Opening and closing mechanism of sliding plug door, sliding plug door and opening and closing method therefor, and railway freight car

Abstract

An opening and closing mechanism of a sliding plug door, a sliding plug door and an opening and closing method therefor, and a railway freight car. An opening and closing mechanism (14) of a sliding plug door (100) comprises two first pull rods (145) and a first operating component (141), wherein one end of one of the first pull rods (145) is configured for rotatable connection to one door shaft (12) of the sliding plug door (100), and one end of the other first pull rod (145) is configured for rotatable connection to the other door shaft (12) of the sliding plug door (100); the other ends of the two first pull rods (145) are both directly or indirectly connected to the first operating component (141), and the first operating component (141) rotates to drive the two first pull rods (145) to pull the two door shafts (12) to rotate. The sliding plug door (100) comprises a door body (11) and an opening and closing mechanism (14) of the sliding plug door (100) disposed on the door body (11). The opening and closing method for a sliding plug door is based on the sliding plug door (100). The railway freight car comprises a door frame (200) and the sliding plug door (100) cooperating with the door frame (200).

Description

A sliding door opening and closing mechanism, the sliding door and its opening and closing method, and railway freight cars.

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411047140.4, filed on July 31, 2024, entitled "A sliding door opening and closing mechanism, a sliding door and its opening and closing method, and a railway freight car", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, specifically to a sliding door opening and closing mechanism, a sliding door and its opening and closing method, and a railway freight car. Background Technology

[0003] One type of door for railway freight cars is the sliding door. The sliding door has a door hinge and a locking mechanism. The rotation of the door hinge can move the sliding door outward or inward. The locking mechanism includes a pull rod and a locking pin. The locking pin can be inserted into the lock hole of the door frame to lock.

[0004] Sliding doors typically have a first handle and two second handles. Turning the first handle rotates the lever, which in turn causes the locking pin to insert or remove from the lock hole. The two second handles control the rotation of the two door hinges, thus moving the sliding door outwards or inwards.

[0005] When opening and closing the sliding door, the operator needs to adjust the second handles on both sides simultaneously to rotate both door hinges, thereby moving the sliding door outward or inward. During operation, the operator must constantly adjust the position of the two second handles, making the operation inconvenient. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a sliding door opening and closing mechanism, a sliding door and its opening and closing method, and a railway freight car, so as to make the opening and closing operation of the sliding door more convenient.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a sliding door opening and closing mechanism, comprising:

[0008] Two first pull rods, one end of which is rotatably connected to one hinge of the sliding door, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the other hinge of the sliding door;

[0009] The first operating component has the other ends of the two first pull rods directly or indirectly connected to it. The first operating component rotates to drive the two first pull rods to pull the two door hinges to rotate.

[0010] Optionally, the switching mechanism further includes an input gear, the first operating component and the input gear are connected in a transmission connection, and the first operating component can drive the input gear to rotate;

[0011] The switching mechanism further includes a transmission gear, the input gear meshes with the transmission gear, and the diameter of the input gear is smaller than the diameter of the transmission gear; the first pull rod is rotatably connected to the transmission gear to indirectly connect with the first operating component.

[0012] Optionally, the switching mechanism further includes a second operating component and a locking part. The second operating component is rotatable to simultaneously drive the locking mechanism of the sliding door and the locking part to rotate. The locking part can be used to lock the first operating component.

[0013] The second operating component and the locking part are configured as follows:

[0014] When the second operating component rotates to drive the locking mechanism to lock the sliding door and the door frame, the locking part locks the first operating component; when the second operating component rotates to drive the locking mechanism to unlock the sliding door and the door frame, the locking part unlocks the first operating component.

[0015] Optionally, the locking part is a locking pin, and the edge of the transmission gear is provided with a notch. The second operating component can rotate to drive the locking pin to engage in the notch and lock the transmission gear, or disengage from the notch and unlock the transmission gear, thereby indirectly locking or unlocking the first operating component.

[0016] Optionally, the first operating component is a handwheel, and / or the second operating component is a handle.

[0017] Optionally, the switching mechanism further includes a second operating component and a locking part. The second operating component is rotatable to simultaneously drive the locking mechanism of the sliding door and the locking part to rotate. The locking part can be used to lock the first operating component.

[0018] The second operating component and the locking part are configured as follows:

[0019] When the second operating component rotates to drive the locking mechanism to lock the sliding door and the door frame, the locking part locks the first operating component; when the second operating component rotates to drive the locking mechanism to unlock the sliding door and the door frame, the locking part unlocks the first operating component.

[0020] Optionally, the transmission gear has an arc-shaped hole; the switching mechanism further includes a limiting post that can be inserted into the arc-shaped hole, the limiting post being located at one end of the arc-shaped hole, the sliding door moving outward to an inner limiting position, the limiting post being located at the other end of the arc-shaped hole, the sliding door moving to an outer limiting position.

[0021] Optionally, the transmission gear has a toothed section, which is part of the outer periphery of the transmission gear, and the input gear meshes with the toothed section;

[0022] The input gear meshes with one end of the toothed segment, and the plug is located at the outer limiting position. The input gear meshes with the other end of the toothed segment, and the plug is located at the inner limiting position.

[0023] This application also provides a sliding door, including a door body and a switching mechanism disposed on the door body, wherein the switching mechanism is the switching mechanism of the sliding door described in the third to fifth items above;

[0024] The locking mechanism of the sliding door includes:

[0025] A locking pin, which engages with a lock hole in the door frame to lock the sliding door and the door frame;

[0026] The four-bar linkage mechanism, wherein rotation of the second operating component can cause the four-bar linkage mechanism to deform;

[0027] Two sets of second pull rods, one set of second pull rods is distributed vertically and located on one side of the four-bar linkage in the width direction of the sliding door, and the other set of second pull rods is distributed vertically and located on the other side of the four-bar linkage in the width direction of the sliding door.

[0028] One end of the second pull rod is connected to a locking pin, and the other end is connected to the four-bar linkage. The deformation of the four-bar linkage can drive the second pull rod to drive the corresponding locking pin to insert into or disengage from the lock hole.

[0029] This application also provides a railway freight car, including a door frame and a sliding door that cooperates with the door frame, wherein the sliding door is the sliding door described above.

[0030] This application also provides a method for opening and closing a sliding door, based on the sliding door described above, including:

[0031] To open the sliding door: Operate the second operating component, the second lever of the locking mechanism drives the locking pin to disengage from the lock hole to unlock; then operate the first operating component, the first lever drives the door hinge to rotate, thereby pushing the sliding door outward; push the sliding door forward along the width direction of the vehicle to open the sliding door.

[0032] To close the sliding door: Push the sliding door in the opposite direction along the width of the vehicle, operate the first operating component, and the first lever drives the door hinge to rotate, thereby pushing the sliding door inward; then operate the second operating component, and the second lever of the locking mechanism drives the locking pin to insert into the lock hole to lock.

[0033] In this application, two first pull rods are connected to the first operating component. By pulling the two door hinges respectively, the first operating component is rotated, which drives the two first pull rods to rotate. This, in turn, pulls the two door hinges to rotate synchronously. This eliminates the need to repeatedly adjust the rotation angle of the second handles on both sides as in the prior art, thus making the opening and closing of the sliding door more convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding door in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the assembled sliding door and door frame shown in Figure 1;

[0036] Figure 3 is the front view of Figure 2;

[0037] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the casing of the opening and closing mechanism of the sliding door in Figure 3;

[0038] Figure 5 is the left view of Figure 4;

[0039] Figure 6 is an enlarged view of part C in Figure 4;

[0040] Figure 7 is an enlarged view of part D in Figure 5;

[0041] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism of the sliding door in Figure 2, shown from the inside out.

[0042] Figure 9 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Figure 8;

[0043] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the switching mechanism in Figure 8 from another perspective, which is the view from the outside to the inside.

[0044] Figure 11 is the front view of Figure 10;

[0045] Figure 12 is a rear side view of Figure 11;

[0046] Figure 13 is an enlarged view of part B in Figure 10;

[0047] Figure 14 is a side view of the switching mechanism in Figure 9;

[0048] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the first pull rod and the transmission gear shown by the dashed line in Figure 11. At this time, the first pull rod is in the inner limit position.

[0049] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the first pull rod in Figure 15 rotating to the outer limit position;

[0050] Figure 17 shows another perspective of the sliding door in Figure 1;

[0051] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the sliding door in Figure 17 in the unlocked state;

[0052] Figure 19 is an enlarged view of part E in Figure 17;

[0053] Figure 20 is a structural schematic diagram of the guide component in Figure 19;

[0054] Figure 21 is a front view of the guide component in Figure 20;

[0055] Figure 22 is the right view of Figure 21;

[0056] Figure 23 is an enlarged view of the position of the spring rod in Figure 17;

[0057] Figure 24 is an enlarged view of the position of the spring rod in Figure 18.

[0058] Reference numerals: 100-Pipe door; 11-Door body; 12-Door hinge; 13-Bottom roller; 14-Switch mechanism; 141-First operating component; 142-Second operating component; 1421-Rotating shaft; 14211-Drive shaft section; 143-Outer shell; 144-Drive gear; 144a-Notch; 144b-Arc-shaped hole; 1441-Toothed section; 145-First pull rod; 146-Mounting plate; 147-Locking part; 148-Input gear; 149-Locking rod; 1410-Limiting post; 15-Top roller; 16-Crank; 17-Locking mechanism; 1 71-First connecting rod; 172-Second connecting rod; 173-Second tie rod; 174-Spring rod; 1741-Spring; 1742-Fixing rod; 1743-Connecting rod; 18-Locking pin; 19-Guide component; 191-Limiting pin; 192-U-shaped plate; 1921-Limiting plate; 1922-Base plate; 192a-Perforation; 193-Guide plate; 194-Bolt; 110-Support beam; 1101-Side beam plate; 200-Door frame; 21-Bottom track; 22-Top track. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0060] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0061] Please refer to Figures 1-5. Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the sliding door 100 in the embodiment of this application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the sliding door 100 and the door frame 200 assembled in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a front view of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism 14 of the sliding door 100 with the housing 143 in Figure 3; Figure 5 is a left view of Figure 4.

[0062] This embodiment provides a switching mechanism 14 for a sliding door 100, which controls the opening and closing of the sliding door 100. The sliding door 100 is assembled with the vehicle's door frame 200. When the sliding door 100 is opened, it needs to be pushed outwards, and then the sliding door 100 can move along the track of the door frame 200 in the width direction of the vehicle to open the door frame 200 and open the door. When the door is closed, the sliding door 100 moves in the opposite direction in the width direction along the track of the vehicle, and then the sliding door 100 is pushed inwards and locked. The terms "outer" and "inner" mentioned here can be based on the vehicle's passenger compartment, with the side closer to the interior of the passenger compartment being the inner side and the side farther from the interior being the outer side. The door frame 200 is installed on the passenger compartment and can also be an integral structure with the passenger compartment. The terms "upper" and "lower" mentioned in this embodiment refer to the upper and lower positions when the vehicle is in a normal driving state, and the upper and lower directions are also vertical.

[0063] Please continue to refer to Figures 6 and 7 for understanding. Figure 6 is an enlarged view of part C in Figure 4; Figure 7 is an enlarged view of part D in Figure 5.

[0064] The top of the door frame 200 is provided with a top track 22. The sliding door 100 includes a door body 11, and two door hinges 12 are provided on the outer side of the door body 11. Each door hinge 12 has a crank 16 at its upper and lower ends. The crank 16 is an L-shaped structure. The crank 16 and the vertically extending door hinge 12 are integrally or separately fixed. The crank 16 at the upper end of the door hinge 12 is connected to a top roller 15, and the axis of the top roller 15 is set vertically. The crank 16 at the lower end of the door hinge 12 is connected to a bottom roller 13, and the axis of the bottom roller 13 is set horizontally. The bottom of the door frame 200 is provided with a bottom track 21. The bottom roller 13 can move along the bottom track 21, and the top roller 15 can move along the top track 22. Both the top track 22 and the bottom track 21 extend along the width direction of the vehicle, which is also the width direction of the sliding door 100, i.e., the left-right direction in Figure 3.

[0065] The door hinge 12 and the door body 11 are rotatably connected. Specifically, the door hinge 12 rotates around its own axis. During the rotation, the distance between the door hinge 12 and the door body 11 remains unchanged. When the door hinge 12 rotates, due to the presence of the crank 16, the distance between the door hinge 12 and the door frame 200 in the inward and outward directions will change, which will cause the door body 11 to move relative to the door frame 200 in the inward and outward directions. The two top rollers 15 and the bottom rollers 13 will also move accordingly to adapt to the position change of the crank 16.

[0066] In Figure 3, the cranks 16 of the two door hinges 12 are in opposite directions. At this time, the sliding door 100 is in a locked state. When it needs to be unlocked and opened, the sliding door 100 needs to move outward and project downward. The door hinge 12 on the right needs to rotate counterclockwise, and the door hinge 12 on the left needs to rotate clockwise. Of course, it is not limited to this. The two door hinges 12 can also be set in reverse.

[0067] As described above, the movement of the sliding door 100 in the inward and outward directions is achieved by the rotation of the door hinge 12, which is specifically controlled by the opening and closing mechanism 14 of the sliding door 100.

[0068] Please refer to Figure 2 and then to Figures 8-14 for further understanding. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the switching mechanism 14 of the sliding door 100 in Figure 2, which is a view from the inside out. Figure 9 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Figure 8. Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the switching mechanism 14 in Figure 8 from another perspective, which is a view from the outside in. Figure 11 is the front view of Figure 10. Figure 12 is the back side view of Figure 11. Figure 13 is an enlarged view of part B in Figure 10. Figure 14 is a side view of the switching mechanism 14 in Figure 9.

[0069] The switching mechanism 14 in this embodiment includes two first pull rods 145. One end of one first pull rod 145 is rotatably connected to one door hinge 12 of the sliding door 100, and one end of the other first pull rod 145 is rotatably connected to the other door hinge 12 of the sliding door 100. As shown in FIG2, the two first pull rods 145 are located between the two door hinges 12.

[0070] The switching mechanism 14 also includes a first operating component 141, which is specifically a handwheel in this embodiment. The first operating component 141 is located in the middle of the sliding door 100, and two first pull rods 145 are located on the left and right sides of the first operating component 141. The other ends of the two first pull rods 145 are directly or indirectly connected to the first operating component 141. The rotation of the first operating component 141 directly or indirectly drives the two first pull rods 145 to pull the two door hinges 12 to rotate, thereby driving the two sliding doors 100 to move outward or inward.

[0071] Therefore, in this embodiment, by setting two first pull rods 145 that are both connected to the first operating component 141, pulling the two door hinges 12 respectively, the first operating component 141 is rotated, which drives the two first pull rods 145 to rotate, and then pulls the two door hinges 12 to rotate synchronously. There is no need to repeatedly adjust the rotation angle of the second handles on both sides as in the background art, thus making the opening and closing operation of the sliding door 100 more convenient.

[0072] In this embodiment, the first operating component 141 is specifically a handwheel. The opening and closing mechanism 14 of the sliding door 100 also includes an input gear 148 and a transmission gear 144. The handwheel and the input gear 148 are connected in a transmission manner, and the handwheel can drive the input gear 148 to rotate. The input gear 148 is, for example, coaxially connected to the handwheel. When the operator rotates the handwheel, the input gear 148 rotates synchronously. It can be seen that the first operating component 141 is not limited to a handwheel; for example, it can be a rotary handle. Since the first operating component 141 needs to move the relatively heavy sliding door 100 in both inward and outward directions, setting the first operating component 141 as a handwheel makes it easier to apply force.

[0073] In addition, the input gear 148 meshes with the transmission gear 144, and the diameter of the input gear 148 is smaller than the diameter of the transmission gear 144; the first pull rod 145 is directly rotatably connected to the transmission gear 144, so as to indirectly connect with the first operating component 141.

[0074] In other words, in this embodiment, the first pull rod 145 is connected to the transmission gear 144, and indirectly connected to the handwheel (i.e., the first operating component 141) through the transmission gear 144, the input gear 148, and the handwheel. When the handwheel is turned, it does not directly drive the first pull rod 145 to rotate, but rather indirectly drives the first pull rod 145 to rotate through the input gear 148 and the transmission gear 144. The diameter of the input gear 148 is smaller than the diameter of the transmission gear 144, which allows the operator to operate the handwheel with a smaller force, which can then be converted into a larger force to drive the door hinge 12 to rotate.

[0075] Referring to Figure 9, the transmission gear 144 in this embodiment has an arc-shaped hole 144b. The switching mechanism 14 also includes a limiting post 1410 that can be inserted into the arc-shaped hole 144b. The limiting post 1410 can be fixed relative to the door body 11 of the sliding door 100, for example, directly fixed to the door body 11. Alternatively, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, a mounting plate 146 is fixed on the door body 11 of the sliding door 100, and the limiting post 1410 can be specifically fixed to the mounting plate 146. The switching mechanism 14 may also include a housing 143, which covers the transmission gear 144, input gear 148, and other components for protection. The first operating component 141 and the second operating component 142 are located outside the housing 143 for operation by the operator.

[0076] Please refer to Figures 15 and 16. Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the first pull rod 145 and the transmission gear 144 shown by the dashed line in Figure 11. At this time, the first pull rod 145 is in the inner limit position. Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the first pull rod 145 rotating to the outer limit position in Figure 15.

[0077] In Figure 15, the limiting post 1410 is located at one end of the arc-shaped hole 144b, specifically at the right end of the arc-shaped hole 144b in Figure 15. At this time, the transmission gear 144 cannot continue to rotate counterclockwise to the left, so the transmission gear 144 will no longer drive the first pull rod 145 to rotate, and the door hinge 12 will no longer rotate. The position of the door body 11 at this time is set as the inner limiting position, and the outer limiting position is the position where the sliding door 100 cannot move inward. When the handwheel is turned, in the position state shown in Figure 16, the transmission gear 144 is driven to rotate clockwise. Due to the limiting position... Due to the obstruction of the positioning post 1410, the transmission gear 144 cannot continue to rotate in that direction. Taking Figure 16 as an example, it cannot continue to move clockwise. Therefore, the sliding door 100 moves to the outer limit position, which is the position where the sliding door 100 cannot move outward. Similarly, at this time, due to the obstruction of the positioning post 1410, the transmission gear 144 cannot continue to move in that direction. Therefore, the transmission gear 144 will no longer drive the first pull rod 145 to rotate, and the door hinge 12 will no longer rotate. The position of the door body 11 at this time is set as the outer limit position. When the position changes from Figure 15 to Figure 16, the transmission gear 144 rotates clockwise, and the vertical position of the first pull rod 145 connected to the transmission gear 144 changes. The first pull rod 145 will rotate accordingly, as shown in Figure 16. The first pull rod 145 changes from a horizontally extended state to a relatively horizontally inclined state. In this way, the distance between the end of the first pull rod 145 connected to the transmission gear 144 and the door hinge 12 in the width direction will decrease. Then the first pull rod 145 will pull the two door hinges 12 closer together, and the sliding door 100 will move outward. In the reverse operation, the first pull rod 145 will push the two door hinges 12 away from each other, and the sliding door 100 will move inward.

[0078] Therefore, the arc-shaped hole 144b on the transmission gear 144, which cooperates with the limiting post 1410, facilitates the operator's control over the rotation range of the first operating component 141. This ensures that the sliding door 100 moves inward or outward as required, thereby further guaranteeing the reliability of the opening and closing control of the sliding door 100. It can be understood that the transmission gear 144, while transmitting a large torque, also has a relatively large surface area, making it easier to design the arc-shaped hole 144b for the required stroke.

[0079] In some embodiments, the transmission gear 144 is not a fully circumferential gear; that is, a portion of the entire outer circumference of the transmission gear 144 has teeth, while another portion is toothless. As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the transmission gear 144 in this embodiment has a toothed section 1441, which is a portion of the outer circumference of the transmission gear 144. The portion of its outer circumference outside the toothed section 1441 is a relatively smooth surface. The input gear 148 meshes with the toothed section 1441. At this time, when one end of the input gear 148 meshes with one end of the toothed section 1441, the sliding door 100 is in the outer limiting position; when the other end of the input gear 148 meshes with the toothed section 1441, the sliding door 100 is in the inner limiting position. With this configuration, if there is an error in the limiting stroke of the arc-shaped hole 144b and the limiting post 1410, for example, if the sliding door 100 has reached the inner or outer limiting position, the transmission gear 144 can still continue to rotate a certain angle. However, due to the setting of the toothed section 1441, even if the transmission gear 144 continues to rotate, the input gear 148 and the transmission gear 144 do not have a meshing relationship, and the transmission gear 144 will not rotate synchronously, thereby further ensuring the inner and outer limiting positions and playing a double insurance role.

[0080] In this embodiment, the opening and closing mechanism 14 of the sliding door 100 also includes a second operating component 142. The second operating component 142 is specifically a handle in Figures 2 and 8. The second operating component 142 can rotate to drive the locking mechanism 17 of the sliding door 100 to rotate and unlock, or rotate to lock.

[0081] The locking mechanism 17 can be understood in conjunction with Figures 17 and 18. Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the sliding door 100 in Figure 1 from another perspective, which is a perspective from the inside out. At this time, the sliding door 100 is in the locked state. Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the sliding door 100 in Figure 17 in the unlocked state.

[0082] The locking mechanism 17 specifically includes a locking pin 18 and a second pull rod 173, which are connected. The door frame 200 is provided with a lock hole (not shown in the figure) corresponding to the locking pin 18. When the locking pin 18 is inserted into the lock hole, the sliding door 100 and the door frame 200 are locked. Both the locking pin 18 and the lock hole can extend along the width direction of the vehicle. Thus, when the locking pin 18 is inserted into the lock hole, the sliding door 100 cannot move along the front-back or left-right directions of the vehicle. Only after the locking mechanism 17 is unlocked can the first operating component 141 be operated to push the sliding door 100 outward to the outer limit position, and then the sliding door 100 can be pulled to move left and right along the track to open the sliding door 100. The locking pin 18 being inserted into the lock hole to lock or disengage from the lock hole to unlock is controlled by the second operating component 142.

[0083] In this embodiment, the opening and closing mechanism 14 of the sliding door 100 further includes a locking part 147, which is specifically a locking pin in this embodiment. The locking part 147 is used to directly or indirectly lock the first operating component 141, that is, to restrict the rotation of the first operating component 141. As described above, when the first operating component 141 rotates, it can control the two first pull rods 145 to drive the door hinge 12 to rotate. If the locking part 147 locks the first operating component 141, then even if a rotational force is applied to the first operating component 141, the first operating component 141 cannot rotate, specifically, the handwheel cannot be rotated.

[0084] It should be noted that the locking part 147 in this embodiment is also driven by the second operating component 142. The second operating component 142 can drive the locking part 147 to lock the first operating component 141 or unlock the first operating component 141, and is configured as follows:

[0085] When the second operating component 142 drives the locking part 147 to lock the locking mechanism 17, the second operating component 142 also locks the first operating component 141 at the same time; when the second operating component 142 unlocks the locking mechanism 17, the second operating component 142 also unlocks the first operating component 141 at the same time.

[0086] As mentioned earlier, when opening the sliding door 100, the second operating component 142 must be operated first to unlock the locking pin 18 and the keyhole before the first operating component 141 can be operated to push the sliding door 100 outward. When closing the sliding door 100, it is also necessary to ensure that the second operating component 142 is in the unlocked state, ensuring that the second pull rod 173 does not interfere with the inward pushing of the sliding door 100, before rotating the first operating component 141 to push the sliding door 100 inward. Then, the second operating component 142 can be operated to insert the locking pin 18 into the keyhole for locking. In other words, the second operating component 142 simultaneously unlocks the locking mechanism 17 and the first operating component 141, and simultaneously locks the locking mechanism 17 and the first operating component 141. The one-step operation of the second operating component 142 can achieve two functions and ensure the safety of the rotation operation of the first operating component 141.

[0087] Similarly, in this embodiment, the locking part 147 indirectly controls the locking or unlocking of the first operating component 141. Specifically, the locking or unlocking of the first operating component 141 is controlled by locking or unlocking the transmission gear 144.

[0088] In detail, as shown in Figure 13, the locking part 147 in this embodiment specifically includes a locking pin, the extension direction of which can be parallel to the rotation axis of the second operating component 142. The edge of the transmission gear 144 is provided with a notch 144a. When the second operating component 142 rotates to lock or unlock the locking mechanism 17, it correspondingly drives the locking pin to engage in the notch 144a to lock the transmission gear 144, or disengages from the notch 144a to unlock the transmission gear 144, thereby correspondingly locking or unlocking the first operating component 141. Specifically, when the second operating component 142 rotates to drive the second pull rod 173 to insert the locking pin 18 into the lock hole, the locking pin simultaneously engages in the notch 144a to simultaneously lock the transmission gear 144, thereby locking the first operating component 141. When the second operating component 142 rotates to drive the second pull rod 173 to disengage the locking pin 18 from the lock hole, the locking pin simultaneously disengages from the notch 144a to unlock the transmission gear 144, thereby unlocking the first operating component 141.

[0089] In this embodiment, the second operating component 142 is a handle, specifically an L-shaped handle. The horizontal part of the L-shape includes a pivot 1421, which can be connected to the locking mechanism 17 to drive the locking mechanism 17 to rotate. The second operating component 142 can be rotatably connected to the door body 11, or it can be installed on the mounting plate 146. The operator can rotate the vertical part of the L-shape. The vertical part of the L-shape can also be provided with a U-shaped handle for gripping, as shown in Figure 14. Compared with the first operating component 141, the second operating component 142 is mainly used to drive the insertion and removal of the locking pin 18 and to lock or unlock the locking part 147. It does not require a lot of force, so the second operating component 142 is set as a handle, which is simple in structure and easy to operate.

[0090] For example, a locking rod 149 is connected to the rotating shaft 1421 of the second operating component 142. The locking rod 149 is perpendicular to the rotating shaft 1421 of the second operating component 142. A locking pin, serving as a locking part 147, is provided on the locking rod 149. This facilitates the locking pin to engage or disengage from the notch 144a during the rotation of the second operating component 142. The rotating axes of the locking pin, the second operating component 142, the first operating component 141, the transmission gear 144, and the input gear 148 are all parallel to each other.

[0091] As is easy to understand, in some embodiments, the locking part 147 is not limited to cooperating with the notch 144a. For example, the outer periphery of the transmission gear 144 is provided with an insertion hole, and when the second operating component 142 rotates, it drives the locking part 147 of the locking pin to be inserted into the insertion hole. This is also possible. The design and processing of the notch 144a are relatively simple.

[0092] In this embodiment, the locking part 147 indirectly locks the first operating component 141 by locking the transmission gear 144. Therefore, the locking part 147 can be used to lock the input gear 148, or it can directly lock the first operating component 141. In this embodiment, the second operating component 142 is located below the transmission gear 144, and the transmission gear 144 has a larger area. Relatively speaking, it is easier to implement for the second operating component 142 to drive the locking part 147 to directly lock the transmission gear 144.

[0093] Please continue to refer to Figures 17 and 18. In this embodiment, the locking mechanism 17 includes a four-bar linkage. The rotation of the second operating component 142 can cause the four-bar linkage to deform. The four-bar linkage is a transmission component set between the second operating component 142 and the second pull rod 173 to drive the second pull rod 173 to move.

[0094] The locking mechanism 17 in this embodiment includes two sets of second pull rods 173. One set of second pull rods 173 is distributed vertically and located on one side of the four-bar linkage in the width direction of the sliding door 100, and the other set of second pull rods 173 is distributed vertically and located on the other side of the four-bar linkage in the width direction of the sliding door 100.

[0095] One end of the second pull rod 173 is connected to the locking pin 18, and the other end is connected to the four-bar linkage. When the four-bar linkage deforms, its height in the vertical direction changes, which can drive the second pull rod 173 to move, thereby changing the distance between the second pull rod 173 and the lock hole in the width direction, and then driving the locking pin 18 to insert or disengage from the lock hole.

[0096] The four-bar linkage includes two first links 171 arranged opposite each other and distributed vertically, and two second links 172 arranged opposite each other and distributed along the width direction of the vehicle. In Figures 17 and 18, the other ends of the two upper second links 173 are respectively connected to the two positions where the upper first links 171 and the second links 172 are connected, and the other ends of the two lower second links 173 are connected to the two positions where the lower first links 171 and the second links 172 are connected. That is to say, the ends of the four second links 173 are respectively connected to the four corner positions of the four-bar linkage. In this way, the four second links 173 will rotate with the deformation of the four-bar linkage, thereby pulling the locking pin 18 to move. It is understood that the second lever 173 is not limited to being rotatably connected to the four corner positions of the four-bar linkage. It can also be hinged to the first link 171 or the second link 172. However, if it is set at the four corner positions, the hinge axes of the first link 171 and the second link 172 can be hinged to the second lever 173 together, which is more convenient to connect and the range of motion of the second lever 173 is also larger, which is conducive to meeting the locking or unlocking stroke of the locking pin 18.

[0097] As shown in Figure 17, when the locking pin 18 is in the locked position, the second levers 173 all extend horizontally, and the four-bar linkage is a rectangular structure. As shown in Figure 18, when the locking pin 18 is in the unlocked position, the four-bar linkage is driven to rotate, thereby causing one of the two second levers 172 on the left and right sides to move upward and the other to move downward. The end of the second lever 173 that is hinged to the corner position of the four-bar linkage moves in the height direction, while in the width direction, the distance between the two second levers 173 on the upper side and the distance between the two second levers 173 on the lower side also shortens, that is, all four second levers 173 move closer to the center, thereby driving the corresponding locking pin 18 to be pulled out of the lock hole.

[0098] As mentioned above, the locking mechanism 17 in this embodiment is controlled by the second operating component 142. The rotating shaft 1421 of the second operating component 142 includes a transmission shaft portion 14211. Specifically, the transmission shaft portion 14211 can be inserted into either the first connecting rod 171 or the second connecting rod 172. In Figures 17 and 18, the transmission shaft portion 14211 of the second operating component 142 is inserted into the middle of the first connecting rod 171 located on the lower side. In this way, the transmission shaft portion 14211 and the second connecting rod 172 are connected in a circumferential direction. For example, the transmission shaft portion 14211 and the second connecting rod 172 are fixedly connected. Alternatively, as shown in Figures 13, 17, and 18, the transmission shaft portion 14211 is set as a square shaft or a polygonal shaft, and the middle of the second connecting rod 172 is provided with a square hole or a polygonal hole, so that a circumferential transmission connection can be realized.

[0099] Thus, when the second operating component 142 rotates, it controls the rotation of one first link 171, which in turn links the other first link 171 and the two second links 172. One end of the second pull rod 173 is rotatably connected to the position where the first link 171 and the second link 172 are connected, and the other end is rotatably connected to the locking pin 18. This converts the rotation of the second link 172 into the horizontal movement of the locking pin 18. Therefore, the four locking pins 18 can be driven simultaneously through the four-bar linkage. In other words, in this embodiment, the second operating component 142 can drive the four second pull rods 173 to move closer and further apart from each other, thereby causing the locking pins 18 to insert into or disengage from the lock hole of the door frame 200. The four-bar linkage is relatively stable, and driving one link can simultaneously drive multiple locking pins 18, making it simple to operate and highly efficient.

[0100] You can continue to refer to Figures 17 and 18, and combine them with Figures 19-21 for understanding. Figure 19 is an enlarged view of part E in Figure 17; Figure 20 is a structural schematic diagram of guide 19 in Figure 19; Figure 21 is a front view of guide 19 in Figure 20; Figure 22 is a right view of Figure 21.

[0101] The locking mechanism 17 in this embodiment also includes a guide 19 disposed on the door body 11. Each locking pin 18 passes through the guide 19. The guide 19 has a guide channel parallel to the insertion direction of the locking pin 18 into the lock hole, so that the locking pin 18 can always move along the insertion direction to insert into or disengage from the lock hole. The structure of the guide 19 will be described in detail below.

[0102] As described above, when the second pull rod 173 moves the locking pin 18, the second pull rod 173 rotates, changing from the horizontal extension state in Figure 17 to the inclined extension state in Figure 18. The guide member 19 prevents the second pull rod 173 from causing the locking pin 18 to deviate during transmission. Specifically, even when the second pull rod 173 deviates to a certain extent after the four-bar linkage, the locking pin 18, limited by the guide member 19, still moves along the insertion direction and inserts into the lock hole opposite the guide channel in the insertion direction. This avoids the problem of the locking pin 18 being difficult to insert into the lock hole due to deviation during insertion.

[0103] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 20-22, the guide member 19 includes two limiting plates 1921 and two limiting pins 191. The two limiting plates 1921 are spaced apart along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and the two limiting pins 191 extend along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and are spaced apart along the height direction of the vehicle. The two limiting pins 191 are rotatably connected to the limiting plates 1921, specifically, the two limiting pins 191 pass through the two limiting plates 1921 along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. At this time, a guide channel or at least a partial guide channel is formed between the two limiting pins 191, and the locking pin 18 can pass through the space between the two limiting pins 191. In this way, on the one hand, the guide member 19 can restrict the locking pin 18 from deflecting upward or downward with the second pull rod 173; on the other hand, rolling friction is formed between the guide member 19 and the locking pin 18, thereby further reducing the frictional force between the locking pin 18 and the guide member 19.

[0104] Exemplarily, the guide member 19 in this embodiment includes a U-shaped plate 192, with two side plates of the U-shaped plate 192 being the aforementioned limiting plates 1921. Thus, the limiting plates 1921 on both sides are an integral structure, requiring no separate fixing connection. The bottom plate 1922 of the U-shaped plate 192 is provided with a through hole 192a for the locking pin 18 to pass through. The U-shaped plate 192 can be directly fixed to the door body 11, simplifying installation. In some embodiments, a plurality of support beams 110 are also provided on the inner side of the door body 11. The support beams 110 can enhance the strength of the door body 11, and the guide member 19 can be fixed to the support beams 110, making installation easy and reliable. For example, the support beam 110 is a U-shaped beam. The bottom of the U-shaped beam can be welded to the door body 11. The bottom plate 1922 of the U-shaped plate 192 can be fastened to the side beam plate 1101 of the U-shaped beam by bolts 194. Each of the two side beam plates 1101 of the U-shaped beam can be fastened to a guide member 19. The two guide members 19 are mirror-symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction, so that the same locking pin 18 can pass through the two guide members 19, making the guidance more reliable. Obviously, the two side beam plates 1101 of the U-shaped beam can be provided with notches or through holes to avoid the locking pin 18.

[0105] Furthermore, the guide member 19 in this embodiment can also be provided with a guide plate 193, which can be made of a self-lubricating material. The locking pin 18 moves in the guide member 19. In the height direction of the vehicle, the upper and lower sides of the locking pin 18 roll and rub against the limiting pin 191. In order to further limit the locking pin 18 from deflecting in other directions, the locking pin 18 is also limited in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The locking pin 18 can directly contact and limit the aforementioned limiting plate 1921, or a guide plate 193 can be provided on the opposite side of the two limiting plates 1921, so that the locking pin 18 directly contacts the guide plate 193. The guide plate 193 is made of a self-lubricating material, so the locking pin 18 forms sliding friction with the self-lubricating guide plate 193 on both sides in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The guide plate 193 can be welded to the limiting plate 1921 or fixedly connected by fasteners.

[0106] By using a self-lubricating material in the guide plate 193, the friction between the locking pin 18 and the guide plate 193 is reduced when the outer wall of the locking pin 18 contacts the guide plate 193. This reduces the moving resistance of the locking pin 18, making it less likely for the locking pin 18 to get stuck when entering and exiting the lock hole. In this case, the through hole 192a can be set to have a diameter larger than that of the locking pin 18. During insertion and removal, the locking pin 18 does not contact the wall of the through hole 192a, but only contacts the limiting pin 191 and the guide plate 193, further reducing friction.

[0107] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 17 and 18, the middle portion of the first link 171 is rotatably connected to the door body 11. Alternatively, the end of the first link 171, the end of the second link 172, or the middle portion of the second link 172 can also be rotatably connected to the door body 11. Comparing Figures 17 and 18, the four-bar linkage corresponds to the locking and unlocking states of the locking pin 18, and accordingly has two limiting positions. At the first limiting position, the locking pin 18 is fully inserted into the lock hole to achieve locking; at the second extreme position, the locking pin 18 is completely disengaged from the lock hole to unlock. Therefore, any link in the four-bar linkage has two extreme positions.

[0108] In this embodiment, the first connecting rod 171 located on the lower side is a driving connecting rod. The second operating component 142 is used to drive the first connecting rod 171 on the lower side to rotate. A limiting component can be set to limit the first connecting rod 171 on the lower side, so that it has a first limiting position and a second limiting position, and can rotate between the first limiting position and the second limiting position.

[0109] The limiting component may specifically include two protrusions (not shown in the figure) disposed on the door body 11 and protruding inward relative to the door body 11. When the first link 171 rotates to the first limiting position, it cooperates with one of the protrusions to stop, and when the first link 171 rotates to the second limiting position, it cooperates with the other protrusion to stop.

[0110] Please continue to refer to Figures 23 and 24 for understanding. Figure 23 is an enlarged view of the position of spring rod 174 in Figure 17; Figure 24 is an enlarged view of the position of spring rod 174 in Figure 18.

[0111] At this time, the limiting component may also include a spring rod 174. One end of the spring rod 174 is rotatably connected to the door body 11, and the rotation axis is parallel to the axis of the four-bar linkage. The other end of the spring rod 174 is rotatably connected to the end of the first link 171. When the first link 171 rotates to the first or second limit position, the elastic force of the spring rod 174 can press the first link 171 against the corresponding protrusion, keeping it in the limiting position.

[0112] As shown in Figures 23 and 24, the spring rod 174 specifically includes a spring 1741, a fixed rod 1742, and a connecting rod 1743. The fixed rod 1742 is inserted into a part of the spring 1741 from one end, and the connecting rod 1743 is inserted into a part of the spring 1741 from the other end. The spring 1741 can deform along the axial direction of the fixed rod 1742 or the connecting rod 1743. The fixed rod 1742 is hinged to the door body 11, and the connecting rod 1743 is hinged to the first connecting rod 171. One end of the spring 1741 is fixed to the fixed rod 1742 as a fixed end, and the other end is fixed to the connecting rod 1743 as a movable end. The spring 1741 is always in a compressed state. When the first connecting rod 171 is in the first or second extreme position, the spring 1741 applies elastic force to the connecting rod 1743 to press the first connecting rod 171 against the protrusion, thereby preventing the first connecting rod 171 from rotating in the opposite direction.

[0113] In this way, the first link 171 is connected to the spring rod 174, which always provides thrust, keeping the first link 171 at two extreme positions to prevent accidental movement. That is, when the first link 171 rotates to its extreme position, the spring rod 174 can press the first link 171 against the corresponding protrusion, thereby keeping the first link 171 at the corresponding extreme position and preventing the first link 171 from reversing.

[0114] In detail, the axis position of the hinge between the first link 171 and the spring rod 174 on the lower side when the first link 171 is in the two extreme positions is defined as the first position and the second position. The line connecting the first position and the second position forms a reference line. The line connecting the position where the fixed rod 1742 is connected to the door body 11 and the midpoint of the reference line forms an extension line. The rotation center of the spring rod 174 is located on this extension line, that is, the stroke of the spring rod 174 relative to this extension line to one side or the other side is consistent. This ensures that the elastic force of the spring rod 174 on the first link 171 is consistent in the two extreme positions.

[0115] This embodiment also provides a railway freight car, including a door frame 200 and a sliding door 100 that cooperates with the door frame 200. The sliding door 100 is the same as the sliding door 100 described above, and has the same technical effect, so it will not be discussed again.

[0116] This embodiment also provides a method for opening and closing a sliding door 100, based on the sliding door 100 described above, including:

[0117] Open the sluice door 100:

[0118] First, the second operating component 142 is operated, specifically by turning the handle, which causes the four-bar linkage of the locking mechanism 17 to deform. The second pull rod 173 of the locking mechanism 17 causes the locking pin 18 to disengage from the lock hole of the door frame 200 to unlock. At the same time, the second operating component 142 simultaneously causes the locking part 147 to unlock the first operating component 141 (specifically, the locking pin disengages from the notch 144a of the transmission gear 144).

[0119] Then, operate the first operating component 141, specifically by turning the handwheel. The handwheel drives the input gear 148 to rotate, the input gear 148 drives the first pull rod 145 to rotate, and the first pull rod 145 drives the door hinge 12 to rotate (the black arrow in Figure 3 indicates the direction of rotation), so as to push the sliding door 100 to move outward.

[0120] Finally, push the sliding door 100 forward along the width direction of the vehicle to open the sliding door 100;

[0121] Close the sluice gate 100:

[0122] First, push the sliding door 100 in the opposite direction of the width of the vehicle (i.e., opposite to the forward direction of opening the sliding door 100);

[0123] Then, the first operating component 141 is operated, specifically, the handwheel is rotated in the opposite direction to the opening action. The handwheel drives the input gear 148 to rotate, the input gear 148 drives the first pull rod 145 to rotate, and the first pull rod 145 drives the door hinge 12 to rotate, so as to push the sliding door 100 to move inward.

[0124] Finally, the second operating component 142 is operated, specifically by rotating the handle in the opposite direction, which causes the four-bar linkage of the locking mechanism 17 to deform. The second pull rod 173 of the locking mechanism 17 drives the locking pin 18 to insert into the lock hole of the door frame 200 to lock. At the same time, the second operating component 142 simultaneously drives the locking part 147 to lock the first operating component 141 (specifically, the locking pin is engaged in the notch 144a of the transmission gear 144).

[0125] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A sliding door opening and closing mechanism, characterized in that, include: Two first pull rods, one end of which is rotatably connected to one hinge of the sliding door, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the other hinge of the sliding door; The first operating component has the other ends of the two first pull rods directly or indirectly connected to it. The first operating component rotates to drive the two first pull rods to pull the two door hinges to rotate.

2. The opening and closing mechanism of the sliding door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching mechanism further includes an input gear, and the first operating component is connected to the input gear in a transmission manner, wherein the first operating component can drive the input gear to rotate. The switching mechanism further includes a transmission gear, the input gear meshes with the transmission gear, and the diameter of the input gear is smaller than the diameter of the transmission gear; the first pull rod is rotatably connected to the transmission gear to indirectly connect with the first operating component.

3. The opening and closing mechanism of the sliding door according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switching mechanism further includes a second operating component and a locking part. The second operating component is rotatable to simultaneously drive the locking mechanism of the sliding door and the locking part to rotate. The locking part can be used to lock the first operating component. The second operating component and the locking part are configured as follows: When the second operating component rotates to drive the locking mechanism to lock the sliding door and the door frame, the locking part locks the first operating component; when the second operating component rotates to drive the locking mechanism to unlock the sliding door and the door frame, the locking part unlocks the first operating component.

4. The opening and closing mechanism of the sliding door according to claim 3, characterized in that, The locking part is a locking pin, and the edge of the transmission gear is provided with a notch. The second operating component can rotate to drive the locking pin to engage in the notch and lock the transmission gear, or disengage from the notch and unlock the transmission gear, thereby indirectly locking or unlocking the first operating component.

5. The opening and closing mechanism of the sliding door according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first operating component is a handwheel, and / or the second operating component is a handle.

6. The opening and closing mechanism of the sliding door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching mechanism further includes a second operating component and a locking part. The second operating component is rotatable to simultaneously drive the locking mechanism of the sliding door and the locking part to rotate. The locking part can be used to lock the first operating component. The second operating component and the locking part are configured as follows: When the second operating component rotates to drive the locking mechanism to lock the sliding door and the door frame, the locking part locks the first operating component; when the second operating component rotates to drive the locking mechanism to unlock the sliding door and the door frame, the locking part unlocks the first operating component.

7. The opening and closing mechanism of the sliding door according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The transmission gear has an arc-shaped hole; the switching mechanism also includes a limiting post that can be inserted into the arc-shaped hole, the limiting post being located at one end of the arc-shaped hole, the sliding door moving outward to the inner limiting position, the limiting post being located at the other end of the arc-shaped hole, the sliding door moving to the outer limiting position.

8. The opening and closing mechanism of the sliding door according to claim 7, characterized in that, The transmission gear has a toothed section, which is part of the outer periphery of the transmission gear, and the input gear meshes with the toothed section; The input gear meshes with one end of the toothed segment, and the plug is located at the outer limiting position. The input gear meshes with the other end of the toothed segment, and the plug is located at the inner limiting position.

9. A sliding door, characterized in that, It includes a door body and a switching mechanism disposed on the door body, wherein the switching mechanism is the switching mechanism of the sliding door as described in any one of claims 3-5; The locking mechanism of the sliding door includes: A locking pin, which engages with a lock hole in the door frame to lock the sliding door and the door frame; The four-bar linkage mechanism, wherein rotation of the second operating component can cause the four-bar linkage mechanism to deform; Two sets of second pull rods, one set of second pull rods is distributed vertically and located on one side of the four-bar linkage in the width direction of the sliding door, and the other set of second pull rods is distributed vertically and located on the other side of the four-bar linkage in the width direction of the sliding door; One end of the second pull rod is connected to a locking pin, and the other end is connected to the four-bar linkage. The deformation of the four-bar linkage can drive the second pull rod to drive the corresponding locking pin to insert into or disengage from the lock hole.

10. A railway freight car, characterized in that, It includes a door frame and a sliding door that cooperates with the door frame, wherein the sliding door is the sliding door as described in claim 9.

11. A method for opening and closing a sliding door, characterized in that, Based on the sliding door of claim 9, it includes: To open the sliding door: Operate the second operating component, the second lever of the locking mechanism drives the locking pin to disengage from the lock hole to unlock; then operate the first operating component, the first lever drives the door hinge to rotate, thereby pushing the sliding door outward; push the sliding door forward along the width direction of the vehicle to open the sliding door. To close the sliding door: Push the sliding door in the opposite direction along the width of the vehicle, operate the first operating component, and the first lever drives the door hinge to rotate, thereby pushing the sliding door inward; then operate the second operating component, and the second lever of the locking mechanism drives the locking pin to insert into the lock hole to lock.

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