Chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications
By indicating reference bit and chip durations with scaling parameters, the method enhances communication efficiency for A-IoT devices, addressing inefficiencies in existing wireless systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/110926
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently indicating bit and chip durations for low-complexity devices like A-IoT devices, which rely on ambient signaling and backscattering, leading to suboptimal communication performance.
A method and system for wireless communications that involve receiving an indication of reference bit and chip durations along with scaling parameters, allowing A-IoT devices to calculate and transmit based on these references, enhancing communication efficiency.
Improves communication efficiency by accurately determining bit and chip durations, optimizing transmission for A-IoT devices and enhancing overall system performance.
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Figure CN2024110926_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CHIP DURATION AND BIT DURATION INDICATION FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to method for wireless communication, including chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-APro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0005] A method for wireless communications by a wireless device is described. The method may include receiving, from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section including an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section including an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration, and transmitting, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
[0006] A wireless device for wireless communications is described. The wireless device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, a transceiver, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and the transceiver. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to receive, via the transceiver and from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section including an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section including an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration, and transmit, via the transceiver and to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
[0007] Another wireless device for wireless communications is described. The wireless device may include means for receiving, from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section including an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section including an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration, and means for transmitting, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive, from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section including an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section including an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration, and transmit, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
[0009] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the second transmission may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that may be based on a reference chip duration and a scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration, where the timing acquisition section includes an indication of the reference chip duration, and where the data section includes an indication of the scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration.
[0010] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration may be indicated via a first set of bits and the scaling parameter associated with the chip duration may be indicated via a second set of bits.
[0011] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration may be indicated via a single indication.
[0012] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the second transmission may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that may be based on the ratio between the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration.
[0013] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a subsection of the timing acquisition section includes the indication of the reference bit duration associated with the second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device.
[0014] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a length of the subsection of the timing acquisition section indicates the reference bit duration and the subsection of the timing acquisition section may have a waveform that indicates a reference chip duration associated with the second transmission.
[0015] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the second transmission may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that may be based on the ratio between the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration.
[0016] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the timing acquisition section of the first transmission may be in accordance with a bit duration and the bit duration of the timing acquisition section of the first transmission indicates the reference bit duration associated with the second transmission.
[0017] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the second transmission may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a second chip duration that may be based on the first chip duration of the timing acquisition section of the first transmission.
[0018] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the reader device, a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration, where transmitting the second transmission may be based on selecting the scaling parameter from the set of scaling parameters.
[0019] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the reader device, a set of device identifiers and a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration, where the set of device identifiers includes a device identifier for the wireless device, and where each device identifier in the set of device identifiers corresponds to a respective scaling parameter in the set of scaling parameters.
[0020] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the timing acquisition section of the first transmission indicates a set of reference bit durations and the set of reference bit durations include the reference bit duration associated with the wireless device and a second reference bit duration associated with a second wireless device.
[0021] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, wireless device includes an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device.
[0022] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIGs. 3A and 3B show examples of signaling diagrams that support a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIGs. 4A and 4B show examples of signaling diagrams that support a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIGs. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIGs. 10 through 12 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] Some wireless communications systems may support communications between multiple devices. For instance, wireless communications systems may support signaling and architecture of ambient internet of things (A-IoT) . An A-IoT device may refer to a class of low-complexity devices (e.g., tags, sensors) which may operate on ambient signaling (e.g., . incident radio frequency sources) from reader devices and rely on backscattering the incident signals to send data to the reader devices. In some examples, the reader device may be included in a network entity or in a UE. In some cases, the reader device may be in communication with an A-IoT controller device.
[0033] In some wireless communications devices, communication between an A-IoT device and a reader device may be modulated or coded, such as using line coding or square wave data modulation. A chip rate of a code may refer to a rate at which the code is communicated (e.g., transmitted or received) , which may be expressed in terms of a quantity of chips per unit time (e.g., chips per second) , where a code may comprise some quantity of chips, and where a chip may be a pulse of some amplitude. For example, a chip may be a pulse of +1 amplitude, a pulse of -1 amplitude, or a pulse of zero (0) amplitude (e.g., an OFF pulse in accordance with an on-off-keying (OOK) scheme) . Additionally, a bit rate may refer to a quantity of bits that are communicated (e.g., transmitted or received) per unit of time (e.g., bits per second) by the modulation symbols. In some cases, individual bits may each be represented by a set of one or more chips (e.g., an individual bit may be represented by a sequence of chips, where the sequence of chips may be a code or multiple concatenated codes) , such that a chip rate may be higher than a bit rate and a bit duration may be longer than a chip duration. Operations of A-IoT devices may be enhanced by indicating a bit duration (e.g., the duration in time of a single bit, which may be an inverse of the bit rate) , a chip duration (e.g., a duration in time of a single chip, which may be an inverse of the chip rate) , or both to the A-IoT devices prior to transmissions by the A-IoT devices.
[0034] According to one or more aspects of the present disclosure, an A-IoT device may receive an indication of a reference bit duration or a reference chip duration or both. The A-IoT device may calculate a bit duration or a chip duration or both, based on the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration, in combination with one or more scaling parameters. In some examples, the one or more scaling parameters may be one or more multiplication factors for the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration. In some examples, the A-IoT may receive a first transmission from a reader device. The first transmission may include a timing acquisition section (e.g., a preamble section or a postamble section) and a data section. In some examples, the timing acquisition section may include an indication of a reference bit duration (e.g., Tb_ref) or a reference chip duration (e.g., Tc_ref) or both. The reference bit duration may be associated with an upcoming transmission from the A-IoT device to the reader device (e.g., a second transmission) . In some examples, the data section of the first transmission may include an indication of a scaling parameter (e.g., multiplication factor) associated with the reference bit duration or the reference chip duration or both. The A-IoT device may calculate a bit duration or a chip duration or both, for the upcoming second transmission based on the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration, and their corresponding scaling parameters. The A-IoT device may the transmit the second transmission in accordance with the calculated bit duration or the calculated chip duration or both.
[0035] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to signaling diagrams and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications.
[0036] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-APro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0037] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0038] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0039] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0040] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0041] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0042] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU)) .
[0043] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0044] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0045] For instance, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communications between access nodes (e.g., an IAB donor) , IAB node (s) 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130) . That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node with a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include one or more of a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170, in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link) . The IAB donor and IAB node (s) 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., an F1 AP protocol) . Additionally, or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface, which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link, and may communicate with other CUs (e.g., including a CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface, which may be an example of another portion of a backhaul link.
[0046] IAB node (s) 104 may refer to RAN nodes that provide IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless self-backhauling capabilities) . A DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node towards child nodes associated with the IAB node (s) 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node towards parent nodes associated with IAB node (s) 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node in communication with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay transmissions for UEs through other IAB node (s) 104) . Additionally, or alternatively, IAB node (s) 104 may also be referred to as parent nodes or child nodes to other IAB node (s) 104, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN. The IAB-MT entity of IAB node (s) 104 may provide a Uu interface for a child IAB node (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104) to receive signaling from a parent IAB node (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104) , and a DU interface (e.g., a DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for a parent IAB node to signal to a child IAB node or UE 115.
[0047] For example, IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as parent nodes that support communications for child IAB nodes, or may be referred to as child IAB nodes associated with IAB donors, or both. An IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired or wireless connection (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) to the core network 130 and may act as a parent node to IAB node (s) 104. For example, the DU 165 of an IAB donor may relay transmissions to UEs 115 through IAB node (s) 104, or may directly signal transmissions to a UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of the IAB donor may signal communication link establishment via an F1 interface to IAB node (s) 104, and the IAB node (s) 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to the UEs 115 relayed from the IAB donor) through one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) . That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB node (s) 104 via signaling via an NR Uu interface to MT of IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., other IAB node (s) ) . Communications with IAB node (s) 104 may be scheduled by a DU 165 of the IAB donor or of IAB node (s) 104.
[0048] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0049] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0050] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0051] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0052] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different RAT) .
[0053] The communication link (s) 125 of the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0054] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0055] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
[0056] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0057] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0058] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0059] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0060] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0061] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0062] The wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of the network entities 105) may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of network entities 105) may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
[0063] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be relatively low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0064] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently) . In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 may include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) , or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
[0065] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0066] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0067] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0068] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0069] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
[0070] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0071] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0072] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0073] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0074] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0075] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., the communication link (s) 125, a D2D communication link 135) . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in relatively poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions) . In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.
[0076] Some wireless communications systems may support A-IoT devices and reader devices. Additionally, wireless communications systems may support device to reader (D2R) communications. In some examples, in a D2R transmission from an A-IoT device, the data may be modulated or coded using a line coding or a square wave data modulation. In such cases, the A-IoT device may be able to successfully encode the transmission based on knowledge of a chip length (or chip rate) of a line coding or of a square wave modulation, and a bit length (or bit rate) . In some cases, wireless communications systems may support reader to device (R2D) communications. An R2D transmission may include a preamble section and a data section. The R2D preamble of a query command, in some examples, may include a term TRcal. The A-IoT device may use a length of TRcal to derive a backscatter link frequency (BLF) for D2R transmission. In some examples, a divide ration (DR) may have a value of 64 / 3 or 8, and the value of DR may be provided in a message (e.g., a field of the query) .
[0077] In some examples, an actual D2R data rate may be determined as BLF / M, where M = 1, 2, 4, or 8 and is indicated in another field of the message. For D2R transmission for A-IoT devices, it may be preferable to enable bit rate (or bit length) indication by reader. In particular, a reader device may indicate Tb_ref (e.g., bit length or bit duration) and a scaling parameter or multiplication factor (e.g., x4, x2, x1, x1 / 2, x1 / 4) . In some wireless communications systems, enabling indication of bit duration (or bit rate) and chip duration (or chip rate) may improve link efficiency and provide enhanced communication reliability. In some examples, the chip rate (or chip length) indication may be based on R2D communication (e.g., for unicast) . Additionally, or alternatively, an A-IoT device may determine a value for a chip rate (or chip length) from multiple candidate values (e.g., for random access) .
[0078] One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide for indication of a bit duration (or bit rate) and a chip duration (or chip rate) in wireless communications systems supporting A-IoT devices. In some examples, a UE 115 (e.g., an A-IoT device) may receive, from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section. In some examples, the timing acquisition section may include an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section may include an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration. The UE 115 may then transmit, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
[0079] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include a wireless device 115-a (e.g., an A-IoT device) , a network entity 105-a, and a reader device 225, which may be examples of corresponding devices described with reference to FIG. 1. In some examples, the reader device 225 may be or may be included in a network entity 105, a UE 115 or both. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device 115-amay include a low complexity device (e.g., tags or sensors) .
[0080] In some examples, the reader device 225 may communicate with the wireless device 115-a (e.g., A-IoT device) via a Uu air interface. In some cases, the reader device 225 may register with a network entity 105-a. The reader device 225 may support one or more functionalities based on requests from the network entity 105-a (via communication link 215 and communication link 220) .
[0081] According to one or more aspects depicted herein, the wireless device 115-amay receive an indication of a bit duration or a chip duration or both. In some examples, the wireless device 115-amay receive a first transmission 205 from the reader device 225. The first transmission 205 may be an R2D transmission and may include a preamble section and a data section. The preamble section may also be referred to as a timing acquisition section. In some examples, the timing acquisition section may include an indication of a reference bit duration (e.g., Tb_ref) . The reference bit duration may be associated with a D2R transmission (or second transmission 210) from the wireless device 115-ato the reader device 225. In some examples, the data section of the first transmission may include an indication of a scaling parameter (e.g., multiplication factor) associated with the reference bit duration.
[0082] In some examples, the wireless device 115-amay receive the first transmission 205, and may calculate a bit duration for an upcoming D2R transmission (e.g., second transmission 210) . The wireless device 115-amay calculate the bit duration based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter. The wireless device 115-amay then transmit the second transmission 210 in accordance with the calculated bit duration.
[0083] FIGs. 3A and 3B show examples of a signaling diagram 300 and a signaling diagram 350 that support a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The signaling diagram 300 and the signaling diagram 350 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and wireless communications system 200. For example, the signaling diagram 300 and the signaling diagram 350 may be implemented by a wireless device (e.g., an A-IoT device) and a reader device, which may be examples of corresponding devices described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2.
[0084] According to one or more aspects of the present disclosure, for a given set of reference bit duration and reference chip duration (e.g., {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} ) , the wireless device may determine the bit duration and the chip duration (e.g., {Tb, Tc} ) by reader’s indication of multiplication factors (or scaling parameters) . In some examples, the wireless device may receive independent indication of multiplication factors for Tb_ref and Tc_ref. In some cases, the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration may be indicated via a first set of bits and the scaling parameter associated with the chip duration may be indicated via a second set of bits. For instance, a multiplication factor for Tb_ref (e.g., 1 / 4, 1 / 2, 1, 2, or 4) may be indicated by a first set of bits (e.g., 3 bits) . Additionally, or alternatively, a multiplication factor for Tc_ref (e.g., 1, 1 / 2, or 1 / 4) may be indicated by a second set of bits (e.g., 2 bits) . In this example, the indication field may include 5 bits.
[0085] Additionally, or alternatively, the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration may be indicated via a single indication. For instance, the wireless device may support a joint indication of multiplication factors for Tb_ref and Tc_ref. In such cases, each codepoint of the indication field may indicate a combination of multiplication factors for {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} , where multiplication factor for Tb_ref may be one of a first set of values (e.g., one from 1 / 4, 1 / 2, 1, 2, or 4) , and that for Tc_ref may be one of a first set of values (e.g., one from 1, 1 / 2, or 1 / 4) . In this example, the wireless device may support 15 combinations. The indication field may include 4 bits to indicate one of 15 combinations.
[0086] In some examples, the indication for chip duration may be dependent on an indication for bit duration. For instance, the R2D transmission (e.g., R2D transmission 312 as depicted in FIG. 3A or R2D transmission 352 as depicted in FIG. 3B) may include an indication of a ratio between the reference bit duration and a reference chip duration. The wireless device may transmit a second transmission (e.g., D2R transmission 314 as depicted in FIG. 3A or D2R transmission 364 as depicted in FIG. 3B) in accordance with a chip duration. The chip duration may be calculated by the wireless device based on a reference bit duration and the ratio between the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration. As described herein, the reader device may indicate Tb_ref and Tc_ref dependently, and then separately indicate multiplication factors for Tb_ref and Tc_ref. For instance, the reader device may directly (e.g., explicitly) indicate one of Tb_ref or Tc_ref and further indicate a ratio or other dependent relationship between Tb_ref and Tc_ref, such that the other of Tb_ref and Tc_ref may be derived based on the directly indicated Tb_ref or Tc_ref value and the indicated relationship. Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device may indicate Tb_ref and Tc_ref separately, and then dependently indicate multiplication factors for Tb_ref and Tc_ref (e.g., directly indicate a multiplication factor for one of Tb_ref or Tc_ref and also indicate a ratio dependent relationship between Tb_ref and Tc_ref) . Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device may indicate Tb_ref and Tc_ref dependently, and also indicate multiplication factors for Tb_ref and Tc_ref dependently.
[0087] In some examples, the wireless device may receive, from the reader device, a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration. In such cases, transmitting the second transmission (e.g., D2R transmission 314 as depicted in FIG. 3A or D2R transmission 364 as depicted in FIG. 3B) may be based on selecting the scaling parameter from the set of scaling parameters. For example, an R2D transmission (e.g., query) may indicate multiple candidate multiplication factors and each wireless device may randomly select one from multiple candidate multiplication factors. The indication of multiplication factors for Tc_ref in the R2D transmission may be a maximum multiplication factor. The wireless device may be allowed to select one value that is not higher than the indicated multiplication factor. For example, if the multiplication factor is 1 / 4, then the wireless device can select a multiplication factor from {1, 1 / 2, 1 / 4} . Similarly, if the multiplication factor is 1 / 2, then the wireless device can select a multiplication factor from {1, 1 / 2} . It is to be understood that the techniques related to indication and determination of reference bit duration and reference chip duration may be applicable to signaling diagram 300 and signaling diagram 350, as depicted in FIGs. 3A and 3B, as well as signaling diagram 400 and signaling diagram 450, as depicted in FIGs. 4A and 4B, among others.
[0088] As depicted herein, a wireless device may receive an indication of a reference bit duration and an indication of a scaling parameter. In the example of FIG. 3A, the wireless device may receive an R2D transmission 302. The R2D transmission 302 may include a start indicator section 304 and a timing acquisition section 306. The timing acquisition section 306 may also be referred to as a preamble section. In the example of FIG. 3A, the timing acquisition section 306 includes a first timing acquisition section 308 and a second timing acquisition section 310. The first timing acquisition section 308 may include timing and bit duration or chip duration or both, for a subsequent R2D physical channel (including R2D transmission 312) . The R2D physical channel may also be referred to as a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) . In some examples, the second timing acquisition section 310 may include indication of a reference bit duration (e.g., Tb_ref) or a reference chip duration (e.g., Tc_ref) or both. In some cases, the wireless device may use the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration along with one or more corresponding scaling parameters to determine a bit duration and a chip duration for an upcoming D2R transmission 314. In some cases, the second timing acquisition section 310 may include indication of one or more waveforms indicating the reference bit duration (e.g., Tb_ref) or the reference chip duration (e.g., Tc_ref) or both. For instance, the second timing acquisition section 310 may include or support a first waveform 316, a second waveform 318 and a third waveform 320. The squares in each of the first waveform 316, the second waveform 318 and the third waveform 320 may refer to “high voltage =ON symbol or chip” and “low voltage = OFF symbol or chip” according to an on-off keying (OOK) modulation. As depicted herein, a length of the OOK waveform (e.g., the first waveform 316, the second waveform 318 or the third waveform 320) may indicate the chip duration.
[0089] As depicted in the example of FIG. 3A, the wireless device may determine a bit duration and a chip duration {Tb, Tc} , if the combination of {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} is known by the wireless device. In some examples, the R2D preamble (or R2D synchronization signal or timing acquisition section 306) may include a waveform that indicates {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} . In some examples, a length of the {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} acquisition sub-part (e.g., the second timing acquisition section 310) may indicate Tb_ref (e.g., the length may be variable depending on Tb_ref) . For instance, a subsection of the timing acquisition section 306 (e.g., second timing acquisition section 310) may include the indication of the reference bit duration associated with the second transmission (D2R transmission 314) from the wireless device to the reader device.
[0090] For {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} acquisition sub-part, the waveform used in the duration may indicate indicates Tc_ref. In some cases, a length of the subsection of the timing acquisition section may indicate the reference bit duration. Additionally, or alternatively, the subsection of the timing acquisition section (e.g., the second timing acquisition section 310) may have a waveform that indicates a reference chip duration associated with the second transmission (e.g., D2R transmission 314) .
[0091] In some examples, a data section (e.g., R2D transmission 312) may include an indication of a ratio between the reference bit duration and a reference chip duration. In such cases, the wireless device may transmit the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration. In some examples, the chip duration may be calculated by the wireless device based on the reference bit duration and the ratio between the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration. For instance, the wireless device may receive an indication of Tb_ref and a value representative of a ratio between Tb_ref and Tc_ref. The wireless device may utilize the indication of Tb_ref and the ratio between Tb_ref and Tc_ref to identify Tc_ref. As depicted in FIG. 3A, a length of the {Tb_ref} acquisition sub-part may indicate Tb_ref (e.g., the length may be variable depending on Tb_ref) . For {Tb_ref} acquisition sub-part (corresponding to the second timing acquisition section 310) , the waveform used in the duration may be independent of Tc_ref. In some examples, the reader device may indicate Tc_ref with a field in R2D control via a ratio between Tb_ref and Tc_ref. In some instances, the wireless device and the reader device may support multiple on / off chips in {Tb_ref} acquisition sub-part (corresponding to the second timing acquisition section 310) for higher detection accuracy. In some examples, the {Tb_ref} acquisition sub-part (corresponding to the second timing acquisition section 310) may be or include a sequence known to the wireless device (an A-IoT device known sequence) . The sequence may be different from square waves or Manchester codes.
[0092] In the example of FIG. 3B, the wireless device may receive an R2D transmission 352. The R2D transmission 352 may include a start indicator section 354 and a timing acquisition section 356. The timing acquisition section 356 may provide timing for an R2D transmission 362 and a D2R transmission 364. The R2D physical channel (including the R2D transmission 362) may also be referred to as a PRDCH. In some examples, the timing acquisition section 356 may include indication of a reference bit duration (e.g., Tb_ref) or a reference chip duration (e.g., Tc_ref) or both. In some cases, the wireless device may use the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration along with one or more corresponding scaling parameters to determine a bit duration and a chip duration for the upcoming D2R transmission 364.
[0093] In some examples, the bit / chip lengths / rates for D2R transmission may refer to the R2D chip / bit rate (included in the timing acquisition section 356) . For instance, the timing acquisition section 356 may be in accordance with a bit duration, where the bit duration of the timing acquisition section 356 may indicate the reference bit duration associated with a second transmission (e.g., D2R transmission 364) . Additionally, or alternatively, the timing acquisition section 356 may be in accordance with a first chip duration. In such cases, the wireless device may transmit the second transmission (e.g., D2R transmission 364) in accordance with a second chip duration that is based on the first chip duration of the timing acquisition section 356 of the first transmission (e.g., R2D transmission 362) . In some examples, a length of a Manchester codeword in the timing acquisition section 356 may indicate Tb_ref. Additionally, or alternatively, a length of an OOK associated with an on / off chip may indicate Tc_ref.
[0094] In some cases, if the wireless device or the reader device requests or implements different (e.g., more than a threshold value) R2D and D2R chip / data rates (e.g., R2D data rate of 10kbps and D2R data rate of 80kbps) , then the wireless device may receive a wide range of indication values of multiplication factors included in one or more field (s) of R2D transmission 362. For example, a multiplication factor for Tb_ref may be one from a set of {1 / 8, 1 / 4, 1 / 2, 1, 2, 4, 8} and a multiplication factor for Tc_ref may be one from a set of {1, 1 / 2, 1 / 4, 1 / 8, 1 / 16} . This may imply that the R2D transmission 362 may have an increased field size for multiplication factors (when compared to R2D transmission 312) , with saving the overhead of {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} indication sub-part in the timing acquisition section 356.
[0095] FIGs. 4A and 4B show example of a signaling diagram 400 and a signaling diagram 450 that support a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The signaling diagram 400 and the signaling diagram 450 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and wireless communications system 200. For example, the signaling diagram 400 and the signaling diagram 450 may be implemented by a wireless device (e.g., an A-IoT device) and a reader device, which may be examples of corresponding devices described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2.
[0096] According to one or more aspects of the present disclosure, a wireless device may receive at least an indication of a reference bit duration and an indication of a scaling parameter. In some examples, the wireless device may receive, from the reader device, a set of device identifiers and a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration. The set of device identifiers may include a device identifier for the wireless device, where each device identifier in the set of device identifiers corresponds to a respective scaling parameter in the set of scaling parameters. In some examples, the timing acquisition section of a first transmission (e.g., R2D transmission 412 as depicted in FIG. 4A or R2D transmission 462 as depicted in FIG. 4D) may indicate a set of reference bit durations, a set of scaling parameters, or both. Additionally, or alternatively, the set of reference bit durations may include the reference bit duration associated with the wireless device and a second reference bit duration associated with a second wireless device.
[0097] In some examples, the reader device may indicate common {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} for all users, then indicates multiplication factors for {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} for multiple wireless devices in order. An A-IoT device identifier field included in an R2D preamble (e.g., R2D control) may include a set of device identifiers (e.g., [ID1, ID2, ID3] ) and the R2D preamble may further include a set of multiplication factors for {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} in another field (e.g., [factor 1, factor 2, factor 3] ) for 3 users in the order of identifier indication. The multiplication factors may be indicated as [Tb factor 1, Tb factor 2, Tb factor 3] and [Tc factor 1, Tc factor 2, Tc factor 3] . Alternatively, the multiplication factors may be indicated as [ [Tb factor 1, Tc factor 1] , [Tb factor 2, Tc factor 2] , [Tb factor 3, Tc factor 3] ] .
[0098] In the example of FIG. 4A, the wireless device may receive an R2D transmission 402. The R2D transmission 402 may include a start indicator section 404 and a timing acquisition section 406. The timing acquisition section 406 may also be referred to as a preamble section. In the example of FIG. 4A, the timing acquisition section 406 includes a first timing acquisition section 408 and a second timing acquisition section 410. The first timing acquisition section 408 may include timing and bit duration or chip duration or both, for a subsequent R2D physical channel (including R2D transmission 412) . The R2D physical channel may also be referred to as a PRDCH. In some examples, the second timing acquisition section 410 may include different timing acquisition parameters for different devices (or users) . For instance, the second timing acquisition section 410 may include a reference bit duration (e.g., Tb_ref) or a reference chip duration (e.g., Tc_ref) or both for different devices. As depicted herein, the second timing acquisition section 410 may include a section 410-a, a section 410-b and a section 410-c. In some cases, the wireless device may use the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration along with one or more corresponding scaling parameters to determine a bit duration and a chip duration for an upcoming D2R transmission 414.
[0099] In some examples, the reader device may indicate {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} for each user, respectively. As depicted in the example of FIG. 4A, the reader device may indicate {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} for each user in the preamble. For example, the section 410-amay include {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} for a first device, the section 410-b may include {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} for a second device, and the section 410-c may include {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} for a third device. The wireless device may identify a reference bit duration and a reference chip duration (e.g., {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} ) directed to the wireless device, from the timing acquisition section, and may utilize the identified reference bit duration and reference chip duration for transmitting the D2R transmission 414. In this example, the wireless device may remember (or maintain in memory) all {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} values prior to receiving R2D control.
[0100] In the example of FIG. 4B, the wireless device may receive an R2D transmission 452. The R2D transmission 452 may include a start indicator section 454 and a timing acquisition section 456. The timing acquisition section 456 may also be referred to as a preamble section. The timing acquisition section 408 is followed by a R2D physical channel (including R2D transmission 462) . The R2D physical channel may be followed by a second timing acquisition section 460, which may include different timing acquisition parameters for different devices (or users) . For instance, the second timing acquisition section 460 may include a reference bit duration (e.g., Tb_ref) or a reference chip duration (e.g., Tc_ref) or both for different devices. As depicted herein, the second timing acquisition section 460 may include a section 460-a, a section 460-b and a section 460-c. The second timing acquisition section 460 may also be referenced to as a postamble. In some cases, the wireless device may use the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration along with one or more corresponding scaling parameters to determine a bit duration and a chip duration for an upcoming D2R transmission 464.
[0101] As depicted in the example of FIG. 4B, the reader device may indicate {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} for each user in the second timing acquisition section 460. For example, the section 460-amay include {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} for a first device, the section 460-b may include {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} for a second device, and the section 460-c may include {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} for a third device. In this example, the wireless device may not remember (or maintain in memory) all {Tb_ref, Tc_ref} values when calculating a bit duration and a chip duration for an upcoming D2R transmission 464.
[0102] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow 500 that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 500 includes a wireless device 305 (e.g., an A-IoT device) and a reader device 510 (e.g., a network entity or a UE or both) , which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described with respect to FIGs. 1 and 2.
[0103] In the following description of the process flow 500, the operations between the wireless device 505 and the reader device 510 may be performed in a different order than the example order shown. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 500, and other operations may be added to the process flow 500. Further, although some operations or signaling may be shown to occur at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may actually occur at the same time. Although depicted as UEs in some examples, it is to be understood that a A-IoT device may be included in other devices.
[0104] At 515, the wireless device 505 may receive, from the reader device 510, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section. In some cases, the timing acquisition section may include an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device 505 to the reader device 510, and the data section may include an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration.
[0105] Upon receiving the first transmission, at 520, the wireless device 505 may calculate a bit duration. The wireless device 505 may calculate the bit duration based on the reference bit duration associated with the second transmission and the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration.
[0106] At 525, the wireless device 505 may transmit, to the reader device 510, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
[0107] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0108] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0109] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0110] The communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0111] In some examples, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0112] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0113] In some examples, the communications manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may be configured to receive or transmit messages or other signaling as described herein via the transceiver module. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0114] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section including an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section including an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
[0115] By including or configuring the communications manager 620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 605 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing, reduced power consumption, and more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0116] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one of more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0117] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0118] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0119] The device 705, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a timing acquisition component 725 a reader transmission component 730, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0120] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The timing acquisition component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section including an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section including an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration. The reader transmission component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
[0121] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 820 that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620, a communications manager 720, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a timing acquisition component 825, a reader transmission component 830, a scaling parameter component 840, a device identifier component 845, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0122] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The timing acquisition component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section including an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section including an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration. The reader transmission component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
[0123] In some examples, to support transmitting the second transmission, the reader transmission component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that is based on a reference chip duration and a scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration, where the timing acquisition section includes an indication of the reference chip duration, and where the data section includes an indication of the scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration.
[0124] In some examples, the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration is indicated via a first set of bits, and the scaling parameter associated with the chip duration is indicated via a second set of bits. In some examples, the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration are indicated via a single indication.
[0125] In some examples, the first transmission includes an indication of a ratio between the reference bit duration and a reference chip duration, and, to support transmitting the second transmission, the reader transmission component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that is based on the ratio between the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration.
[0126] In some examples, a subsection of the timing acquisition section includes the indication of the reference bit duration associated with the second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device.
[0127] In some examples, a length of the subsection of the timing acquisition section indicates the reference bit duration. In some examples, the subsection of the timing acquisition section has a waveform that indicates a reference chip duration associated with the second transmission.
[0128] In some examples, the data section includes an indication of a ratio between the reference bit duration and a reference chip duration, and, to support transmitting the second transmission, the reader transmission component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that is based on the ratio between the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration.
[0129] In some examples, the timing acquisition section of the first transmission is in accordance with a bit duration. In some examples, the bit duration of the timing acquisition section of the first transmission indicates the reference bit duration associated with the second transmission.
[0130] In some examples, the timing acquisition section of the first transmission is in accordance with a first chip duration, and, to support transmitting the second transmission, the reader transmission component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a second chip duration that is based on the first chip duration of the timing acquisition section of the first transmission.
[0131] In some examples, the scaling parameter component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the reader device, a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration. In some examples, the scaling parameter component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting the scaling parameter from the set of scaling parameters, where transmitting the second transmission is based on selecting the scaling parameter from the set of scaling parameters.
[0132] In some examples, the device identifier component 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the reader device, a set of device identifiers and a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration, where the set of device identifiers includes a device identifier for the wireless device, and where each device identifier in the set of device identifiers corresponds to a respective scaling parameter in the set of scaling parameters.
[0133] In some examples, the timing acquisition section of the first transmission indicates a set of reference bit durations. In some examples, the set of reference bit durations include the reference bit duration associated with the wireless device and a second reference bit duration associated with a second wireless device. In some examples, the wireless device is an A-IoT device.
[0134] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include components of a device 605, a device 705, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 910, a transceiver 915, one or more antennas 925, at least one memory 930, code 935, and at least one processor 940. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945) .
[0135] The I / O controller 910 may manage input and output signals for the device 905. The I / O controller 910 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 910 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 940. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 905 via the I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 910.
[0136] In some cases, the device 905 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 915 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 925 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 915 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 925. The transceiver 915, or the transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925, may be an example of a transmitter 615, a transmitter 715, a receiver 610, a receiver 710, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0137] The at least one memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 935. The code 935 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 940, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 930 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0138] The at least one processor 940 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 940. The at least one processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 930) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 940 and at least one memory 930 coupled with or to the at least one processor 940, the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0139] In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 930 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 940) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 930) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 940 or a processing system including the at least one processor 940 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 935 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 930 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0140] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section including an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section including an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
[0141] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, and improved utilization of processing capability.
[0142] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 915, the one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 940, the at least one memory 930, the code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 940 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of chip duration and bit duration indication for wireless communications as described herein, or the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0143] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0144] At 1005, the method may include receiving, from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section including an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section including an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a timing acquisition component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8. Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1005 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 925, transceiver 915, communications manager 920, memory 930 (including code 935) , processor 940 and / or bus 945.
[0145] At 1010, the method may include transmitting, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a reader transmission component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8. Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1010 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 925, transceiver 915, communications manager 920, memory 930 (including code 935) , processor 940 and / or bus 945.
[0146] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0147] At 1105, the method may include receiving, from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section including an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section including an indication of a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a timing acquisition component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8. Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1105 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 925, transceiver 915, communications manager 920, memory 930 (including code 935) , processor 940 and / or bus 945.
[0148] At 1110, the method may include selecting a scaling parameter from the set of scaling parameters. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a reader transmission component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8. Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1110 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 925, transceiver 915, communications manager 920, memory 930 (including code 935) , processor 940 and / or bus 945.
[0149] At 1115, the method may include transmitting, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter. The operations of 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a reader transmission component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8. Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1115 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 925, transceiver 915, communications manager 920, memory 930 (including code 935) , processor 940 and / or bus 945.
[0150] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports a chip duration and a bit duration indication for wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0151] At 1205, the method may include receiving, from a reader device, a first transmission including a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section including an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section including an indication of a set of device identifiers and a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration, where the set of device identifiers includes a device identifier for the wireless device, and where each device identifier in the set of device identifiers corresponds to a respective scaling parameter in the set of scaling parameters. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a timing acquisition component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8. Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1205 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 925, transceiver 915, communications manager 920, memory 930 (including code 935) , processor 940 and / or bus 945.
[0152] At 1210, the method may include selecting a scaling parameter from the set of scaling parameters based on the scaling parameter corresponding to the device identifier for the wireless device. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a reader transmission component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8. Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1210 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 925, transceiver 915, communications manager 920, memory 930 (including code 935) , processor 940 and / or bus 945.
[0153] At 1215, the method may include transmitting, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter. The operations of 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a reader transmission component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8. Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1215 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, antenna 925, transceiver 915, communications manager 920, memory 930 (including code 935) , processor 940 and / or bus 945.
[0154] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0155] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising: receiving, from a reader device, a first transmission comprising a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section comprising an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section comprising an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration; and transmitting, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based at least in part on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
[0156] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein transmitting the second transmission comprises: transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that is based at least in part on a reference chip duration and a scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration, wherein the timing acquisition section comprises an indication of the reference chip duration, and wherein the data section comprises an indication of the scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration.
[0157] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, wherein the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration is indicated via a first set of bits and the scaling parameter associated with the chip duration is indicated via a second set of bits.
[0158] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 2 through 3, wherein the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration are indicated via a single indication.
[0159] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein the first transmission comprises an indication of a ratio between the reference bit duration and a reference chip duration, and wherein transmitting the second transmission comprises: transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that is based at least in part on the ratio between the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration.
[0160] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein a subsection of the timing acquisition section comprises the indication of the reference bit duration associated with the second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device.
[0161] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, wherein a length of the subsection of the timing acquisition section indicates the reference bit duration, and the subsection of the timing acquisition section has a waveform that indicates a reference chip duration associated with the second transmission.
[0162] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 6 through 7, wherein the data section comprises an indication of a ratio between the reference bit duration and a reference chip duration, and wherein transmitting the second transmission comprises: transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that is based at least in part on the ratio between the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration.
[0163] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, wherein the timing acquisition section of the first transmission is in accordance with a bit duration, and the bit duration of the timing acquisition section of the first transmission indicates the reference bit duration associated with the second transmission.
[0164] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, wherein the timing acquisition section of the first transmission is in accordance with a first chip duration, and wherein transmitting the second transmission comprises: transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a second chip duration that is based at least in part on the first chip duration of the timing acquisition section of the first transmission.
[0165] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, further comprising: receiving, from the reader device, a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration, wherein transmitting the second transmission is based at least in part on selecting the scaling parameter from the set of scaling parameters.
[0166] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, further comprising: receiving, from the reader device, a set of device identifiers and a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration, wherein the set of device identifiers comprise a device identifier for the wireless device, and wherein each device identifier in the set of device identifiers corresponds to a respective scaling parameter in the set of scaling parameters.
[0167] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, wherein the timing acquisition section of the first transmission indicates a set of reference bit durations, the set of reference bit durations comprise the reference bit duration associated with the wireless device and a second reference bit duration associated with a second wireless device.
[0168] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 1 through 13, wherein wireless device comprises an ambient internet of things device.
[0169] Aspect 15: A wireless device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, a transceiver, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and the transceiver, the one or more processors individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0170] Aspect 16: A wireless device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0171] Aspect 17: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0172] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0173] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0174] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0175] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0176] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0177] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0178] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0179] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “acomponent” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0180] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0181] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0182] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0183] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A wireless device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code;a transceiver; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:receive, via the transceiver and from a reader device, a first transmission comprising a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section comprising an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section comprising an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration; andtransmit, via the transceiver and to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based at least in part on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.2.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the second transmission, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:transmit, via the transceiver, the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that is based at least in part on a reference chip duration and a scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration, wherein the timing acquisition section comprises an indication of the reference chip duration, and wherein the data section comprises an indication of the scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration.3.The wireless device of claim 2, wherein the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration is indicated via a first set of bits and the scaling parameter associated with the chip duration is indicated via a second set of bits.4.The wireless device of claim 2, wherein the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration are indicated via a single indication.5.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first transmission comprises an indication of a ratio between the reference bit duration and a reference chip duration, and wherein, to transmit the second transmission, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:transmit, via the transceiver, the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that is based at least in part on the ratio between the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration.6.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein a subsection of the timing acquisition section comprises the indication of the reference bit duration associated with the second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device.7.The wireless device of claim 6, wherein:a length of the subsection of the timing acquisition section indicates the reference bit duration, andthe subsection of the timing acquisition section has a waveform that indicates a reference chip duration associated with the second transmission.8.The wireless device of claim 6, wherein the data section comprises an indication of a ratio between the reference bit duration and a reference chip duration, and wherein, to transmit the second transmission, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:transmit, via the transceiver, the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that is based at least in part on the ratio between the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration.9.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein:the timing acquisition section of the first transmission is in accordance with a bit duration, andthe bit duration of the timing acquisition section of the first transmission indicates the reference bit duration associated with the second transmission.10.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the timing acquisition section of the first transmission is in accordance with a first chip duration, and wherein, to transmit the second transmission, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:transmit, via the transceiver, the second transmission in accordance with a second chip duration that is based at least in part on the first chip duration of the timing acquisition section of the first transmission.11.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:receive, via the transceiver and from the reader device, a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to transmit the second transmission based at least in part on selecting the scaling parameter from the set of scaling parameters.12.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:receive, via the transceiver and from the reader device, a set of device identifiers and a set of scaling parameters associated with the reference bit duration, wherein the set of device identifiers comprises a device identifier for the wireless device, and wherein each device identifier in the set of device identifiers corresponds to a respective scaling parameter in the set of scaling parameters.13.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein:the timing acquisition section of the first transmission indicates a set of reference bit durations, andthe set of reference bit durations comprise the reference bit duration associated with the wireless device and a second reference bit duration associated with a second wireless device.14.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the wireless device comprises an ambient internet of things device.15.A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:receiving, from a reader device, a first transmission comprising a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section comprising an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section comprising an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration; andtransmitting, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based at least in part on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.16.The method of claim 15, wherein transmitting the second transmission comprises:transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that is based at least in part on a reference chip duration and a scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration, wherein the timing acquisition section comprises an indication of the reference chip duration, and wherein the data section comprises an indication of the scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration is indicated via a first set of bits and the scaling parameter associated with the chip duration is indicated via a second set of bits.18.The method of claim 16, wherein the scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter associated with the reference chip duration are indicated via a single indication.19.The method of claim 15, wherein the first transmission comprises an indication of a ratio between the reference bit duration and a reference chip duration, and wherein transmitting the second transmission comprises:transmitting the second transmission in accordance with a chip duration that is based at least in part on the ratio between the reference bit duration and the reference chip duration.20.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of a wireless device to:receive, from a reader device, a first transmission comprising a timing acquisition section and a data section, the timing acquisition section comprising an indication of a reference bit duration associated with a second transmission from the wireless device to the reader device, and the data section comprising an indication of a scaling parameter associated with the reference bit duration; andtransmit, to the reader device, the second transmission in accordance with a bit duration that is based at least in part on the reference bit duration and the scaling parameter.
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