Head-up display structure and vehicle

Abstract

A head-up display structure and a vehicle. The head-up display structure comprises an image generating unit, a lens unit, and an adjustment unit. The lens unit comprises a light incident side light-transmitting member, a light exit side light-transmitting member, and an intermediate light-transmitting member. A sealed accommodating space is defined between the light incident side light-transmitting member and the light exit side light-transmitting member. The intermediate light-transmitting member is formed by a light-transmitting liquid, and the light-transmitting liquid is filled within the accommodating space. The adjustment unit is used for injecting the light-transmitting liquid into or withdrawing the light-transmitting liquid from the accommodating space so as to adjust the refractive power of the lens unit.

Description

Head-up display structure and vehicles

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application is based on and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 2024110626814, filed on August 1, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of zoom lens technology, and more specifically, to a head-up display structure and a vehicle using the head-up display structure. Background Technology

[0004] Head-up display (HUD) optical systems are now widely used in automotive displays. They typically consist of an image generation unit, one or more lenses, and a combination of one or more reflectors. Their function is to present a virtual image several meters in front of the driver, allowing them to see the road ahead while simultaneously viewing the displayed scene. This effectively reduces the time and frequency of checking the instrument panel and GPS, making driving safer.

[0005] Currently, most HUD systems on the market are fixed-focus optical systems, meaning the virtual image position remains stationary. Since the focusing distance of a driver's eyes changes with vehicle speed, the faster the vehicle travels, the farther the focusing distance becomes. However, since the virtual image position of a HUD remains stationary, the human eye is prone to blurred vision when the virtual image defocuses when changing focus. Furthermore, the actual road conditions are very complex, and issues such as background reflection and image size can also make the image appear unclear, leading to significant visual fatigue. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One objective of this application is to provide a head-up display structure that can reduce driver visual fatigue.

[0007] This application also proposes a vehicle having the above-described head-up display structure.

[0008] The head-up display structure provided according to some embodiments of this application includes: an image generation unit; a lens unit disposed on the light-emitting side of the image generation unit, the lens unit including an incident light-transmitting element, an emitting light-transmitting element and an intermediate light-transmitting element, a sealed receiving space defined between the incident light-transmitting element and the emitting light-transmitting element, the intermediate light-transmitting element being composed of a light-transmitting liquid, the light-transmitting liquid filling the receiving space, at least one of the incident light-transmitting element and the emitting light-transmitting element being composed of a light-transmitting film; and an adjustment unit connected to the lens unit, the adjustment unit being used to inject or draw out the light-transmitting liquid into or out of the receiving space to adjust the refractive power of the lens unit.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the head-up display structure provided in this application, by making the intermediate light-transmitting element composed of light-transmitting liquid, and making at least one of the light-incident side light-transmitting element and the light-exit side light-transmitting element composed of a light-transmitting film, the adjustment unit can change the overall refractive power of the lens unit by injecting or drawing out the light-transmitting liquid into the receiving space according to actual needs. It has good flexibility. When applied to a vehicle, it can enable the driver to see the road conditions ahead while also seeing the instrument panel information and navigation information, and can reduce the load on the driver's eyes and reduce driver visual fatigue.

[0010] In addition, the header display structure of this application may also have the following additional technical features:

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, the head-up display structure further includes: at least one reflector disposed on the light-emitting side of the lens unit. When there are multiple reflectors, the multiple reflectors include a first reflector and a second reflector. The first reflector is located on the light-emitting side of the lens unit, and the second reflector is located on the light-emitting side of the first reflector. In a first direction, the second reflector is located on the side of the lens unit opposite to the first reflector.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the reflecting surface of the reflector is a concave surface, a convex surface, or a plane.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the lens unit further includes a lens bracket, wherein the light-incident light-transmitting element and the light-exiting light-transmitting element are both mounted on the lens bracket, and the lens bracket, the light-incident light-transmitting element, and the light-exiting light-transmitting element define the accommodating space.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, one of the light-incident light-transmitting element and the light-exiting light-transmitting element is composed of a light-transmitting film, and the other of the light-incident light-transmitting element and the light-exiting light-transmitting element is composed of a plastic lens or a glass lens.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the light-emitting surface of the plastic lens or the glass lens is a convex surface, a concave surface, or a plane, and / or the light-incident surface of the plastic lens or the glass lens is a convex surface, a concave surface, or a plane.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the adjustment unit includes an actuator and a reservoir, wherein the reservoir's storage space is connected to the containment space, and the actuator is used to inject or draw out the light-transmitting liquid from the containment space.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, the light-transmitting liquid includes one of water and silicone oil.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, the light-transmitting film includes a PDMS film.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, the thickness H of the light-transmitting film satisfies: 0.1mm ≤ H ≤ 2mm.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the head-up display structure further includes a display screen disposed on the light-emitting side of the lens unit for displaying image information.

[0021] Some embodiments of this application also propose a vehicle including a head-up display structure.

[0022] According to some embodiments of this application, a vehicle is provided with a head-up display structure as described above. The display screen of the head-up display structure is the windshield of the vehicle. By making the intermediate light-transmitting element composed of light-transmitting liquid, and making at least one of the light-incident and light-exiting light-transmitting elements composed of a light-transmitting film, the adjustment unit can change the overall refractive power of the lens unit by injecting or withdrawing the light-transmitting liquid into or out of the receiving space according to actual needs. This provides good flexibility. When applied to a vehicle, it allows the driver to see the road conditions ahead while also seeing the instrument panel information and navigation information, and reduces the load on the driver's eyes and reduces driver visual fatigue.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present application and, together with their description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the head-up display structure and windshield according to an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the lens unit of the head-up display structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the lens unit and adjustment unit of the head-up display structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Reference numerals: 10. Head-up display structure; 1. Image generation unit; 2. Lens unit; 21. Light-incident side light-transmitting element; 22. Light-out side light-transmitting element; 23. Lens support; 24. Accommodation space; 25. Middle light-transmitting element; 31. First reflector; 32. Second reflector; 33. Windshield; 4. Adjustment unit; 41. Actuator; 42. Liquid reservoir. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0030] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," and "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0031] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] The head-up display structure 10 according to an embodiment of this application is described below with reference to Figures 1-3. The dashed lines in Figure 1 represent light rays.

[0033] As shown in Figures 1-3, the head-up display structure 10 according to an embodiment of this application includes an image generation unit 1, a lens unit 2, and an adjustment unit 4. The adjustment unit 4 is not shown in Figure 1. The image generation unit 1 can emit light carrying image information. The lens unit 2 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the image generation unit 1. Taking the head-up display structure 10 as an example applied to a vehicle, the light emitted by the image generation unit 1 can pass through the lens unit 2 and then be emitted towards the windshield 33 of the vehicle. After being reflected by the windshield 33, it enters the driver's eyes, so that the driver can see the image information emitted by the image generation unit 1 while clearly seeing the road conditions ahead.

[0034] For example, the image information emitted by the image generation unit 1 includes dashboard information and navigation information; of course, it may also include other driving information, which is not limited in this application. Thus, the driver can see both dashboard information and navigation information while clearly seeing the road conditions ahead, which can significantly improve vehicle driving safety.

[0035] Furthermore, a sealed receiving space 24 is defined between the light-incident light-transmitting element 21 and the light-exiting light-transmitting element 22. The intermediate light-transmitting element 25 is made of a light-transmitting liquid, which fills the receiving space 24. At least one of the light-incident light-transmitting element 21 and the light-exiting light-transmitting element 22 is made of a light-transmitting film. The adjustment unit 4 is connected to the lens unit 2. The adjustment unit 4 is used to inject or draw out the light-transmitting liquid into the receiving space 24 to adjust the refractive power of the lens unit 2.

[0036] In other words, during vehicle operation, the driver's eye focusing distance changes with vehicle speed. For example, the faster the vehicle speed, the farther the human eye needs to focus. In this application, by making the intermediate light-transmitting element 25 composed of a light-transmitting liquid, and by making at least one of the light-incident side light-transmitting element 21 and the light-exit side light-transmitting element 22 composed of a light-transmitting film, the lens unit 2 can adjust its refractive power according to the change in vehicle speed. This reduces the driver's eye focusing distance while allowing the driver to see the instrument panel information and navigation information at the same time as clearly seeing the road conditions ahead. Alternatively, the driver can see the instrument panel information and navigation information without changing the focusing distance of their eyes. This reduces the driver's eye focus adjustment, alleviates the load on the driver's eyes, and reduces driver visual fatigue.

[0037] Specifically, to adjust the refractive power of lens unit 2, the adjustment unit can inject or withdraw light-transmitting liquid into the receiving space 24. Taking the injection of light-transmitting liquid into the receiving space 24 as an example, the light-transmitting liquid can cause the light-transmitting film to bulge outward, thereby changing the volume and shape of the intermediate light-transmitting element 25. At the same time, when the light-transmitting film deforms, its shape and thickness will also change to a certain extent, thus changing the overall refractive power of lens unit 2. The principle of adjusting the refractive power of lens unit 2 by withdrawing light-transmitting liquid from the receiving space 24 is roughly the same as that of adjusting the refractive power of lens unit 2 by injecting light-transmitting liquid into the receiving space 24, and will not be elaborated here.

[0038] According to the head-up display structure 10 of this application embodiment, by making the intermediate light-transmitting element 25 composed of light-transmitting liquid, and making at least one of the light-incident side light-transmitting element 21 and the light-exit side light-transmitting element 22 composed of light-transmitting film, the adjustment unit can change the overall refractive power of the lens unit 2 by injecting or drawing out the light-transmitting liquid into or out of the receiving space 24 according to actual needs. It has good flexibility. When applied to a vehicle, it can enable the driver to see the road conditions ahead while also seeing the instrument panel information and navigation information, and can reduce the load on the driver's eyes and reduce driver visual fatigue.

[0039] In addition, it should be noted that the refractive power of the lens unit 2 is adjusted by injecting or drawing out the light-transmitting liquid into the receiving space 24 through the adjustment unit. Therefore, the size of the lens unit 2 can be designed according to actual needs. For example, the image generation unit 1 can have a large light-emitting surface. The lens unit 2 of this application can be matched with the image generation unit 1 with a large light-emitting surface, thereby making the head-up display structure 10 of this application more flexible.

[0040] In some embodiments of this application, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the lens unit 2 further includes a lens bracket 23. The light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side and the light-transmitting element 22 on the light-exiting side are both mounted on the lens bracket 23. That is, the light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side and the light-transmitting element 22 can be mounted on the lens bracket 23, which serves as a carrier. In other words, the light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side and the light-transmitting element 22 are indirectly connected through the lens bracket 23. This allows for better assembly of the light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side and the light-transmitting element 22, avoiding mutual interference between them, such as affecting the light-transmitting area. Moreover, the indirect connection between the light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side and the light-transmitting element 22 through the lens bracket 23 also allows for better design of the shape and size of the light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side and the light-transmitting element 22, without being affected or limited by the size of the light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side and the light-transmitting element 22, thus providing good flexibility. In addition, the light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side and the light-transmitting element 22 on the light-exiting side are indirectly connected by the lens bracket 23, which also facilitates sealing between the lens bracket 23 and the light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side, and between the lens bracket 23 and the light-transmitting element 22 on the light-exiting side.

[0041] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the lens holder 23, the light-incident light-transmitting element 21, and the light-exiting light-transmitting element 22 define the accommodating space 24. Referring to Figure 2, the lens holder 23 is a cylindrical shape with openings on both sides. The light-incident light-transmitting element 21 and the light-exiting light-transmitting element 22 are respectively installed at the openings on both sides of the lens holder 23, which is simple in structure and easy to assemble.

[0042] For example, both the light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side and the light-transmitting element 22 on the light-exiting side can be light-transmitting films.

[0043] For example, one of the light-incident light-transmitting element 21 and the light-exiting light-transmitting element 22 is composed of a light-transmitting film, and the other of the light-incident light-transmitting element 21 and the light-exiting light-transmitting element 22 is composed of a plastic lens or a glass lens. For example, the light-incident light-transmitting element 21 is composed of a light-transmitting film, and the light-exiting light-transmitting element 22 is composed of a glass lens; for example, the light-side light-transmitting element is composed of a glass lens, and the light-exiting light-transmitting element 22 is composed of a light-transmitting film.

[0044] Referring to a specific example shown in Figures 1 and 2, the light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side is composed of a light-transmitting film, and the light-transmitting element 22 on the light-exiting side is composed of a glass lens. Both the light-transmitting element 21 on the light-incident side and the light-exiting element 22 are mounted on a light-transmitting bracket. Thus, the light-transmitting film, the intermediate light-transmitting element 25 composed of light-transmitting liquid, and the glass lens have different refractive indices. By designing the thickness of the light-transmitting film and the glass lens, and by adjusting the unit to inject or draw the light-transmitting liquid into or out of the receiving space 24, the range of refractive power of the light-transmitting unit can be designed well, and the refractive power of the light-transmitting unit can be adjusted well. Moreover, the structure is simple and the operation is convenient.

[0045] Optionally, the light-emitting surface of the plastic lens or glass lens is convex, concave, or flat, and / or the light-incident surface of the plastic lens or glass lens is convex, concave, or flat.

[0046] For example, the convex surface can be an arc surface or a freeform surface, and this application does not impose any restrictions. Similarly, the concave surface can also be an arc surface or a freeform surface, and this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0047] For example, the light-emitting surface and the light-incident surface of the plastic lens or the glass lens are both flat, that is, the light-emitting side light-transmitting element 22 is a flat plate lens. The light-incident surface and the light-emitting surface of the flat plate lens have no curvature. Therefore, the flat plate lens will not change the converging state of the parallel beam. Thus, when the adjustment unit injects or leads out the light-transmitting liquid into the receiving space 24 to adjust the refractive force of the light-transmitting unit, the flat plate lens can reduce the influence on the refractive force of the light-transmitting unit, thereby reducing the adjustment difficulty of the adjustment unit.

[0048] For example, both the light-emitting surface and the light-receiving surface of a plastic lens or a glass lens are concave.

[0049] For example, both the light-emitting surface and the light-receiving surface of a plastic lens or a glass lens are convex.

[0050] For example, the light-emitting surface of a plastic lens or a glass lens is convex, while the light-incident surface is concave.

[0051] For example, the light-emitting surface of a plastic lens or a glass lens is concave, while the light-incident surface is convex.

[0052] The above examples can be customized according to actual needs; this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0053] In some embodiments of this application, the head-up display structure 10 further includes at least one reflector disposed on the light-emitting side of the lens unit 2. When there are multiple reflectors, the multiple reflectors include a first reflector 31 and a second reflector 32. The first reflector 31 is located on the light-emitting side of the lens unit 2, and the second reflector 32 is located on the light-emitting side of the first reflector 31. In a first direction, the second reflector 32 is located on the side of the lens unit 2 opposite to the first reflector 31. Referring to an example shown in FIG1, the first direction can be a front-back direction. The head-up display structure 10 includes two reflectors, which are referred to as the first reflector 31 and the second reflector 32 for ease of description. The first reflector 31 can reflect the light emitted from the lens unit 2 toward the second reflector 32, and the second reflector 32 can reflect the light emitted from the first reflector 31 toward the windshield 33. Then, the windshield 33 reflects the light toward the driver's eyes, thereby enabling the driver to see the instrument panel information and navigation information while clearly seeing the road conditions ahead. It is understandable that there can be one reflector, or three or more reflectors; there are no restrictions here.

[0054] For example, the reflecting surface of a mirror is concave; when the reflecting surface of a mirror is concave, such a mirror is called a concave mirror or concave reflector. The shape of a concave mirror can be part of a sphere, or it can be an aspherical shape such as a parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola. The main characteristic of a concave mirror is its ability to converge incident light rays parallel to its principal axis (the central axis of the mirror surface) to a single point, called the focal point. If the incident light originates from the focal point, the light rays will be reflected in parallel. This property of concave mirrors allows them to be used for focusing light rays.

[0055] For example, the reflecting surface of a mirror is convex; when the reflecting surface of a mirror is convex, such a mirror is called a convex mirror or a convex mirror. In contrast to a concave mirror, the main function of a convex mirror is to diverge parallel incident light rays, that is, the reflected light rays appear to originate from a virtual focal point. This means that a convex mirror cannot converge light rays to a point, but rather makes the light rays wider and more dispersed.

[0056] For example, the reflecting surface of a mirror is a plane. When the reflecting surface of a mirror is a plane, this type of mirror is called a plane mirror. Plane mirrors are the most common type of mirror. Plane mirrors follow the rules of "image and object being equidistant, the same size, and facing each other," forming a virtual image that is the same size and orientation as the real object. This means that the image in a plane mirror is formed by the intersection of the extensions of reflected light rays, rather than the actual intersection of light rays.

[0057] As in the example above, the reflector includes a first reflector 31 and a second reflector 32. The first reflector 31 can be a concave mirror, a convex mirror, or a plane mirror, and the second reflector 32 can be a concave mirror, a convex mirror, or a plane mirror. The specific settings can be made according to actual needs, and this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0058] In some embodiments of this application, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the adjustment unit 4 includes an actuator 41 and a reservoir 42. The reservoir 42 has a storage space and a receiving space 24 connected. The actuator 41 is used to inject or draw out the light-transmitting liquid into the receiving space 24. That is, the actuator 41 can inject the light-transmitting liquid stored in the storage space into the receiving space 24, and the actuator can also draw the light-transmitting liquid in the receiving space 24 into the storage space. Thus, by adding the reservoir 42, sufficient light-transmitting liquid can be provided to the lens unit 2, and sufficient storage space can also be provided when the lens unit 2 discharges the light-transmitting liquid.

[0059] For example, the light-transmitting liquid in the reservoir 42 can be updated to ensure the light transmittance of the liquid.

[0060] Optionally, the light-transmitting liquid includes either water or silicone oil. For example, the water can be ultrapure water, also known as high-purity water, deionized water, or ultraclean water, which refers to water that has undergone special treatment to remove almost all impurities (including minerals, organic matter, bacteria, viruses, and almost all conductive ions). For example, the light-transmitting liquid can also be silicone oil, liquid hydrogen, etc., and this application does not impose any limitations.

[0061] In some embodiments of this application, the light-transmitting film includes a PDMS film. PDMS film, or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is a silicone-based polymer material with good optical transparency, elasticity, and breathability, as well as good temperature resistance, maintaining stable performance over a wide temperature range. Optionally, the light-transmitting film can also be composed of other materials, optionally made of flexible, transparent, and waterproof materials, such as clear and elastic polyolefins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polyethers, polyesters, polyamides, and polyurethanes.

[0062] In some embodiments of this application, the thickness H of the light-transmitting film satisfies: 0.1mm ≤ H ≤ 2mm. Exemplarily, the thickness H of the light-transmitting film is 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.3mm, 1.6mm, 1.9mm, or 2mm. By ensuring the light-transmitting film meets these dimensions, it can exhibit good structural strength, high reliability, and good stability during deformation. Variations in the thickness of the light-transmitting film also affect the elastic modulus, which in turn alters the optical effect. Therefore, the thickness of the light-transmitting film can be designed according to actual needs.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, the head-up display structure 10 also includes a display screen, which is disposed on the light-emitting side of the lens unit 2 and is used to display image information. That is, the image information emitted by the image generation unit 1 can be emitted towards the display screen through the lens unit 2, thereby forming an image on the display screen. The adjustment unit can inject or withdraw light-transmitting liquid into or from the receiving space 24 according to actual needs, so as to change the overall refractive power of the lens unit 2, which can improve the user experience.

[0064] This application also proposes a vehicle having the head-up display structure 10 of the above embodiments.

[0065] According to the vehicle of the present application embodiment, by providing the head-up display structure 10 of the above embodiment, the display screen of the head-up display structure 10 is the windshield 33 of the vehicle. By making the intermediate light-transmitting element 25 composed of light-transmitting liquid, and making at least one of the light-incident side light-transmitting element 21 and the light-exit side light-transmitting element 22 composed of light-transmitting film, the adjustment unit can change the overall refractive power of the lens unit 2 by injecting or withdrawing light-transmitting liquid into or out of the receiving space 24 according to actual needs. It has good flexibility. When applied to a vehicle, it can enable the driver to see the road conditions ahead while also seeing the instrument panel information and navigation information, and can reduce the load on the driver's eyes and reduce driver visual fatigue.

[0066] The head-up display structure 10 according to the embodiments of this application, as well as other configurations and operations of the vehicle having it, are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0067] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "optionally," "furthermore," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0068] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A head-up display structure (10), wherein, Comprising: an image generating unit (1); a lens unit (2) disposed on the light exit side of the image generating unit (1), the lens unit (2) comprising an entrance-side light-transmissive piece (21), an exit-side light-transmissive piece (22), and an intermediate light-transmissive piece (25), the entrance-side light-transmissive piece (21) and the exit-side light-transmissive piece (22) defining a sealed accommodation space (24) therebetween, the intermediate light-transmissive piece (25) being composed of a light-transmissive liquid, the light-transmissive liquid being filled in the accommodation space (24), at least one of the entrance-side light-transmissive piece (21) and the exit-side light-transmissive piece (22) being composed of a light-transmissive film; an adjusting unit (4) connected to the lens unit (2), the adjusting unit (4) being configured to inject or draw the light-transmissive liquid into or out of the accommodation space (24) to adjust the refractive power of the lens unit (2).

2. The head-up display structure (10) according to claim 1, wherein Further comprising at least one mirror disposed on the light exit side of the lens unit (2), when the mirror is a plurality, the plurality of mirrors comprising a first mirror (31) and a second mirror (32), the first mirror (31) being located on the light exit side of the lens unit (2), the second mirror (32) being located on the light exit side of the first mirror (31), and in a first direction, the second mirror (32) is located on the side of the lens unit (2) away from the first mirror (31).

3. The head-up display structure (10) according to claim 2, wherein The reflecting surface of the mirror is a concave surface, a convex surface, or a plane.

4. The head-up display structure (10) according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein The lens unit (2) further comprises a lens holder (23), the entrance-side light-transmissive piece (21) and the exit-side light-transmissive piece (22) are both mounted on the lens holder (23), the lens holder (23), the entrance-side light-transmissive piece (21), and the exit-side light-transmissive piece (22) define the accommodation space (24).

5. The head-up display structure (10) according to claim 1 or 4, wherein One of the entrance-side light-transmissive piece (21) and the exit-side light-transmissive piece (22) is composed of a light-transmissive film, and the other is composed of a plastic lens or a glass lens.

6. The head-up display structure (10) according to claim 5, wherein The exit surface of the plastic lens or the glass lens is a convex surface, a concave surface, or a plane, and / or the entrance surface of the plastic lens or the glass lens is a convex surface, a concave surface, or a plane.

7. The head-up display structure (10) according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The adjusting unit (4) comprises an actuator (41) and a liquid reservoir (42), the liquid reservoir space of the liquid reservoir (42) and the accommodation space (24) are in communication, and the actuator (41) is configured to inject or draw the light-transmissive liquid into or out of the accommodation space (24).

8. The head-up display structure (10) according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The light-transmissive liquid comprises one of water and silicone oil.

9. The head-up display structure (10) according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The light-transmissive film comprises a PDMS film.

10. The head-up display structure (10) according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein, The thickness H of the light-transmissive film satisfies 0.1mm≤H≤2mm.

11. The head-up display structure (10) according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein, Further comprising a display screen disposed on the light exit side of the lens unit (2) and configured to display image information.

12. A vehicle, wherein, The head-up display structure (10) of any one of claims 1-11, the display screen of the head-up display structure (10) being a windshield (33) of the vehicle.

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