Base station and wireless communication method

Abstract

A base station according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by being a second base station when bistatic sensing from a first base station to the second base station is applied, the second base station comprising: a reception unit that receives a setting related to sensing measurement, and receives a sensing signal which is transmitted from the first base station and affected by a target; and a control unit that controls measurement and reporting based on the sensing signal, on the basis of the setting. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, wireless sensing can be appropriately performed.

Description

Base station and wireless communication method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a base station and a wireless communication method in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] Wireless sensing is being considered in future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR).

[0006] However, the details of wireless sensing configuration, measurement, and reporting have not been fully considered. If the details of wireless sensing are not clear, there is a risk that sensing quality and communication quality will be degraded.

[0007] Therefore, one object of the present disclosure is to provide a base station and a wireless communication method that perform wireless sensing appropriately.

[0008] A base station according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized in that, when bistatic sensing from a first base station to a second base station is applied, the second base station has a receiving unit that receives settings related to sensing measurements and receives sensing signals transmitted from the first base station and affected by a target, and a control unit that controls measurements and reports based on the sensing signals based on the settings.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, wireless sensing can be performed appropriately.

[0010] FIG. 1 shows an example of an NR positioning architecture. FIG. 2 shows an example of a location service sequence. FIG. 3 shows an example of version support for multiple positioning methods. FIG. 4A shows an example of monostatic sensing at a BS. FIG. 4B shows an example of monostatic sensing at a UE. FIG. 5A shows an example of BS (gNB)-BS (gNB) bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing. FIG. 5B shows an example of UE-BS (gNB) bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing. FIG. 5C shows an example of BS (gNB)-UE bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing. FIG. 5D shows an example of UE-UE bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing. FIG. 6 shows an example of an association between options 1 and 2 of embodiment A. FIG. 7 shows an example of a sensing architecture according to embodiment B. FIG. 8 shows an example of a sensing architecture according to a combination of embodiments B and C. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a combination of option 1 and option 3 according to a second embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a combination of option 1 and option 4 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a combination of option 2 and option 3 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a combination of option 2 and option 4 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a combination of option 1 and option 3 according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a combination of option 1 and option 4 according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a combination of option 2 and option 3 according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a combination of option 2 and option 4 according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (Location Services: 5G System (5GS) Location Services (LCS) / Architecture Model and Concepts / Functional description of LCS per network function) In this disclosure, the following abbreviations may be used. - 5G Core Network: 5GC, 5GCN - 5G System: 5GS - (Radio) Access Network: (R)AN - Next Generation-Radio Access Network: NG-RAN - Access and Mobility Management Function: AMF - Location Management Function: LMF - Non-3GPP InterWorking Function: N3IWF - Mobile Originated Location Request: MO-LR - Mobile Terminated Location Request: MT-LR - Network Induced Location Request: NI-LR - Gateway Mobile Location Center: GMLC - Network Exposure Function: NEF - Public Land Mobile Network: PLMN - Trusted Non-3GPP Access Network: TNAN - Internet Protocol: IP - IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) - Unified Data Management (UDM) - Unified Data Repository (UDR) - Quality of Service: QoS

[0012] The 5G system architecture includes the following service-based interfaces: Namf: A service-based interface presented by the AMF. Nnef: A service-based interface presented by the NEF.

[0013] The 5GS LCS architecture includes the following service-based interfaces for Location Services: Nlmf: A service-based interface presented by the LMF. Ngmlc: A service-based interface presented by the GMLC.

[0014] The 5G system architecture includes the following reference points: N1: Reference point between the UE and the AMF. N2: Reference point between the (R)AN and the AMF.

[0015] The NG-RAN node is a gNB or an ng-eNB. The gNB is a node that provides protocol termination of the NR user plane and control plane for the UE and is connected to the 5GC via the NG interface. The ng-eNB is a node that provides protocol termination of the E-UTRA user plane and control plane for the UE and is connected to the 5GC via the NG interface.

[0016] The gNB may provide measurement information for the target UE and convey this information to the LMF. To support NR RAT-dependent positioning, the gNB may perform measurements of radio signals for the target UE and provide measurement results for position estimation.

[0017] The ng-eNB may provide measurements for location estimation, provide measurement information for the target UE, and convey these measurements to the LMF. The ng-eNB performs the measurements upon request (on-demand or periodic) from the LMF. The ng-eNB may provide multiple TPs. The ng-eNB may broadcast the Assistance Data information received from the LMF in Positioning System Information messages.

[0018] The UE may perform measurements on DL signals from the NG-RAN and other sources such as E-UTRAN, different GNSS and TBS systems, WLAN access points, Bluetooth beacons, and UE barometric and motion sensors. The measurements performed are determined by the selected positioning method. The UE may, for example, include an independent positioning capability (e.g., global positioning systems (GPS)) that allows it to report its location independent of NG-RAN transmissions. A UE with independent positioning capability may utilize assistance information obtained from the network.

[0019] The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) contains the functions responsible for managing the positioning of target UEs for all types of location requests. The AMF has access to the GMLC and NEF via the Namf interface, to the RAN via the N2 reference point, and to the UE via the N1 reference point. Functions performed by the AMF to support location services include: - The AMF initiates NI-LR location requests for UEs making IMS emergency calls or to know the UE geographical area for NE satellite access for PLMN selection verification. - The AMF receives and manages location requests for periodic location events, triggered location events, and UE-available location events from the GMLC for 5GC-MT-LR and delayed 5GC-MT-LR. - The AMF receives and manages location requests for 5GC-MO-LR from the UE. - The AMF receives and manages event publication requests for location information from the NEF. - The AMF selects an LMF. - The AMF receives updated privacy requirements from the UE and forwards them to the UDR via the UDM. - The AMF supports cancellation of periodic or triggered location reporting for the target UE. - The AMF supports change of serving LMF for periodic or triggered location reporting for the target UE. - If assistance data is broadcast by 5GS using an encrypted form, the AMF receives an ciphering key from the LMF and forwards it to appropriately subscribed UEs using mobility management procedures. - The AMF stores the UE positioning capabilities received from the LMF and sends it to the LMF together with the received location request.

[0020] The Location Management Function (LMF) manages the support of different location services for the target UE, including UE positioning and delivery of assistance data to the UE. The LMF may interact with the serving gNB or eNB to obtain location measurements for the UE, including UL measurements made by the NG-RAN and DL measurements made by the UE and provided to the NG-RAN as part of other functions, such as for handover.

[0021] The LMF manages all standby coordination and scheduling of resources required for the location of UEs registering to or accessing the 5GCN. It may also calculate or verify estimates of the final location and any velocity, and estimate the achieved accuracy. The LMF receives location requests for target UEs from the serving AMF using the Nlmf interface. The LMF interacts with the UE for location information exchange, which applies to UE-assisted and UE-based positioning methods, and interacts with the NG-RAN, N3IWF, or TNAN to obtain location information.

[0022] Additional functions that may be performed by the LMF to support location services include: The LMF supports a request for a single location received from the serving AMF for the target UE. The LMF supports a request for periodic or triggered location received from the serving AMF for the target UE. The LMF determines the type and number of positioning methods and procedures based on the UE, PLMN capabilities, QoS, UE connectivity state per access type, LCS client type, coordinate type, and optionally, service type, and an indication of requiring reliable UE location information. The LMF reports UE location estimates directly to the GMLC for periodic or triggered location of the target UE. The LMF supports cancellation of periodic or triggered location for the target UE. 。 The LMF supports the provision of broadcast assistance data via the NG-RAN using encrypted or unencrypted form and the transfer of ciphering keys to authorized UEs via the AMF. - The LMF supports the change of serving LMF for periodic or triggered location reporting for a target UE. - The LMF supports the reception of stored UE positioning capabilities from the AMF and the provision of updated UE positioning capabilities to the AMF. - The LMF maps the UE location to geographical areas where the PLMN is authorized or not authorized to operate based on a request from the AMF. - The LMF supports the determination of the UE location at the scheduled location time. - The LMF decides whether to use the user plane or the control plane for positioning.- The LMF supports handling of 5GC-MT-LR, 5GC-NI-LR, 5GC-MO-LR, and delayed 5GC-MT-LR for periodic or triggered locations across the user plane connection between the UE and the LMF.

[0023] (NR Positioning Architecture: Stage 2 functional specification of UE positioning in NG-RAN / NG-RAN UE Positioning Architecture) In this disclosure, the following abbreviations may be used: Distribution Unit: DU Transmission / Reception Point: TRP Transmission Point: TP Reception Point: RP Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Centre: E-SMLC Secure User Plane Location: SUPL SUPL Location Platform: SLP SUPL Enabled Terminal: SET Non-Access Stratum: NAS

[0024] Figure 1 shows an example of an architecture (NR positioning architecture) in 5GS applicable to the positioning of UEs using NR or E-UTRA access. In the case of a split gNB architecture as in this example, the gNB-DU may include a TRP function, and the TRP function may support functions for a TP, a RP, or both a TP and a RP. A gNB-DU including a TRP function does not need to provide cell services. The NG-RAN includes an ng-eNB and a gNB.

[0025] The AMF receives a request for some location services associated with a specific target UE from another entity (e.g., a GLMC or a UE), or the AMF itself decides to initiate some location services on behalf of a specific target UE (e.g., for an IMS emergency call from the UE). The AMF then sends a location service request to the LMF. The LMF processes the location service request, which may include at least one of transferring assistance data to the target UE to assist in UE-based / UE-assisted positioning and positioning the target UE. The LMF then returns the result of the location service (e.g., a position estimate for the UE) to the AMF.

[0026] The NR-Uu interface (UE-UTRA radio interface), which wirelessly connects the UE to the gNB, is used as one of several transport links for the NR positioning protocol for target UEs using NR access to the NG-RAN.

[0027] The LTE-Uu interface (radio interface), which wirelessly connects the UE to the ng-eNB, is used as one of several transport links for the LTE positioning protocol for target UEs with LTE access to the NG-RAN.

[0028] The NG-C interface between the gNB and the AMF, and between the ng-eNB and the AMF, is transparent to all UE positioning-related procedures. The NG-C interface is involved in these procedures only as a transport link for the NR positioning protocol.

[0029] The NL1 interface between the LMF and AMF is transparent to all UEs, gNBs, and ng-eNBs involved in the positioning procedure. The NL1 interface is only used as a transport link between the LPP and NRPPa.

[0030] As shown in Figure 2, the overall sequence of events for location services, which applies to the UE, NG-RAN, and LMF, follows several steps: 1a. Some entity in the 5GC (e.g., GMLC) requests some location services (e.g., positioning) for the target UE from the serving AMF. 1b. Or, the serving AMF for the target UE determines that some location services are needed (e.g., to locate the UE for an emergency call). 1c. Or, the UE requests some location services from the serving AMF at the NAS level. 2. The AMF forwards the location service request to the LMF. 3a. 5a. If step 1a was performed, the AMF returns a location service response to the 5GC entity in step 1a, including any required results (e.g., a location estimate for the UE). 5b ... If step 1b is performed, the AMF uses the location service response received in step 4 to support the service that triggered it in step 1b (e.g., it may provide a location estimate associated with the emergency call to the GMLC). - 5c. If step 1c is performed, the AMF returns a location service response to the UE, including any required results (e.g., a location estimate of the UE).

[0031] (NR Positioning Protocol: Stage 2 functional specification of UE positioning in NG-RAN / Signalling protocols and interfaces) In this disclosure, the following abbreviations may be used: Enhanced Cell-ID (positioning method): E-CID Observed Time Difference Of Arrival: OTDOA Multi-Round Trip Time: Multi-RTT Uplink Angle of Arrival: UL-AoA Azimuth-Angle of Arrival: A-AoA Zenith-Angle of Arrival: Z-AoA Uplink Time Difference of Arrival: UL-TDOA Downlink Time Difference of Arrival: DL-TDOA Downlink Angle-of-Departure: DL-AoD Wireless local area network: WLAN Terrestrial beacon system: TBS Metropolitan Beacon System: MBS Positioning Reference Signal: PRS User Plane Location Protocol: ULP

[0032] The NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) conveys information between NG-RAN nodes and LMF. It is used to support the following positioning functions: - E-CID for E-UTRA, where measurements are forwarded from the ng-eNB to the LMF. - Data collection from the ng-eNB or gNB for support of OTDOA for E-UTRA. - Acquisition of cell ID and cell portion ID from the gNB for support of the NR cell ID positioning method. - Exchange of information between the LMF and NG-RAN nodes for the purpose of broadcasting assistance data. - NR E-CID, where measurements are forwarded from the gNB to the LMF. - NR Multi-RTT, where measurements are forwarded from the gNB to the LMF. - NR UL-AoA, where measurements are forwarded from the gNB to the LMF. - NR UL-TDOA, where measurements are forwarded from the gNB to the LMF. - Data collection from the gNB for support of DL-TDOA, DL-AoD, multi-RTT, UL-TDOA, UL-AoA. - Measurement pre-configuration information transfer, which allows the LMF to request NG-RAN nodes to pre-configure and activate / deactivate measurement gaps / PRS processing windows.

[0033] The LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) is terminated between the target device (UE in the control plane case or SET in the user plane case) and the positioning server (LMF in the control plane case or SLP in the user plane case).

[0034] The LPP protocol aims to enable NR and LTE positioning using multiple different positioning methods while separating the details of any particular positioning method from the details of the underlying transport.

[0035] LPP procedures involve multiple message or one or more "unsolicited" message request / response pairings. Each procedure has a single purpose (e.g., transfer of Assistance Data, exchange of LPP-related capabilities, or positioning of a target device according to some QoS and one or more positioning method specifications). To achieve more complex purposes (e.g., transfer of Assistance Data and exchange of LPP-related capabilities, positioning of a target device), multiple procedures can be used in series / parallel. Multiple procedures also allow for more than one positioning attempt at the same time (e.g., to obtain a coarse location estimate using low latency and a more accurate location estimate using high latency).

[0036] 3 illustrates an example of an LPP configuration for control plane and user plane alignment in an E-UTRAN or NG-RAN. The LPP is used point-to-point between a location server (E-SMLC, LMF, or SLP) and a target device (UE or SET) to determine the location of the target device using location-related measurements obtained from one or more reference sources.

[0037] NB-IoT is a non-backward compatible variant of E-UTRAN that omits some of its features. Procedures and messages specified for UEs also apply to NB-IoT UEs.

[0038] (Wireless sensing technology) Sensing technologies that use radio waves (wireless sensing technology, object detection, etc.) are being studied. Wireless sensing technology is thought to have the following advantages over other sensing technologies: - Sensing that uses moving images or infrared rays is only applicable to specific directions, whereas wireless sensing technology is not limited to a specific direction and can make use of characteristics such as diffraction. - Wireless sensing technology can be implemented at a low cost compared to moving image capture functions.

[0039] With wireless sensing technology, sensing results can be collected at a base station (BS), and the collected information can be used to generate advanced cyberspace, or to provide feedback to the real world.

[0040] Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) The motivation for ISAC is to achieve high sensing performance and new / extended services by using various frequencies and cellular network equipment, and to optimize network parameters by analyzing real-time sensing data. Use cases and possible requirements for extending 5G systems to provide sensing services to address different target industries / applications are considered, and some use cases may also include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, camera).

[0041] For example, use case 1 is sensing for tourist destination traffic management. For example, use case 2 is intruder detection in a smart home environment.

[0042] ISAC considers sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing. Sensing-assisted communication includes sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation. Communication-assisted sensing includes network sensing and coordinated sensing. To achieve these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are considered. Furthermore, shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC are considered, including higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing.

[0043] In ISAC, the challenges are unified waveforms that simultaneously meet the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously realizes communication (e.g., transmit signals, receive signals) and sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmit signals, reflected signals) through beamforming, and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI that uses AI / DL networks to extract sensing information from channel information for communication (e.g., UL transmit signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals).

[0044] Three types of radar and communication systems have been considered based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bandwidth. The three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). In the following, we focus on ISAC systems, in which hardware and bandwidth are shared between the radar and communication systems.

[0045] Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BSs and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radars, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and receives echoes from a sensing target, and bistatic / multistatic radars, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from a sensing target.

[0046] Independent systems use separate hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications, which may be co-located or located at separate locations.

[0047] A joint system uses the same hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0048] The integrated system uses the same hardware and the same frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0049] <Sensing Method> In the ISAC system, sensing may be achieved by, for example, the following six methods: In this disclosure, a target (sensing target) may be a person, an animal, or an object (e.g., a car, rain, other obstacles, etc.). The target may be different for each use case.

[0050] [Sensing method 1] Monostatic sensing at BS (gNB).

[0051] The example of Figure 4A is monostatic sensing at the BS. In this example, the sensing transceiver is the BS. The sensing transceiver transmits a sensing signal / ISAC signal (DL signal) and receives an echo signal (UL signal) from the target. The BS may also transmit a communication signal / ISAC signal to the UE. The UE may receive the communication signal / ISAC signal from the BS and feed back the reception result to the BS.

[0052] [Sensing Method 2] Monostatic sensing at the UE.

[0053] The example of Figure 4B is monostatic sensing in a UE. In this example, the sensing transceiver is the UE. The sensing transceiver transmits a sensing signal / ISAC signal (UL signal) and receives an echo signal (DL signal) from the target. The UE transmits a communication signal / ISAC signal to the BS. The BS receives the communication signal / ISAC signal from the UE and may feed back the reception result to the UE.

[0054] Scenarios suitable for Sensing Methods 1 and 2 include sensing targets close to the sensing transceiver (BS or UE), high or medium signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the echo signal, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. Capability requirements for Sensing Methods 1 and 2 include full duplex (a high requirement) at the BS or UE. Sensing performance of Sensing Methods 1 and 2 includes high accuracy due to no quantization, accuracy related to the SNR of the echo signal, and low latency.

[0055] The following sensing methods 3 to 6 relate to bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing in a BS / UE. A sensing transmitter transmits a communication signal, and a sensing receiver receives the signal affected by an object. In this example, the sensing transmitter is a BS or a UE, and the sensing receiver is an associated BS or an associated UE.

[0056] [Sensing method 3] Bistatic / multistatic sensing between gNBs.

[0057] The example in Figure 5A is bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between BS (gNB) and BS (gNB). At the base station side, signal transmission (DL) is performed, and at another base station side, sensing of echo / reflection (UL) from the target is performed.

[0058] Scenarios suitable for Sensing Method 3 include very tight synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. The capability requirements for Sensing Method 3 include half-duplex (low requirement) and synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs (high requirement). The sensing performance of Sensing Method 3 includes high accuracy without quantization, accuracy related to synchronization error, and medium latency.

[0059] [Sensing method 4] Bistatic / multistatic sensing between UE and gNB.

[0060] The example of Figure 5B is bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between a UE and a BS (gNB). At the UE side, signal transmission (UL) is performed, and at the base station side, sensing of echoes / reflections (UL) from targets is performed. This signal / echo / reflection may be referred to as an UL sensing resource.

[0061] [Sensing method 5] Bistatic / multistatic sensing between gNB and UE.

[0062] The example of Figure 5C is bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between BS (gNB) and UE. Signal transmission (DL) is performed on the base station side, and sensing of echo / reflection (DL) from the target is performed on the UE side. This signal / echo / reflection may be called a DL sensing resource.

[0063] [Sensing Method 6] Bistatic / multistatic sensing between UEs.

[0064] The example of Fig. 5D is UE-to-UE bistatic / multistatic sensing, where a signal is transmitted (UL) at a UE side, and an echo / reflection (DL) from an object is sensed at another UE side.

[0065] Scenarios suitable for Sensing Methods 4 to 6 include UEs communicating around the sensing target. The performance requirements for Sensing Methods 4 to 6 are half-duplex (low requirement) and UEs with high computational resources (high requirement). The performance requirements for Sensing Methods 5 and 6 may further include UEs with high computational resources / detection of reflected signals (high requirement). The sensing performance of Sensing Methods 4 to 6 includes medium accuracy due to quantization of feedback values, accuracy related to deployed resources and UE location, and high latency.

[0066] The echo / reflection signal may be an echo / reflection signal of a communication signal or an echo / reflection signal of a radar signal.

[0067] <Key performance indicators (KPIs) for sensing (from a use case perspective)> ISAC's KPIs are the area or range coverage of the sensing service, resolution (distance / speed), latency, refreshing rate, probability of non-detection or detection, confidence level, and false detection.

[0068] The positioning KPIs considered were location accuracy, velocity accuracy, heading accuracy, timestamp accuracy, availability, latency, time to first decision, update rate, power consumption, energy per decision, and system scalability.

[0069] Different KPIs may be applied to different use cases. Some KPIs for sensing and positioning may be the same. The same KPIs may be applied to at least some of the use cases in sensing and positioning. Therefore, the design for NR positioning may serve as a baseline for sensing.

[0070] (Analysis) WLAN sensing (IEEE 802.11bf) can measure and report complete CSI in the sub-7 GHz frequency band, as well as channel impulse response (CIR) and range-Doppler angle (RDA) maps in the 60 GHz band for sensing purposes. NR positioning defines multiple protocols (LPP and NRPPa) with dedicated measurements for UE positioning.

[0071] Unlike NR positioning, which uses delays and angles, it is also being considered to use CSI (or variations thereof) for sensing. It is also being considered to use existing CSI measurement reports for communication for sensing as well, for flexible resource utilization.

[0072] However, the details of the setting / measurement / reporting procedures for wireless sensing (e.g., wireless sensing for ISAC systems) have not been fully considered. If the details of wireless sensing are not clear, there is a risk that the sensing quality / communication quality will be degraded.

[0073] Therefore, the present inventors came up with an idea of ​​a method for appropriately performing wireless sensing.

[0074] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0075] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0076] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0077] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0078] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0079] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0080] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0081] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0082] In the present disclosure, the sensing transmitter may be a BS / UE / wireless communication device. In the present disclosure, the sensing receiver may be a BS / UE / wireless communication device. In the present disclosure, the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be one BS / UE / sensing transceiver / wireless communication device.

[0083] In the present disclosure, sensing, wireless sensing, and measurement may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, measurement value, measurement result, and sensing information may be interchangeable.

[0084] In the present disclosure, sensing target, target, target, non-UE target, UE target, and sensing target may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, a sensing target may or may not have communication capability. In the present disclosure, a sensing target may include a UE. In the present disclosure, UE target, target with communication capability, target device, and UE may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, non-UE target and target without communication capability may be interchangeable.

[0085] In the present disclosure, the terms sensing signal, echo signal, signal impacted by an object, signal reflected by an object, signal refracted by an object, signal diffracted by an object, signal transmitted and received by a sensing transceiver, and signal received by a sensing receiver may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms sensing signal, communication signal, RS, radar signal, hybrid communication and radar signal, integrated signal, ISAC signal, and sensing signal may be interchangeable.

[0086] In the present disclosure, the terms BS, UE, IAB, repeater, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), sensing transmitter, sensing receiver, sensing transceiver, wireless communication device, and target may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0087] In the present disclosure, server, sensing server, positioning server, 5GC, core network, LMF, AMF, sensing management function (SMF), SLP, BS, sensing function (SF), network (NW), management function, and function may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0088] In the present disclosure, base station (BS), NG-RAN node, gNB, ng-eNB, NG-RAN, RAN, network (NW), TRP, TP, RP, and Relay Station (RS) may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0089] In the present disclosure, location, positioning, position, position measurement, position estimation, measurement value, estimated value, measurement result, and sensing may be read interchangeably.

[0090] The BS in the present disclosure may be a gNB, eNB, 6G BS, TRP, IAB node, mobile IAB node, relay, drone, RIS, etc. The BS (BS node) may control multiple transmission reception points (TRPs) / sensing-only reception points (SRPs) / sensing-only transmission points (STPs), such as remote radio heads and DL-PRS-only TPs defined for NR positioning. A sensing-only transmission point (STP) is a transmission point that transmits only sensing signals and is not associated with a cell. A sensing-only reception point (SRP) may be a reception point that receives only sensing signals and is not associated with a cell.

[0091] When a split BS architecture is applied, the BS-DU includes a TRP function, which may support either STP, SRP, or both STP and SRP functions.

[0092] In the present disclosure, the terms sensing-related settings, sensing measurement settings, and sensing measurement-related settings may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms sensing-related report, sensing measurement report, sensing measurement result report, and sensing / sensing signal-based report may be interchangeable.

[0093] (Wireless Communication Method) <Embodiment A> A sensing mode / method may be defined in the specification. The mode / method may follow at least one of the following options:

[0094] - Option 1 Similar to the NR positioning mode / method, the sensing mode / method may be categorized and supported into UE-based, UE-assisted, LMF-based, SMF-based, and NG-RAN node-assisted versions.

[0095] - Option 2 Sensing modes / methods may be classified and supported in terms of at least one of the aforementioned sensing methods, the aforementioned sensing types, and the aforementioned sensing scenarios.

[0096] Using a similar definition to NR positioning, the association between options 1 and 2 may follow FIG.

[0097] In the following embodiments, the sensing method or sensing mode may refer to either option 1 or 2, or a combination of options 1 and 2.

[0098] According to this embodiment, the UE / base station can use an appropriate sensing mode / method.

[0099] <Embodiment B> Sensing may reuse / repurpose the architecture and protocols of NR positioning, or may be an extension based on the architecture and protocols of NR positioning.

[0100] 7 shows an example of a sensing architecture. In this example, an extended AMF is used instead of the AMF in the above-described NR positioning architecture, and an extended LMF is used instead of the LMF in the above-described NR positioning architecture.

[0101] The AMF is extended for managing sensing requests, and the LMF is extended for managing coordination and scheduling resources required for sensing.

[0102] Between the NG-RAN node and the LMF, the NRPPa may be extended to support sensing functions, which may include at least one of forwarding sensing-related measurements from the ng-eNB to the LMF, collecting sensing-related data from the gNB, and sending measurement configuration information from the LMF to the NG-RAN node.

[0103] Between the UE and the LMF, the LPP may be extended to support sensing functions for sensing modes / methods related to UE assistance. Multiple sensing information message request / response pairings may be defined for different sensing methods / modes and sensing capability transfer.

[0104] <Embodiment C> The new architecture and protocol for sensing differ from the architecture and protocol for NR positioning and may include at least one of the following features: - A new AMF is introduced for managing sensing requests. - A new function, sensing management function (SMF), is introduced for managing coordination and scheduling resources required for sensing. - A new protocol (such as NRPPa or based on NRPPa) between the NG-RAN node and the new SMF may be introduced. - A new protocol (such as LPP or based on LPP) between the UE and the new SMF may be introduced.

[0105] Some architectures / protocols may be reused / repurposed / extended (as in embodiment B), and some architectures / protocols may be newly introduced (as in embodiment 2). Figure 8 shows an example of a sensing architecture according to a combination of embodiments B and C. In this example, the extended AMF of embodiment 1 is used instead of the AMF in the above-described NR positioning architecture, and a new SMF of embodiment 2 is added and connected to the extended AMF.

[0106] The details of the procedures and IEs for the new protocol may be the same as in embodiment B.

[0107] According to this embodiment, the UE / base station may use an appropriate architecture / protocol implemented for sensing.

[0108] <Embodiment D> As shown in the example of Figure 5C, the UE receives sensing RS / data (DL sensing resource) transmitted from the base station (gNB) via the target and measures (controls measurement). The UE may receive settings / instructions regarding this measurement amount (measurement content / measurement result) from the NW (base station) in advance. For example, the measurement amount may be at least one of the following types:

[0109] [Embodiment D.1] The UE may measure sensing resources (RS / data) and transmit (report) direct measurement results to the NW (base station). The measurement results may be, for example, at least one of the following Type 1 (1-0 to 1-5):

[0110] Type 1-0: At least one of the following may be included in the NR positioning measurement results for the UE-assisted positioning method: code phase measurement (also called pseudorange), Doppler measurement, carrier phase measurement (also called cumulative delta range), carrier-to-noise ratio of the received signal, measurement quality parameters for each measurement, measurement information for additional paths (non-Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS) related measurement information), measured cell ID, RS ID, measurement timing, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), UE receive-transmit time difference, timestamp, barometric pressure sensor measurement, round-trip time, measurement characteristics, reference position, reference time, quality for each measurement, and line-of-sight (LOS) / non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information.

[0111] Type 1-1: At least one of L3-RSRP, L3-RSRQ, L3-RSSI, L1-RSRP, L1-Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), codebook setting (e.g., Type I / II / port selection), Doppler, Non-Coherent Joint Transmission (NCJT) CSI, Coherent Joint Transmission (CJT) CSI, and time domain correlation profile (TDCP).

[0112] Type 1-2: Channel Impulse Response (CIR) and other transforms.

[0113] Type 1-2': Radar cross section (RCS) and other transformations.

[0114] Types 1-3: power delay profile (PDP), or delay profile (DP), or range / delay-Doppler / angle map.

[0115] Type 1-4: At least one of power, delay, phase, and timing of channel response.

[0116] Type 1-5: At least one metric from Types 1-1 to 1-4 may be measured for one or more paths. For example, the strongest X paths may be selected for reporting. "Strongest" may mean that the value of each type of metric is large.

[0117] Each type of measurement may be reported along with other information (e.g., cell ID, RSID, measurement timing, timestamp, LOS / NLOS, quality / reliability of each measurement, etc.).

[0118] According to embodiment D.1, the UE can determine an appropriate reporting amount for the DL sensing resource and perform appropriate measurements / reports.

[0119] [Embodiment D.2] The UE may perform measurements on sensing resources (RS / data) according to a use case and transmit (report) the measurement results. The measurement results may be, for example, at least one of the following Type 2 (2-0 to 2-4).

[0120] Type 2-0: At least one of latitude / longitude / altitude (with uncertainty shape), velocity (with uncertainty shape), reference time (e.g., with time correlation from GNSS to NG-RAN and uncertainty shape), indication of positioning / sensing method used, measured cell ID, RSID, ARFCN, measurement timing, UE position estimate (with uncertainty shape), timestamp, reference position, reference time, quality per measurement, LOS / NLOS information. This information may be included in the NR positioning measurement results for UE-based positioning methods.

[0121] Type 2-1: One or more detected objects.

[0122] Type 2-1': Presence or absence of a detected object. In other words, the reported number may be 0.

[0123] Type 2-2: Range of the object to be detected. In other words, it may be not only a specific location, but also a range corresponding to a specific location.

[0124] Type 2-2': Size of the object to be detected.

[0125] Type 2-3: State of the detected object (e.g., speed, direction of movement, path, distance to the object, angle, object identification result, shape identification result, posture identification result, material identification result).

[0126] Types 2-4: Reliability.

[0127] The UE may measure / report statistics (e.g., mean / cumulative distribution function (CDF) / probability density function (PDF) etc.) of the measurement quantities (e.g., each of the above types of information).

[0128] It should be noted that each type of measurement quantity may be measured / reported together with other information (e.g., at least one of cell ID, RS ID, measurement timing, timestamp, LOS / NLOS, and quality / reliability of each measurement).

[0129] The UE may transmit the supported use cases as UE capability information. The UE may receive in advance via higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling a configuration / instruction of measurement quantities to be measured for each use case, and perform measurements / reports based on the configuration / instruction.

[0130] According to embodiment D.2, the UE can perform appropriate measurement / reporting on the DL sensing resource depending on the use case, thereby achieving the best communication for each use case.

[0131] <Embodiment 1> Measurement settings / measurement reports for sensing may be instructed / sent / transferred to a UE / base station (BS) via at least one of a Uu interface, which is the same as the interface for communication, a specific sensing protocol, and a corresponding interface. Note that the contents of this embodiment may be applied in combination with other embodiments.

[0132] The sensing measurement configuration may include at least one of the following: a sensing signal, a configuration corresponding to the sensing signal (e.g., RS type / pattern (time-frequency resource) / sequence / offset / RS port / time-domain operation (periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic)-related parameters), and at least one of a sensing resource (or resource burst, or resource set / pool). Note that a resource burst of one sensing measurement may be used for Doppler estimation / sensing beam sweep. a sensing method (e.g., CSI-based, CIR-based, Range-Doppler-Angular (R-D-A) map-based, target-related parameters, etc.); measurement report parameters (e.g., periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic report-related parameters, report content, quantization method, etc.), report resource, and signaling method; and waveform type, frame structure, and numerology (subcarrier spacing) of the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver. MIMO method (beam management, beam sweeping, beamforming / precoding method, etc.) At least one of sensing mode / scenario / method and auxiliary information for sensing Transmission power parameters of BS / Relay Station (RS), TPC parameters of UE, etc.

[0133] The sensing measurement report of the present disclosure may include at least one of the following: - Existing RRM (or new sensing resource management, SRM) measurement results, existing positioning / AI positioning-related measurement results, or the following: - Full or partial CSI in the space / frequency / time domains. Note that full CSI may be CSI (channel matrix) including both phase and amplitude, and partial CSI may be CSI (channel matrix) including either phase or amplitude. - CSI in the transform domain, for example, CSI in the angle / delay / Doppler domain (e.g., CIR / Truncated channel impulse response (TCIR) / Truncated power delay profile (TPDP) / R-D-A map, etc.). - Measurement results / parameters related to a target, for example, a final sensing result related to a sensing target and a use case, or a measurement result for deriving the final sensing result. For example, the following measurement results (1) to (5) may be included. (1) Detection and tracking measurement results: presence or absence of target, number of targets, target position / velocity, etc. (2) Environmental monitoring measurement results: type of weather around the target (rain or not, air humidity, flood or not, etc.), or RSRP, etc. (3) Respiration monitoring measurement results: target breathing rate, etc. (4) Gesture / movement recognition: type of gesture / movement, etc. (5) Activity monitoring measurement results: parameters related to activity, for example, fall detection result (Yes / No) / target position.

[0134] The interfaces or protocols used for sensing measurement configuration / reporting may include the following: - An interface for downlink, uplink, or sidelink transmission (e.g., Uu (wireless link between terminal and base station) / PC5 (vehicle-to-vehicle communication)) for BS-to-UE / UE-to-BS / UE1-to-UE2 bistatic sensing. Configuring / reporting this interface can facilitate integration of sensing and communication and increase flexibility in resource utilization. - An interface between BSs for BS1-to-BS2 bistatic sensing (e.g., Xn / F1 application protocol (F1AP)). - A sensing protocol for all sensing modes (e.g., a new sensing protocol, or an [extended] LPP / NRPPa / Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP) protocol). For example, the NR positioning architecture and protocol of embodiment B and the new sensing architecture and protocol of embodiment C may be applied.

[0135] <Embodiment 2> When BS-to-UE bistatic sensing is applied, the BS / UE receive a sensing measurement configuration in advance. The BS transmits sensing signals (any DL RS or channel, or a combination thereof, such as PRS / SSB / CSI-RS / TRS / DMRS / PTRS / new sensing RS / PDSCH, etc.) to a target. The UE receives the sensing signals affected by the target and controls measurement and reporting based on the sensing signals based on the sensing measurement configuration.

[0136] <<Sensing Measurement Settings>> Regarding the sensing measurement settings, any of the following options may be applied.

[0137] Option 1: The sensing measurement configuration is first sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to the BS using [Extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol for the BS, and then sent from the BS to the UE using DL signaling (e.g., SIB / RRC / MAC CE / DCI, etc.).

[0138] In Option 1, existing CSI measurement configurations (signals / resources / reports / signaling, etc.) for communications may be applied. When sensing is considered, existing / new CSI measurement and reporting methods (e.g., CSI reporting configurations before Rel. 18) may be applied. When existing CSI measurement and reporting methods are configured, the sensing function becomes clear.

[0139] Option 2: Sensing measurement configuration to the BS is sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to the BS via [extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol for the BS, and sensing measurement configuration to the UE is sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to the UE using [extended] LPP / SLPP or a new sensing protocol for the UE.

[0140] Option a: The sensing measurement configuration is determined by the BS and sent / configured from the BS to the UE using DL signaling (SIB / RRC / MAC CE / DCI etc.), and may also be sent from the BS to the SMF / LMF / SF using [extended] NRPPa for BS or a new sensing protocol.

[0141] <<Sensing Measurement Reporting>> Regarding sensing measurement reporting (reporting of sensing measurement results), one of the following options may be applied.

[0142] Option 3: Sensing measurement reports may be sent from the UE to the BS using UL signaling (e.g. UCI / PUSCH / MAC CE, etc.) and may also be sent (forwarded) from the BS to the SMF / LMF / SF using [Extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol.

[0143] In option 3, if the sensing BS is not the serving BS (BS of the serving cell) of the sensing UE, the sensing measurement report may be reported from the UE to the serving BS using UL signaling (UCI / PUSCH / MAC CE, etc.) and then transmitted from the serving BS to the SMF / LMF / SF using [extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol. The sensing measurement report may be transmitted from the serving BS to the sensing BS using the Xn / F1 AP interface, and then transmitted from the sensing BS to the SMF / LMF / SF via [extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol.

[0144] Option 4: Sensing measurement reports may be sent from the UE to the LMF / SMF / SF via [extended] LPP / SLPP or new sensing protocols. Then, the sensing measurement reports may be sent from the LMF / SMF / SF to the BS. In this case, the sensing measurement reports can be performed even if the UE does not have a UL transmission request (e.g., PUSCH / UCI) from the BS.

[0145] Sensing measurement configuration options 1, 2, and a may be applied in combination with sensing measurement reporting options 3 and 4, respectively. For example, as a default operation, option 1 + option 3 or option 2 + option 4 may be applied.

[0146] Variation: If the BS has RP functionality, option 3 applies; if the BS does not have RP functionality, option 4 may apply.

[0147] <<Variations>> A partial sensing measurement configuration may be sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to the BS / UE, and the remaining sensing measurement configuration may be determined by the BS and sent to the UE / SMF / LMF / SF using [Extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol. In this case, the same transmission method / protocol as in Options 1 and 2 may be used. Note that the sensing measurement configuration determined by the BS may be sent to the LMF / SMF / SF together with the sensing measurement report defined in Option 3, or may be sent separately from the sensing measurement report.

[0148] 9 to 12 are diagrams showing combinations of each option in embodiment 2. In each diagram, the sensing protocol is, for example, [Extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol for BS. The Uu interface corresponds to the interface / protocol used for DL ​​signaling (e.g., SIB / RRC / MAC CE / DCI, etc.) or the interface / protocol used for UL signaling (UCI / PUSCH / MAC CE, etc.).

[0149] According to options 1 and 3, the UE and the LMF / SMF / SF do not communicate directly, so there is no need to establish a connection between the UE and the LMF / SMF / SF, which makes it easier to manage the UE.

[0150] According to options 2 and 4, the UE's sensing measurement configuration / sensing measurement report does not go through the BS, thereby reducing communication overhead.

[0151] According to this embodiment, in the case of BS-to-UE bistatic sensing, sensing measurement configuration and measurement reporting can be performed appropriately.

[0152] <Embodiment 3> When UE-to-BS bistatic sensing is applied, the BS / UE receive a sensing measurement configuration in advance. The UE transmits sensing signals (any UL RS or channel, or a combination thereof, such as a new sensing RS / SRS / DMRS / PT-RS / PUSCH / PRACH / PUCCH, etc.) to a target. The base station (BS) receives the sensing signals affected by the target and controls measurement and reporting based on the sensing signals based on the sensing measurement configuration.

[0153] In this embodiment, the method described in the second embodiment may be applied to the sensing measurement settings.

[0154] In this embodiment, a sensing measurement report (report of a sensing measurement result) may be reported from the BS to the LMF / SMF / SF using the existing / [extended] NRPPa protocol or a new protocol for sensing. When the BS determines all or part of the sensing measurement configuration (e.g., sensing signal transmission configuration to the UE), a sensing measurement report together with the sensing measurement configuration may be sent from the BS to the LMF / SMF / SF using the existing / [extended] NRPPa protocol or a new protocol for sensing.

[0155] According to this embodiment, in the case of UE-to-BS bistatic sensing, sensing measurement configuration and measurement reporting can be performed appropriately.

[0156] Fourth Embodiment When bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2 (BS1-to-BS2) is applied, BS1 / BS2 receive a sensing measurement configuration in advance. BS1 transmits sensing signals (any DL RS or channel, or a combination thereof, such as a new sensing RS / PRS / CSI-RS / TRS / SSB / DMRS / PTRS / RIM (Remote Interference Management)-RS / PDSCH / PDCCH, etc.) to a target. BS2 receives the sensing signals affected by the target and controls measurement and reporting based on the sensing signals based on the sensing measurement configuration.

[0157] Note that the RIM-RS is the only existing RS in the NR between BSs. To add sensing capabilities for BS1-to-BS2 bistatic sensing, new functions for configuration, measurement, and reporting may be used.

[0158] <<Sensing Measurement Configuration>> Option 1: The sensing measurement configurations of BS1 and BS2 may be sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to BS1 using [Extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol for BS. The configurations of BS2 may be sent from BS1 to BS2 using the Xn / F1AP interface, etc.

[0159] Option 2: The sensing measurement configurations of BS1 and BS2 may be sent separately from the SMF / LMF / SF to BS1 and BS2 using [extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol for the BSs.

[0160] Option a: Sensing measurement configuration is determined by BS1 / BS2 and sent to BS2 / BS1 using the Xn / F1AP interface and further sent / reported to the SMF / LMF / SF via [Extended] NRPPa or new sensing protocol for BS.

[0161] <<Sensing Measurement Reporting>> Regarding sensing measurement reporting (reporting of sensing measurement results), one of the following options may be applied.

[0162] Option 3: The sensing measurement report is sent from BS2 (sensing receiver) to BS1 (sensing transmitter) using the Xn / F1AP interface, etc. Then, the sensing measurement report is sent from BS1 to the SMF / LMF / SF using [Extended] NRPPa or a new protocol for sensing. In the case of multi-static sensing, BS1 is the sensing transmitter and BS2 / BS3 are the sensing receivers. In this case, BS1 may receive all sensing measurements from BS2 and BS3 and use them to analyze the sensing results.

[0163] Option 4: Sensing measurement reports may be reported from BS2 (sensing receiver) to SMF / LMF / SF via [extended] NRPPa or a new protocol for sensing, and then the sensing measurement reports may be sent from LMF / SMF / SF to BS1.

[0164] Sensing measurement configuration options 1, 2, and a may be applied in combination with sensing measurement reporting options 3 and 4, respectively. For example, as a default operation, option 1 + option 3 or option 2 + option 4 may be applied.

[0165] Variation: A partial sensing measurement configuration may be sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to BS1 / BS2, and the remaining sensing measurement configuration may be determined by BS1 / BS2 and sent to the SMF / LMF / SF via [extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol.

[0166] In addition, the sensing measurement configuration determined by BS1 / BS2 may be sent to the LMF / SMF / SF together with the sensing measurement report defined in Option 3, or may be sent to the LMF / SMF / SF separately from the sensing measurement report.

[0167] 13 to 16 are diagrams showing combinations of each option in embodiment 4. In each diagram, the sensing protocol is, for example, [Extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol for BS. The Uu interface corresponds to the interface / protocol used for DL ​​signaling (e.g., SIB / RRC / MAC CE / DCI, etc.) or the interface / protocol used for UL signals (UCI / PUSCH / MAC CE, etc.). The Xn / F1AP interface may be applied to communication between BS1 and BS2.

[0168] According to options 2 and 4, the sensing measurement configuration / sensing measurement report of BS2 does not go through BS1, thereby reducing communication overhead.

[0169] According to this embodiment, in the case of BS1-to-BS2 bistatic sensing, sensing measurement settings and measurement reports can be appropriately performed.

[0170] <Embodiment 5> When bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2 (UE1-to-UE2) is applied, UE1 / UE2 receive a sensing measurement configuration in advance. UE1 (sensing transmitter) transmits sensing signals (UL / Sidelink (SL) RS, channel, or a combination thereof, such as a new sensing RS / SRS / DMRS / PT-RS / PUSCH / PRACH / PUCCH / SL-PRS / Sidelink signal, etc.) to a target. UE2 (sensing receiver) receives the sensing signals affected by the target and controls measurement and reporting based on the sensing signals based on the sensing measurement configuration.

[0171] In NR, sidelink positioning is defined in in-coverage and out-of-coverage modes. The SLPP protocol is defined to manage positioning / sidelink positioning sessions between UE groups by exchanging information between UE groups and between the target UE and the LMF. Similar protocol procedures may also be used for UE1-to-UE2 bistatic sensing.

[0172] <<Sensing Measurement Settings>> Regarding the sensing measurement settings (sensing settings), one of the following options may be applied.

[0173] Option 1: The sensing measurement configurations of UE1 and UE2 are both sent to UE1 from the server UE or SMF / LMF / SF using [extended] SLPP or a new protocol for sensing. The sensing measurement configurations of UE2 are sent from UE1 to UE2 via sidelink signaling on the PC5 interface or [extended] SLPP, etc.

[0174] Option 2: Sensing measurement configurations for UE1 / UE2 are sent separately from the SMF / LMF / SF to UE1 / UE2 using the sidelink [extended] SLPP or new sensing protocol.

[0175] Option 3: The sensing measurement configuration is first sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to the BS using [Extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol, and then sent from the BS to UE1 / UE2 using the Uu interface (e.g., system information or dedicated signaling (e.g., DCI / RRC / MAC CE, etc.)).

[0176] Option a: The sensing measurement configuration is determined by the BS (e.g., serving BS) and sent from the BS to UE1 / UE2 using the Uu interface, e.g., system information or dedicated signaling (e.g., DCI / RRC / MAC CE, etc.) in in-coverage or out-of-coverage pre-configuration. The sensing measurement configuration is also sent / reported from the BS to the SMF / LMF / SF using [extended] NRPPa or new sensing protocol for the BS, or [extended] SLPP or new sensing protocol for the sidelink.

[0177] <<Sensing Measurement Report>> Option 4: The sensing measurement report is sent from UE2 to the server UE or UE1 using sidelink signaling on the PC5 interface. If the sensing measurement report is sent to UE1, it is sent (forwarded) from UE1 to the BS / SMF / LMF / SF.

[0178] Option 5: Sensing measurement reports are sent from UE2 to the SMF / LMF / SF using [extended] SLPP or a new protocol for sensing.

[0179] Option 6: Sensing measurement reports are reported from UE2 to the BS using the Uu interface (UCI / RRC / MAC CE etc.) and then sent from the BS to the SMF / LMF / SF via [extended] NRPPa or new sensing protocol.

[0180] The sensing measurement setting options 1, 2, 3, and a may be combined with the sensing measurement reporting options 4, 5, and 6. For example, as a default operation, option 1 + option 4, option 2 + option 5, or option 3 + option 6 may be applied, but other combinations may also be applied.

[0181] The locations of UE1 and UE2 are important for target sensing in the UE1-to-UE2 bistatic sensing mode and may be set / reported as auxiliary information.

[0182] According to this embodiment, in the case of UE1-to-UE2 bistatic sensing, sensing measurement configuration and measurement reporting can be performed appropriately.

[0183] Sixth Embodiment When BS monostatic sensing is applied, a BS / UE receives a sensing measurement configuration in advance, and the BS transmits sensing signals (any DL RS, channel, or combination thereof, such as a new sensing RS / PRS / CSI-RS / TRS / SSB / DMRS / PT-RS / PDSCH / PDCCH / RIM-RS, etc.) to a target, receives sensing signals affected by the target, and controls measurement and reporting based on the sensing signals according to the sensing measurement configuration.

[0184] The sensing measurement configuration may be sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to the BS using the [extended] NRPPa or new sensing protocol, or may be determined by the BS and sent / reported to the SMF / LMF / SF.

[0185] Sensing measurement reports may be sent from the BS to the SMF / LMF / SF via [extended] NRPPa or new sensing protocols.

[0186] According to this embodiment, in the case of BS monostatic sensing, sensing measurement settings and measurement reports can be appropriately performed.

[0187] Seventh Embodiment When UE monostatic sensing is applied, the UE receives a configuration for sensing measurement (sensing measurement configuration) in advance. The UE transmits sensing signals (any UL and / or SL RS or channel, or a combination thereof, such as sensing RS / SRS / DMRS / PTRS / PUSCH / SL-PRS / SL signals and channels), receives sensing signals affected by targets, and controls measurement and reporting based on the sensing signals based on the sensing measurement configuration.

[0188] <<Sensing Measurement Settings>> Regarding the sensing measurement settings (sensing settings), one of the following options may be applied.

[0189] Option 1: Sensing measurement configuration is sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to the BS via [extended] NRPPa or new sensing protocol, and then sent from the BS to the UE using the downlink Uu interface (e.g. SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, etc.).

[0190] Option 2: Sensing measurement configuration is sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to the UE using [extended] LPP / SLPP or new sensing protocol.

[0191] Option a: The sensing measurement configuration is determined by the BS and transmitted to the UE using the downlink Uu interface (SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE etc.) and further transmitted to the SMF / LMF / SF using [Extended] NRPPa or a new sensing protocol for the BS.

[0192] <<Sensing Measurement Report>> For the sensing measurement report (report of the sensing measurement result) of the UE monostatic sensing, option 3 or option 4 of the second embodiment may be used.

[0193] Options 1, 2, and a of the sensing measurement configuration of this embodiment may be applied in combination with Options 3 and 4 of the sensing measurement report of Embodiment 2, respectively. For example, as a default operation, Option 1 + Option 3 or Option 2 + Option 4 may be applied.

[0194] <<Sensing Assistance Information>> In addition to sensing measurement configuration and measurement reports, sensing assistance information, similar to NR positioning / sidelink positioning, may be exchanged / transmitted between the SMF / LMF / SF and the BS / UE, or between multiple BSs, or between multiple UEs.

[0195] Sensing assistance information (new assistance information for sensing a target) may be transmitted from the BS or UE to the NW (e.g., SMF / LMF / SF). The sensing assistance information may be, for example, at least one of information related to the location of the UE / BS involved in the sensing procedure, information related to the environment (or background), information related to gNB deployment (e.g., antenna height / directivity), and information related to the measurement accuracy / transmission / reception timing error of the gNB / UE.

[0196] Option 1: The sensing assistance information may be determined by the SMF / LMF / SF and sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to the BS using [extended] NRPPa or a new protocol for sensing, or may be sent from the SMF / LMF / SF to the UE via (extended) LPP / SLPP or a new protocol for sensing. The BS may send / forward the sent sensing assistance information to the UE.

[0197] Option 2: The sensing assistance information is determined by the BS and may be sent to the UE using the Uu interface (e.g., DCI / RRC / MAC CE) or sent to other BSs using the Xn / F1AP interface.

[0198] The assistance information required for the BS / UE may be transmitted from the BS / UE to the SMF / LMF / SF through the corresponding protocol.

[0199] According to this embodiment, in the case of UE monostatic sensing, sensing measurement configuration and measurement reporting can be performed appropriately.

[0200] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0201] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0202] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0203] In addition, notification of any information to the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently (triggered by an instruction from the UE or the gNB), or aperiodically (triggered by an instruction from the UE or the gNB).

[0204] In the above embodiment, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: QCL type A. QCL type B. QCL type C. QCL type D.

[0205] In the above-described embodiment, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following several RSs: SSB; CSI-RS with / without repetition; TRS; DMRS of PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0206] In the above-described embodiment, the information from the NW may be set / indicated by the following methods: Common to multiple UEs or UE-specific; Cell-specific or common to multiple cells; Per UE / per CC / per BWP / per band / per cell / per cell group (CG).

[0207] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0208] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0209] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0210] In addition, notification of any information from the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB).

[0211] <<Regarding Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - a higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - a specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported; - the application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0212] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting the specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information; - Supporting any of sensing methods 1 to 6; - Supporting each of the protocols / interfaces mentioned above.

[0213] In the present disclosure, the terms "supporting" and "whether to support" may be read interchangeably.

[0214] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0215] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0216] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0217] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding the second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having, when bistatic sensing from a base station to the terminal is applied, a receiver that receives configuration related to sensing measurements and receives a sensing signal transmitted from the base station and affected by a target, and a controller that controls measurement and reporting based on the sensing signal based on the configuration. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the receiver receives the configuration from the base station. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the receiver receives the configuration from a Sensing Management Function (SMF), a Location Management Function (LMF), or a Sensing Function (SF). [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the controller controls transmission of the report to the SMF, LMF, or SF.

[0218] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplemented with respect to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] When bistatic sensing from a first base station to a second base station is applied, a base station that is the second base station includes: a receiver that receives a configuration related to sensing measurement and receives a sensing signal transmitted from the first base station and affected by a target; and a controller that controls measurement and reporting based on the sensing signal based on the configuration. [Supplementary Note 2] The base station that is the second base station according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the receiver receives the configuration from the first base station. [Supplementary Note 3] The base station that is the second base station according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the receiver receives the configuration from a Sensing Management Function (SMF), a Location Management Function (LMF), or a Sensing Function (SF). [Supplementary Note 4] The base station that is the second base station according to any of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the controller controls transmission of the report to the SMF, LMF, or SF.

[0219] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0220] 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0221] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0222] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0223] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0224] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0225] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0226] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0227] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0228] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0229] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0230] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0231] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0232] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0233] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0234] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0235] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0236] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0237] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0238] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0239] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0240] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0241] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0242] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0243] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0244] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0245] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0246] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0247] 18 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0248] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0249] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0250] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0251] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0252] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0253] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0254] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0255] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0256] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0257] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0258] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0259] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0260] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0261] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0262] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0263] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0264] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0265] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0266] The transceiver unit 120 may perform at least part of the processing of any of the first base station, second base station, transmitter unit, and receiver unit of the base station described in the above appendix.

[0267] The control unit 110 may perform at least part of the processing of any one of the first base station, the second base station, and the control unit of the base station described in the above supplementary notes.

[0268] (User Terminal) Fig. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0269] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0270] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0271] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0272] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0273] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0274] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0275] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0276] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0277] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0278] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0279] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0280] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0281] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0282] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0283] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0284] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0285] Note that the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0286] The transceiver unit 220 may perform at least part of the processing of the transmitter / receiver unit of any of the terminals described in the above appendix.

[0287] The control unit 210 may perform at least a part of the processing of the control unit of any of the terminals described in the above supplementary notes.

[0288] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0289] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0290] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0291] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0292] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0293] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0294] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0295] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0296] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0297] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0298] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0299] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0300] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0301] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0302] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0303] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0304] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0305] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0306] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0307] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0308] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0309] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0310] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0311] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0312] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0313] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0314] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0315] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0316] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0317] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0318] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0319] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0320] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0321] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0322] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0323] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0324] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0325] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0326] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0327] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0328] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0329] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0330] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0331] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0332] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0333] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0334] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0335] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0336] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0337] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0338] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0339] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0340] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0341] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0342] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0343] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0344] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0345] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0346] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0347] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0348] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0349] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0350] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0351] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0352] 21 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0353] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0354] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0355] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0356] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0357] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0358] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0359] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0360] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0361] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0362] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0363] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0364] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0365] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0366] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0367] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0368] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0369] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0370] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0371] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0372] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0373] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0374] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0375] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0376] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0377] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0378] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0379] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0380] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0381] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0382] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0383] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0384] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0385] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0386] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. When bistatic sensing from a first base station to a second base station is applied, a base station that is the second base station, comprising: a receiving unit that receives settings related to sensing measurements and receives sensing signals transmitted from the first base station and affected by a target; and a control unit that controls measurements and reports based on the sensing signals based on the settings.

2. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives the setting from the first base station.

3. The base station, which is the second base station according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives the configuration from a Sensing Management Function (SMF), a Location Management Function (LMF), or a Sensing Function (SF).

4. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the transmission of the report to an SMF, an LMF, or an SF.

5. When bistatic sensing from a first base station to a second base station is applied, a wireless communication method for a base station that is the second base station, comprising the steps of: receiving a setting related to sensing measurements and receiving a sensing signal transmitted from the first base station and affected by a target; and controlling measurements and reports based on the sensing signal based on the setting.

6. A base station that is the first base station, having: a transmitting unit that transmits settings related to sensing measurements and transmits sensing signals to a target when bistatic sensing from the first base station to the second base station is applied; and a control unit that controls the reception of reports from the second base station based on the sensing signals.

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