Diagnostic sample analyzers having test cards with facilitated sample application and automated sample flow control

Abstract

A diagnostic sample analyzer is configured to receive a test card, quickly perform initial tests and, in response to successful completion of the initial tests, prompt a user to apply a liquid sample to the test card. The test card has a sample storage area for holding the liquid sample. A flow configuration of a sample passageway coupled from the sample storage area to one or more sensors of the test card prevents the liquid sample from flowing uncontrolled to the sensor(s). The diagnostic sample analyzer has a pump coupled to the test card for automatically drawing the liquid sample from the storage area to the sensor(s) after sensor calibration and detection of the liquid sample in the test card. The pump provides uniform / consistent speed and volume flow of the liquid sample to the sensor(s), which may improve sample testing accuracy and reliability. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Description

DIAGNOSTIC SAMPLE ANALYZERS HAVING TEST CARDS WITH FACILITATED SAMPLE APPLICATION AND AUTOMATED SAMPLE FLOW CONTROL

[0001] This application claims benefit under 35 USC § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 675,844, filed July 26, 2024 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 675,827, filed July 26, 2024. The entire contents of the above- referenced patent applications are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. FIELD

[0002] This disclosure relates to diagnostic sample analyzers and test cards for use therein to measure one or more fluid properties in a liquid sample. BACKGROUND

[0003] A test card is a device that includes one or more sensors (e.g., a sensor panel) for measuring one or more fluid properties (e.g., physical parameters and / or chemical constituents) in a liquid sample. The test card is configured to receive a small volume of a liquid sample and to be inserted into a diagnostic sample analyzer for analysis of the liquid sample. The liquid sample may be a biological sample or a non-biological aqueous solution. The biological sample may be, e.g., whole blood, blood serum, blood plasma, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, pleural fluid, dialysate fluid, and the like. The diagnostic sample analyzer with an inserted test card therein may measure, e.g., pH, partial pressure of one or more gases (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.), electrolyte concentrations (e.g., sodium,potassium, calcium, etc.), and / or other analyte concentrations (e.g., glucose, lactate, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatine, etc.).

[0004] Some known test cards and diagnostic sample analyzers require extended user interactions that decrease laboratory efficiency. For example, some known diagnostic sample analyzers require a user to first insert the test card into the diagnostic sample analyzer and then wait several minutes while the diagnostic sample analyzer performs (1) initial (diagnostic) tests and (2) calibration of the test card sensor(s) before prompting the user to apply a liquid sample to the test card. Other known diagnostic sample analyzers require the user to first apply a liquid sample to the test card before inserting the test card into the diagnostic sample analyzer. However, should initial tests performed thereafter by the diagnostic sample analyzer indicate an error that renders the test card unusable, the liquid sample already applied to the test card would be wasted. Also, should the user excessively delay inserting the test card into the diagnostic sample analyzer after applying the liquid sample, one or more fluid properties of the sample may change, compromising the test results.

[0005] Accordingly, improved diagnostic sample analyzers, test cards, and methods of use thereof are desired. SUMMARY

[0006] In one or more embodiments, a method of operating a diagnostic sample analyzer is provided. The method includes receiving a test card in the diagnostic sample analyzer, the test card including at least one sensor; executing initial tests related to the functionality of at least the test card via a processor of the diagnostic sample analyzer; and prompting a user via an input / output device of the diagnosticsample analyzer to apply a liquid sample to the test card in response to completion of the initial tests indicating no errors. The method also includes calibrating the at least one sensor via the processor in response to completion of at least one of the initial tests indicating no errors; analyzing via the processor the liquid sample at the at least one sensor in response to receiving the liquid sample at the at least one sensor; and communicating results of the analyzing via the input / output device.

[0007] In one or more embodiments, a test card for use in a diagnostic sample analyzer is provided. The test card includes the following: a sample inlet for receiving a liquid sample; a sample storage area coupled to the sample inlet for receiving and storing the liquid sample; at least one sensor configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of a value of a fluid property of the liquid sample in response to the liquid sample contacting the at least one sensor; a sample passageway between the sample storage area and the at least one sensor, the sample passageway configured to prevent the liquid sample from travelling toward the at least one sensor when the liquid sample is received at the sample inlet and travels to the sample storage area; and a vacuum port configured to connect to a vacuum pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer to draw the liquid sample from the sample storage area into contact with the at least one sensor.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, a diagnostic sample analyzer is provided. The diagnostic sample analyzer includes a test card reader configured to receive a test card; a pump; an input / output device; a processor coupled to the test card reader, the pump, and the input / output device; and a non- transitory memory coupled to the processor, wherein the non- transitory memory includes computer program instructions for operating the diagnostic sample analyzer. The processor, whenexecuting the computer program instructions, is operative to execute initial tests in response to receiving the test card in the test card reader. The initial tests are related to functionality of the test card and the pump. The test card includes at least one sensor configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of a value of a fluid property of a liquid sample. The processor, when executing the computer program instructions, is also operative to prompt a user via the input / output device to apply the liquid sample to the test card in response to completion of the initial tests indicating no errors; calibrate the at least one sensor in response to completion of at least one of the initial tests indicating no errors; and activate the pump to transfer the liquid sample applied to the test card to the at least one sensor in response to completion of sensor calibration, detection of the liquid sample received in the test card, or both. The processor, when executing the computer program instructions, is further operative to process a generated electrical signal received at the test card reader from the at least one sensor to determine the value of the fluid property, and communicate the value of the fluid property via the input / output device.

[0009] Still other aspects, features, and advantages of this disclosure may be readily apparent from the following detailed description and illustration of a number of example embodiments and implementations, including the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention. This disclosure may also be capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details may be modified in various respects, all without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, although described herein with respect to diagnostic sample analyzers, this disclosure may be applicable to other devices that handle and / or process small liquid volumes. This disclosure is intended to cover all modifications,equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the appended claims below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] The drawings described below are provided for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive. The drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a diagnostic sample analyzer configured to receive a test card for performing a diagnostic sample analysis according to one or more embodiments.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates a plan view layout of a test card for use in a diagnostic sample analyzer according to one or more embodiments.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an enlarged plan view layout of a portion of the test card of FIG. 2 according to one or more embodiments.

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a diagnostic sample analyzer according to one or more embodiments.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method of operating a diagnostic sample analyzer according to one or more embodiments.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of another method of operating a diagnostic sample analyzer according to one or more embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] As stated above, some test card and diagnostic sample analyzers may require extended user interactions during initial (diagnostic) tests and calibration of test card sensor(s), preventing laboratory staff from performing other lab functions. Other test card and diagnostic sample analyzers that require a liquid sample to be applied to the test card before insertion into the diagnostic sample analyzer may result in the liquid sample being wasted should, e.g., the test card fail one or more of the initial tests. Also, if a notable delay occurs between applying the liquid sample to the test card and inserting the test card into the analyzer, fluid properties of the liquid sample may change, compromising sample analysis results. Furthermore, upon application of the liquid sample to the test card in known diagnostic sample analyzers, the volume and flow of the liquid sample from the sample inlet of the test card to the sensor(s) of the test card may be uncontrolled and thus variable, which may adversely affect the sample analysis results.

[0018] Embodiments provided herein overcome the above disadvantages by providing an improved sample application process, test card, and diagnostic sample analyzer. The improved sample application process includes receiving a test card in a diagnostic sample analyzer, quickly performing initial tests (e.g., 25-35 seconds or less), and prompting a user to apply a liquid sample to the inserted test card in response to successful completion of the initial tests. After applying the sample, a user is free to perform other laboratory tasks while the diagnostic sample analyzer performs the more time-consuming sensor calibration. After sensor calibration and detection of the applied liquid sample in the test card, sample analysis is performed by the diagnostic sample analyzer without further user involvement.

[0019] Advantageously, the improved sample application process performed by the diagnostic sample analyzer reduces user interaction therewith. The user no longer has to wait for sensor calibration to complete, which may be several minutes, before applying the liquid sample to the test card. This process also avoids wasting the liquid sample should the initial tests indicate a faulty test card as in those analyzers that require the user to first apply the liquid sample before inserting the test card into the diagnostic sample analyzer. The improved process will notify the user of a faulty test card and will not prompt the user to apply the liquid sample to the test card. Furthermore, the time between applying the liquid sample to the test card and testing of the sample is known (e.g., at most the sensor calibration time), thus preventing excessive and uncontrolled change in fluid properties of the liquid sample caused by excessive delay between applying the liquid sample to the test card and sample testing. This process is thus more efficient and time saving for the user, particularly in a point of care or emergency setting.

[0020] A test card according to one or more embodiments has one or more sensors (e.g., a sensor panel) for measuring one or more fluid properties in a liquid sample. The test card also has a sample storage area for receiving and holding the liquid sample. An outlet of the storage area is coupled to a sample passageway having a flow configuration that advantageously prevents the liquid sample in the sample storage area from flowing uncontrolled out of the sample storage area to the sensor(s) of the test card. After calibration of the sensor(s) by the diagnostic sample analyzer and detection of the liquid sample in the sample storage area, a vacuum pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer coupled to the test card automatically draws the liquid sample from thesample storage area to the sensor(s). The vacuum pump provides uniform / consistent speed and volume flow of the liquid sample to the sensor(s), which may improve the accuracy and reliability of the sample analysis results.

[0021] Additionally, because the sample storage area is positioned in the test card to directly receive the liquid sample from the sample inlet of the test card and hold the sample therein for a predetermined period of time (e.g., the time to perform the sensor calibration) before it is drawn to the sensor(s), a user does not need to be concerned about the precise speed and volume of the liquid sample being applied (e.g., by an injection or pump device) to the sample inlet of the test card by the user provided the liquid sample is not applied with excessive force or insufficient sample volume. As such, sample application is easier for the user and the subsequent controlled automatic transfer of the liquid sample from the sample storage area to the sensor(s) reduces analytical errors in the test results and improves predictability of the test results.

[0022] In accordance with one or more embodiments, diagnostic sample analyzers, test cards, and methods of use thereof that improve user efficiency as well as sample analysis performance and accuracy will be explained in greater detail below in connection with FIGS. 1-5.

[0023] FIG. 1 illustrates a diagnostic sample analyzer 100 according to one or more embodiments. Diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may be a hand-held device and may be battery powered. Diagnostic sample analyzer 100 includes an analyzer body 102 configured to house various electronics (e.g., a barcode reader, wireless transmitter circuitry, signal processing circuitry, etc.). Analyzer body 102 is configured to also house various user interfaces such as user control haptics (e.g., buttons, switches, touch screens, and thelike). In the depicted embodiment, analyzer body 102 may comprise a computing device 104. Computing device 104 may be fixedly coupled to the analyzer body 102. Alternatively, computing device 104 may be, in some embodiments, detachably mounted to a device mount 102M of a base 102B of diagnostic sample analyzer 100. Computing device 104 may be a hand-held computing device, such as, e.g., a personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet, or other like computing device. In some diagnostic sample analyzers, the processing and memory functions of computing device 104 may be housed inside of analyzer body 102 rather than as a separable / detachable version of computing device 104.

[0024] Diagnostic sample analyzer 100 also includes a controller 105, which in this embodiment is configured to include a first controller 105C1, which may be part of base 102B of analyzer body 102, and a second controller 105C2, which may be part of, or integral with, computing device 104. First controller 105C1 and second controller 105C2 are in electronic communication with one another and may perform different functions. In other embodiments, controller 105 may be a single device located in either analyzer body 102 or computing device 104. In still other embodiments, diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may have one or more controllers that may be located anywhere in the analyzer.

[0025] In this embodiment, computing device 104 may include a display 104D enabling user input and visual display of operational information, test results, and other information. In some embodiments, display 104D may be tiltable about a pivot axis 102A. For example, the device mount 102M of base 102B may receive the computing device 104 and may be pivotable about pivot axis 102A at a location 102L so as to allow adjustment of the viewing angle. Display 104D may be a touch screen having a user interface that allows a user, inconjunction with one or more haptics (e.g., button, switches, or other user-controlled devices), to control operation of diagnostic sample analyzer 100, observe measurement results from sample testing therein, and / or perform other ancillary functions.

[0026] First controller 105C1 (or alternatively another controller in diagnostic sample analyzer 100) may include electronics for communicating with one or more sensors 103 embodied in a test card 106. The first controller electronics also may perform signal conditioning (including, e.g., filtering, A / D conversion, and / or amplification) of sensor signals received from sensor(s) 103. In some embodiments, sensor(s) 103 may include a potentiometric sensor, an amperometric sensor, and / or a conductometric sensor, and first controller 105C1 may further include electronics for processing amperometric, potentiometric, and / or conductometric signals received from sensor(s) 103.

[0027] In some embodiments, diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may be, e.g., a blood analyzer and second controller 105C2 may be operable to determine, e.g., pH, partial pressure of one or more gases (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.), electrolyte concentrations (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.), and / or other analyte concentrations (e.g., glucose, lactate, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatine, hematocrit, etc.). Software executable on a processor in second controller 105C2 (or alternatively another controller in diagnostic sample analyzer 100) for determining a fluid property in a blood sample may be stored in a non-transitory memory (not shown) of diagnostic sample analyzer 100. Sensor signals (indicative of measured values) received from, e.g., one or more sensors 103 may be processed by second controller 105C2 (or alternatively another controller in diagnostic sample analyzer 100) to detect an oxygen level in a blood sample applied to test card 106.Electrical signals from any additional or alternative sensors 103 for measuring other fluid properties of a liquid sample may alternatively or additionally be received and processed by second controller 105C2 (or alternatively another controller in diagnostic sample analyzer 100) executing appropriate software alternatively or additionally stored in a non- transitory memory of diagnostic sample analyzer 100. In other embodiments, the aforementioned functions performed by second controller 105C2 may be performed by first controller 105C1 and vice versa and / or by one or more other controllers in diagnostic sample analyzer 100. In some embodiments, test results and other information may be transmitted to a hospital information system (HIS) 101.

[0028] Diagnostic sample analyzer 100 also includes a test card reader 102R, which may include a port or opening having a suitable coupling feature (e.g., electrical connectors) configured to receive and couple to corresponding electrical contacts on test card 106. Upon insertion of test card 106 into test card reader 102R, test card sensor(s) 103 are electrically connected to controller 105 (or first controller 105C1 and / or second controller 105C2) to process sensor signals. As shown, test card reader 102R may comprise a slot that is sized to receive test card 106 therein. In some embodiments, test card 106 may resemble a playing card in view of its thin profile as compared to its width and length. In some embodiments, test card 106 may have a length of about 85 mm, a width of about 55 mm, and a thickness of about 1.2 mm. In other embodiments, test card 106 may be considered a test cartridge or other test consumable having other length, width, and thickness dimensions. More generally, test card 106 may be any suitable shape or size configured to be received in a correspondingly constructed test card reader 102R. Test card 106 may be manufactured from a thermoplastic polyester such aspolyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) or the like. Such materials are well suited for molding complex shapes, have a high level of transparency, are inexpensive, and are chemically resistant.

[0029] As shown in FIG. 1, test card 106 includes one or more sensors 103 enclosed within test card body 107. Sensor(s) 103 may comprise a panel of sensors operative to test for multiple conditions or analytes, such as, e.g., glucose, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatine, etc. Sensor(s) 103 to test for other fluid properties may additionally or alternatively be included. Note that operation of sensor(s) 103 and the subsequent processing of electrical signals generated by sensor(s) 103 to determine a value of one or more fluid properties of a liquid sample are known to persons of skill in the art and will not be described in more detail herein.

[0030] Test card 106 also includes a sample inlet 108, which may be a port, opening, receiving element, or the like, configured to receive a sample 109 to be tested therein. Sample inlet 108 may be provided on a top layer 107T of test card body 107. Sample inlet 108 may comprise a circular or otherwise shaped opening providing a port configured to receive sample 109 therein. Sample 109 may be, e.g., whole blood, blood serum, blood plasma, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, pleural fluid, dialysate fluid, and the like, depending on the type of diagnostic sample analyzer and type or types of sensor(s) 103 included in test card 106. Sample inlet 108 may be configured to allow sample 109 to be dispensed therein or thereon by any suitable sample holder or sample transfer device. For example, in one embodiment, sample inlet 108 may be configured to allow a syringe, a capillary tube, a suitable pump, or other transfer device to be sealingly coupled to sample inlet 108 to provide sample 109therein. In some embodiments, sample inlet 108 may have a width or diameter dimension of about 4 mm to about 8 mm, although other width or diameter dimensions and / or shapes may be used. Sample inlet 108 is coupled via one or more sample passageways (not shown in FIG. 1) to sensor(s) 103.

[0031] Test card body 107 may be made of multiple layers of material adhered together to form therein the one or more sample passageways. The materials used may include one or more different types of plastic (including, e.g., polypropylene), paper, foil, and / or laminates. In some embodiments, top layer 107T and / or a bottom layer (not shown) may be a clear (transparent or translucent) material so the flow of sample 109 therethrough may be visually observed and / or optically detected. In those embodiments, diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may further include, e.g., one or more optical sensors (not shown) for detecting fluid presence and / or flow in and / or through the one or more sample passageways in test card 106.

[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates a test card 206 for use in diagnostic sample analyzer 100 according to one or more embodiments. Test card 206 is an embodiment of test card 106 and includes the same or similar features as test card 106 unless described otherwise herein. Test card 206 includes a sample inlet 208, a sample storage area 210, a sample storage area outlet 211, a sample passageway 214, a sensor channel 216, and a sensor module 203. Sample inlet 208 is configured to receive a liquid sample from a user. In some embodiments, sample inlet 208 may be configured to allow a syringe, a capillary tube, a suitable pump, or other transfer device to be sealingly coupled thereto to provide the liquid sample to test card 206 and may be accessible on top side 206T of test card 206.

[0033] Sample inlet 208 is coupled to sample storage area 210, which is configured to receive and hold a liquid sample therein. Sample storage area 210 may have a vent hole 210H as shown in FIG. 2 to allow air to escape as a liquid sample is injected into inlet 208. In some embodiments, sample storage area 210 is configured to hold up to about 170 µL or more of a liquid sample. Sample storage area 210 may be configured as a C-shaped channel, chamber, or conduit having a total length ranging from 56 mm to 66 mm , a width ranging from 1.0 mm to 4.5 mm, and a depth ranging from 0.2 mm to 0.75 mm (in this embodiment, the cross section is rectangular). Other configurations, cross-sectional shapes, and dimensions are possible.

[0034] Outlet 211 is coupled to sample passageway 214, which is coupled to a first end 215 of a sensor channel 216. Sensor channel 216 extends over (as viewed in FIG. 2) sensor module 203 and allows a liquid sample to contact one or more sensor(s) 217 through the open bottom of sensor channel 216 (i.e., sensor module 203 forms the bottom of sensor channel 216). Sensor(s) 217 (four labeled in FIG. 2) may be printed into respective wells in sensor module 203. The flow configuration of sample passageway 214 coupled to outlet 211 prevents a liquid sample held in sample storage area 210 from flowing uncontrolled to sensor module 203, as better shown in FIG. 3.

[0035] FIG. 3 illustrates an enlarged portion 300 of test card 206 that includes outlet 211 coupled to a first portion 312 of sample passageway 214 followed by first portion 312 coupled at elbow joint 314E to a second portion 313 of sample passageway 214 according to one or more embodiments. As shown, flow F1 represents the direction of flow a liquid sample follows from sample inlet 208 to sample storage area 210. A flow configuration of sample passageway 214, whichincludes the two large angle flow changes from outlet 211 into first portion 312 and from first portion 312 into second portion 313, along with first portion 312 having a small width W1 compared to the larger width W2 of sample storage area 210, and first portion 312 having a decreasing depth from outlet 211 to elbow joint 314E, prevents the liquid sample from flowing uncontrolled out of sample storage area 210 to sensor module 203 via outlet 211, sample passageway 214, and sensor channel 216. In some embodiments, angles A1 and A2 may each range from 120 degrees to 150 degrees, small width W1 may range from 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, which is 10% to 20% of width W2, and the depth of first portion 312 may decrease from about 0.6 mm at outlet 211 to about 0.2 mm at elbow joint 314E. Second portion 313 of sample passageway 214, which extends from first portion 312 to sensor channel 216, may have a cross-sectional area ranging initially from 0.25 mm2at elbow joint 314E to 0.75 mm2in sample passageway 214 as the depth increases. Angles A1 and A2, widths W1 and W2, and / or cross-sectional area / depths may have other dimensions.

[0036] Returning to FIG. 2, sensor module 203 may be integrally formed or embodied within test card 206. Sensor module 203 may include electrical contacts (not shown in FIG. 2) configured to electrically couple to corresponding electrical connectors of the diagnostic sample analyzer 100 upon insertion of test card 206 into test card reader 102R (see description below regarding FIG. 4). The electrical contacts are configured to transmit electrical signals (e.g., voltage, current, or conductivity) representing fluid property values measured by sensor(s) 217. Sensor(s) 217 may be a single sensor configured to test for a single fluid property in a liquid sample, or sensor(s) 217 may be a panel of sensors configured to test for multiple fluid properties in a liquid sample. For example, sensor(s) 217 may test for any one ormore of pH, partial pressure of one or more gases (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.), electrolyte concentrations (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.), and / or other analyte concentrations (e.g., glucose, lactate, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatine, etc.). Other fluid properties may be tested by sensor(s) 217 in other embodiments.

[0037] Test card 206 further includes a vacuum port 220. Vacuum port 220 is coupled to a second end 219 of sensor channel 216 via a waste passageway 224. Vacuum port 220 is configured to connect to a vacuum pump of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 to draw a liquid sample from sample storage area 210 into contact with sensor module 203 via outlet 211, sample passageway 214, and sensor channel 216. In some embodiments, vacuum port 220 may be connectable to a vacuum pump on the bottom side (not shown) of test card 206. A vacuum pump of diagnostic analyzer 100 may be, e.g., a peristaltic pump, a diaphragm pump, or a piezoelectric pump having a pressure range of 0 to 200 mbar gauge pressure. In still other embodiments, a positive pressure pump may be connected to vent hole 210H to drive a liquid sample from sample storage area 210 into contact with sensor module 203 (using vacuum port 220 as a vent hole).

[0038] Test card 206 also includes a calibration fluid pack 226, a valve 228, and a bubble trap 230. Calibration fluid pack 226 is coupled to first end 215 of sensor channel 216 and contains a calibration fluid used to calibrate sensor(s) 217. In some embodiments, calibration fluid pack 226 may be formed with two layers of foil that are heat-sealed together. Valve 228 and bubble trap 230 are coupled between calibration fluid pack 226 and first end 215 of sensor channel 216. Valve 228 holds the calibration fluid in calibration fluid pack 226 until sensor calibration is performed, at which time a mechanism in diagnostic sample analyzer 100, which may be aplunger and push-pin mechanism, opens valve 228 to deliver calibration fluid to sensor module 203 via sensor channel 216. Bubble trap 230 is configured to collect air pockets from calibration fluid pack 226 to prevent them from entering sensor channel 216.

[0039] Waste passageway 224 is configured (e.g., sized) to hold the calibration fluid after completion of sensor calibration. Upon activation of the vacuum pump, calibration fluid in sensor channel 216 is drawn into waste passageway 224 as the liquid sample in sample storage area 210 is drawn through outlet 211 and sample passageway 214 into sensor channel 216. The vacuum pump is deactivated in response to signals from an optical sensor (not shown) in diagnostic sample analyzer 100 directed at sensor channel 216 indicating that the liquid sample has sufficiently filled sensor channel 216.

[0040] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a diagnostic sample analyzer 400 according to one or more embodiments. Diagnostic sample analyzer 400 is an embodiment of diagnostic sample analyzer 100. Diagnostic sample analyzer 400 includes test card reader 402R configured to receive a test card (e.g., test card 106 or 206 of FIG. 1 or 2, respectively), optical sensors 438, a vacuum pump 440, a heater 442, and an input / output device 444 (e.g., a display such as display 104D of FIG. 1). In some embodiments, one optical sensor 438 may be configured to detect the presence of a liquid sample in sample storage area 210 (FIG. 2) and another optical sensor 438 may be configured to detect the presence of a liquid sample in sensor channel 216. In other embodiments, sample storage area 210 may include two optical sensors, one near sample inlet 208 to detect the start of a liquid sample injection and a second before vent hole 210H to detect that a sufficient amount of liquid sample has been injected. In some embodiments,diagnostic sample analyzer 400 may record the time the liquid sample has been detected in sample storage area 210. Diagnostic sample analyzer 400 may include other sensors (not shown) for sensing, e.g., temperature, pressure, tilt angle, and humidity.

[0041] Diagnostic sample analyzer 400 may further include a processor 446 coupled to each of test card reader 402R, optical sensors 438, vacuum pump 440, heater 442, and input / output device 444. Processor 446 may be coupled to a memory 448 which includes computer program instructions 450 (e.g., one or more computer programs) executable by processor 446. In one or more embodiments, memory 448 may be a non- transitory memory (e.g., a hard drive, a solid-state drive, a flash-drive, etc.). In some embodiments, processor 446 may be part of one or more controllers, such as, e.g., controller 105, first controller 105C1, or second controller 105C2 (FIG. 1). Processor 446 may interface with test card 206 (or test card 106) via electrical connectors 452 located within test card reader 102R that interface with electrical contacts at sensor module 203 of test card 206.

[0042] In some embodiments, computer program instructions 450 may include computer code that, when executed by processor 446, cause processor 446 to control operation of diagnostic sample analyzer 400 in accordance with one or more of the methods described herein. For example, execution by processor 446 of computer program instructions 450 stored in memory 448 may cause processor 446 to execute initial tests related to functionality of test card 206, optical sensors 438, vacuum pump 440, and / or heater 442 in response to receiving test card 206 in test card reader 402R. More particularly, execution by processor 446 of computer program instructions 450 stored in memory 448 may cause processor 446 to perform one or more of the process blocks of method 500, as now described.

[0043] FIG. 5 illustrates a method 500 of operating a diagnostic sample analyzer according to one or more embodiments. The diagnostic sample analyzer may be, e.g., diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (FIG. 1) or 400 (FIG. 4). At process block 502, method 500 may include receiving a test card in the diagnostic sample analyzer, the test card including at least one sensor. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the test card may be, e.g., test card 106 or 206, which includes one or more sensors 103 or sensor module 203, respectively.

[0044] At process block 504, method 500 may include executing initial tests related to the functionality of at least the test card via a processor of the diagnostic sample analyzer. Initial tests related to the functionality of at least the test card may include, e.g., a card validation check (via, e.g., a barcode scanner in test card reader 102R) to ensure that the test card (including, e.g., the calibration fluid and sensor(s) therein) has not expired, a dry card check to ensure that the test card has not been previously used, and / or a calibration fluid check to ensure a sufficient volume of calibration fluid is delivered to sensor(s) 217. The calibration fluid check may be performed, e.g., by directing, e.g., a plunger and push-pin mechanism to open valve 228 (FIG. 2) to deliver calibration fluid to sensor(s) 217 via sensor channel 216, wherein one or more (e.g., optical) sensors are operative to detect that a sufficient volume of calibration fluid has been delivered to sensor(s) 217. Optional additional initial tests may include a vacuum check to ensure that the vacuum pump in the diagnostic sample analyzer is working and / or a heater check to ensure that a heater in the diagnostic sample analyzer is working. The initial tests are performed quickly (e.g., 25-35 seconds or less), and are separate from and do not include calibration which may requirea longer time delay of several minutes (e.g., at least 2-3 minutes). The initial tests may be executed via a processor of controller 105, first controller 105C1 or second controller 105C2 (e.g., processor 446 of FIG. 4), or one or more other controllers of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 executing appropriate software stored in a non-transitory memory of diagnostic sample analyzer 100.

[0045] At process block 506, method 500 may include prompting a user via an input / output device of the diagnostic sample analyzer to apply a liquid sample to the test card in response to completion of the initial tests indicating no errors. For example, the input / output device may be display 104D of computing device 104 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (FIG. 1). Additionally or alternatively, the input / output device may include a sound generator or a lighting device that activates in response to successful completion of the initial tests to prompt a user to apply a liquid sample to sample inlet 208 of test card 206.

[0046] At process block 508, method 500 may include calibrating the at least one sensor via the processor in response to completion of at least one of the initial tests indicating no errors. For example, the at least one initial test may be the calibration fluid check, and a processor (e.g., processor 446 of FIG. 4) of controller 105, 105C1, or 105C2 (FIG. 1) may perform sensor calibration by processing one or more calibration measurement signals received from sensor(s) 217 to determine one or more calibration measurement values in response to completion of the calibration fluid check indicating no errors. Process block 508 may begin before, during, or after process block 506.

[0047] At process block 510, method 500 may include analyzing via the processor the liquid sample at the at least one sensor in response to receiving the liquid sample at theone or more sensors. Again, e.g., a processor (e.g., processor 446 of FIG. 4) of controller 105, 105C1, or 105C2 may process one or more sample measurement signals received from sensor(s) 217 to determine one or more sample measurement values in response to a liquid sample contacting sensor(s) 217.

[0048] And method 500 may include, at process block 512, communicating results of the analyzing via the input / output device. For example, sample measurement values and / or other analysis results may be displayed on display 104D of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (FIG. 1).

[0049] Method 500 may additionally include receiving a liquid sample at a sample inlet of the test card in response to the prompting, wherein the sample inlet is coupled to a sample storage area of the test card. Note that a user may apply a liquid sample to the sample inlet in response to the prompting either before or during the sensor calibration. Method 500 may also include detecting a presence of the liquid sample in the sample storage area via an optical sensor, and transferring a liquid sample from the sample storage area, via a vacuum pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer, to the at least one sensor in response to completion of the sensor calibration and / or detection of the liquid sample in the storage area. For example, a user may apply a liquid sample at sample inlet 208 (FIG. 2) in response to a prompt by diagnostic sample analyzer 100 at display 104D (FIG. 1), the liquid sample may be detected by optical sensor 438 (FIG. 4), and the liquid sample may be drawn automatically from sample storage area 210 through sample passageway 214 to sensor module 203 via vacuum pump 440 of diagnostic sample analyzer 400 coupled to vacuum port 220. The vacuum pump provides uniform / consistent speed and volume flow of the liquid sample to sensor module 203, which may reduce variability in thesample analysis results. In some embodiments, the delivery time of the liquid sample to sensor module 203 may range from 1.0 second to 10 seconds. Other liquid sample delivery times are possible.

[0050] Method 500 may further include preventing flow of the liquid sample from the sample storage area to the at least one sensor prior to completion of the calibrating via a flow configuration of a sample passageway coupled to an outlet of the sample storage area. For example, flow configuration 300 of FIG. 3 with its first and second large angle (A1 and A2) flow changes coupled to outlet 211 of sample storage area 210 and its reduced width W1 and decreasing depth of first portion 312 of sample passageway 214 may be used to prevent uncontrolled flow of a liquid sample out of sample storage area 210. Other flow configurations are possible.

[0051] Although FIG. 5 shows example process blocks of method 500, in some embodiments, method 500 may include additional, fewer, and / or different process blocks, or differently arranged process blocks than those shown in FIG. 5. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the process blocks of method 500 may be performed partially or fully in parallel.

[0052] FIG. 6 illustrates another method of operating a diagnostic sample analyzer according to one or more embodiments. The diagnostic sample analyzer may be, e.g., diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (FIG. 1) or 400 (FIG. 4). At process block 602, method 600 may include receiving a test card in the diagnostic sample analyzer, the test card including at least one sensor. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the test card may be, e.g., test card 106 or 206, which includes one or more sensors 103 or sensor module 203, respectively.

[0053] At process block 604, method 600 may include calibrating the at least one sensor via the processor after receiving the test card. For example, a processor (e.g., processor 446 of FIG. 4) of controller 105, 105C1, or 105C2 (FIG. 1) may perform sensor calibration by directing, e.g., a plunger and push-pin mechanism to open valve 228 (FIG. 2) to deliver calibration fluid to sensor(s) 217 via sensor channel 216 and then processing one or more calibration measurement signals received from sensor(s) 217 to determine one or more calibration measurement values.

[0054] At process block 606, method 600 may include receiving a liquid sample at the test card before or during the calibrating. For example, test card 206 (of FIG. 2) may receive a liquid sample at sample inlet 208.

[0055] At process block 608, method 600 may include analyzing via the processor the liquid sample received at the at least one sensor in response to at least completion of the calibrating. Again, e.g., a processor (e.g., processor 446 of FIG. 4) of controller 105, 105C1, or 105C2 may process one or more sample measurement signals received from sensor(s) 217 to determine one or more sample measurement values in response to a liquid sample contacting sensor(s) 217.

[0056] And method 600 may include, at process block 610, communicating results of the analyzing via the input / output device. For example, sample measurement values and / or other analysis results may be displayed on display 104D of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (FIG. 1).

[0057] Method 600 may additionally include executing initial tests related to the functionality of at least the test card via a processor of the diagnostic sample analyzer in response to receiving the test card. Initial tests related to the functionality of at least the test card may include, e.g.,a card validation check (via, e.g., a barcode scanner in test card reader 102R) to ensure that the test card (including, e.g., the calibration fluid and sensor(s) therein) has not expired and / or a dry card check to ensure that the test card has not been previously used. Optional additional initial tests may include a vacuum check to ensure that the vacuum pump in the diagnostic sample analyzer is working and / or a heater check to ensure that a heater in the diagnostic sample analyzer is working. The initial tests are performed quickly (e.g., 25-35 seconds or less), and are separate from and do not include calibration. The initial tests may be executed via a processor of controller 105, first controller 105C1 or second controller 105C2 (e.g., processor 446 of FIG. 4), or one or more other controllers of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 executing appropriate software stored in a non-transitory memory of diagnostic sample analyzer 100.

[0058] Method 600 may further include prompting a user via an input / output device of the diagnostic sample analyzer to apply a liquid sample to the test card in response to completion of the initial tests indicating no errors. For example, the input / output device may be display 104D of computing device 104 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (FIG. 1). Additionally or alternatively, the input / output device may include a sound generator or a lighting device that activates in response to successful completion of the initial tests to prompt a user to apply a liquid sample to sample inlet 208 of test card 206.

[0059] Although FIG. 6 shows example process blocks of method 600, in some embodiments, method 600 may include additional, fewer, and / or different process blocks, or differently arranged process blocks than those shown in FIG. 6. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of theprocess blocks of method 600 may be performed partially or fully in parallel.

[0060] While this disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific method and apparatus embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that the particular methods and apparatus disclosed herein are not intended to limit the disclosure or the following claims.

[0061] Independent of the grammatical term usage, individuals with male, female or other gender identities are included within the term.

[0062] ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

[0063] The following provides a non-limiting list of illustrative embodiments of this disclosure:

[0064] Example Embodiment 1: A method of operating a diagnostic sample analyzer, the method comprising:

[0065] receiving a test card in the diagnostic sample analyzer, the test card including at least one sensor;

[0066] executing initial tests related to the functionality of at least the test card via a processor of the diagnostic sample analyzer;

[0067] prompting a user via an input / output device of the diagnostic sample analyzer to apply a liquid sample to the test card in response to completion of the initial tests indicating no errors;

[0068] calibrating the at least one sensor via the processor in response to the completion of at least one of the initial tests indicating no errors;

[0069] analyzing via the processor the liquid sample at the at least one sensor in response to receiving the liquid sample at the at least one sensor; and

[0070] communicating results of the analyzing via the input / output device.

[0071] Example Embodiment 2: The method of Example Embodiment 1, wherein:

[0072] receiving a liquid sample at a sample inlet of the test card in response to the prompting, the sample inlet coupled to a sample storage area of the test card;

[0073] detecting a presence of the liquid sample in the sample storage area via a sensor; and

[0074] transferring the liquid sample from the sample storage area via a pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer to the at least one sensor in response to completion of the calibrating and the detecting the presence of the liquid sample.

[0075] Example Embodiment 3: The method of any one of Example Embodiments 1 or 2, further comprising receiving the liquid sample at the sample storage area in the test card from the sample inlet, the method further comprising preventing flow of the liquid sample from the sample storage area to the at least one sensor prior to the completion of the calibrating via a flow configuration of a sample passageway coupled to an outlet of the sample storage area.

[0076] Example Embodiment 4: The method of any one of Example Embodiments 1-3, wherein the communicating comprises displaying the results of the analyzing via the input / output device.

[0077] Example Embodiment 5: The method of any one of Example Embodiments 1-4, wherein the initial tests comprise a card validation check to ensure that the test card has notexpired, or a dry card check to ensure that the test card has not been used before, or a calibration fluid check to ensure a sufficient volume of calibration fluid is delivered to the at least one sensor, or a vacuum check to ensure that a vacuum pump in the diagnostic sample analyzer is working, or a heater check to ensure that a heater in the diagnostic sample analyzer is working.

[0078] Example Embodiment 6: The method of any one of Example Embodiments 1-5, wherein the calibrating comprises delivering a calibration fluid having a known fluid property to the at least one sensor and measuring via the at least one sensor an electrical signal indicative of a value of the fluid property.

[0079] Example Embodiment 7: The method of any one of Example Embodiments 1-6, wherein upon receiving the test card, the executing of the initial tests and the prompting of a user are performed within 35 seconds.

[0080] Example Embodiment 8: A test card for use in a diagnostic sample analyzer, the test card comprising:

[0081] a sample inlet for receiving a liquid sample;

[0082] a sample storage area coupled to the sample inlet for receiving and storing the liquid sample;

[0083] at least one sensor configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of a value of a fluid property of the liquid sample in response to the liquid sample contacting the at least one sensor;

[0084] a sample passageway between the sample storage area and the at least one sensor, the sample passageway configured to prevent the liquid sample from travelling toward the at least one sensor when the liquid sample is received at the sample inlet and travels to the sample storage area; and

[0085] a vacuum port configured to connect to a vacuum pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer to draw the liquidsample from the sample storage area into contact with the at least one sensor.

[0086] Example Embodiment 9: The test card of any one of Example Embodiments 1-8, further comprising a vent hole in the sample storage area operative to allow air to escape as a liquid sample is injected into the sample inlet, wherein the vent hole is configured to connect to a positive pressure pump and the vacuum port is operative to function as a vent in conjunction with a positive pressure pump connected to the vent hole.

[0087] Example Embodiment 10: The test card of any one of Example Embodiments 1-9, wherein the sample storage area comprises an outlet and the sample passageway comprises a flow configuration coupled to the outlet that prevents the liquid sample from flowing out of the sample storage area until the vacuum pump is activated.

[0088] Example Embodiment 11: The test card of any one of Example Embodiments 1-10, wherein the at least one sensor is configured to generate a voltage, current, or conductivity signal indicative of a value of a fluid property of the liquid sample in response to the liquid sample contacting the at least one sensor.

[0089] Example Embodiment 12: The test card of any one of Example Embodiments 1-11, further comprising a calibration fluid pack coupled to the at least one sensor.

[0090] Example Embodiment 13: The test card of any one of Example Embodiments 1-12, further comprising:

[0091] a sensor channel having a first end coupled to the sample passageway for receiving the liquid sample, the sensor channel having an opening adjacent to the at least one sensor for enabling the liquid sample to contact the at least one sensor; wherein:

[0092] the vacuum port is coupled to a second end of the sensor channel and is configured to connect to the vacuum pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer to draw the liquid sample from the sample storage area through the sample passageway and sensor channel into contact with the at least one sensor.

[0093] Example Embodiment 14: The test card of any one of Example Embodiments 1-13, wherein the sample storage area includes an outlet and the sample passageway has a portion thereof extending away from the outlet of the sample storage area, the portion angled from 120 degrees to 150 degrees away from the flow of the liquid sample into the sample storage area received from the sample inlet, the portion having a cross-sectional area that is 10% to 20% of a cross-sectional area of the sample storage area.

[0094] Example Embodiment 15: The test card of any one of Example Embodiments 1-14, further comprising a waste passageway coupled between the second end of the sensor channel and the vacuum port to receive calibration fluid from the sensor channel after calibration of the at least one sensor.

[0095] Example Embodiment 16: The test card of any one of Example Embodiments 1-15, further comprising:

[0096] a calibration fluid pack coupled to the first end of the sensor channel; and

[0097] a valve and a bubble trap coupled between the calibration fluid pack and the first end of the sensor channel.

[0098] Example Embodiment 17: A diagnostic sample analyzer, comprising:

[0099] a test card reader configured to receive a test card;

[0100] a pump;

[0101] an input / output device;

[0102] a processor coupled to the test card reader, the pump, and the input / output device; and

[0103] a non-transitory memory coupled to the processor, the non-transitory memory including computer program instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to:

[0104] execute initial tests related to functionality of the test card and the pump in response to receiving the test card in the test card reader, the test card including at least one sensor configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of a value of a fluid property of a liquid sample;

[0105] prompt a user via the input / output device to apply the liquid sample to the test card in response to completion of the initial tests indicating no errors;

[0106] calibrate the at least one sensor in response to completion of at least one of the initial tests indicating no errors;

[0107] activate the pump to transfer the liquid sample applied to the test card to the at least one sensor in response to completion of sensor calibration, detection of the liquid sample received in the test card, or both;

[0108] process a generated electrical signal received at the test card reader from the at least one sensor to determine the value of the fluid property; and

[0109] communicate the value of the fluid property via the input / output device.

[0110] Example Embodiment 18: The diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of Example Embodiments 1-17, further comprising an optical sensor coupled to the processor and configured to detect the liquid sample received in the test card.

[0111] Example Embodiment 19: The diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of Example Embodiments 1-18, wherein the generated electrical signal received at the test card reader from the at least one sensor comprises one of a voltage, current, or conductivity signal.

[0112] Example Embodiment 20: The diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of Example Embodiments 1-19, further comprising the test card inserted in the test card reader.

[0113] Example Embodiment 21: The diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of Example Embodiments 1-20, wherein the diagnostic sample analyzer is or comprises a hand-held device.

[0114] Example Embodiment 22: A method of operating a diagnostic sample analyzer, the method comprising:

[0115] receiving a test card in the diagnostic sample analyzer, the test card including at least one sensor;

[0116] calibrating the at least one sensor via the processor after the receiving of the test card;

[0117] receiving a liquid sample at the test card before or during the calibrating;

[0118] analyzing via the processor the liquid sample received at the at least one sensor in response to at least completion of the calibrating; and

[0119] communicating results of the analyzing via the input / output device.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A method of operating a diagnostic sample analyzer, the method comprising: receiving a test card in the diagnostic sample analyzer, the test card including at least one sensor; executing initial tests related to the functionality of at least the test card via a processor of the diagnostic sample analyzer; prompting a user via an input / output device of the diagnostic sample analyzer to apply a liquid sample to the test card in response to completion of the initial tests indicating no errors; calibrating the at least one sensor via the processor in response to completion of at least one of the initial tests indicating no errors; analyzing via the processor the liquid sample at the at least one sensor in response to receiving the liquid sample at the at least one sensor; and communicating results of the analyzing via the input / output device.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a liquid sample at a sample inlet of the test card in response to the prompting, the sample inlet coupled to a sample storage area of the test card; detecting a presence of the liquid sample in the sample storage area via a sensor; and transferring the liquid sample from the sample storage area via a pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer to the at least one sensor in response to completion of the calibrating and the detecting the presence of the liquid sample.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving the liquid sample at the sample storage area in the test card from the sample inlet, the method further comprising preventing flow of the liquid sample from the sample storage area to the at least one sensor prior to the completion of the calibrating via a flow configuration of a sample passageway coupled to an outlet of the sample storage area.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the communicating comprises displaying the results of the analyzing via the input / output device.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial tests comprise a card validation check to ensure that the test card has not expired, or a dry card check to ensure that the test card has not been used before, or a calibration fluid check to ensure a sufficient volume of calibration fluid is delivered to the at least one sensor, or a vacuum check to ensure that a vacuum pump in the diagnostic sample analyzer is working, or a heater check to ensure that a heater in the diagnostic sample analyzer is working.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the calibrating comprises delivering a calibration fluid having a known fluid property to the at least one sensor and measuring via the at least one sensor an electrical signal indicative of a value of the fluid property.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein upon receiving the test card, the executing of the initial tests and the prompting of a user are performed within 35 seconds.

8. A test card for use in a diagnostic sample analyzer, the test card comprising:a sample inlet for receiving a liquid sample; a sample storage area coupled to the sample inlet for receiving and storing the liquid sample; at least one sensor configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of a value of a fluid property of the liquid sample in response to the liquid sample contacting the at least one sensor; a sample passageway between the sample storage area and the at least one sensor, the sample passageway configured to prevent the liquid sample from travelling toward the at least one sensor when the liquid sample is received at the sample inlet and travels to the sample storage area; and a vacuum port configured to connect to a vacuum pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer to draw the liquid sample from the sample storage area into contact with the at least one sensor.

9. The test card of claim 8, further comprising a vent hole in the sample storage area operative to allow air to escape as a liquid sample is injected into the sample inlet, wherein the vent hole is configured to connect to a positive pressure pump and the vacuum port is operative to function as a vent in conjunction with a positive pressure pump connected to the vent hole.

10. The test card of claim 8, wherein the sample storage area comprises an outlet and the sample passageway comprises a flow configuration coupled to the outlet that prevents the liquid sample from flowing out of the sample storage area until the vacuum pump is activated.

11. The test card of claim 8, wherein the at least one sensor is configured to generate a voltage, current, or conductivity signal indicative of a value of a fluid property of the liquidsample in response to the liquid sample contacting the at least one sensor.

12. The test card of claim 8, further comprising a calibration fluid pack coupled to the at least one sensor.

13. The test card of claim 8, further comprising: a sensor channel having a first end coupled to the sample passageway for receiving the liquid sample, the sensor channel having an opening adjacent to the at least one sensor for enabling the liquid sample to contact the at least one sensor; wherein: the vacuum port is coupled to a second end of the sensor channel and is configured to connect to the vacuum pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer to draw the liquid sample from the sample storage area through the sample passageway and sensor channel into contact with the at least one sensor.

14. The test card of claim 13, wherein the sample storage area includes an outlet and the sample passageway has a portion thereof extending away from the outlet of the sample storage area, the portion angled from 120 degrees to 150 degrees away from the flow of the liquid sample into the sample storage area received from the sample inlet, the portion having a cross-sectional area that is 10% to 20% of a cross-sectional area of the sample storage area.

15. The test card of claim 13, further comprising a waste passageway coupled between the second end of the sensor channel and the vacuum port to receive calibration fluid from the sensor channel after calibration of the at least one sensor.

16. The test card of claim 13, further comprising:a calibration fluid pack coupled to the first end of the sensor channel; and a valve and a bubble trap coupled between the calibration fluid pack and the first end of the sensor channel.

17. A diagnostic sample analyzer, comprising: a test card reader configured to receive a test card; a pump; an input / output device; a processor coupled to the test card reader, the pump, and the input / output device; and a non-transitory memory coupled to the processor, the non-transitory memory including computer program instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to: execute initial tests related to functionality of the test card and the pump in response to receiving the test card in the test card reader, the test card including at least one sensor configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of a value of a fluid property of a liquid sample; prompt a user via the input / output device to apply the liquid sample to the test card in response to completion of the initial tests indicating no errors; calibrate the at least one sensor in response to completion of at least one of the initial tests indicating no errors; activate the pump to transfer the liquid sample applied to the test card to the at least one sensor in response to completion of sensor calibration, detection of the liquid sample received in the test card, or both; process a generated electrical signal received at the test card reader from the at least one sensor to determine the value of the fluid property; and communicate the value of the fluid property via the input / output device.

18. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 17, further comprising an optical sensor coupled to the processor and configured to detect the liquid sample received in the test card.

19. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 17, wherein the generated electrical signal received at the test card reader from the at least one sensor comprises one of a voltage, current, or conductivity signal.

20. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 17, further comprising the test card inserted in the test card reader.

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