Machine for extracting a beverage

Abstract

The present invention relates to a machine (1) that includes an extraction chamber (4) with two half-chambers (5, 6) that can move away from each other in an open configuration and can move closer to each other in a second closed configuration; a first piercing device (7) to pierce a single-dose capsule (3) and create an inflow of extraction fluid; a second piercing device (9) to pierce said single-dose capsule (3) and create an outflow of extracted fluid (8); an outlet passage (10); in which said at least one second piercing device (9) includes at least one cutting element (51) that includes a cutting element end portion (52) that is tapered and ends with a narrow edge or tapered portion knife (53) that has a circular arc shape that at least partially surrounds said outlet passage (10) or through hole or outflow hole.

Description

Machine for extracting a beverage* * * *DESCRIPTION

[0001] Technical Field of the Invention

[0002] The invention is part of the general technical field of machines for extracting beverages from capsules, in particular disposable capsules, preferably, but not exclusively, for the preparation of coffee, in which the product to be infused is arranged and remains spent in a package that acts as an infusion chamber or dissolves if it is a soluble extract.

[0003] It more specifically concerns the technical field of capsules intended to be perforated to allow the injection of fluid, for example water, under pressure inside the aforementioned capsule. The invention also relates to the technical field of methods that allow the infusion of such capsules.

[0004] Furthermore, this invention relates to an extraction machine, in particular for coffee, capable of producing a beverage by allowing an easy outflow of the extract.

[0005] Furthermore, this invention relates to an extraction machine, in particular for coffee, that allows an effective and precise perforation of the extract.

[0006] Prior Art

[0007] Disposable pods and capsules are well known in the state of the art and described, for example, in documents WO 2004 / 006740 (SEB), WO 94 / 01344 (Nestle), US 2004 / 0197444 (Kraft Foods), US No. 5,012,629 (Kraft Foods), WO 2004 / 087529 (Hausbrandt), EP 1,221,418 (Melitta Haushaltsprodukte), EP 1,295,554 (SGL Italia) and EP 0,583,210 (Fornari).

[0008] The need for users to extract espresso coffee from pods or capsules with an abundant, dense, compact and long-lasting foam has become increasingly evident over the years. This desire stems from the unique experience offered by traditional Italian espresso, where the "crema" - a layer of golden foam that forms on the surface of the beverage - is considered the hallmark of a high-quality espresso. The cream not only improves the visual appearance of the coffee, but also contributes to the perception of flavor, enhancing the aroma and body of the coffee.

[0009] Users who opt for pods or capsules to extract an espresso seek practicality without compromising quality. Pods and capsules offer a convenient and quick solution for preparing an espresso, eliminating the need to measure and grind coffee beans. However, these systems face the challenge of replicating the quality of the cream obtained with traditional methods.

[0010] In particular, pods and capsules represent a practical and fast method to prepare an espresso, eliminating the annoying phase of grinding and dosing the coffee beans. However, these systems face a major challenge: replicating the quality of the cream obtained with traditionalmethods.

[0011] On the contrary, espresso prepared with traditional methods, while boasting a rich and aromatic cream, suffers more from the rapid natural degradation caused by contact with oxygen and moisture in the air, once the multi-dose package is opened.

[0012] The dense and compact foam not only adds a pleasant texture to the drink, but retains and amplifies the aroma in every sip. This advantage is further enhanced by the single-serve portion, which preserves taste and integrity for longer than traditional methods.

[0013] To meet this need, coffee machine and capsule manufacturers have invested in research and development to improve extraction technology. New pressure systems and emulsion techniques have been designed to create a stable and long-lasting copious foam. Some devices also include special valves or inserts that promote the formation of the cream, ensuring a foam that remains abundant and intact until the last sip.

[0014] Documents EP1579792, EP1579792, EP1580143, EP1580144 and EP2020890, all from the same applicant as this patent application, have proposed technologies suitable for solving this need directly in the disposable capsule containing the ground coffee.

[0015] The capsule described here is designed for espresso machines and is used to extract beverages from a particulate substance using water under pressure. The capsule consists of a main body that includes a cup-shaped part and a lid. The cup has a base, a side wall, and an upper edge on which the lid is fixed, defining an internal volume that contains the particulate substance. This volume is equipped with filtering means to retain the particulate substance and percolate the fluids.

[0016] A distinctive feature of the capsule is the presence of a valve mounted on the base of the cup, which opens elastically under the pressure of the fluids during the beverage extraction phase, allowing the passage of the fluid. This valve, made of a resilient material with at least one normally closed slit or orifice, isolates the inside of the capsule from the outside environment and retains fluid residues once extraction is complete. When the valve is open, it facilitates the formation and stability of the cream in the extracted beverage.

[0017] The capsule may also include obstacles to the flow of fluids inside the base to interrupt the direct flow. The valve closes automatically when the fluid pressure decreases at the end of the extraction, retaining the residues inside. The valve material can be rubber, elastomers or flexible plastics.

[0018] Other features include internal supports such as ribs and porous discs that facilitate the flow of fluids and the support of the particulate substance. The base of the cup may have ridges that create fine channels to connect the filter with the outlet. The capsule can be made of variousmaterials such as thermoplastics, aluminum, rubber and heat-resistant composites, and is suitable for containing various substances such as ground coffee, tea, powdered chocolate and instant soups.

[0019] Document W02009013777A1 concerns automatic machines for the preparation of beverages, in particular a device for piercing disposable capsules containing a product for infusion, such as coffee, tea, chamomile. The device described here includes a body with a first face equipped with one or more sharp protrusions to pierce the capsule, and a number of ducts to connect the first face with a second opposite face. Each protrusion has a side wall with grooves connected to the conduit means to allow the passage of the beverage only through the grooves, while ensuring great strength and mechanical resistance.

[0020] Document US3088826 discloses a method of preparing coffee that involves the use of a fluid circuit with a confined pressure extraction zone, capable of withstanding the pressure of the water passing through it, and forcing the hot water through coffee powder contained in this extraction zone. The steps consist of packing the coffee in a rigid container when it is freshly ground and sealing it to keep the freshly ground coffee out of contact with oxygen until immediately before the extraction operation, and constituting the original rigid container as the aforementioned confined pressure extraction zone, which includes the steps of perforating it and connecting the perforated container in the aforementioned fluid circuit, using the rigidity of the container to make a sealed connection in the fluid circuit.

[0021] Document W01994002059A1 discloses a device for extracting edible substances contained in a sachet, using water under pressure. This device consists of two main elements: the first element has a base with raised portions and a cavity, while the second element has a cavity that couples with the edge of the first element. The base of the first element allows the sachet to be torn when pressed against the raised portions, allowing the extract to flow through the holes in the base. The second element has a surface with a convex and a concave part, which couple with the edge of the first element, forming an extraction chamber together. The device also includes means for piercing the sachet and introducing water into the chamber for the extraction of the edible substance. In addition, it can have a two-piece structure, with rotating means to pierce the sachet and introduce water, and a flexible joint to ensure a sealed connection.

[0022] Document US9248955B2 discloses a capsule and perforation device assembly. This document discloses a single-dose capsule and a piercing device. The capsule has a base that forms a recess suitable for accommodating an ejection spring. This recess creates an annular channel whose base is suitable for being perforated by a plurality of tips provided in the perforation device.These tips have an inclined and perforated side that connects them with outflow channels made inside each tip. When the piercing device tears the sheet that forms the base of the capsule, in particular the base of the annular channel, the partially torn sheet rests on the tip, creating a positive labyrinth for the extracted fluid, but at the same time it rests on the holes made in the inclined side of each tip and obstructs the passage. Therefore, there is a need to create a solution that allows the laceration of the base and the creation of a labyrinthine path for the extract, but at the same time avoids the obstruction of the outflow openings of the extract. It should be noted that, in this solution, the hole indicated with the reference T1 is placed on the top of the protuberance indicated with the reference 20 and, due to its particularly small size and elevated position with respect to the openings of the outflow channels indicated with the reference 22, it is only useful for evacuating any air that forms between the base plate 17 and the base 11 of the capsule 1 (see

[0052] ).

[0023] Document - EP2425752A1, from the same applicant of the present invention, discloses a container that is designed to contain a dosed amount of a solid product, from which a beverage can be extracted. This container is characterized by the presence of walls that define a cavity suitable for containing the solid product. It is equipped with piercing means designed to pierce predetermined portions of the walls, allowing an extractive fluid to penetrate the cavity and / or allowing the beverage to exit the cavity.

[0024] The container is shaped so that it can be used in a coffee machine, from which the beverage can be extracted. The piercing means comprise a piercing element located near the walls. The walls define the body of the container, which includes the cavity. The piercing element is anchored to the body and can be moved from a rest position, in which it is spaced from at least one of the end walls, to an operating position, in which it is in contact with at least one of the end walls.

[0025] The piercing element is equipped with a plurality of piercing elements that can have different shapes, such as a knife, cone, truncated cone, pyramid, truncated pyramid and tetrahedron. These piercing elements are located in a portion of the piercing element facing one of the end walls. The piercing element includes a plate portion with an edge that engages an anchoring portion of the container, allowing the piercing element to be anchored to the container.

[0026] The container may include a pair of piercing elements and anchoring portions. The walls can be made of various materials, such as aluminum, plastic, thermoplastic materials, elastomeric- thermoplastic materials, thermosetting compositions, rubbers and elastomers, polylaminate materials, biodegradable materials, edible films and heat-shrinkable films. Plastics may include polyethylene, high density polyethylene and polypropylene, while thermoplastic materials mayinclude polyethylene terephthalate. The elastomeric-thermoplastic materials can be a mixture of non-crosslinked ethylene propylene diene monomer and polypropylene. The rubbers and elastomers can be selected from silicone and methyl-vinyl-silicone. The polylaminate materials may include composite films of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinylidene chloride, or polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate and aluminum. Biodegradable materials may include polylactic acid, biodegradable polymers derived from starch, polyhydroxyalkanoates and microbial polyesters.

[0027] The solid product content can be ground coffee, milk powder, chocolate powder, tea powder, and cappuccino powder. The walls of the container can be made with techniques such as injection molding, compression molding, thermoforming and deep drawing.

[0028] These automatic beverage machines use capsules containing predefined doses of coffee or other infusion products. In these machines, a high-temperature liquid, usually water, is introduced under pressure into the capsule, passing through a first wall of the capsule, while the beverage exits through a second, opposite wall. The capsules are placed in an infusion chamber that can be opened to insert or remove the capsules and closed during use. Sealed capsules require piercing devices to introduce pressurized water and allow the beverage to exit. However, existing piercing devices, often made of plastic, are fragile and tend to break quickly, causing a deterioration in the quality of the beverage and leaks inside the machine.

[0029] Object and Summary of the Invention

[0030] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to solve the drawbacks of the state of the art and to provide a machine that, regardless of the capsule, ensures proper perforation of the capsules and an optimal passage of water and beverage, while maintaining a long life and resistance to wear.

[0031] This and other purposes are achieved by a machine according to claim 1, as well as an spent capsule according to claim 15.

[0032] Some advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0033] A machine for extracting a beverage or extract fluid from a substance contained in a capsule, such as a single-dose capsule, is designed with different features to optimize the extraction process. The machine includes at least one extraction chamber, which in turn includes two half-chambers. These half-chambers can move away from each other to open, allowing the insertion of the singledose capsule in one of the half-chambers. Once inserted, the half-chambers come together to close, forming a closed extraction chamber.

[0034] Inside the machine, a first piercing device is associated with the first half-chamber. This device is designed to pierce the single-dose capsule and allow the inflow of an extraction fluid intothe capsule. The extraction fluid interacts with the substance contained in the capsule, extracting the extract fluid.

[0035] A second piercing device is associated with the second half-chamber. This device pierces the single-dose capsule to allow the extract fluid to flow out during the beverage extraction phase. The extracted fluid, once it has been collected from the substance in the capsule, passes through an outlet passage located downstream of the second piercing device.

[0036] The second piercing device is equipped with at least one cutting element. This cutting element includes an end portion that is tapered and ends with a narrow edge, which has a circular arc shape. This tapered edge partially surrounds the outlet passage, ensuring effective and precise perforation of the capsule to allow the correct flow of the extract fluid.

[0037] The machine's design allows for efficient and controlled extraction of the extract fluid from the single-dose capsule. The semi-chambers that close around the capsule ensure that the capsule is correctly perforated and that the extraction fluid can enter and exit optimally. The presence of well-designed cutting elements allows for clean and precise perforation, minimizing waste and ensuring that extraction takes place evenly.

[0038] This machine represents an advanced technological solution for extracting beverages from single-dose cartridges, optimizing both the capsule insertion process and the beverage extraction process.

[0039] In particular, the second piercing device of the beverage extraction machine has a sophisticated structure that guarantees effective piercing of the single-dose capsule. This device includes at least one cutting element, which is a crucial component for the entire extraction process. The cutting element is designed with a specific end portion that plays a fundamental role in the perforation of the capsule.

[0040] The end portion of the cutting element is tapered, which means that it gradually narrows towards the tip. This tapering is essential because it allows the cutting element to penetrate the capsule with greater precision and less resistance. The tapered tip ends with a narrow edge, which can be sharpened like a knife. This sharp edge is shaped like a circular arc, a shape that offers various advantages in terms of effectiveness and cleanliness of the cut, avoiding tearing and slitting the outer wall of the capsule.

[0041] The upper arched edge of the cutting element also performs a dual function: on the one hand, it acts as a knife to cut the outer wall, on the other, it provides optimal support for the filter placed inside the capsule and filtering the particulate material from which the extract is obtained, ensuring integrity despite the pressure exerted by the pressurized coffee above it.

[0042] The tapered edge at least partially surrounds the outlet passage, which is the hole through which the extract fluid is released towards the collection cup or cup. The circular arc shape of the sharp edge ensures that the perforation is clean and precise, minimizing the possibility of tearing or damaging the capsule and the internal filter that could compromise the efficiency of the extraction and pass granular material into the extracted fluid.

[0043] The presence of a well-designed cutting element ensures a uniform, clean and constant perforation of the capsule, optimizing the outflow of the extractive fluid. This precision is crucial to effectively extract the aromatic substances from the capsule contents, ensuring a high-quality beverage.

[0044] In addition, the configuration of the tapered edge surrounding the outlet passage allows a constant and controlled flow of the extract fluid to be maintained. This design minimizes the risk of blockages or interruptions in the flow, which could adversely affect the extraction and quality of the beverage.

[0045] In summary, the second piercing device with its cutting element is designed for optimal extraction, representing a fundamental component of the beverage extraction machine. The precision and effectiveness of the perforation ensure that the extraction process is optimized, helping to produce a high-quality beverage with each use. The attention to detail in the design of the cutting element reflects the commitment to improving the efficiency and reliability of the entire machine. The carefully designed cutting element guarantees high performance and reliable operation over time.

[0046] In accordance with the embodiments described below and to be understood as not necessarily related to each other, the second piercing device of the beverage extraction machine is an essential component that guarantees effective piercing of the single-dose capsule. This device consists of a hollow, internally shaped truncated cone body. The body design includes an outer wall shaped like a truncated cone and a tapered inner wall that narrows towards a preferably, but not necessarily, sharp edge. The end portion of the sharp edge terminates in an arcuate shape, which is crucial to ensure precise and clean piercing of the capsule during the extraction process.

[0047] According to one embodiment, the body of the piercing device is traversed by a diametrical channel, which divides the body itself into two opposing cutting elements. These cutting elements partially surround the outlet passage, thus creating an effective structure to pierce the capsule and allow the extracted fluid to flow freely.

[0048] According to one embodiment, the intersection edges between the cutting elements and the diametrical channel are rounded or flared, ensuring that the perforation is clean and precise.This measure significantly reduces the risk of blockages or hitches during the flow of the extracted fluid or irregular laceration of the capsule wall.

[0049] The flared or double conical shape of the components offers multiple advantages, including:

[0050] • support against the collapse of the external wall; the flared geometry helps to counteract the strong hydraulic pressures that could cause the external wall to collapse, ensuring the structural stability of the device.

[0051] • reduction of the risk of anchoring to the perforator: the conical shape facilitates the ejection of the capsule from the chamber after use, minimizing the possibility that the components remain attached to the perforator, creating obstacles or malfunctions.

[0052] The walls that delimit the diametrical channel are inclined towards the outlet passage, creating a natural guide for the extracted fluid. This configuration allows the fluid to flow without obstacles, improving the overall efficiency of the extraction process, then facilitating the detachment of the capsule used by the perforator after use.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the outlet passage can be unique and located in the center of the drilling device, and is delimited by a side wall that ends with an inlet opening edge and an outlet opening edge.

[0054] According to one embodiment, the drilling device can be integrated with the second extraction half-chamber or can be a separate piece.

[0055] According to one embodiment, this device comprises a plate from which the cutting elements extend and a stem that delimits the outlet passage. The plate also acts as a stop element, ensuring that the piercing device aligns correctly with the extraction half-chamber during operation. The stem can be inserted into a through opening of the extraction chamber and can be sealed with an O-ring to ensure a hermetic seal or screwed for greater stability.

[0056] According to one embodiment, the cutting elements can have different shapes and sizes, and can have openings that form recesses or grooves. These openings, obtained in the cutting elements, can be parallel to the outlet passage, further facilitating the flow of the extracted fluid. The cutting elements can be configured in various combinations, with one or more openings for each element, thus adapting to different drilling and flow needs.

[0057] According to one embodiment, the sharp edge of the piercing device, shaped like a circular arc, is delimited externally by a truncated cone portion and internally by a wall that converges towards the outlet passage. This configuration ensures efficient perforation of the capsule, ensuring that the internal filter of the capsule is deformed without being torn. This is particularly important for maintaining optimal filtration of particulate substances, such as ground coffee.

[0058] In summary, the second piercing device is designed to ensure precise and controlled piercing of the single-dose capsule, optimizing the fluid extraction process and improving the overall quality of the extracted beverage. Its advanced structure and high-quality materials ensure reliable and long-lasting performance, making this machine an excellent choice for beverage extraction. In particular, the materials used are selected for their resistance to corrosion, chemical agents and mechanical stresses, ensuring an extended service life of the second piercing device.

[0059] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0060] Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following the preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying figures in which:

[0061] - figure 1 shows, in axonometric view, a machine of the type with filter holder and extraction chamber oriented with the two half-chambers facing vertically with respect to a support surface of the machine;

[0062] - figure 2 illustrates in axonometric view an extraction device of a machine of the type with orientation of the extraction half-chambers facing horizontally with respect to a support plane of the machine;

[0063] - figure 3 shows an axonometric view of a detail of the machine in figure 1, in which the extraction chamber is shown with the two half-chambers coupled together and therefore in a closed position;

[0064] - figure 4 illustrates an axonometric view with separate parts, the detail of figure 3 according to a different angle of the point of view;

[0065] -Figure 5 shows an axonometric view with separate parts, the extraction device of Figure 2;

[0066] - figure 6 illustrates in an axonometric view sectioned along a vertical plane, with respect to a support plane of the machine, the detail of figure 3 in which a capsule is housed in the extraction chamber and the extraction process is started with the valve device in an espresso extraction position, therefore with the membrane resting on the outlet passage;

[0067] - figure 7 shows an axonometric sectional view according to a vertical plane, with respect to a support plane of the machine, the device of figure 2 in which a capsule is housed in the extraction chamber and the extraction process is started with the valve device in an espresso extraction position, therefore with the membrane resting on the outlet passage;

[0068] - figure 8 illustrates an enlargement of figure 6 at the second piercing device and the valve device, but in an initial or final extraction phase in which the membrane is in a closed position;

[0069] - figure 9 is an enlargement of figure 7 at the second piercing device and the valve device,but in an initial or final extraction phase in which the membrane is in a closed position;

[0070] - figure 10 illustrates figure 6 in which the valve device is in an extraction phase in which the membrane is in an open position;

[0071] - figure 11 illustrates figure 7 in which the valve device is in an extraction phase in which the membrane is in an open position;

[0072] - figure 12 illustrates an enlargement of figure 10 in which the valve device is in an extraction phase in which the membrane is in an open position;

[0073] - figure 13 illustrates an enlargement of figure 11 in which the valve device is in an extraction phase in which the membrane is in an open position;

[0074] - figure 14 illustrates, in an axonometric view sectioned along a vertical plane, with respect to a support plane of the machine, the detail of figure 3 in which a capsule is housed in the extraction chamber and the extraction process is started with the valve device in a drip-type extraction position, therefore with the membrane moved away from the outlet passage, opening an alternative path for the extracted fluid that bypasses the membrane;

[0075] - figure 15 shows an axonometric view sectioned along a vertical plane, with respect to a support plane of the machine, the device of figure 2 in which a capsule is housed in the extraction chamber and the extraction process is started with the valve device in a drip-type extraction position, therefore with the membrane moved away from the outlet passage, opening an alternative path for the extracted fluid that bypasses the membrane;

[0076] - figure 16 illustrates an enlargement of figure 14, but in view and with the flow of extracted fluid highlighted;

[0077] - figure 17 shows an axonometric view from below of the detail of figure 3, in which the ring nut that allows the adjustment of the position of the mobile carriage is visible; the symbols shown allow for understanding the end-of-stroke positions of the mobile carriage and the maneuver necessary to open the assembly and proceed with disassembly and maintenance;

[0078] - figure 18 illustrates a sectioned axonometric view of figure 8 from a different angle;

[0079] - figure 19 shows an axonometric view of the assembly of figure 18, in which the assembly is shown with separate parts;

[0080] - figure 20 illustrates figure 19 but in vertical section;

[0081] - figure 21 illustrates a sectioned axonometric view of a detail of figure 7 according to a different angle of the point of view;

[0082] - figure 22 shows an axonometric view of the assembly in figure 21, in which the assembly is shown with separate parts;

[0083] - figure 23 illustrates in axonometry only the second extraction half-chamber of the detail in figure 22, in which the cam is highlighted;

[0084] - Figures 24 to 26 illustrate in axonometry, lateral and top view the second perforation device according to a first embodiment;

[0085] - figure T1 shows a sectioned axonometric view of a second extraction half-chamber in which the second perforation device is integral with the bottom wall of the half-chamber;

[0086] - figure 28 illustrates an axonometric view of a second extraction half-chamber in section, in which a second perforation device is associated as a separate piece in full view;

[0087] - figure 29 represents the bottom of a second extraction semi-chamber made according to a further embodiment and shown here in sectioned axonometry to which a second perforation device is connected by means of a thread;

[0088] - Figures 30 to 42 illustrate thirteen different embodiments of the second perforation device in side view (full or sectioned) and in top view;

[0089] - Figures 43 to 48 illustrate, in axonometric view, six embodiments of the second perforating device;

[0090] - figures 49 to 51 illustrate the details in top view in section according to the plane A-A of figure 49 and in section according to the plane B-B of figure 49 of a second perforation device according to a further embodiment;

[0091] - figure 52 illustrates in axonometry a disposable capsule with its upper portion bearing the imprint of the holes left by the first perforating device;

[0092] - figure 53 shows an axonometric view of a disposable capsule with its lower portion bearing the imprint of the openings left by the second piercing device;

[0093] - figure 54 illustrates an enlargement of figure 53 in which the point of view has the openings left by the second piercing device in a frontal plane, showing how the set of these openings represents the shape of the edge of a coffee bean, that is, two arcs of a circle with the concavities facing each other;

[0094] - figure 55 shows the used particulate material after extraction and removed from the capsule of figure 52;

[0095] - figure 56 shows an axonometric view of a variant of the extraction device in figure 2 in which the adjustment device is automatically activated by a motor controlled by a user interface command.

[0096] Detailed Description of Some Preferred Embodiments of the Invention

[0097] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the attached figuresto allow an expert to make and use it. Various modifications to the embodiments described will be immediately apparent to experts, and the generic principles described can be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the protective scope of this invention, as defined in the attached claims. Therefore, the present invention should not be considered limited to the embodiments described and illustrated, but the widest protective scope must be granted in accordance with the characteristics described and claimed.

[0098] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning commonly used by persons of ordinary experience in the field pertaining to this invention. In the event of a conflict, this description, including the definitions provided, will be binding. Furthermore, the examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and as such should not be considered limiting.

[0099] In order to facilitate the understanding of the embodiments described herein, reference will be made to some specific embodiments and a specific language will be used to describe them. The terminology used in this document is intended to describe only particular embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of this invention.

[0100] Where the expression "extractable product" is used below, it will be understood as extractable and / or soluble product, for example roasted and ground coffee and freeze-dried coffee, for example barley and ginseng.

[0101] In accordance with a general embodiment of the machine, a machine 1 for extracting a beverage, or extract fluid 8, from a substance 2 contained in a capsule, for example a single-dose capsule 3, comprises at least one extraction chamber 4. Said extraction chamber 4 comprises two half-chambers 5, 6 that can move away from each other to move into an open configuration in which said single-dose capsule 3 can be inserted into at least one of said half-chambers 5, 6 to then be enclosed in said extraction chamber 4 when said half-chambers 5, 6 approach each other in a second closed configuration;

[0102] Said machine 1 also comprises a first piercing device 7 associated with a first halfchamber 5 to pierce said single-dose capsule 3 and create an inflow of extraction fluid in said singledose capsule 3, to create an extraction of said extracted fluid 8 from said substance 2 contained in said single-dose capsule 3, when said single-dose capsule 3 is enclosed in said half-chambers 5, 6 in said second closed configuration.

[0103] Said machine 1 also comprises a second piercing device 9 connected to the other of said semi-chambers 6, or second semi-chamber 6, to pierce said single-dose capsule 3 and create, in a beverage extraction phase, an outflow of extract fluid 8 from said single-dose capsule 3 whenenclosed in said semi-chambers 5, 6 in said second closed configuration.

[0104] Said machine 1 also comprises an outlet passage 10 located downstream of said second piercing device 9 through which said extracted fluid 8 passes during said beverage extraction phase.

[0105] Said at least one second piercing device 9 comprises at least one cutting element 51.

[0106] Said at least one cutting element 51 comprises a cutting element end portion 52.

[0107] Said end portion of the cutting element 52 is tapered and ends with a narrow edge, or tapered portion knife 53.

[0108] Said narrow edge or tapered portion knife 53 has a circular arc shape.

[0109] Said narrow edge or tapered portion knife 53 at least partially surrounds said outlet passage 10 or through hole or outflow hole.

[0110] In accordance with one embodiment, the extraction chamber 4 is shaped to accommodate a capsule with the following characteristics. The capsule 3 for the preparation of a predetermined quantity of beverage suitable for consumption using an extractable and / or soluble product, for example ground coffee, comprises:

[0111] - a first and a second semi-capsule;

[0112] - each semi-capsule includes a thin capsule wall with mechanical resistance and substantially constituting a barrier to air, in particular to oxygen, and to humidity;

[0113] - said thin capsule wall forms a single piece of a first thin wall portion that delimits an internal semi-chamber substantially semi-spherical in shape and suitable for containing said extractable product;

[0114] - said thin capsule wall, near its largest dimension, or equatorial diameter, of the internal semi-chamber, forms a single piece with said first thin wall portion, a second thin wall portion that curves to form an annular flange that projects radially and externally away from said first thin wall portion;

[0115] - said two semi-capsules are arranged facing each other and specular so as to bring at least a portion of said annular flange into contact with each other where they are joined together;

[0116] - said first thin wall portions facing each other specularly form a shape with an overall spherical shape with truncated poles;

[0117] - each of said truncated poles, when in an intact condition before extraction, comprises a section of said thin capsule wall that forms a plane, or a slightly concave section that moves slightly towards the inside of said first thin wall portion.

[0118] Said truncated poles are suitable, the first to receive said first piercing device 7 andthe second the second piercing device 9, or vice versa.

[0119] In accordance with one embodiment, the extraction chamber 4 is shaped to accommodate a capsule having the following characteristics. Capsule 3 includes one or more of the following characteristics:

[0120] each annular flange comprises a flat-shaped flange section;

[0121] each annular flange comprises a flat-shaped flange section; and wherein said two semi-capsules are arranged facing each other and specular so as to bring at least a portion of said flat flange section into contact with each other to be interposed and tightened between said extraction semi-chambers 5, 6.

[0122] According to one embodiment, at least one of said annular flanges of said semicapsules comprises a free flange end edge that forms a flange ring, wherein said flange ring comprises a ring thickness greater than the height of said portion of said annular flange placed in contact with the adjacent semi-capsule.

[0123] According to one embodiment, at least one of said annular flanges of said semicapsules comprises a free flange end edge that forms a flange ring, wherein said flange ring comprises a total ring thickness greater than the thickness of said portion of said annular flange placed in contact with the adjacent semi-capsule.

[0124] According to one embodiment, said at least one second piercing device 9 comprises a second piercing device body 54 shaped as a portion of an internally hollow truncated cone.

[0125] According to one embodiment, said second piercing device body 54 comprises an outer body wall 55 shaped as a portion of the outer surface of a truncated cone and an inner body wall 56 tapered towards a said narrow edge or tapered portion knife 53.

[0126] In accordance with one embodiment, said second piercing device body 54 is diametrically cut by a diametrical channel 57 which forms two opposing cutting elements 51 in said second piercing device body 54 that at least partially surround said outlet passage 10 or central through-hole 10.

[0127] In accordance with one embodiment, said second piercing device body 54 has intersection edges 72 given by the intersection between said cutting elements 51 and said diametrical channel 57 which are rounded or flared.

[0128] According to one embodiment, the walls delimiting said diametrical channel 57 are inclined towards said outlet passage 10 or central through-hole 10.

[0129] In accordance with one embodiment, the walls delimiting said diametrical channel 57 are inclined and converging towards said outlet passage 10 or central through-hole 10.

[0130] According to one embodiment, said at least one outlet passage 10 or through-hole is only one, i.e. a single outlet passage 10 or single through-hole 10.

[0131] According to one embodiment, said at least one outlet passage 10 or through-hole is a single through-hole 10 and said outlet passage 10 is separated from said at least one cutting element 51. Thanks to this embodiment, when the at least one cutting element enters, or breaks through the capsule, it is always avoided that the outlet passage 10 is obstructed by flaps of the base wall of the capsule 2.

[0132] According to one embodiment, said at least one outlet passage 10 or through-hole is a single through-hole 10 and said outlet passage 10 is separated from said at least one cutting element 51, which at least partially surrounds said outlet passage 10 or through-hole or outflow hole.

[0133] According to one embodiment, said at least one outlet passage 10 or through-hole is a single through-hole 10 located in the center of said second piercing device 9.

[0134] According to one embodiment, said at least one outlet passage 10 or through-hole 10 is delimited by a through-hole side wall 58 which ends with an inlet opening edge 59 and an outlet opening edge 60.

[0135] According to one embodiment, said second piercing device 9 is a piece with said second extraction half-chamber 6.

[0136] According to one embodiment, said second piercing device 9 is a separate piece with respect to said second extraction half-chamber 6.

[0137] According to one embodiment, said second piercing device 9 comprises a plate 61 from which at least one cutting element 51 protrudes.

[0138] In accordance with one embodiment, said second perforation device 9 comprises a stem 62 which projects from said plate 61 and delimits said outlet passage 10 or through-hole 10;

[0139] In accordance with one embodiment, said second perforation device 9 comprises a plate 61 from which said at least one cutting element 51 projects. According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 has its base portion that protrudes at least partially from said plate 61;

[0140] In accordance with one embodiment, said plate 61 constitutes a stop element for supporting said second perforation device 9 abutting on the bottom of said second extraction halfchamber 6.

[0141] According to one embodiment, said stem 62 is inserted into a through opening of the extraction chamber 63 provided in the bottom wall of the second extraction half-chamber 6.

[0142] According to one embodiment, said stem 62 is sealingly inserted into a through opening of the extraction chamber 63 provided in the bottom wall of the second extraction halfchamber 6.

[0143] According to one embodiment, said stem 62 has an annular stem seat 64 that receives a stem O-Ring 65.

[0144] According to one embodiment, said stem 62 comprises an annular stem seat 64 which houses a "C" shaped clip made of elastic material that constantly biases the cylindrical wall portion 68 to keep said second perforating device 9 in position but free to rotate inside the cylindrical wall portion 68.

[0145] According to one embodiment, said stem 62 has an external stem thread 66 and said stem 62 is screwed into said through opening of the extraction chamber 63 until said plate 61 abuts against said bottom wall of the second extraction half-chamber 6.

[0146] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 extends from 15% to 85%, preferably from 15% to 40%, and even more preferably from 30% to 40% of the extension of the disk.

[0147] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in the cutting element 67 which forms a recess or a groove or a channel in said cutting element 52.

[0148] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in the cutting element 67 which forms a partial cut-away split in said cutting element 52.

[0149] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in the cutting element 67; said opening in the cutting element 67 has a cylindrical portion shape.

[0150] In accordance with one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in the cutting element 67; said opening in the cutting element 67 is obtained in an inner wall of the body 56 of the second piercing device body 54.

[0151] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in cutting element 67; said opening in cutting element 67 is obtained in an inner wall of the body 56 of the body of the second piercing device 54 facing the outlet passage 10 or through hole 10.

[0152] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in the cutting element 67; said opening in the cutting element 67 extends alonga direction parallel to the direction of extension of said outlet passage 10.

[0153] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in cutting element 67; said at least one opening in cutting element 67 are two openings in cutting element 67 for each cutting element 51.

[0154] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in cutting element 67; wherein said at least one cutting element 52 are two opposing cutting elements 52 each with at least one opening in cutting element 67.

[0155] In accordance with one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in cutting element 67; wherein said at least one cutting element 52 are two opposing cutting elements 52 each with at least two openings in cutting element 67 for each cutting element 51.

[0156] According to one embodiment, said narrow edge or knife with a circular arc shape 53 is delimited:

[0157] externally by a portion of the wall with a truncated cone shape;

[0158] internally by an internal wall converging towards said outlet passage or through-hole 10.

[0159] According to one embodiment, said narrow edge or knife with a circular arc shape 53 is delimited:

[0160] externally by a portion of the wall with a truncated cone shape;

[0161] internally by an internal wall converging towards said outlet passage or through-hole 10 in which the section of internal wall next to the narrow edge or knife with a circular arc shape 53 has a cylindrical wall portion 68.

[0162] According to one embodiment, the restricted edge or knife with a circular arc shape 53 is delimited by a flattened end portion 69.

[0163] According to one embodiment, said narrow edge or knife with a circular arc shape 53 is delimited by a flattened end portion 69; said flattened end portion 69 comprises an extension between 5% and 80%, preferably between 5% and 40%, preferably between 5% and 10% of the parallel base extension of the at least one cutting element 51.

[0164] In accordance with one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 51 has an annular shape and completely surrounds said outlet passage or through-hole 10.

[0165] According to one embodiment, the second piercing device 9 comprises said cutting element 53 of a height suitable for tearing an outer capsule wall 70 and deforming without tearing an inner capsule filter 71 suitable for filtering a particulate substance such as ground coffee.

[0166] According to one embodiment, the first piercing device 7 pierces a capsule or disposable capsule 3 in its upper portion, creating capsule inlet openings 81 obtained in the capsule 3 having an imprint of the holes left by the first piercing device 7. According to one embodiment, the imprints of said openings 81 are three round section holes placed at the vertices of a triangle.

[0167] In accordance with one embodiment, the second piercing device 9 pierces a capsule or disposable capsule 3 in its lower portion, creating capsule outlet openings 82 obtained in the capsule 3 with an imprint of the holes left by the second piercing device 7. According to one embodiment, these openings are a silhouette of the edge of a coffee bean, i.e. two arcs of a circle with the concavities facing each other, creating a three-dimensional distinctive sign that allows the origin of the spent capsule to be immediately recognized.

[0168] According to one embodiment, a spent capsule 3 comprises openings 81 on one of its portions left by the first piercing devices 7 of a machine 1 according to any of the previous embodiments, where said openings are capsule inlet openings 81 and are circular in shape.

[0169] According to one embodiment, there are three capsule inlet openings 81 and are arranged at the vertices of a theoretical triangle.

[0170] According to one embodiment, a spent capsule 3 comprises openings 82 on one portion left by the second piercing devices 9 of a machine 1 according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein said openings are at least one capsule outlet opening 82 and have the shape of at least one circular arc-shaped slot.

[0171] According to one embodiment, a spent capsule 3 comprises openings 82 on one portion left by the second piercing devices 9 of a machine 1 according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein said openings are two capsule outlet openings 82 and have the shape of circle arc slots with the concavities facing each other.

[0172] According to one embodiment, a machine 1 comprises an extraction chamber 4 with two half-chambers 5, 6 that can move away from each other in an open configuration and can approach each other in a second closed configuration.

[0173] Said machine comprises a first piercing device 7 which allows for the piercing of a single-dose capsule 3 and the creation of an inflow of extraction fluid.

[0174] Said machine comprises a second piercing device 9 for piercing said single-dose capsule 3 and creating an outflow of extract fluid 8.

[0175] Said machine comprises an outlet passage 10 and a valve device 11 located downstream of said outlet passage 10.

[0176] Said valve device 11 can be elastically opened under the pressure of an extract fluid8.

[0177] Said valve device 11 is connected to a movable carriage 14.

[0178] Said machine comprises an adjustment device 15 suitable for bringing said movable carriage 14 into a first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10 when said valve device 11 is not open under the pressure of said extract fluid 8 and in a second position in which said valve device 11 is moved away from said outlet passage 10 to allow a free outflow of fluid regardless of the pressure of said extract fluid 8.

[0179] According to one embodiment, a machine 1 for extracting a beverage, or extract fluid 8, from a substance 2 contained in a capsule, for example a single-dose capsule 3, comprises at least one extraction chamber 4.

[0180] Said extraction chamber 4 comprises two half-chambers 5, 6 which can move away from each other to move into an open configuration in which said single-dose capsule 3 can be inserted at least in one of said half-chambers 5, 6 to then be enclosed in said extraction chamber 4 when said half-chambers 5, 6 approach each other in a second closed configuration.

[0181] Said machine (1) comprises a first piercing device 7 connected with a first halfchamber 5 to pierce said single-dose capsule 3 and create an inflow of extraction fluid in said singledose capsule 3, to create an extraction of said extracted fluid 8 from said substance 2 contained in said single-dose capsule 3, when said single-dose capsule 3 is enclosed in said half-chambers 5, 6 in said second closed configuration.

[0182] Said machine (1) comprises a second piercing device 9 connected with the other of said semi-chambers 6, or second semi-chamber 6, to pierce said single-dose capsule 3 and create, in a beverage extraction phase, an outflow of extract fluid 8 from said single-dose capsule 3 when enclosed in said semi-chambers 5, 6 in said second closed configuration.

[0183] Said machine (1) also includes an outlet passage 10 located downstream of, or internally to, said second perforation device 9 through which said extract fluid 8 passes during said beverage extraction phase.

[0184] Said machine (1) includes a valve device 11 located downstream of said outlet passage 10 and associated with said outlet passage 10 to prevent the passage of fluid when the extraction of the beverage is complete.

[0185] Said valve device 11 can be elastically opened under the pressure of said extract fluid 8 during said beverage extraction phase, so as to allow the passage of said extract fluid 8 through said valve device 11 during said beverage extraction phase.

[0186] Said valve device 11 comprises a membrane 12 of a resilient material that includesat least one through-slot 13, or orifice, which is normally closed when the membrane 12 is not stressed, to seal the passage of the extract fluid 8 through said valve device 11 and to retain fluid residues when said beverage extraction is complete.

[0187] Said membrane 12 of said valve device 11, in its open condition under the pressure of said extract fluid 8, i.e. open when the membrane 12 is stressed by a pressure gradient between one of its sides, or first membrane side 16 and the opposite side, or second membrane side 17, allows the passage of said extract fluid 8 through said orifice 13, to increase the formation and stability of the cream in the extract fluid 8 extracted from said single-dose capsule when, for example, said substance 2 is a particulate substance comprising ground coffee.

[0188] Said valve device 11 is connected to a movable carriage 14.

[0189] Said machine comprises a regulating device 15 suitable for carrying said mobile carriage 14:

[0190] - into a first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage10 to seal said outlet passage 10 when said valve device 11 is not open under the pressure of said extract fluid 8; and

[0191] - in a second position in which said valve device 11 is moved away from said outlet passage 10 to allow a free flow of fluid regardless of the pressure of said extract fluid 8.

[0192] In accordance with one embodiment, said first semi-chamber 5 and / or said second semi-chamber 6 is / are movable along a semi-chamber closing and opening path.

[0193] In accordance with an embodiment, said semi-chamber closing and opening path extends horizontally or substantially parallel to a machine support plane for the support and stable support of said machine 1.

[0194] In accordance with one embodiment, said semi-chamber closing and opening path extends vertically or substantially orthogonal to a machine support plane for the support and stable support of said machine 1.

[0195] In accordance with one embodiment, said single-dose capsule 3 is initially received in said second half-chamber 6 which is manually connected to said first half-chamber 5 supported fixed to the machine 1.

[0196] In compliance with an embodiment, said second semi-chamber 6 is connected and supported by a filter-holder arm 18.

[0197] According to one embodiment, said second half-chamber 6 is fixed to a machine support structure 19 and said first half-chamber 5 approaches and moves away from said second half-chamber 6, passing from an open extraction chamber 4 configuration to a closed extractionchamber 4, and vice versa.

[0198] In accordance with one embodiment, said machine 1 comprises a machine support structure 19.

[0199] Said machine support structure 19 or said second semi-chamber 6 comprises at least one tubular extension of the machine 20.

[0200] Said tubular machine extension 20 comprises at least one external machine thread 21.

[0201] Said machine 1 comprises at least one ring nut 22.

[0202] Said ring nut 22 comprises a tubular ring nut extension 23 which comprises an internal ring nut thread 24 suitable for geometrically coupling with said external machine thread 21, allowing a rotation and consequent advancement and retraction of said ring nut 22 with respect to said machine support structure 19 or said second half-chamber 6.

[0203] Said ring nut comprises a ring nut flange 25 comprising a ring nut through-hole 26.

[0204] Said ring nut through-hole 26 is delimited by a ring nut edge T1 comprising a snap- fit coupling protuberance 28.

[0205] Said movable carriage 14 comprises a snap-fit coupling seat 29.

[0206] Said movable carriage 14 is snap-fitted with its snap-fit coupling seat 29 housed in said snap-fit coupling protuberance 28, coupling said movable carriage 14 with said ring nut 22, so that, by rotating said ring nut 22, said movable carriage 14 moves from said first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10 to said second position in which said valve device 11 is moved away from said outlet passage 10.

[0207] In accordance with one embodiment, said ring nut 22 comprises at least one centering and guide arm 30, preferably but not necessarily three centering and guide arms 30.

[0208] Said centering and guide arms 30 project cantilevered from said ring nut 22, when said ring nut 22 is decoupled from the machine 1.

[0209] Said centering and guide arms 30 each comprise a respective outer arm surface 31. According to one embodiment, all of said outer arm surfaces 31 lie on the same cylindrical surface, allowing the rotation of the ring nut 22 guided in a preferably cylindrical seat.

[0210] According to one embodiment, at least one of said centering and guide arms 30 comprises a limit switch protuberance 32 which extends radially to said cylindrical surface.

[0211] Said limit switch protuberance 32 is at least partially housed in a stroke delimitation slot 33 provided in said machine support structure 19 or in said second half-chamber 6; this stroke delimitation slot 33 determines the extent of the rotational stroke of said ring nut 22 when coupledto said machine 1.

[0212] According to one embodiment, when the rotation of the ring nut 22 is forced beyond a predefined stress limit, said centering and guide arms 30 deform elastically, allowing said limit switch protuberance 32 to escape from the respective stroke delimitation slot 33, allowing the ring nut 22 to be decoupled from the machine support structure 19 or second half-chamber 6.

[0213] According to one embodiment, said machine support structure 19 or second halfchamber 6 comprises at least one cam 34.

[0214] Said machine 1 comprises at least one carriage movement ring 35.

[0215] Said ring 35 comprises at least one cam follower 36 which couples with said cam 34 to slide guided by said cam 34.

[0216] Said ring nut 35 comprises a mobile carriage support 37.

[0217] Said machine 1 comprises a constraint flange 38 which constrains said movable carriage 14 to said ring nut 35, allowing their relative rotation.

[0218] Said mobile carriage 14 comprises at least one carriage slot 39.

[0219] Said machine 1 comprises at least one guide and anti-rotation element 40 inserted in said carriage slot 39 and fixed to said machine support structure 19 or second half-chamber 6, preventing rotation of said movable carriage 14 but allowing its translation so that, by rotating said ring nut 35, said movable carriage 14 translates from said first position in which said valve device11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10 to said second position in which said valve device 11 is moved away from said outlet passage 10.

[0220] In accordance with one embodiment, said cam 34 has a separation end path 41 for the separation of said transferor 36 and the disassembly of the ring nut 35 from said machine support structure 19 or second half-chamber 6.

[0221] In accordance with one embodiment, said valve device 11 comprises a membrane12 or rubber pad or disc, for example silicone rubber, similar to elastomeric or plastic rubber having a through slot or an orifice 13, said through slot 13 being narrow and formed in the body of the membrane 12.

[0222] Said through-slot 13 connects an upper surface of a first membrane side 16 to a lower surface or second membrane side 17.

[0223] When no axial pressure is applied to the membrane 12, i.e. transverse to said membrane 12, the through slit 13 creates a hermetic seal, while if an axial pressure is applied, such as the pressure of the percolation fluids extracted from the ground coffee, a portion of the membrane 12 deforms and the through slit 13 widens slightly, thus allowing the passage of thepercolation liquids, i.e. the beverage 8.

[0224] According to one embodiment, said valve device 11 comprises at least one membrane 12 or rubber or rubber-like disc having a through slit 13 with a very small diameter, for example in the order of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, when it is open.

[0225] According to one embodiment, said valve device 11 comprises at least one membrane 12 or rubber or rubber-like disc having a through slit 13 with an elongated shape, i.e. with a prevalent longitudinal extension, and a very small transverse extension to its longitudinal extension, for example in the order of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, when said through slit 13 is open.

[0226] It has been found that the forced passage of the extracted coffee greatly increases the density and stability of the cream. This effect is very advantageous because, through the integration of a light and simple device, it is possible to obtain an important effect that characterizes the quality of an espresso coffee beverage.

[0227] According to one embodiment, the resilient material of the membrane 12 is chosen from the group comprising rubbers, elastomers, and flexible plastics.

[0228] According to one embodiment, the through slit 13 opens when the pressure of the beverage or extract fluid 8 exceeds a first structurally predetermined value, in which a passage channel, or atmospheric pressure bypass for the beverage 8, is arranged in parallel to the valve device 11 and can be opened or closed depending on the type of beverage, for example, whether espresso or drip.

[0229] According to one embodiment, when the valve device 11 is in the closed position, i.e. when in a first position in which the valve device 11 cooperates with the outlet passage 10 to seal the outlet passage 10, the membrane 12 rests tightly against the second piercing device 9 so as to hermetically seal the outlet passage 10.

[0230] According to one embodiment, when said valve device 11 is in the closed position, i.e. when in a first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10, said membrane 12 rests tightly against said machine support structure 19 or said second half-chamber 6.

[0231] According to one embodiment, said movable carriage 14 comprises a membrane seat 42 to firmly and partially or entirely accommodate said membrane 12.

[0232] According to one embodiment, said membrane 12 comprises at least one peduncle that projects by firmly inserting itself into at least one well seat 43 provided in said mobile carriage 14.

[0233] According to one embodiment, said machine support structure 19 or said secondsemi-chamber 6 comprises a cylindrical mobile carriage seat 44.

[0234] Said mobile carriage 14 is free to slide in said cylindrical mobile carriage seat 44.

[0235] According to one embodiment, said movable carriage 14 comprises a carriage sealing seat 45 which houses a carriage sealing device 46, for example a lip seal 47 or an O-Ring 48, which allows a seal between said machine support structure 19, or said second half-chamber 6, and said movable carriage 14.

[0236] According to one embodiment, said mobile carriage 14 comprises a mobile carriage fluid passage 50.

[0237] Said mobile carriage fluid passage 50 comprises flow breaker baffles 49 suitable for avoiding splashes and foam deterioration.

[0238] In accordance with one embodiment, said mobile carriage 14 comprises a mobile carriage fluid passage 50.

[0239] Said mobile carriage fluid passage 50 comprises obstacles to the flow of fluid, or flow breaker baffles 49, formed on its internal surface or mounted on it, to interrupt the direct flow of fluid passing through said mobile carriage fluid passage 50.

[0240] According to one embodiment, said substance 2 is a particulate substance and said particulate substance is chosen from the group comprising: ground coffee, roasted ground coffee, instant coffee, tea, powdered chocolate, powdered milk, infusions or instant soups.

[0241] The present invention also refers to a method for adjusting a machine 1 by switching from an "espresso" to a "drip" extraction. This method includes the following steps:

[0242] - providing a machine 1 according to any of the embodiments described above;

[0243] - controlling the adjustment device 15 to verify that said mobile carriage 14 is in said first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10 when said valve device 11 is not open under pressure of said extract fluid 8.

[0244] In accordance with a possible method, said method comprises the further steps of:

[0245] - moving the adjustment device 15 to bring said movable carriage 14 into a second position in which said valve device 11 is moved away from said outlet passage 10 to allow a free flow of fluid regardless of the pressure of said extract fluid 8.

[0246] In accordance with a method of execution in which a "drip" type extraction is switched to an "espresso" type, said method includes the following steps:

[0247] - moving the adjustment device 15 to bring said movable carriage 14 into said first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10 when said valve device 11 is not open under the pressure of said extracted fluid 8.REFERENCES1 machine for extracting a beverage2 substance from which to extract a beverage, for example a particulate substance3 single-dose capsule4 extraction chamber5 first semi-chamber (fluid inflow)6 second semi-chamber (fluid outflow)7 first piercing device8 beverage or extract fluid9 second piercing device10 outlet passage or central through-hole11 valve device12 membrane13 through slot or orifice14 mobile cart15 adjustment device16 first membrane side or upstream side of the extract flow17 second membrane side or downstream side18 filter holder arm19 machine support structure20 tubular extension of the machine21 external machine thread22 ring nut23 ring nut tubular extension24 internal ring nut thread25 ring nut flange26 ring nut through holeT1 ring nut edge28 snap-fit coupling protuberance29 snap-fit coupling seat30 centering and guide arms31 outer surface of the armlimit switch protuberance stroke delimitation slot cam trolley movement ring or ring yielding mobile trolley support constraint flange carriage slot guide and anti-rotation element cam separation end path membrane seat well seat cylindrical seat of mobile carriage carriage sealing seat carriage sealing device lip sealO-Ring flow breaker septa mobile carriage fluid passage cutting element a portion of the end of the cutting element narrow edge or knife with a tapered portion in a circular arc body of the second perforation device outer wall of the body inner wall of the body diametrical channel side wall of through hole inlet opening edge outlet opening edge plate stem extraction chamber through openingannular stem seat stem O-ring external stem thread opening in cutting element cylindrical wall portion flattened end portion outer capsule wall internal capsule filter intersection edges capsule inlet openings capsule outlet openings

Claims

CLAIMS1. Machine (1) for extracting a beverage, or extract fluid (8), from a substance (2) contained in a capsule, for example a single-dose capsule (3), said machine (1) comprising: at least one extraction chamber (4); said extraction chamber (4) comprising two half-chambers (5, 6) that can move away from each other to move into an open configuration in which said singledose capsule (3) can be inserted at least in one of said half-chambers (5, 6) to then be enclosed in said extraction chamber (4) when said half-chambers (5, 6) approach each other in a second closed configuration; a first piercing device (7) associated with a first half-chamber (5) to pierce said single-dose capsule (3) and create an inflow of extraction fluid into said single-dose capsule (3), to create an extraction of said extracted fluid (8) from said substance (2) contained in said single-dose capsule (3), when said single-dose capsule (3) is enclosed in said half-chambers (5, 6) in said second closed configuration; a second piercing device (9) associated with the other of said half-chambers (6), or second halfchamber (6), to pierce said single-dose capsule (3) and create, in a beverage extraction phase, an outflow of extract fluid (8) from said single-dose capsule (3) when enclosed in said half-chambers (5, 6) in said second closed configuration; an outlet passage (10) located downstream of said second piercing device (9) through which said extracted fluid (8) passes during said beverage extraction phase; wherein said at least one second piercing device (9) comprises at least one cutting element (51); wherein said at least one cutting element (51) comprises a cutting element end portion (52); wherein said cutting element end portion (52) is tapered and ends with a narrow edge or tapered portion knife (53); said narrow edge or tapered portion knife (53) has a circular arc shape; and wherein the narrowed edge or tapered portion knife (53) at least partially surrounds said outlet passage (10) or through hole or outflow hole; and wherein said at least one outlet passage (10) is a single outlet passage (10) and said outlet passage (10) is separated from said at least one cutting element (51).

2. Machine (1), according to claim 1, wherein said at least one second perforation device (9) comprises a second perforation device body (54) shaped as a portion of an internally hollow truncated-cone-shaped bodycone; wherein said second perforation device body (54) comprises an outer body wall (55) shaped as a portion of the outer surface of a truncated cone and an inner body wall (56) tapered towards a said narrow edge or tapered portion knife (53).

3. Machine (1), according to claim 2, wherein said second perforation device body (54) is diametrically cut by a diametrical channel (57) which forms two opposing cutting elements (51) in said second perforation device body (54) that at least partially surround said outlet passage (10) or central through-hole (10).

4. Machine (1), according to claim 3, wherein said second perforation device body (54) has the intersection edges (72) given by the intersection between said cutting elements (51) and said diametrical channel (57) which are rounded or flared; and / or where the walls delimiting said diametrical channel (57) are inclined towards said outlet passage (10) or central through-hole (10); and / or where the walls delimiting said diametrical channel (57) are inclined and converging towards said outlet passage (10) or central through-hole (10).

5. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one outlet passage (10) or through-hole is only one, i.e. a single outlet passage (10) or single through-hole (10); or said at least one outlet passage (10) or through-hole is a single through-hole (10) located in the center of said second perforation device (9); and / or where said at least one outlet passage (10) or through-hole (10) is delimited by a through-hole side wall (58) which ends with an inlet opening edge (59) and an outlet opening edge (60).

6. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said second perforation device (9) is a piece with said second extraction half-chamber (6); or where said second perforation device (9) is a separate piece with respect to said second extraction halfchamber (6).

7. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, whereinsaid second perforation device (9) comprises a plate (61) from which said at least one cutting element (51) projects; and wherein said second perforation device (9) comprises a stem (62) which projects from said plate (61) and delimits said outlet passage (10) or through hole (10); and / or where said second perforation device (9) comprises a plate (61) from which said at least one cutting element (51) projects; and wherein said at least one cutting element (52) has its base portion protruding at least partially from said plate (61); and / or where said plate (61) constitutes a stop element for supporting said second perforation device (9) abutting on the bottom of said second extraction half-chamber (6).

8. Machine (1), according to the preceding claim, in which said stem (62) is inserted into a through opening of the extraction chamber (63) provided in the bottom wall of the second extraction half-chamber (6); and / or where said stem (62) is sealingly inserted into a through opening of the extraction chamber (63) provided in the bottom wall of the second extraction half-chamber (6); and / or where said stem (62) has an annular stem seat (64) which receives a stem O-Ring (65); or where said stem (62) comprises an annular stem seat (64) which receives a "C" shaped clip made of elastic material which constantly stresses the cylindrical wall portion (68) to keep said second piercing device (9) in position but free to rotate inside the cylindrical wall portion (68); or where said stem (62) has an external stem thread (66) and said stem (62) is screwed into said through opening of the extraction chamber (63) until said plate (61) abuts against said bottom wall of the second extraction semi-chamber (6).

9. Machine (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one cutting element (52) extends from 15% to 85%, preferably from 15% to 40%, even more preferably from 30% to 40% of the extension of the plate.

10. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one cutting element (52) comprises at least one opening in the cutting element (67) which forms a recess or a groove or a channel in said cutting element (52); and / or where said at least one cutting element (52) comprises at least one opening in the cutting element (67) which forms a partial cut-away in said cutting element (52); and / or wherein said at least one cutting element (52) comprises at least one opening in the cutting element (67); said opening in the cutting element (67) has a cylindrical portion shape; and / or where said at least one cutting element (52) comprises at least one opening in the cutting element (67); said opening in the cutting element (67) is obtained in an inner body wall (56) of the body of the second piercing device (54); and / or where said at least one cutting element (52) comprises at least one opening in the cutting element (67); said opening in the cutting element (67) is obtained in an inner wall of the body (56) of the second piercing device body (54) facing the outlet passage (10) or through hole (10); and / or where said at least one cutting element (52) comprises at least one opening in the cutting element (67); said opening in the cutting element (67) extends along a direction parallel to the direction of extension of said outlet passage (10) and / or where said at least one cutting element (52) comprises at least one opening in the cutting element (67); said at least one opening in the cutting element (67) are two openings in the cutting element (67) for each cutting element (51); and / or where said at least one cutting element (52) comprises at least one cutting element opening (67); wherein said at least one cutting element (52) are two opposing cutting elements (52) each with at least one cutting element opening (67); and / or where said at least one cutting element (52) comprises at least one opening in the cutting element (67); wherein said at least one cutting element (52) are two opposing cutting elements (52) each with at least two openings in the cutting element (67) for each cutting element (51).

11. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, whereinsaid narrow edge or knife with a circular arc shape (53) is delimited: externally by a portion of the wall with a truncated cone shape; internally by an internal wall converging towards said outlet passage or through hole (10); and / or wherein said narrow edge or knife with a circular arc shape (53) is delimited: externally by a portion of the wall with a truncated cone shape; internally by an internal wall converging towards said outlet passage or through-hole (10) in which the internal wall section next to the narrow edge or knife with a circle arc shape (53) has a cylindrical wall portion (68);12. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the narrow edge or knife with a circle arc shape (53) is delimited by a flattened end portion (69); and / or wherein the restricted edge or knife with a circle arc shape (53) is delimited by a flattened end portion (69); said flattened end portion (69) comprises an extension between 5% and 80%, preferably between 5% and 40%, preferably between 5% and 10% of the parallel base extension of the at least one cutting element (51).

13. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one cutting element (51) has an annular shape and completely surrounds said outlet passage or through hole (10).

14. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second piercing device (9) comprises said cutting element (53) of a height suitable for tearing an outer capsule wall (70) and deforming without tearing an inner capsule filter (71) suitable for filtering a particulate substance such as ground coffee.

15. Spent capsule (3), in which the openings (81) left by the first piercing devices (7) of a machine (1) are obtained on one of its portions, according to any of the preceding claims, in which said openings are capsule inlet openings (81) and have a circular shape.

16. Spent capsule (3), according to claim 13, wherein said capsule inlet openings (81) are three in number and are arranged at the vertices of a theoretical triangle.

17. Spent capsule (3), in which the openings (82) left by the second piercing devices (9) of a machine (1) are obtained on one of its portions, according to any of the preceding claims, in which said openings are at least one capsule outlet opening (82) and have the shape of at least one circular arc slot.

18. Spent capsule (3), in which the openings (82) left by the second piercing devices (9) of a machine (1) are obtained on one of its portions, according to any of the preceding claims, in which said openings are two capsule outlet openings (82) and have the shape of circle arc slots with the concavities facing each other.

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