Manual transmission lock

Abstract

The invention relates to a manual transmission lock (2) for a manual transmission (1), comprising at least one ratchet wheel (3) having a toothing (4), wherein the manual transmission lock (2) has a rotatably mounted first pawl (5), wherein the first pawl (5), in a first locking position (6), engages in the toothing (4) of the at least one ratchet wheel (3) and inhibits a rotation of the ratchet wheel (3) in a first rotational direction, wherein a second pawl (7) which is rotatably mounted and is separate from the first pawl (5) is provided, which second pawl (7), in a second locking position (29), engages in the toothing (4) of the at least one ratchet wheel (3) and inhibits a rotation of the ratchet wheel (3) in a second rotational direction, wherein the second rotational direction is opposite to the first rotational direction.

Description

[0001] Gearbox lock

[0002] The present invention relates to a gearshift lock for a gearbox according to the preamble of claim 1 as well as a gearbox and / or a single-track motor vehicle with such a gearshift lock.

[0003] Typical gearshift locks for a gearbox comprise at least one ratchet wheel with teeth, wherein the gearshift lock has a rotatably mounted first pawl, wherein the first pawl engages in a first locking position in the teeth of the at least one ratchet wheel and inhibits rotation of the ratchet wheel in a first direction of rotation.

[0004] Single-track motor vehicles can include, for example, motorcycles, scooters, mopeds, and similar vehicles. The following section briefly outlines the state of the art using a motorcycle as an example. The same applies generally to single-track motor vehicles.

[0005] When parking motorcycles on a sloping surface or for transport, it is necessary to secure motorcycles against unintentional rolling in order to prevent damage, for example from the motorcycle falling over.

[0006] On motorcycles with manual transmissions, the rider typically engages a gear (usually a lower gear) when parking the motorcycle, thus preventing the drive wheel from rotating via the transmission and the stationary engine. This is not possible on motorcycles with automatic transmissions, especially if they have a normally open clutch (particularly a centrifugal clutch that engages with the transmission), as a normally open clutch disconnects the engine from the transmission when the motorcycle is stationary. Therefore, engaging a gear does not lock the drive wheel as desired; consequently, a parking brake is necessary, especially on motorcycles with automatic transmissions.

[0007] To implement such a parking brake, one known method is to use manual parking brakes, which are controlled by the rear and / or front brakes and allow the rear and / or front brakes to be locked when the motorcycle is stationary. A disadvantage of this method is that a separate braking system must be created for the parking brake, requiring the installation of numerous additional components. Furthermore, an activation indicator with an additional sensor is necessary, and if the parking brake is operated via a separate lever on the handlebars, it's possible to forget to release it when starting the motorcycle.

[0008] Another known variant of a parking brake, from the prior art, is described, for example, in EP 4130518 Al. This defines the use of a pawl which, when actuated, can engage a toothed gear and thus prevent the motorcycle's drive wheel from rotating in one direction via the drivetrain. While this system has the advantage of a compact solution, it only prevents the drive wheel from rotating in one direction, whereas the motorcycle can still roll in the opposite direction (usually the drive direction).

[0009] (drive motor) is not secured, which, especially when transporting motorcycles, leads to the major disadvantage that the motorcycle cannot be secured against unintentional rolling.

[0010] Other locking brakes known from the prior art, which are designed as gearbox locks and are used in motor vehicles as well as cars or quads, are shown, for example, in EP 2829774 Bl, EP 2916045 Bl or EP 3464959 Bl.

[0011] These gear locks also include pawls which, when actuated, can engage a ratchet wheel to prevent rotation of the drive gear in both directions. This is achieved by the pawl having a geometric shape in its engagement area that corresponds to that of the ratchet wheel, so that the pawl often even locks the ratchet wheel with a self-locking action.

[0012] A disadvantage of these designs, however, is that due to the close alignment of the pawl's engagement area with the corresponding recess in the ratchet wheel, the pawl can become stuck in the ratchet wheel, requiring forced release. This can lead to complications when disengaging the gearbox lock. Furthermore, such designs often lack sufficient operational reliability. In the event of a malfunction, the pawl may engage with the ratchet wheel while the motorcycle is in motion. Another disadvantage is that these designs typically require a large number of additional components within the gearbox area. This significantly increases not only the installation space but also the overall weight, which is particularly detrimental to motorcycle handling.Another disadvantage is that the high number of components makes the assembly and disassembly of the gearbox lock on motorcycles complex, resulting in a negative ecological and economic aspect not only in the production of the motorcycle, but also in maintenance or repair.

[0013] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a gearbox lock, a gearbox and a single-track motor vehicle in which the previously described disadvantages of the prior art can be at least partially improved and / or the gearbox lock can be designed more compactly and / or the gearbox lock occupies less installation space and / or the gearbox lock has a more reliable function and / or the weight of the gearbox lock can be reduced.

[0014] This problem is solved according to the invention by a gearbox lock for a gearbox with the features of claim 1, a gearbox with such a gearbox lock and a single-track motor vehicle with such a gearbox lock.

[0015] According to the invention, a transmission lock for a transmission comprises at least one ratchet wheel with teeth, wherein the transmission lock has a rotatably mounted first pawl, which engages in a first locking position in the teeth of the at least one ratchet wheel and inhibits rotation of the ratchet wheel in a first direction of rotation, wherein a second rotatably mounted pawl, separate from the first pawl, is provided, which engages in a second locking position in the teeth of the at least one ratchet wheel and

[0016] Rotation of the ratchet wheel in a second direction of rotation is inhibited, with the second direction of rotation being opposite to the first direction of rotation.

[0017] By providing two pawls, each cooperating with the same ratchet wheel, optimal inhibition of each direction of rotation of the ratchet wheel can be provided by means of a respective pawl, whereby the pawls can be adapted to the respective direction of rotation to be inhibited and can thus be optimally adapted with regard to their shape, size and orientation.

[0018] This makes it possible to design the gearbox lock in a surprisingly more space-saving, smaller and lighter way, despite optimal locking capabilities.

[0019] Furthermore, the design of the pawls to lock each direction of rotation avoids the risk of the pawls jamming in the engagement of the ratchet wheel, as the pawls can be designed accordingly in their geometry.

[0020] Furthermore, a design of the gearbox lock with pawls offers the possibility of geometrically adapting the pawls in such a way that they cannot engage when the locking wheel is rotating at a higher speed, thus greatly reducing the malfunction of a gearbox lock, or at least the potential danger it poses.

[0021] Toothed parts of shafts, for example drive shafts, are also considered to be at least one ratchet wheel within the meaning of this disclosure.

[0022] Preferably, a corresponding gearbox lock can be used in single-track motor vehicles. Single-track motor vehicles can include, for example, motorcycles, scooters, mopeds, mopeds, or similar vehicles.

[0023] A system according to the invention does not necessarily have to be produced by manufacturing a new motor vehicle. A corresponding system for a gearbox lock can also be used, for example, in existing motor vehicles – such as those described in the introduction to the description.

[0024] - can be implemented and therefore retrofitted.

[0025] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

[0026] The first locking position and the second locking position are not necessarily the same positions. For example, the first locking position and the second locking position can be separate positions or one and the same position, whereby the ratchet wheel and / or a switching roller can assume the same or different positions in the first and second locking positions.

[0027] Preferably, the switching roller is provided to occupy the same position in the first locking position and the second locking position, but the ratchet wheel differs in its rotational position in the first locking position and the second locking position.

[0028] Preferably, it is provided that between

[0029] - in the first locking position, in which the first pawl engages in the teeth of the at least one ratchet wheel and prevents rotation of the ratchet wheel in a first direction of rotation, and in the second locking position, in which the second pawl engages in a locking position in the teeth of the at least one ratchet wheel and prevents rotation of the ratchet wheel in a second direction of rotation, a clearance is provided which is designed as a - preferably minimal, particularly preferably less than 20 degrees - rotational movement of the ratchet wheel between the locking positions.

[0030] The play provided between the first locking position of the first pawl and the second locking position of the second pawl may be due to manufacturing tolerances.

[0031] However, such play is also advantageous in that, in a design without play, the pawls could jam in the teeth of the ratchet wheel, making it impossible or very difficult to return the pawls to a freewheel position.

[0032] Thus, the play between the locking positions of the pawls can be a desired effect for optimizing the functionality of the gearbox lock.

[0033] It may be provided that the first pawl and / or the second pawl have a bearing area, wherein the first pawl and / or the second pawl are rotatably mounted in the bearing area, preferably on the same bearing pin.

[0034] Preferably, it can be provided that the first pawl and the second pawl are rotatably mounted about the same axis of rotation by means of the respective bearing area.

[0035] By mounting the first pawl and the second pawl around the same axis of rotation using the respective bearing area, preferably the first pawl and the second pawl on the same bearing bolt, a particularly space-saving design can be implemented, which also facilitates the assembly or disassembly of the gearbox lock.

[0036] It may be provided that the first pawl and / or the second pawl has a locking area, wherein the first pawl and / or the second pawl engages with the locking area in the locking position into the teeth of the ratchet wheel.

[0037] The pawl can have a locking contour in a locking area, wherein the locking contour engages in the toothing of at least one ratchet wheel.

[0038] For example, the edge of the locking pawl can form the locking contour.

[0039] The locking contour can engage in at least one, preferably exactly one, tooth gap of the ratchet wheel's toothing, thereby blocking the at least one ratchet wheel.

[0040] It can be designed so that the locking contour engages in at least two tooth gaps of the ratchet wheel's teeth. At least one ratchet wheel must not be held by just one pawl tooth, and the load can be distributed.

[0041] In one embodiment, the locking contour is adapted to the teeth of the at least one ratchet wheel in such a way that the first pawl and / or second pawl are mechanically repelled by the at least one ratchet wheel, so that the transmission does not lock when the pawl engages a rotating ratchet wheel. The locking contour can also be adapted so that the pawl can be released from the locked position if the

[0042] The manual transmission is under load. For this to occur, the opening torque must be greater than the frictional force. It can be designed, for example, that the locking contour is adapted to the toothing of at least one ratchet wheel in such a way that a locking contour of the first pawl can be released from a locked position by rotating the ratchet wheel in the second direction of rotation and / or a locking contour of the second pawl can be released from a locked position by rotating the ratchet wheel in the first direction of rotation.

[0043] Preferably, it may be provided that the first pawl and / or the second pawl has a freewheel position, is movable between the locked position and the freewheel position by means of a rotary movement, and is disengaged from the at least one ratchet wheel in the freewheel position.

[0044] It may be provided that the first pawl and / or the second pawl is biased in the direction of the locking position by at least one spring element.

[0045] Preferably, the spring element can be designed as a torsion spring and / or arranged in a bearing area of ​​the pawl. This allows the desired preload of the first pawl and / or the second pawl to be achieved in a space-saving manner.

[0046] It can be provided that at least one switching roller is provided and the first pawl and / or the second pawl is connected to an engagement element in a movement-locking manner, preferably being formed integrally with the engagement element, wherein the first pawl and / or the second pawl interacts with the at least one switching roller via the engagement element and the first pawl and / or the second pawl can be moved by the at least one switching roller between the locked position and a free-running position.

[0047] It may be provided that the intervention element is shaped as a support arm.

[0048] The support arm can hold the first pawl and / or the second pawl against the action of the spring element in the freewheel position by bracing against the shift roller when the shift roller assumes a rotational position in a freewheel rotation range.

[0049] The support arm preferably has a contact surface for resting against the switching roller. The contact surface allows the support arm to brace itself against the switching roller.

[0050] A roller for unwinding from the switching roller can also be attached to a mounting surface, for example.

[0051] It may be provided that the support arm is connected to the pawl in a bearing area of ​​the first pawl and / or the second pawl.

[0052] In particular, the support arm, preferably together with the locking pawl, can be mounted on a shift rail of the gearbox.

[0053] It can also be provided that the support arm is mounted on a bearing bolt, a bearing journal, preferably on the inside of the housing, or other bearing elements.

[0054] Preferably, the support arm, together with the locking pawl, is provided to form a double-sided lever, in particular a

[0055] Angle lever, forms. By using it as an angle lever, a particularly compact design of the transmission lock can be achieved, since the at least one locking wheel and the shift roller can be arranged closer together while maintaining the same leverage.

[0056] It may be provided that a contact surface for placing the support arm against the switching roller and a locking contour for the engagement of the first pawl and / or the second pawl in the toothing of the at least one ratchet wheel are arranged on the same side of the support arm and the pawl respectively, as seen from a common bearing area of ​​the support arm and the first pawl and / or the second pawl.

[0057] On each side of the support arm or pawl, the shift roller or at least one ratchet wheel is advantageously arranged. The pawl is preferably arranged between the shift roller and the at least one ratchet wheel.

[0058] The shift roller can have an actuation contour, whereby the engagement element can be supported against the actuation contour in the freewheel position. This is particularly advantageous if the engagement element is designed as a support arm. In this way, the engagement element can hold the first pawl and / or the second pawl against the action of the spring element in the freewheel position by direct interaction with the shift roller.

[0059] The shape of the actuating contour defines, at least in sections, the rotational position of the pawl depending on the rotational position of the shift drum. It can be provided that the engagement element holds the first pawl and / or the second pawl in the freewheel position by direct interaction with the shift drum against the action of the at least one spring element when the shift drum assumes a rotational position within a freewheel rotation range, wherein the first pawl and / or the second pawl can be released from the shift drum into a locked position by means of the engagement element when the shift drum assumes a rotational position within a locked rotation range.

[0060] Preferably, the switching roller may be provided to have an actuating contour, wherein the engagement element is supported on the actuating contour in the freewheel position.

[0061] It is preferably provided that the actuation contour runs along a circular path in the free-running rotation range of the shift roller, so that the engagement element bears against the actuation contour with a contact surface. This ensures that the position of the first pawl and / or the second pawl, which do not engage with the ratchet wheel, does not change throughout the entire free-running rotation range.

[0062] Alternatively, an elliptical or other non-circular shape for the actuation contour may be provided.

[0063] Preferably, the switching roller has one, preferably two, radially inward recessed recesses and / or radially inward recessed curves in the locking rotation range, so that the engagement element is released in the radial direction when the switching roller is in the locking rotation range and / or is arranged radially further inward than when the switching roller is in the freewheel rotation range.

[0064] Particularly preferred are two radially inwardly recessed recesses and / or radially inwardly recessed cams provided in the locking rotation range of the switching roller, so that two engagement elements are each released in the radial direction when the switching roller is in the locking rotation range and / or are arranged radially further inward than when the switching roller is in the freewheel rotation range, wherein the first pawl as well as the second pawl can be moved into a locking position by means of the two engagement elements.

[0065] If the engagement element, in particular shaped as a support arm, forms a two-sided lever, in particular an angled lever, together with the first pawl and / or the second pawl, this results in a movement of the pawl towards the ratchet wheel, so that the first pawl and / or the second pawl engages in the ratchet wheel.

[0066] Alternatively, the engagement element is designed as a drive pin, with the drive pin interacting directly with the switching roller.

[0067] The drive pin can be attached between the bearing area and at least part of the locking area on the first pawl and / or the second pawl. This eliminates the need for additional levers and / or lever mechanisms, allowing for a very compact design of the transmission lock with few components.

[0068] The shift drum may be provided with an actuating cam guide, and the engagement element of the first pawl and / or the second pawl may be designed as a drive pin, wherein the drive pin is retained or releaseable by the actuating cam guide. The shape of the actuating cam guide defines, at least in sections, the rotational position of the first pawl and / or the second pawl depending on the rotational position of the shift drum. The actuating cam guide may run along a circular path in the free-running rotation range of the shift drum, so that the drive pin or drive pins are retained in the free-running rotation range, preferably in a position in the radial direction of the shift drum. This ensures that the position of the first pawl and / or the second pawl, which does not engage with the ratchet wheel, does not change in the free-running rotation range.Alternatively, an elliptical or other non-circular shape for the actuation cam guide can be provided.

[0069] The actuating cam guide can have one, preferably two, radially outwardly projecting bulges and / or radially outwardly projecting curves in the locking rotation range of the shift drum, so that the drive pin is preferably released in the radial direction when the shift drum is in the locking rotation range. In this case, the engagement element is positioned further outward than when the shift drum is in the freewheel rotation range. If the drive pin is attached to the first pawl and / or the second pawl between the bearing area and at least part of the locking area, this results in a movement towards the ratchet wheel, so that the first pawl and / or the second pawl

[0070] The pawl engages with the ratchet wheel.

[0071] It may be provided that the drive pin is retained in a second radial position when the shift drum is in the locking rotation range in a radial direction, the second radial position being located further outwards than the radial position of the drive pin in the freewheel rotation range.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the actuation contour and / or the actuation cam guide is arranged radially within an outer radius of the shift drum. This means that the size of the shift drum is no larger than that of a shift drum in a manual transmission without a transmission lock, thus achieving a compact design.

[0073] It can be provided that the actuation contour and / or the actuation cam guide are arranged on one end face of the switching roller. This eliminates the need for an additional component, such as a cam wheel, on the switching roller, thus keeping the number of components to a minimum.

[0074] Furthermore, protection is sought for a manual transmission comprising a ratchet wheel with a toothing and a manual transmission lock in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0075] It is possible for the gearbox to have a housing, with the gearbox lock completely integrated within that housing. The compact design of the gearbox lock makes this feasible even for small gearboxes. Positioning it inside the engine provides weather protection and makes the system maintenance-free.

[0076] Preferably, it can be provided that at least one locking wheel is connected to an output shaft of the gearbox in a rotationally fixed manner.

[0077] It may be provided that at least one locking wheel is intended exclusively for locking the gearbox.

[0078] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the transmission has a number of gears, wherein the at least one locking gear is designed as at least one lockable gear of the number of gears. This eliminates the need for an additional gear to lock the transmission, thus saving weight and components. Each gear transmits power in at least one shift position of the transmission.

[0079] Manual transmission power from the input shaft of the manual transmission to the output shaft of the manual transmission.

[0080] It may be provided that at least one lockable gear wheel is designed as a fixed gear of the transmission. A fixed gear wheel is defined here as a gear wheel that is fixed to a shaft in a rotationally and laterally fixed manner.

[0081] Alternatively, the at least one lockable gear wheel can be designed as a shift wheel of the transmission. A shift wheel is defined as a gear wheel that is fixed to a shaft in a rotationally fixed but slidable manner.

[0082] Alternatively, the at least one lockable gear wheel can be designed as a loose gear of the transmission, wherein the at least one lockable gear wheel of the shift drum is rotationally fixed to at least one shift wheel, particularly preferably by means of shift claws and / or shift sleeves, when the shift drum assumes a rotational position within the locking range. Thus, the locked loose gear leads to the locking of the drive wheels or the drive wheel.

[0083] It may preferably be provided that the at least one lockable gear wheel is designed as part of a shaft, preferably an input shaft or output shaft.

[0084] A shaft can be configured, for example, as an input shaft, output shaft, and / or auxiliary shaft. The transmission can have an input shaft for the drive and an output shaft for the driven component. An auxiliary shaft can also be provided. The input and output shafts can be arranged coaxially. It is also possible for the output shaft to be configured as an auxiliary shaft. The transmission can include at least one shift rail, with at least one shift fork slidably mounted on this shift rail, and the pawl rotatably mounted on at least one shift rail of the transmission. This eliminates the need for an additional pin to support the pawl, thus saving components and enabling a particularly compact design.

[0085] It can be provided that the shift drum can assume at least two rotational positions within its freewheeling range, with each rotational position within the freewheeling range corresponding to a gear of the transmission. Thus, different rotational positions of the shift drum allow both gear changes and the locking of the transmission. In particular, it is possible to shift between several forward gears within the freewheeling range.

[0086] The gearbox may be designed as a dog-clutch gearbox, a type of gearbox that is particularly common in motorcycles. The shift drum can be rotated, for example, by the shift pawl, which is actuated by the foot shift lever.

[0087] Alternatively or additionally, it is preferably provided that the transmission is designed as an automatic transmission, wherein the shift drum is preferably rotatable by means of a shift motor and / or a gear drive. This allows gears to be shifted fully automatically or automatically upon input from the driver.

[0088] Furthermore, protection is sought for a single-track motor vehicle, preferably a motorcycle, with a drive motor and a gearbox according to the invention and / or a transmission according to the invention.

[0089] Gearbox lock.

[0090] For single-track motor vehicles, especially motorcycles, it is particularly important to implement a compact gearbox lock.

[0091] In one embodiment, the single-track motor vehicle comprises a "normally open" clutch, preferably a centrifugal clutch, wherein the drive motor can be coupled to the gearbox by means of the "normally open" clutch.

[0092] With a "normally open" clutch, the drive motor is only coupled to the gearbox above a certain speed.

[0093] This is particularly typical for motorcycles with automatic transmissions.

[0094] Besides centrifugal clutches, other "normally open" clutches are also conceivable, for example hydraulic "normally open" clutches.

[0095] The use of "normally closed" couplings is also conceivable.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment, the single-track motor vehicle has an electronic control unit, wherein control signals can be sent from the electronic control unit to at least one actuator, and wherein the shift drum can be rotated by the at least one actuator, which is controllable by the control signals, into at least one rotational position in the freewheeling range and into at least one rotational position in the locking range. The actuator can, for example, be designed as part of a shift motor, particularly an electric one. Thus, an automatic transmission can be implemented.

[0097] It may be provided that the drive power of the drive motor of the single-track motor vehicle is automatically reduced during gear changes - preferably by cutting off the ignition - so that the use of a clutch when shifting between gears is obsolete.

[0098] It may be provided that control commands from a driver can be received by the electronic control unit, so that the driver can switch between different rotational positions of the shift drum, in particular between at least one rotational position in the freewheel range and a rotational position in the locked range and / or between rotational positions in the freewheel range.

[0099] This allows a driver to operate the automatic transmission and the transmission lock.

[0100] The gearbox lock can be operated using existing components if the single-track vehicle is equipped with an automatic transmission. No additional parts are required.

[0101] In one embodiment, it is provided that at least one actuation indicator is provided on the single-track motor vehicle, wherein the at least one actuation indicator shows the rotational position of the shift drum.

[0102] Such an activation indicator informs a driver about the

[0103] The system provides information about the transmission status, in particular whether the transmission is locked. The activation indicator can, for example, be displayed on the dashboard of a single-track motor vehicle.

[0104] For example, the activation indicator may display the activation of the gearbox lock as a symbol or letter.

[0105] Because both gear shifting and the transmission lock can be implemented via the rotational position of the shift drum, only one sensor is needed for both functions. In particular, a separate sensor is not required for the transmission lock. Existing sensors for determining the rotational position of the shift drum can be used.

[0106] In summary, the present invention also has the following advantages:

[0107] Integrating the parking brake into the shifting mechanism of the gearbox ensures that the parking brake is not forgotten when starting off.

[0108] Due to the small number of components, the system can be implemented relatively cost-effectively.

[0109] Due to the small number of components, the system can be implemented relatively cost-effectively.

[0110] Further details and advantages of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures in the description of the figures.

[0111] Fig. 1 shows a gearbox with a gearbox lock in perspective view, Fig. 2a, 2b shows the gearbox lock with a shift roller and locking wheel in perspective views.

[0112] Fig. 2c - 2e the gearbox lock with a shift roller and locking wheel in side view in different positions,

[0113] Fig. 2f, 2g the gearbox lock with a shift roller and locking wheel in front and rear view ,

[0114] Figs. 3a, 3b show the gearbox lock with shift roller, ratchet wheel and gear drive in perspective views.

[0115] Fig. 3c, 3d the gearbox lock with shift roller, ratchet wheel and gear drive in front and rear view ,

[0116] Figs. 4a-4c show the pawls with spring element of the gearbox lock in I insulation in different views, and

[0117] Fig. 4d, 4e the pawls with spring element in different perspective views as an exploded view.

[0118] Fig. 1 shows a gearbox 1 with a

[0119] Gearbox lock 2 in perspective view.

[0120] The gearbox lock 2 is preferably suitable for parking assistance of a single-track motor vehicle. By locking the gearbox 1, the drive wheels or drive wheel of the vehicle in which the gearbox 1 is installed are also blocked.

[0121] The gearbox 1 comprises a shift roller 12, two

[0122] Shift rails 19 and several gear wheels 18 .

[0123] In particular, the transmission 1 is a dog clutch transmission, which is preferably designed as an automatic transmission. However, the transmission 1 can also be designed as a manually shiftable transmission. In an embodiment of the transmission 1 as an automatic transmission, the shift drum 12 can be actuated by means of a shift motor 21 and / or a gear drive 22, as can be seen from Figures 3a to 3d.

[0124] Two shift forks 20 are slidably mounted on the two shift rails 19, by means of which certain gear wheels 5 can be moved.

[0125] These so-called switching wheels 18c are rotationally fixed to the input shaft 24 or the output shaft 17, wherein the input shaft 24 and output shaft 17 are arranged coaxially to each other and together form a main shaft 25.

[0126] Gear wheels 5 of the aforementioned type can also be arranged on a secondary shaft 24.

[0127] Furthermore, fixed gears 18b, which are arranged on a shaft in a rotationally fixed and non-displaceable manner, and loose gears 18a, which are arranged on a shaft in a rotatable and non-displaceable manner, are provided on the shafts.

[0128] By shifting, a shift wheel 18c can be coupled to a loose wheel 18a in a rotationally fixed manner by means of shift claws 20, so that the loose wheel 18a is also connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner.

[0129] Thus, various combinations of gear wheels 5 such as input shaft 24, countershaft 23 and output shaft 17 can be selected for the transmission of torque and / or rotary motion, thereby realizing different gears with different ratios for a single-track motor vehicle.

[0130] Such gearboxes 1 are often installed in motorcycles. Preferably, the motorcycle can have a "normally open" clutch, preferably a centrifugal clutch, wherein the motorcycle's drive motor can be coupled to the gearbox 1 by means of the "normally open" clutch. When stationary, the clutch is therefore open, meaning that the motorcycle's wheels are not coupled to the drive motor and are therefore not locked.

[0131] The gearbox lock 2 engages with the shift roller 12 and the ratchet wheel 3, more precisely 5 with the teeth 45 of the ratchet wheel 3.

[0132] The gearbox lock 2 has a first rotatably mounted pawl 5, wherein the first pawl 5 engages in a first locking position 6 in the teeth 4 of the ratchet wheel 3 and is disengaged from the ratchet wheel 3 in a freewheeling position 10.

[0133] Furthermore, the gearshift lock 2 includes a second rotatably mounted pawl 7, wherein the second pawl 7 engages in a second locking position 29 in the toothing 4 of the ratchet wheel 3 and is disengaged from the ratchet wheel 3 in a freewheeling position 10.

[0134] Figure 1 shows the transmission lock 2 in the first locking position 6. Reference is made here to Figures 2c to 2e regarding the first locking position 6, the second locking position 29 and the freewheel position 10, in which the different positions of the transmission lock 2 are more clearly visible.

[0135] The pawls 5, 7 are on the switching rail 3 of the

[0136] The gearbox 1 is rotatably mounted. The pawls 5, 7 are pre-tensioned by a spring element 11 in the direction of the locking position 6, 29.

[0137] In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the spring element 11 is designed as a torsion spring and is arranged in a bearing area 8 of the pawl 5, 7.

[0138] In Fig. 1, one of the gear wheels 18 is designed as a lockable gear wheel, which is referred to below as the ratchet wheel 3.

[0139] If the ratchet wheel 3 is designed as a loose wheel 18a, the loose wheel 18a must be coupled to a shift wheel 18c in the locking position 6, 29, otherwise the shifting gear 1 would not be locked by the pawls 5, 7.

[0140] Furthermore, it can be seen from Fig. 1 that an engagement element 13 is connected to the first pawl 5 and the second pawl 7, wherein the engagement elements 13 hold the pawls 5, 7 in the freewheel position 10 by direct interaction with the shift drum 12 against the action of the spring element 11 when the shift drum 12 assumes a rotational position in a freewheel rotation range 14, and wherein the pawls 5, 7 can be released from the shift drum 12 into a locked position 6, 29 by means of the engagement elements 13 when the shift drum 12 assumes a rotational position in a locked rotation range 15.

[0141] The engagement elements 13 are rotationally fixed to the pawls 5, 7, preferably formed in one piece with the pawls 5, 7.

[0142] Figure 1 shows the first locking position 6. The switching roller 12 remains in the same rotational position in both locking positions 6, 29, whereby – as can be clearly seen in Figure 4 – both pawls 5, 7 are released by means of the engagement elements 13.

[0143] Furthermore, the shift drum 12 has at least two rotational positions in the freewheel rotation range 14, each rotational position in the freewheel rotation range 14 corresponding to a gear of the transmission 1. In particular, several forward gears are provided in the freewheel rotation range 14.

[0144] Figures 2a to 2g show the gearbox lock 2 from Fig. 1 in different views, where the gearbox 1 is not fully shown.

[0145] The gearbox lock 2 is also shown in locking position 6, 29 in Figures 2a-c and Figures 2e-g.

[0146] 2d, however, shows the gearbox lock 2 in freewheel position 10.

[0147] The locking mechanism can be clearly understood, especially from the side view in figures 2c to 2e.

[0148] The pawls 5, 7 have a bearing area 8, wherein the pawls 5, 7 are rotatably mounted in the bearing area 8 on the switching rail 19.

[0149] The pawls 5 and 7 are mounted coaxially to each other in the bearing area 8 on the switching rail 19 and are preloaded to each other by the spring element 11. This positioning and arrangement relative to each other is clearly shown in Figures 4a to 4e. As can be seen in Figures 2a to 2g, the pawls 5 and 7 have a locking area 9, in which the pawls 5 and 7 engage in the teeth 4 of the ratchet wheel 3.

[0150] In the locking area 9, the locking pawls 5, 7 have in particular a locking contour.

[0151] The locking contour engages in the interspaces of the teeth 4, with the locking contour being adapted to the teeth 4. This ensures that the pawls 5, 7 are mechanically repelled by the ratchet wheel 3, so that the transmission 1 does not lock when the pawls 5, 7 engage with a rotating ratchet wheel 3.

[0152] The figures show the engagement elements 13 of the locking pawls 5,

[0153] 7 shaped as support arms 26.

[0154] The support arms 26 have a contact surface 27 for contacting the switching drum 12. Furthermore, the support arms 26 are located in the bearing area.

[0155] 8 of the pawls 5, 7 are each connected to the pawls 5, 7 in a rotationally fixed manner.

[0156] Together with the pawls 5, 7, the support arms 26 form a two-sided lever, in particular an angle lever (see Figures 2c to 2e).

[0157] The contact surfaces 27 for the support arms 26 against the shift drum 2 and the locking contours for the engagement of the pawls 5, 7 in the teeth 4 of the at least one ratchet wheel 3 are arranged on the same side of the support arms 26 and the pawls 5, 7, respectively, as viewed from a common bearing area 8 of the support arms 26 and the pawls 5, 7. This configuration of contact surfaces 27 and locking contours is advantageous because the pawls 5, 7 and / or a locking area 9 of the pawls 5, 7 are arranged in a space between the shift drum 12 and the ratchet wheel 3 (see in particular Figures 2c to 2e).

[0158] The switching drum 12 has an actuation contour 16, wherein the engagement elements 13, in particular the support arm 26, can be supported on the actuation contour 16 in the freewheel position 10.

[0159] In particular, the actuation contour 16 runs along a circular path in the free-running rotation range 14 of the switching drum, wherein the engagement element 12, here in particular the support arm 23, bears against the actuation contour 16 with the contact surface 27 (as can be seen in Fig. 2d).

[0160] In the locking rotation area 15 of the switching drum 12, the actuating contour 16 has two radially inwardly recessed recesses and / or a radially inwardly recessed curve, so that the engagement element 13, in particular the support arms 26, is released in the radial direction when the switching drum 12 is in a rotational position in the locking rotation area 15.

[0161] As a result, the support arms 26 can no longer rest against the shift drum 12, causing the pawls 5, 7 to be pressed into the ratchet wheel 3 by the spring element 11.

[0162] In Fig. 2c, it may appear that the support arm 26 of the second pawl 7 also rests against the shift drum 12, in particular the actuating contour 16, even in the first locking position 6. However, this is preferably not the case, since the second pawl 7 is held by the ratchet wheel 3. Because the support arms 26 and the pawls 5, 7 are released in the locking rotation range 15 by means of a recess in the actuating contour 16, the pawls 5, 7 are not pressed into the teeth 4 of the ratchet wheel 3 by an actuating contour, for example with a locking cam.

[0163] In contrast, the spring element 11 presses the pawls 5, 7 into the

[0164] Interlocking 4, which means that no problem arises if the pawls 5, 7 with their locking contour 9 do not immediately meet an interdental space.

[0165] Furthermore, the actuating contour 16 is arranged radially within an outer radius of the switching roller ze 12 on an end face 28 of the switching roller ze 12. It is intended that the actuating contour 16 is arranged directly on the switching roller ze 12 and is not attached to the switching roller ze 12 as a separate component.

[0166] As mentioned above, Fig. 2d shows the gearshift lock 1 in a freewheel position 10, in which the pawls 5, 7 do not impede rotation of the ratchet wheel in any of the rotation directions.

[0167] In contrast, Fig. 2c shows the gearshift lock 1 in a first locking position 6, in which the first pawl 5 engages in the teeth 4 of the ratchet wheel 3 and inhibits rotation of the ratchet wheel 3 in a first direction of rotation.

[0168] In detail, the first pawl 5 with its locking area 9 rests against a tooth flank of the toothing 4 of the ratchet wheel 3 and thus prevents rotation of the ratchet wheel 3 via the

[0169] Bearing point 19 is rigidly connected to the pawl 5 by the support element 13, which is positioned with its contact surface 27 in the locking rotation area 15 (in one of the recesses of the

[0170] Actuation contour 16 ) is supported on the switching roller 12 .

[0171] In this first locking position 6 (which is shown in Fig. 2c), however, the locking area 9 of the second pawl 7 rests against an outer radius of the ratchet wheel 3 formed by the toothing, whereby the contact surface 27 of the engagement element 13, which is rigidly connected to the second pawl 7, is lifted from the actuating contour 16 of the switching roller 12.

[0172] In the first locking position 6 shown in Fig. 2c, rotation of the ratchet wheel 3 in the second direction of rotation (opposite the first direction of rotation) is not yet inhibited.

[0173] Only after a minimal rotation of the ratchet wheel 3 in the second direction of rotation (this minimal rotation shall in the following be referred to as the play of the gearshift lock 1) does the second pawl 7 engage in the teeth 4 of the ratchet wheel and then support itself with the locking area 9 of the second pawl 7 on a tooth flank of the teeth 4, whereby the second pawl 7 in a second locking position 29 (now shown in Fig. 2e) inhibits a rotation of the ratchet wheel 3 in a second direction of rotation.

[0174] The second direction of rotation of the ratchet wheel 3 is opposite to the first direction of rotation of the ratchet wheel.

[0175] However, the switching drum 12 has the same rotational position in the first locking position 6 and in the second locking position 29.

[0176] The play between the first locking position 6 of the first pawl 5 and the second locking position 29 of the second pawl 7 may be due to manufacturing tolerances. However, this play is also advantageous because, in a design variant without play (i.e., an embodiment in which the first locking position 6 also corresponds to the second locking position 29), the pawls 5 and 7 would jam in the teeth 4 of the ratchet wheel 3, making it difficult or impossible to return the pawls 5 and 7 to a freewheeling position 10.

[0177] Thus, the play between the locking positions 6, 29 of the pawls 5, 7 in this exemplary embodiment is not only the result of necessary tolerances, but even a desired effect to optimize the functionality of the gearbox lock 2.

[0178] Figures 3a to 3d show a gearshift lock 2 with shift roller 12 and ratchet wheel 3, where a gear drive 22 is shown, via which the shift roller 12 can be driven by means of a shift motor 21.

[0179] This is a possible design form, particularly for automatic transmissions 1. The shift motor 21 is typically designed as an electric motor.

[0180] Not shown is the integration of the automatic transmission 1 into a single-track motor vehicle, in this case a motorcycle. It may be provided, for example, that control commands from a rider are received by an electronic control unit, allowing the rider to switch between different rotational positions of the shift drum, in particular between at least one rotational position in the freewheel range and a rotational position in the locked range, and / or between rotational positions in the freewheel range. The control unit can then actuate at least one actuator of a shift motor 21. At least one actuation indicator may also be provided on the motorcycle, indicating the rotational position of the shift drum 12.Since the rotational position of the shift roller 12 is known, for example, via the position of an actuator of the shift motor 21, no additional sensor needs to be installed in the shift transmission lock 2 for the actuation indicator.

[0181] Figures 4a - 4e show an embodiment of the preceding figures, wherein the first pawl 5, the second pawl 7 and the spring element 11 are shown in isolation relative to each other in Figures 4a to 4c, and in Figures 4d and 4e these components are shown in different perspective views as an exploded view.

[0182] Reference character list:

[0183] 1 manual transmission

[0184] 2 Gearbox lock

[0185] 3 ratchet wheel

[0186] 4 gear teeth

[0187] 5 first locking pawl

[0188] 6 first locking position

[0189] 7 Second locking pawl

[0190] 8 Storage area

[0191] 9 Restricted area

[0192] 10 Freewheel position

[0193] 11 Spring element

[0194] 12 switching rollers

[0195] 13 Intervention element

[0196] 14 freewheel rotation range

[0197] 15 Locking rotation range

[0198] 16 Actuation contour

[0199] 17 Output wave

[0200] 18 Gear wheel

[0201] 18a Loose wheel

[0202] 18b fixed wheel

[0203] 18c derailleur

[0204] 19 switching rail

[0205] 20 shift fork

[0206] 21 Switching motor

[0207] 22 Gear drive

[0208] 23 secondary shaft

[0209] 24 Input shaft

[0210] 25 Main shaft

[0211] 26 Support arm

[0212] 27 Plant area

[0213] 28 Front

[0214] 29 second locking position

Claims

1. Patent claims 1. Gearbox lock (2) for a gearbox (1) comprising at least one ratchet wheel (3) with teeth (4), wherein the gearbox lock (2) has a rotatably mounted first pawl (5), wherein the first pawl (5) engages in a first locking position (6) in the teeth (4) of the at least one ratchet wheel (3) and prevents rotation of the ratchet wheel (3) in a first direction of rotation, characterized in that a second, rotatably mounted pawl (7) separate from the first pawl (5) is provided, which second pawl (7) engages in a second locking position (29) in the teeth (4) of the at least one ratchet wheel (3) and prevents rotation of the ratchet wheel (3) in a second direction of rotation, wherein the second direction of rotation is opposite to the first direction of rotation.

2. Gearbox lock according to claim 1, wherein the first pawl (5) and / or the second pawl (7) have a bearing area (8), wherein the first pawl (5) and / or the second pawl (7) are rotatably mounted in the bearing area (8), preferably on the same bearing pin.

3. Gearbox lock according to claim 2, wherein the first pawl (5) and the second pawl (7) are rotatably mounted about the same axis of rotation by means of the respective bearing area (8).

4. Gearbox lock according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the first pawl (5) and / or the second pawl (7) has a locking area (9), wherein the first pawl (5) and / or the second pawl (7) engages with the locking area (9) in the locking position (6, 29) in the toothing (4) of the ratchet wheel (3).

5. Gearbox lock according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the first locking pawl (5) and / or the second locking pawl (7) - has a freewheel position (10), - can be moved between the locked position (6, 29) and the freewheel position (10) by means of a rotary movement, and - in the freewheel position (10) with at least one ratchet wheel (3) disengaged.

6. Gearbox lock according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the first locking pawl (5) and / or the second locking pawl (7) is biased by at least one spring element (11) in the direction of the locking position (6, 29).

7. Gearbox lock according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one shift drum (12) is provided and the first pawl (5) and / or the second pawl (7) is movably connected to an engagement element (13), preferably formed integrally with the engagement element (13), wherein the first pawl (5) and / or the second pawl (7) interacts with the at least one shift drum (12) via the engagement element (13) and the first pawl (5) and / or the second pawl (7) is engaged by the at least one shift drum (12) between the locked position (6, 29) and a The freewheel position (10) is movable.

8. Gearbox lock according to claims 6 and 7, wherein the engagement element (13) holds the first pawl (5) and / or the second pawl (7) in the freewheel position (10) by direct interaction with the shift drum (12) against the action of the at least one spring element (11) when the shift drum (12) assumes a rotational position in a freewheel rotation range (14), and wherein the first pawl (5) and / or the second pawl (7) can be released from the shift drum (12) into a locking position (6, 29) by means of the engagement element (13) when the shift drum (12) assumes a rotational position in a locking rotation range (15).

9. Gearbox lock according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the shift drum (12) has an actuating contour (16), wherein the engagement element (13) is supported on the actuating contour (16) in the freewheel position (10).

10. Gearbox lock according to the preceding claim, wherein the actuation contour - in the free-running rotation range (14) of the switching drum (12) runs along a circular path, so that the engagement element (13) with a contact surface (17) rests against the actuating contour (16), and / or - in the locking rotation range (15) of the switching drum (12) has one, preferably two, radially inwardly recessed recesses and / or radially inwardly recessed curves, such that the engagement element (13) is preferably released in the radial direction when the switching drum (12) is in the locking rotation range (15) and / or is arranged radially further inward than when the switching drum (12) is in the free-running rotation range (14), and / or - in the locking rotation range (15) of the switching drum (12) has one, preferably two, radially outwardly projecting bulges and / or outwardly projecting curves, such that the engagement element (13) is preferably released in the radial direction when the switching drum (12) is in the locking rotation range (15) and / or is arranged radially further outward than when the switching drum (12) is in the free-running rotation range (14), and / or - is arranged radially within an outer radius of the switching drum (12). and / or - is located on one end face of the switching drum (12).

11. Gearbox lock according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the first locking pawl (5) and the second locking pawl (7) and / or at least a locking area (9) of the first locking pawl (5) and the second locking pawl (7) is arranged in a space between the shift drum (12) and the at least one ratchet wheel (3).

12. Gearbox comprising at least one ratchet wheel (3) with a toothing (4) and a gearbox lock (2) according to one of the preceding claims.

13. Gearbox according to claim 12, wherein the at least one ratchet wheel (3) is non-rotatably connected to an output shaft (17) of the is connected to the manual transmission (1).

14. Gearbox according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the gearbox (1) has a plurality of gear wheels (18), wherein the at least one locking gear (3) is designed as a lockable gear wheel (18) of the plurality of gear wheels (18) and wherein the at least one lockable gear wheel (18) is preferably - is designed as a fixed gear (18b) of the transmission (1), and / or - is designed as a shift wheel (18c) of the transmission (1), and / or - a loose gear (18a) of the gearbox (1) is formed, and / or - is formed as part of a shaft, preferably an input shaft (24) or output shaft (17).

15. Gearbox according to at least one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the gearbox (1) comprises at least one shift rail (19), wherein at least one shift fork (20) is slidably mounted on the at least one shift rail (19) and wherein the first pawl (5) and / or the second pawl (7) is rotatably mounted on at least one shift rail (26) of the gearbox (1).

16. Gearbox according to at least one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the gearbox (1) has a shift drum (12) according to claim 7, wherein the shift drum (12) can assume at least two rotational positions in the freewheel rotation range (14), wherein each rotational position in the freewheel rotation range (14) corresponds to a gear of the gearbox (1).

17. Gearbox according to at least one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the gearbox (1) is designed as a dog gearbox and / or as an automatic gearbox, wherein preferably the shift drum (12) is rotatable by means of a shift motor (21) and / or a gear drive (22).

18. Single-track motor vehicle, preferably a motorcycle, with a drive motor and a gearbox lock (2) after at least one of claims 1 to 11 and / or a manual transmission ( 1 ) at least according to one of claims 12 to 17 .

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