some aspects, the refractive indices of the materials comprising the first optical element 21, the carrier substrate 22 and the second optical element 23 are substantially equal.
[0043] The first and second optical elements 21, 23 are arranged on the surfaces of the carrier substrate 22 using, in particular, wafer level optics processes. Such processes include but are not limited 3D micro-or nano-printing processes and nano imprint lithography. In some aspects, the first and second optical elements are manufactured separately on a growth substrate and transferred to the carrier substrate 22. In such aspects, bonding of the first and second optical elements may be achieved using different methods including thermal bonding and / or use of an adhesive material. The adhesive is selected such that it comprises a refractive index substantially equal to the refractive indices of the carrier substrate 22 and the optical elements 21, 23.
[0044] The thickness of the first and second optical elements is dependent on the desired convergence power. For optimal compactness and reduced material cost, it is advantageous to configure the first optical element and the second optical element such that they comprise the smallest possible thickness necessary to achieve the desired curvature. In some aspects, the first optical element and the second optical element are deposited respectively as single layers of material. In other aspects, the first optical element and the second optical element may each comprise successively deposited sublayers which are bonded together and arranged on the surface of the carrier substrate.
[0045] Figure 2 illustrates a sectional view of an optical device according to the proposed principle, in particular, from a direction perpendicular to the plane of divergence of radiation emitted by the laser emitting device 10 in the fast axis direction. The laser emitting device 10 emits radiation towards a surface of the first optical element 21. The emitted radiation is characterized by a first divergence angle α about a first plane x-z. The diverging beam from the laser emitting device 10 arrives at the first optical element 21, which comprises a curvature with respect to the first plane that results in a first convergence power. The divergence angle of the laser beam is reduced by the first optical element, and the beam is transmitted through the carrier substrate 22. Within the carrier substrate, the divergence angle of the beam remains substantially unchanged. The transmitted beam arrives at the second optical element 23, which comprises a curvature with respect to the first plane that results in a third convergence power. In the illustrated aspect, the third convergence power is configured to be lower than the first convergence power. The combined first convergence power of the first optical element 21 and third convergence power of the second optical element 23 result in a collimated beam which emerges from the optical device through a surface of the second optical element facing away from the laser emitting device 10.
[0046] In Figure 3, a sectional view of an optical device according to the proposed principle is shown, in particular, viewed from a direction perpendicular to the plane of divergence of radiation emitted by the laser emitting device 10 in the slow axis direction. The laser emitting device 10 emits radiation towards a surface of the first optical element 21. The emitted radiation is characterized by a second divergence angle β about a second plane x-y. The second divergence angle β is smaller than the first divergence angle α. In particular, the second divergence angle β is smaller than the first divergence angle α by a factor between 2 and 8. The diverging beam from the laser emitting device 10 arrives at the first optical element 21, which comprises a curvature with respect to the second plane that results in a second convergence power, in particular, a negative convergence power. The divergence angle of the laser beam is increased by the first optical element, and the expanded beam is transmitted through the carrier substrate 22. Within the carrier substrate, the divergence angle of the beam remains substantially unchanged. The transmitted beam arrives at the second optical element 23, which comprises a curvature with respect to the second plane that results in a fourth convergence power. The divergence angle of the beam is reduced by the second optical element. The combined second convergence power of the first optical element 21 and fourth convergence power of the second optical element 23 result in a collimated beam which emerges from the optical device through a surface of the second optical element facing away from the laser emitting device 10.
[0047] The proposed invention further relates to an optical arrangement comprising an optical device 20 and a laser emitting device 10 arranged within a housing 30, as illustrated in Figure 4. The housing 30 is configured such that the laser emitting device 10 is arranged at a fixed position and in a fixed orientation with respect to the optical device 20. The housing is also configured to provide a fixed position and orientation for the optical device 20, thus ensuring mechanical stability during operation and reliability of output characteristics of radiation emitted from the arrangement. The laser emitting device 10 is arranged such that the main direction of emission, that is, parallel to the x-axis, is perpendicular to a surface of the first optical element 21 facing the laser emitting device. The orientation of the fast axis and the slow axis of emission of the laser emitting device corresponds to the respective first and second planes associated with the curvature of the first optical element. In the illustrated aspect, the laser emitting device is arranged such that the fast axis of emission is characterized by a divergence along a plane parallel to the x-z plane. The slow axis of emission is characterized by a divergence along a plane parallel to the x-y plane. As previously described herein, the configuration of the curvatures of the optical elements 21 and 23 result in collimation of radiation emitted by the laser emitting device 10 simultaneously along the fast axis and the slow axis of emission.
[0048] LIST OF REFERENCES
[0049] 10 laser emitting device
[0050] 11 emission surface
[0051] 20 optical device
[0052] 21 first optical element
[0053] 211, 212 curvature
[0054] 22 carrier substrate
[0055] 23 second optical element
[0056] 231, 232 curvature
[0057] 30 housing
[0058] α divergence angle along fast axis
[0059] β divergence angle along slow axis
Claims
1.Optical device (20) comprising:- A carrier substrate (22) ;- A first optical element (21) arranged on a surface of the carrier substrate,wherein the first optical element comprises a first convergence power with respect to a first plane (x-z) and a second convergence power with respect to a second plane (x-y) , wherein the second plane is perpendicular to the first plane, andwherein the first convergence power is greater than zero, andwherein the second convergence power is less than zero;- A second optical element (23) arranged on a surface of the carrier substrate opposite the first optical element,wherein the second optical element comprises a third convergence power with respect to the first plane (x-z) and a fourth convergence power with respect to the second plane (x-y) , andwherein the third convergence power and the fourth convergence power are each greater than zero.2.Device according to claim 1, wherein the first convergence power is greater than the third convergence power.3.Device according to claim 1, wherein the first optical element, the second optical element and the carrier substrate are monolithically integrated.4.Device according to claim 1, wherein the first optical element, the second optical element and the carrier substrate comprise materials whose refractive indices are substantially equal.5.Device according to claim 1, wherein the first optical element and the second optical element comprise a plastic material, in particular, an epoxy.6.Device according to claim 1, wherein the carrier substrate comprises glass.7.Device according to claim 1, further comprising an adhesive arranged between the surfaces of the carrier substrate and the first optical element, and between the surfaces of the carrier substrate and the second optical element.8.Device according to claim 7, wherein the adhesive is characterized by a refractive index substantially equal to that of the carrier substrate and / or the first and / or second optical element.9.Device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the carrier substrate is between 0.2 mm and 5 mm, in particular, between 0.5 mm and 3 mm.10.Optical arrangement comprising an optical device according to any of claims 1 to 9, and further comprising:A laser emitting device (10) , in particular, an edge emitting laser, wherein the laser emitting device is characterized by a fast axis and a slow axis;A housing (30) , wherein the laser emitting device and the optical device are arranged within the housing such that a surface of the first optical element facing away from the carrier substrate is facing a light-emitting surface of the laser emitting device, and wherein the housing is configured to maintain the laser emitting device and the optical device at fixed positions relative to each other;wherein the optical device is arranged such that the first plane corresponds to the fast axis of the laser emitting device, and the second plane corresponds to the slow axis of the laser emitting device.11.Method of processing an optical device, comprising the steps:Providing a carrier substrate;Arranging a first optical element on a surface of the carrier substrate, wherein the first optical element comprises a first convergence power with respect to a first plane and a second convergence power with respect to a second plane, andwherein the second plane is parallel to the first plane, andwherein the first convergence power is greater than zero, andwherein the second convergence power is less than zero;Arranging a second optical element on a surface of the carrier substrate opposite the first optical element, wherein the second optical element comprises a third convergence power with respect to the first plane and a fourth convergence power with respect to the second plane, andwherein the third convergence power and the fourth convergence power are each greater than zero.12.Method according to claim 11 where the step of arranging a first optical element and / or the step of arranging a second optical element on a surface of the carrier substrate involves a wafer-level optics process, in particular 3D nano-or micro-printing and / or nano-imprint lithography.13.Method according to claim 8, further comprising the steps:Providing a laser emitting device, wherein the laser emitting device is characterized by a fast axis of emission and a slow axis of emission;Arranging the laser emitting device and the optical device within a housing such that a light-emitting surface of the laser emitting device is facing a surface of the first optical element facing away from the carrier substrate,wherein the housing is configured to maintain a specific distance between the laser emitting device and the optical device, andwherein the laser emitting device is oriented such that the fast axis of emission corresponds to a surface of the first optical element characterized by the first convergence power, andwherein the slow axis of emission of the laser emitting device is oriented to correspond to a surface of the first optical element characterized by the second convergence power.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Optical element and optical module
CN115877486A
Laser fast and slow axis collimator, laser and laser manufacturing method
CN116859614A
High brightness laser diode source
US5790576A