Subscription parameter synchronization
By synchronizing subscription parameters through new interfaces and APIs, the solution addresses inconsistent network behaviors in 5G and 4G core networks, ensuring seamless service continuity for dual-mode UEs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/111258
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Current network parameter configuration procedures in 5G and 4G core networks result in inconsistent network behaviors due to the lack of synchronization between Unified Data Management (UDM) and Home Subscriber Server (HSS), leading to service disruptions for dual-mode UEs transitioning between 5G and 4G networks.
Introduce new procedures for subscription parameter synchronization by enabling a first apparatus in a 5G core network to transmit requests to a second apparatus in a 4G core network for processing subscription parameters, utilizing new Service Based Interfaces (SBIs) and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to ensure consistent network behavior across different core networks.
Ensures consistent network behavior across 5G and 4G networks, preventing service disruptions and maintaining seamless subscriber experience for UEs moving between these networks.
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Figure CN2024111258_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SUBSCRIPTION PARAMETER SYNCHRONIZATIONFIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for subscription parameter synchronization.BACKGROUND
[0002] Network Configuration Parameters are supported in 4th generation (4G) network for Application Server (AS) / Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF) to configure (e.g., create, update or delete) suggested values of these parameters to define the network behavior. After the 5th generation (5G) is introduced, Network Exposure Function (NEF) plays the similar role as SCEF to configure suggested values for parameters in 5G network.SUMMARY
[0003] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus in a first core network at least to: receive, from a network function in the first core network, a first request to perform a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription; and transmit, to a second apparatus in a second core network, a second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.
[0004] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus in a second core network at least to: receive, from a first apparatus in a first core network, a second request to perform, in the second core network, a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription; and determine a result of the processing on the subscription parameter based on at least one of authorization of the second request or validation of the subscription parameter.
[0005] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, from a network function in the first core network, a first request to perform a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription; and transmitting, to a second apparatus in a second core network, a second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.
[0006] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, from a first apparatus in a first core network, a second request to perform, in the second core network, a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription; and determining a result of the processing on the subscription parameter based on at least one of authorization of the second request or validation of the subscription parameter.
[0007] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a network function in the first core network, a first request to perform a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription; and means for transmitting, to a second apparatus in a second core network, a second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.
[0008] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first apparatus in a first core network, a second request to perform, in the second core network, a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription; and means for determining a result of the processing on the subscription parameter based on at least one of authorization of the second request or validation of the subscription parameter.
[0009] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the third aspect.
[0010] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fourth aspect.
[0011] It is to be understood that the Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an end-to-end call flow for network configuration;
[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates an example signalling chart for subscription parameter synchronization in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIGS. 4A to 4D illustrate example signalling charts for processing on the subscription parameter in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates an example signalling chart for network parameter configuration in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates a further example signalling chart for network parameter configuration in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 9 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0022] FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0023] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0025] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0026] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0027] It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second, ” …, etc. in front of noun (s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun (s) . For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0028] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0029] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.
[0030] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0031] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0032] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0033] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0034] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0035] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0036] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0037] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0038] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , 5.5G, the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0039] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some example embodiments, radio access network (RAN) split architecture comprises a Centralized Unit (CU) and a Distributed Unit (DU) at an IAB donor node. An IAB node comprises a Mobile Terminal (IAB-MT) part that behaves like a UE toward the parent node, and a DU part of an IAB node behaves like a base station toward the next-hop IAB node.
[0040] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0041] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “resource block, ” “physical resource block” (PRB) , “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, for example, a communication between a terminal device and a network device, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other combination of the time, frequency, space and / or code domain resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0042] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a first apparatus 110 and a second apparatus 120 can communicate with each other. The first apparatus 110 and the second apparatus 120 may be deployed in different core networks. As shown in FIG. 1, the first apparatus 110 may be deployed in a core network 130 and the second apparatus 140 may be deployed in a core network 140. For example, the first apparatus 110 may include a network function in the core network 130, and the second apparatus 120 may include a network function in the core network 140. In some example embodiments, the core network 130 may include a 5G core network, or in other words, a 5G system (5GS) , and the core network 140 may include a 4G core network, or in other words, a Evolved Packet System (EPS) .
[0043] In some example embodiments, the core network 130 and the core network 140 may provide subscriber service for a terminal device (e.g., UE) . For example, the core network 130 may provide 5G subscriber service and the core network 140 may provide 4G subscriber service.
[0044] It is to be understood that the number of first apparatus 110 and second apparatus 120 shown in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of first apparatus 110 and second apparatus 120. The core network 130 may include any suitable number of first apparatus 110 and the core network 140 may include any suitable number of second apparatus 120.
[0045] Communications in the communication environment 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0046] As mentioned above, suggested values for parameters in the network. Taking 5G network as an example, such parameters include Maximum Response Time, Maximum Latency and Suggested Number of Downlink Packets. Specifically, Maximum Response Time is used to identify the time for which the UE stays reachable to allow the Application Function (AF) to reliably deliver the required downlink data. Maximum Latency is used to identify maximum delay acceptable for downlink data transfers, for example, in order of 1 minute to multiple hours. Suggested Number of Downlink Packets is used to identify the number of packets that the core network is suggested to buffer if the UE is not reachable, for example, 5 packets.
[0047] Network parameters configuration / downloading procedures are defined in Diameter network for primary EPS service and Monitoring Event service. For example, operators (through data provisioning system like Customer Relationship Management (CRM) ) or SCEF (through S6t-CIR on S6t interface) add / update / delete the above network parameters, Home Subscriber Server (HSS) notifies Mobility Management Entity (MME) through S6a-IDR / DSR.
[0048] The network parameter configuration / downloading is defined in a Service-Based Architecture (SBA) network for primary 5GS service and Monitoring Event service. For example, NEF invokes Nudm_ParameterProvision_Create () / Update () / Delete () Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to configure the above network parameters, Unified Data Management (UDM) updates 5G profile in its database and notifies Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / Session Management Function (SMF) about the change by Nudm_SDM_Notify () .
[0049] However, currently there is no solution for UDM to configure the network parameters for EPS domain (e.g., HSS, MME, Serving Gateway (SGW) , etc. ) through HSS for EPS-5GS-dual-mode UEs when UDM receives the network parameter configuration request from NEF (Nudm_ParameterProvision_Create () / Update () / Delete () ) .
[0050] Finally, the missing of procedures for UDM to send network parameter configuration request to HSS will result in different network behavior between EPS and 5GS for the UE and service impact to the UE.
[0051] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an end-to-end call flow for network configuration in 5GS, which is defined in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) TS23.502 section “4.15.6.2 NEF service operations information flow” . The network element “NF” in FIG. 2 indicates AMF / SMF in 5GS here. 3GPP TS23.632 defines all UDM-HSS interworking scenarios. However, these technical specifications have not described how UDM should interact with HSS and when UDM receives configuration requests for network parameters in 5GS domain. This results in different network behaviors between EPS and 5GS for the same UE.
[0052] As described above, the current standard solution for network parameter configuration in 5GS and EPS leads to the discrepancy of network parameters between EPS and 5GS, which would finally result in different network behaviors between EPS and 5GS.
[0053] For example, for the network parameter “Suggested Number of Downlink Packets” , if the initial configured value on UDM and HSS are both 1000 (packets) and then UDM receives Nudm_ParameterProvision_Update () from NEF to change the value to 2000 (packets) , but UDM does not notify HSS (and further to MME and SGW) about the change, the different core network behaviors will be seen when a not-reachable UE has download-link data, for example, the EPS core network will cache at most 1000 (packets) data while the UE is not reachable temporarily, and the 5GS core network will cache at most 2000 (packets) data while the UE is not reachable temporarily. Finally, this will impact subscriber service when UE moves between EPS and 5GS.
[0054] In accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a solution for subscription parameter synchronization. In the solution, a first apparatus in a first core network receives, from a network function in the first core network, a first request to perform a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription. The first apparatus transmits, to a second apparatus in a second core network, a second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, new procedures is introduced between different core networks for subscription parameter synchronization. In this way, consistent network behavior between different core networks (for example, between EPS and 5GS) can be ensured, so as to protect the subscriber service. For example, if a UE moves between different core networks, consistent network behavior can be ensured.
[0055] Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0056] Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which illustrates an example signalling chart 300 for subscription parameter synchronization in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, the signalling chart 300 involves the first apparatus 110 and the second apparatus 120. For the purpose of discussion, reference is made to FIG. 1 to describe the signaling chart 300.
[0057] The first apparatus 110 receives 302 a first request from a network function in the first core network (e.g., the core network 130) . The first request is received to perform a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription. For example, the user subscription may be associated with a terminal device, for example, a UE. Alternatively, the user subscription may be associated with a serving node in the network, for example, a serving gateway (SGW) . The first request may be considered as a network parameter configuration request and the subscription parameter may include a network parameter.
[0058] After receiving the first request, the first apparatus 110 transmits 308 a second request to the second apparatus 120 in a second core network (e.g., the core network 140) . The second request is transmitted to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.
[0059] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may include a UDM, the network function in the first core network may include a NEF, and the second apparatus 120 may include an HSS. As an example, if the UDM receives the first request from the NEF (e.g., in the 5GS domain) , and if the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network (e.g., in the EPS domain) , the UDM may initiate the second request to the HSS.
[0060] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may include a NEF, the network function in the first core network may include an AF, and the second apparatus may include an HSS. As an example, if the NEF receives the first request from the AF (e.g., in the 5GS domain) and if the subscription parameter is also applicable to the second core network (e.g., in the EPS domain) , the NEF may directly initiate the second request to the HSS, consuming the new HSS service.
[0061] New service and interface may be introduced to support the first apparatus 110 to configure the subscription parameter in the second core network. The following will describe the details by taking a consumer NF as an example of the first apparatus 110 and a HSS as an example of the second apparatus 120.
[0062] In some example embodiments, the second request may be transmitted based on a Service Based Interface (SBI) provided by the second apparatus 120. For example, new HSS SBI service (e.g., Nhss_ParameterProvisioning service) and APIs on HSS SBI interface (e.g., Nhss) may be introduced to support the consumer NF to configure the subscription parameter in the second core network (e.g., EPS) , for example, to support the UDM (or NEF) to configure the subscription parameter on the HSS.
[0063] The introduced HSS SBI service may be referred to as Nhss_ParameterProvision service. The Nhss_ParameterProvision service may provide some service operations, such as update, create and the like. For example, the Nhss_ParameterProvision service may be used by a consumer NF (e.g., UDM or NEF) to update a UE’s or a group of UEs’ subscription data (e.g., Maximum Response Time, Maximum Latency, Suggested Number of Downlink Packets) by means of the update service operation.
[0064] The supported object / parameter list is shown in Table 1 below, where the supported object may be PpEntryData.
[0065] Table 1
[0066] As shown in Table 1, the parameters “ppDlPacketCount” , “maximumResponseTime” and “maximumLatency” may have different configured values on the UDM and the HSS. The parameter “epsInd” may indicate whether the subscription parameter configuration should also be applied to EPS.
[0067] The following will describe the processing on the subscription parameter with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4D, which illustrate example signalling charts 400A to 400D for processing on the subscription parameter in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0068] In some example embodiments, the processing on the subscription parameter may include creating the subscription parameter. As shown in FIG. 4A, the signalling chart 400A involves a consumer NF 410 and a HSS 420. The API Nhss_ParameterProvisioning_Create may be used by the consumer NF 410 (e.g., UDM or NEF) to create / initialize / add the network parameters on the HSS 420. The resource Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) may be represented as {apiRoot} / nhss-pp / <apiVersion> / {ueId} / pp-data-store / {afInstanceId} and the request body may be represented as PpDataEntry.
[0069] With reference to FIG. 4A, the consumer NF 410 (e.g. UDM or NEF) may send 402 the second request (e.g., Nhss_ParameterProvisioning_Create () request) to the HSS 420 to add the network parameters. The HSS 420 may authorize the second request for the consumer NF 410 and validate the data (e.g., according to location pre-configured policy) . If the authorization and validation succeed, the HSS 420 may add the request network parameter to a 4G profile in the HSS database. For example, the HSS 420 may read the 4G profile from the HSS database, add the new parameter into the local copy of the 4G profile, and update the HSS databased with the updated local copy. Then, the HSS 420 may notify the MME about the network parameter changes. Then the HSS 420 may return 404 a response, such as “201” with created PpEntrydata object. If the authorization and validation fail, the HSS 420 may return 404 a response, such as “4xx” or “5xx” based on the failure type.
[0070] Alternatively, or additionally, the processing on the subscription parameter may include updating the subscription parameter. As shown in FIG. 4B, the signalling chart 400B involves the consumer NF 410 and the HSS 420. The API Nhss_ParameterProvisioning_Update may be used by the consumer NF 410 (e.g., UDM or NEF) to update the network parameters on the HSS 420. The resource URI may be represented as {apiRoot} / nhss-pp / <apiVersion> / {ueId} / pp-data and the request body may be represented as PpDataEntry.
[0071] With reference to FIG. 4B, the consumer NF 410 (e.g. UDM or NEF) may send 406 the second request (e.g., Nhss_ParameterProvisioning_Update () request) to the HSS 420 to update the network parameters. The HSS 420 may authorize the second request for the consumer NF 410 and validate the data (e.g., according to location pre-configured policy) . If the authorization and validation succeed, the HSS 420 may update the request network parameter to a 4G profile in the HSS database. For example, the HSS 420 may read the 4G profile from the HSS database, change a value of the request network parameter in the 4G profile, and store the updated 4G profile to the HSS database. Then, the HSS 420 may notify the MME about the network parameter changes. Further, the HSS 420 may return 408 a response, such as “204 No Content” . Otherwise, the HSS 420 may return 408 a response, such as “4xx” or “5xx” based on the failure type.
[0072] Alternatively, or additionally, the processing on the subscription parameter may include deleting the subscription parameter. As shown in FIG. 4C, the signalling chart 400C involves the consumer NF 410 and the HSS 420. The API Nhss_ParameterProvisioning_Delete may be used by the consumer NF 410 (e.g., UDM or NEF) to delete the network parameters on the HSS 420. The resource URI may be represented as {apiRoot} / nhss-pp / <apiVersion> / {ueId} / pp-data-store / {afInstanceId} and the request body may be represented as PpDataEntry.
[0073] With reference to FIG. 4C, the consumer NF 410 (e.g. UDM or NEF) may send 412 the second request (e.g., Nhss_ParameterProvisioning_Delete () request) to the HSS 420 to delete the network parameters. The HSS 420 may authorize the second request for the consumer NF 410 and validate the data (e.g., according to location pre-configured policy) . If the authorization and validation succeed, the HSS 420 may delete the requested network parameter from a 4G profile in the HSS database. For example, the HSS 420 may read at least one portion of the 4G profile from the HSS database, delete the requested network parameter from the read portion, and store the updated portion back to the HSS database. The HSS 410 may notify the MME about the network parameter changes (e.g. S6a-IDR / DSR) . Further, the HSS 420 may return 414 a response, such as “200 OK” , or “204 No Content” . Otherwise, the HSS 420 may return 414 a response, such as “4xx” or “5xx” based on the failure type. Specifically, if the UE is not found on the HSS 420, a response indicating “404 USER_NOT_FOUND” may be returned.
[0074] Alternatively, or additionally, the processing on the subscription parameter may include getting the subscription parameter. As shown in FIG. 4D, the signalling chart 400D involves the consumer NF 410 and the HSS 420. The API Nhss_ParameterProvisioning_Get may be used by the consumer NF 410 (e.g., UDM or NEF) to get / retrieve the network parameters on the HSS 420. The resource URI may be represented as {apiRoot} / nhss-pp / <apiVersion> / {ueId} / pp-data-store / {afInstanceId} and the request body may be represented as PpDataEntry.
[0075] With reference to FIG. 4B, the consumer NF 410 (e.g. UDM or NEF) may send 416 the second request (e.g., Nhss_ParameterProvisioning_Get () request) to the HSS 420 to retrieve the network parameters from the HSS 420. The HSS 420 may authorize the second request for the consumer NF 410 and validate the data (e.g., according to location pre-configured policy) . If the authorization and validation succeed, the HSS 420 may get the requested network parameter from a 4G profile. For example, the HSS 420 may read the 4G profile from the HSS database, and read a value of the requested network parameter in the 4G profile. Then, the HSS 420 may notify the MME about the network parameter changes. Further, the HSS 420 may return 418 a response, such as “200 OK” with PpDataEntry object. Otherwise, the HSS 420 may return 418 a response, such as “4xx” or “5xx” based on the failure type. Specifically, if the UE is not found on the HSS 420, “404 USER_NOT_FOUND” may be returned. It is to be noted that the processing of the HSS 420 after receiving the request is described for purpose of illustration without any limitation.
[0076] The above has described the interface service and APIs. Before the transmission of the second request, the first apparatus 110 needs to determine whether the subscription parameter or the processing of the subscription parameter is applicable to the second apparatus 120 or the second core network. Turning to FIG. 3, the first apparatus 110 may determine 304 the applicability.
[0077] In some example embodiments, the first request may include an indication that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to at least one of the first core network or the second core network. For example, the NEF indicates the UDM that the subscription parameter is applicable to the 5GS and / or the EPS. In some example embodiments, the first request may include an indication that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to both the first core network and the second core network. For example, the NEF indicates the UDM that the subscription parameter is applicable to both the 5GS and the EPS. In some example embodiments, the first request may include an indication that the processing on the subscription parameter is also applicable to the second core network. For example, the NEF indicates the UDM that the subscription parameter is also applicable to the EPS.
[0078] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may determine that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network. Then, based on the determining that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network, the first apparatus 110 may transmit 308 the second request to the second apparatus 120.
[0079] In some example embodiments, determining that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network may be based on that a device associated with the user subscription has a capability of connecting to the second core network. For example, the terminal device associated with the user subscription is EPS-capable.
[0080] Alternatively, or additionally, determining that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network may be based on that the first request comprises an indication that the processing of the subscription parameter is also applicable to the second core network or applicable to both the first and second core networks. For example, the NEF may determine whether the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the HSS or EPS core network based on its local configuration and indicate this to the UDM through a dedicated parameter. As mentioned in Table 1, the parameter “epsInd” may be included in the first request for indicating that the parameter configuration may be applied to the EPS core network.
[0081] Alternatively, or additionally, determining that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network may be based on an interworking indication (e.g., an EPS Interworking indication in 5G subscription data on the UDM) for the second core network in subscription data of the first core network.
[0082] Alternatively, or additionally, determining that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network may be based on a local policy at the first apparatus 110 (e.g., a preconfigured UDM local policy) .
[0083] In some example embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, the first apparatus 110 may generate 306 the second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network based on the first request. For example, the UDM may generate the second request based on the indication from the NEF or its local policy and transmit the second request to the HSS.
[0084] Further, after receiving the second request, the second apparatus 120 may determine 312 a result of the processing on the subscription parameter based on at least one of authorization of the second request or validation of the subscription parameter. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 may transmit 314 a response to the second request indicating a result of the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network. The first apparatus 110 may receive 316 the response.
[0085] In this way, the existing end-to-end network parameter configuration procedure in 5GS can be enhanced by adding the interaction between the NEF / AF / UDM and the EPS / HSS / MME. The following will provide specific examples to describe the interaction procedure with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
[0086] FIG. 5 illustrates an example signalling chart 500 for network parameter configuration in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, the signalling chart 500 involves an AF 502, an NEF 504, a UDM 510, a UDR 506 and an NF 508 from a core network (e.g., the first core network 130) . The signalling chart 500 further involves an HSS 520, an EPS-UDR 522 and an MME 524 from a further core network (e.g., the EPS core network) . In such case, the UDM 510 may be considered as an example of the first apparatus 110, the NEF 504 may be considered as an example of the network function in the first core network 130 (e.g., the 5G core network) , and the HSS 520 may be considered as an example of the second apparatus 120.
[0087] If the UDM 510 receives network parameter configuration operations (from the NEF 504 or provisioning system) , besides the current defined procedures for interaction with the UDR 506 (or AMF / SMF) , the UDM 510 should interact with the HSS 520 to synchronize the network parameter with the HSS 520 (or the EPS core network) .
[0088] Specifically, at step 532, the AF 502 provides one or more network parameters to be created or updated in a Nnef_ParameterProvision_Create or Nnef_ParameterProvision_Update or Nnef_ParameterProvision_Delete Request to the NEF 504. The Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) identifies the UE and the Transaction Reference ID identifies the transaction request between the NEF 504 and the AF 502. For the case of Nnef_ParameterProvision_Create, the NEF 504 assigns a Transaction Reference ID to the Nnef_ParameterProvision_Create request. The NEF 504 checks whether the requestor is allowed to perform the requested service operation by checking requestor’s identifier (i.e., AF Identifier) .
[0089] For a Create request associated with a 5G Voice Network (VN) group, the External Group ID identifies the 5G VN Group. The payload of the Nnef_ParameterProvision_Update Request includes one or more of the following parameters: Network Configuration parameters defined above, or Machine-Type Communications (MTC) Provider Information.
[0090] At step 534, if the AF 502 is authorized by the NEF 504 to provision the network parameters, the NEF 504 requests to create, update, store, or delete the provisioned network parameters as part of the subscriber data via Nudm_ParameterProvision_Create, Nudm_ParameterProvision_Update or Nudm_ParameterProvision_Delete Request message, which includes the provisioned data and NEF reference ID and optionally MTC Provider Information.
[0091] If the AF 502 is not authorized to provision the network parameters, then the NEF 504 continues in step 542 indicating a reason to failure in Nnef_ParameterProvision_Create / Update / Delete Response message. If the NEF 504 does not receive Data Network Name (DNN) and / or Single Network Slice Selection Assistance information (S-NSSAI) from the AF 502 and such information is configured as needed within the 5G Core network, the NEF 504 determines the DNN and / or S-NSSAI from the AF Identifier.
[0092] At step 536, the UDM 510 may read from the UDR 506, by means of Nudr_DM_Query, corresponding subscription information in order to validate required data updates and authorize these changes for this subscriber or Group for the corresponding AF 502.
[0093] At step 538, if the AF 502 is authorized by the UDM 510 to provision the network parameters for this subscriber, the UDM 510 resolves the GPSI to Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) , and requests to create, update or delete the provisioned network parameters as part of the subscriber data via Nudr_DM_Create / Update / Delete Request message, which includes the provisioned data. If the AF 502 is not authorized to provision the network parameters, then the UDM 510 continues in step 540 indicating the reason to failure in Nudm_ParameterProvision_Update Response message.
[0094] At step 540, the UDM 510 responds the request with Nudm_ParameterProvision_Create / Update / Delete Response and interact with the HSS 520 in step 548 if the UE is EPS-capable. If the procedure failed, the cause value indicates the reason. Optionally, the UDM 510 notifies its consumer NF 508 (e.g., AMF / SMF) about the network parameter change in steps 544 and 546.
[0095] At step 542, the NEF 504 responds the request with Nnef_ParameterProvision_Create / Update / Delete Response. If the procedure failed, the cause value indicates the reason.
[0096] At step 544, the UDM 510 sends Nudm_SDM_Notify () request with its consumer NF 508.
[0097] At step 546, the UDM 510 receives Nudm_SDM_Notify () response from its consumer NF 508.
[0098] If the NEF 504 indicates the request is also applicable to the EPS core network, the procedure further includes steps 548 to 558.
[0099] At step 548, the UDM 510 sends Nhss_ParameterProvision_Create_Update / Delete request to the HSS 520.
[0100] At steps 550 and 552, the HSS 520 authorizes the request and validate the provided network parameters. If succeeded, the HSS 520 handles (e.g., reads / updates) the 4G profile from / to its DB, responds to the UDM 510 in step 558 and notifies the MME 524 about the network parameter change in steps 554 and 556. If failed, the HSS 520 returns the corresponding error in step 558. For Get request, the procedure goes to step 558 to return the provisioned network parameters to the UDM 510.
[0101] At steps 554 and 556, the HSS 520 sends S6a-IDR / DSR to the MME 524 to notify the MME 524 about the network parameter change.
[0102] At step 558, the HSS 520 returns Nhss_ParameterProvision_Create / Update / Delete / Get () response to the UDM 510.
[0103] As a summary, once the UDM 510 receives network parameter configuration request in 5GS domain, if the UE is EPS-capable and the NEF 504 indicates that the request is also applicable to the EPS core network, the UDM 510 may initiate a network parameter configuration request to the HSS 520 additionally. Accordingly, the HSS 520 may update the 4G profile in its database and further notify the MME 524. As an alternative, the NEF 504 may directly initiate a network configuration request to the HSS 520, consuming the new HSS service via Nhss. The following will describe with reference to FIG. 6.
[0104] FIG. 6 illustrates another example signalling chart 600 for network parameter configuration in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, the signalling chart 600 involves the AF 502, the NEF 504, the UDM 510, the UDR 506 and the NF 508 from a core network (e.g., the first core network 130) . The signalling chart 600 further involves the HSS 520, the EPS-UDR 522 and the MME 524 from a further core network (e.g., the EPS core network) . In such case, the NEF 504 may be considered as an example of the first apparatus 110, the AF 502 may be considered as an example of the network function in the first core network 130 (e.g., the 5G core network) , and the HSS 520 may be considered as an example of the second apparatus 120.
[0105] The NEF 504 consumes Nhss_ParameterProvision service directly to the HSS 520. Specifically, at step 602, the AF 502 provides one or more network parameters to be created or updated in a Nnef_ParameterProvision_Create or Nnef_ParameterProvision_Update or Nnef_ParameterProvision_Delete Request to the NEF 504. The GPSI identifies the UE and the Transaction Reference ID identifies the transaction request between the NEF 504 and the AF 502. For the case of Nnef_ParameterProvision_Create, the NEF 504 assigns a Transaction Reference ID to the Nnef_ParameterProvision_Create request. The NEF 504 checks whether the requestor is allowed to perform the requested service operation by checking requestor’s identifier (i.e., AF Identifier) .
[0106] At step 604, if the AF 502 is authorized by the NEF 504 to provision the network parameters, the NEF 504 requests to create, update, store, or delete the provisioned network parameters as part of the subscriber data via Nudm_ParameterProvision_Create, Nudm_ParameterProvision_Update or Nudm_ParameterProvision_Delete Request message, which includes the provisioned data and NEF reference ID and optionally MTC Provider Information. In this example, at step 604, the NEF 504 does not indicate the UDM 510 that the request is also applicable to the EPS core network. For example, the NEF 504’s decision for not indicating so may be based on that the UDM 510 does not support parameter synchronization with the EPS core network, for example, that the UDM 510 does not support the steps 548 to 558 of FIG. 5.
[0107] At step 606, the UDM 510 may read from the UDR 506, by means of Nudr_DM_Query, corresponding subscription information in order to validate required data updates and authorize these changes for this subscriber or Group for the corresponding AF 502.
[0108] At step 608, if the AF 502 is authorized by the UDM 510 to provision the network parameters for this subscriber, the UDM 510 resolves the GPSI to SUPI, and requests to create, update or delete the provisioned network parameters as part of the subscriber data via Nudr_DM_Create / Update / Delete Request message, which includes the provisioned data. If the AF 502 is not authorized to provision the network parameters, then the UDM 510 continues in step 610 indicating the reason to failure in Nudm_ParameterProvision_Update Response message.
[0109] At step 610, the UDM 510 responds the request with Nudm_ParameterProvision_Create / Update / Delete Response.
[0110] At step 612, the UDM 510 sends Nudm_SDM_Notify () request with its consumer NF 508.
[0111] At step 614, the UDM 510 receives Nudm_SDM_Notify () response from its consumer NF 508.
[0112] If the NEF 504 identifies that this request is also applicable to the EPS core network, but the UDM 510 has not been requested to also apply the configuration to the EPS core network, the procedure may further include steps 616 to 626.
[0113] At step 616, the NEF 504 sends Nhss_ParameterProvision_Create_Update / Delete request to the HSS 520 directly. That is, if the UE is EPS-capable, the NEF 504 interacts with the HSS 520 in this step.
[0114] At steps 618 and 620, the HSS 520 authorizes the request and validate the provided network parameters. If succeeded, the HSS 520 handles (e.g., reads / updates) the 4G profile from / to its DB, responds to the NEF 504 in step 626 and notifies the MME 524 about the network parameter change in steps 622 and 624. If failed, the HSS 520 returns the corresponding error in step 626. For Get request, the procedure goes to step 626 to return the provisioned network parameters to the NEF 504.
[0115] At steps 622 and 624, the HSS 520 sends S6a-IDR / DSR to the MME 524 to notify the MME 524 about the network parameter change.
[0116] At step 626, the HSS 520 returns Nhss_ParameterProvision_Create / Update / Delete / Get () response to the NEF 504.
[0117] At step 628, the NEF 504 sends the Nnef_ParameterProvision_Create / Update / Delete response to the AF 502 to respond the request. If the procedure failed, the cause value indicates the reason.
[0118] In this way, the NEF 504 may coordinate the Network Parameter configuration within EPS domain and 5GS domain. The NEF 504 may guarantee consistent network parameter configuration to the UDM 510 and the HSS 520.
[0119] Last but not least, after the operator configures the network parameters in 5GS, the solutions provided by the present disclosure can ensure the consistent network behavior between EPS and 5GS when the UE moves between EPS and 5GS to protect the subscriber service.
[0120] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of an example method 700 implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0121] At block 710, the first apparatus 110 receives, from a network function in the first core network, a first request to perform a processing on a subscription parameter of a terminal device.
[0122] At block 720, the first apparatus 110 transmits, to a second apparatus in a second core network, a second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.
[0123] In some example embodiments, the processing on the subscription parameter comprises at least one of: creating the subscription parameter, updating the subscription parameter, deleting the subscription parameter, or getting the subscription parameter.
[0124] In some example embodiments, the first request comprises an indication that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to at least one of the first core network or the second core network.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 determines that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network; and based on the determining that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network, transmits the second request to the second apparatus.
[0126] In some example embodiments, determining that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network is based on at least one of: that a device associated with the user subscription has a capability of connecting to the second core network, that the first request comprises an indication that the processing of the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network, an interworking indication for the second core network in subscription data of the first core network, or a local policy at the first apparatus.
[0127] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 generates the second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network based on the first request.
[0128] In some example embodiments, the second request is transmitted based on a Service Based Interface provided by the second apparatus.
[0129] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 receives, from the second apparatus, a response to the second request indicating a result of the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.
[0130] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a Unified Data Management, the network function in the first core network comprises a Network Exposure Function, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.
[0131] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a Network Exposure Function, the network function in the first core network comprises an Application Function, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.
[0132] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of an example method 800 implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 800 will be described from the perspective of the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.
[0133] At block 810, the second apparatus 120 receives, from a first apparatus in a first core network, a second request to perform, in the second core network, a processing on a subscription parameter of a terminal device.
[0134] At block 820, the second apparatus 120 determines a result of the processing on the subscription parameter based on at least one of authorization of the second request or validation of the subscription parameter.
[0135] In some example embodiments, the processing on the subscription parameter comprises at least one of: creating the subscription parameter, updating the subscription parameter, deleting the subscription parameter, or getting the subscription parameter.
[0136] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120, in response to a success in the at least one of the authorization or the validation, performs the processing on the subscription parameter; and determine a successful result of the processing on the subscription parameter.
[0137] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 transmits, to a Mobility Management Entity in the second core network, an indication of the processing on the subscription parameter.
[0138] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120, in response to a failure in the at least one of the authorization or the validation, determines a failed result of the processing on the subscription parameter.
[0139] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 transmits, to the first apparatus, a response to the second request indicating the result of the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.
[0140] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a Unified Data Management, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.
[0141] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a Network Exposure Function, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.
[0142] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 700 (for example, the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0143] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a network function in the first core network, a first request to perform a processing on a subscription parameter of a terminal device; and means for transmitting, to a second apparatus in a second core network, a second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.
[0144] In some example embodiments, the processing on the subscription parameter comprises at least one of: creating the subscription parameter, updating the subscription parameter, deleting the subscription parameter, or getting the subscription parameter.
[0145] In some example embodiments, the first request comprises an indication that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to at least one of the first core network or the second core network.
[0146] In some example embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus to: determine that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network; and based on the determining that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network, transmit the second request to the second apparatus.
[0147] In some example embodiments, determining that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network is based on at least one of:that a device associated with the user subscription has a capability of connecting to the second core network, that the first request comprises an indication that the processing of the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network, an interworking indication for the second core network in subscription data of the first core network, or a local policy at the first apparatus.
[0148] In some example embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus to: generate the second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network based on the first request.
[0149] In some example embodiments, the second request is transmitted based on a Service Based Interface provided by the second apparatus.
[0150] In some example embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first apparatus to: receive, from the second apparatus, a response to the second request indicating a result of the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.
[0151] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a Unified Data Management, the network function in the first core network comprises a Network Exposure Function, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.
[0152] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a Network Exposure Function, the network function in the first core network comprises an Application Function, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.
[0153] In some example embodiments, a second apparatus capable of performing any of the method 800 (for example, the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The second apparatus may be implemented as or included in the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.
[0154] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first apparatus in a first core network, a second request to perform, in the second core network, a processing on a subscription parameter of a terminal device; and means for determining a result of the processing on the subscription parameter based on at least one of authorization of the second request or validation of the subscription parameter.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the processing on the subscription parameter comprises at least one of: creating the subscription parameter, updating the subscription parameter, deleting the subscription parameter, or getting the subscription parameter.
[0156] In some example embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus to: in response to a success in the at least one of the authorization or the validation, perform the processing on the subscription parameter; and determine a successful result of the processing on the subscription parameter.
[0157] In some example embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second apparatus to: transmit, to a Mobility Management Entity in the second core network, an indication of the processing on the subscription parameter.
[0158] In some example embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus to: in response to a failure in the at least one of the authorization or the validation, determine a failed result of the processing on the subscription parameter.
[0159] In some example embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second apparatus to: transmit, to the first apparatus, a response to the second request indicating the result of the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.
[0160] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a Unified Data Management, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.
[0161] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a Network Exposure Function, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.
[0162] FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a device 900 that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 900 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the first apparatus 110 or the second apparatus 120 as shown in FIG. 1. As shown, the device 900 includes one or more processors 910, one or more memories 920 coupled to the processor 910, and one or more communication modules 940 coupled to the processor 910.
[0163] The communication module 940 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 940 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, the communication module 940 may include at least one antenna.
[0164] The processor 910 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 900 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0165] The memory 920 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 924, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random-access memory (RAM) 922 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0166] A computer program 930 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 910. The instructions of the program 930 may include instructions for performing operations / acts of some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The program 930 may be stored in the memory, e.g., the ROM 924. The processor 910 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 930 into the RAM 922.
[0167] The example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 930 so that the device 900 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 3 to FIG. 8. The example embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the program 930 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 900 (such as in the memory 920) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 900. The device 900 may load the program 930 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 922 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer readable medium may include any types of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0169] FIG. 10 shows an example of the computer readable medium 1000 which may be in form of CD, DVD or other optical storage disk. The computer readable medium 1000 has the program 930 stored thereon.
[0170] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, and other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0171] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0172] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0173] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0174] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0175] Further, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, although several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated, certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in a plurality of embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0176] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus in a first core network at least to:receive, from a network function in the first core network, a first request to perform a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription; andtransmit, to a second apparatus in a second core network, a second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.2.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing on the subscription parameter comprises at least one of:creating the subscription parameter,updating the subscription parameter,deleting the subscription parameter, orgetting the subscription parameter.3.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first request comprises an indication that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to at least one of the first core network or the second core network.4.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus to:determine that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network; andbased on the determining that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network, transmit the second request to the second apparatus.5.The first apparatus of claim 4, wherein determining that the processing on the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network is based on at least one of:that a device associated with the user subscription has a capability of connecting to the second core network,that the first request comprises an indication that the processing of the subscription parameter is applicable to the second core network,an interworking indication for the second core network in subscription data of the first core network, ora local policy at the first apparatus.6.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus to:generate the second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network based on the first request.7.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second request is transmitted based on a Service Based Interface provided by the second apparatus.8.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first apparatus to:receive, from the second apparatus, a response to the second request indicating a result of the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.9.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus comprises a Unified Data Management, the network function in the first core network comprises a Network Exposure Function, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.10.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus comprises a Network Exposure Function, the network function in the first core network comprises an Application Function, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.11.A second apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus in a second core network at least to:receive, from a first apparatus in a first core network, a second request to perform, in the second core network, a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription; anddetermine a result of the processing on the subscription parameter based on at least one of authorization of the second request or validation of the subscription parameter.12.The second apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing on the subscription parameter comprises at least one of:creating the subscription parameter,updating the subscription parameter,deleting the subscription parameter, orgetting the subscription parameter.13.The second apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus to:in response to a success in the at least one of the authorization or the validation, perform the processing on the subscription parameter; anddetermine a successful result of the processing on the subscription parameter.14.The second apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second apparatus to:transmit, to a Mobility Management Entity in the second core network, an indication of the processing on the subscription parameter.15.The second apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus to:in response to a failure in the at least one of the authorization or the validation, determine a failed result of the processing on the subscription parameter.16.The second apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second apparatus to:transmit, to the first apparatus, a response to the second request indicating the result of the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.17.The second apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first apparatus comprises a Unified Data Management, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.18.The second apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first apparatus comprises a Network Exposure Function, and the second apparatus comprises a Home Subscriber Server.19.A method comprising:receiving, from a network function in the first core network, a first request to perform a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription.transmitting, to a second apparatus in a second core network, a second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.20.A method comprising:receiving, from a first apparatus in a first core network, a second request to perform, in the second core network, a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription.determining a result of the processing on the subscription parameter based on at least one of authorization of the second request or validation of the subscription parameter.21.A first apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a network function in the first core network, a first request to perform a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription; andmeans for transmitting, to a second apparatus in a second core network, a second request to perform the processing on the subscription parameter in the second core network.22.A second apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a first apparatus in a first core network, a second request to perform, in the second core network, a processing on a subscription parameter of a user subscription; andmeans for determining a result of the processing on the subscription parameter based on at least one of authorization of the second request or validation of the subscription parameter.23.A computer readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus at least to perform the method of claim 19 or the method of claim 20.
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