Formwork element, formwork system, and forming method

Abstract

The invention relates to a formwork element (1) having a formwork surface (2) for delimiting a formwork space (3) along a first side (4), wherein an auxiliary formwork element (6) is provided which is arranged on the formwork element (1) so as to be movable into a forming position in a direction containing a normal vector (N) to the formwork surface (2), in order to enable partial delimitation of the formwork space (3) along a second side (5). The invention also relates to a method for producing a structure in a way that saves time and reduces costs. The invention makes it possible, in the case of structures which are to be produced in sections and which are produced by means of a plurality of formwork sections which are adjacent or adjoin one another, for the work on the subsequent formwork section to be started even before the legal curing time of the filling material has elapsed.

Description

[0001] Formwork element, formwork system and method for

[0002] FORMWORK

[0003] AREA OF INVENTION

[0004] The present invention relates to a formwork element with a formwork surface for delimiting a formwork space along a first side.

[0005] These types of formwork elements are used to line a formwork cavity, which, after the formwork has been erected, is filled with a hardenable filler, usually concrete, to construct walls or ceilings of a building, at least in sections. To achieve the required load-bearing capacity of the structure being erected, reinforcements, such as reinforcing bars, are typically placed and connected within the formwork cavity before the concrete is poured. A common example of this is reinforced concrete.

[0006] After the filler has hardened, the formwork elements are usually removed and can largely be reused. Regarding the curing time required, a fundamental distinction must be made between a technical and a legally mandated curing time.

[0007] The technical curing time is the time the filler material needs to solidify. This solidification occurs due to chemical and / or physical processes within the filler and is generally a gradual process. The technical curing time is defined as the time after which the filler material remains dimensionally stable without the formwork elements of the formwork section, although the final strength may not yet have been reached. The statutory curing time, on the other hand, is the time after which the legislator considers the constructed wall or ceiling to be sufficiently strong, particularly to allow the removal of the formwork elements. This statutory curing time is generally significantly longer than the technical curing time, and in practice is often many times longer. It is a limiting factor for the overall construction time of the building, as will be explained below.

[0008] A formwork space is typically bounded on several of its sides or surfaces by appropriate formwork elements and, if necessary, auxiliary elements such as wooden strips or wooden elements, in order to prevent the filler material from leaking out during filling and curing as completely as possible. Such auxiliary elements can also be referred to as auxiliary formwork elements and / or additional formwork elements. A group of formwork elements and / or auxiliary elements that at least partially bound a formwork space on several of its sides is called a formwork system.

[0009] While in practice the shape of a formwork space can be arbitrary depending on the structure to be built, the cuboid shape is the most commonly used shape, as it is needed for the construction of all walls, ceilings and floors.

[0010] The formwork space always has a base and a lateral surface, the lateral surface consisting of several, in the case of a cuboid shape, four, side faces. However, in the following, both the side faces and the base are referred to as sides of the formwork space, depending on whether a wall or a ceiling is being formed, as explained in more detail below.

[0011] The present invention therefore relates in particular to formwork elements and systems, as well as methods used in the production of cuboid formwork spaces, although the production of other shapes is not excluded. In practice, however, due to structural regulations and / or the material properties of the filler, it is not possible to completely construct a wall or ceiling in a single step, i.e., to form and subsequently fill it. Instead, the entire project is divided into several adjacent formwork sections. The formwork sections are sequentially formed and then filled. Only when the filler in the current formwork section has hardened and the legally required curing time has elapsed can work begin on the adjacent formwork section.

[0012] A formwork section can theoretically consist of a single formwork space, however, in the sense of modular formwork, it is advantageous if a formwork section is composed of a formwork space and one or more additional formwork volumes arranged next to and / or behind each other.

[0013] Such formwork sections are generally enclosed on five sides, while the sixth side (filling opening), through which the fill material is introduced into the space defined by the formwork section, remains open or must remain open. Depending on the desired dimensions of the wall or ceiling in a given vertical direction, the formwork section is not filled to its entire height, i.e., from the base to the filling opening.

[0014] If the formwork section consists of a formwork chamber and one or more additional formwork volumes, for example, because several formwork elements arranged side by side are required in the longitudinal direction to define the necessary length of the formwork section, then the formwork chamber is an end section of the formwork section, which has an end face and represents an end region of the formwork section. The end face of the formwork section thus corresponds to the end face of the formwork chamber. The formwork chamber is usually bounded on a maximum of four, preferably exactly four, sides, since in addition to the filling opening, the side adjacent to the adjoining additional formwork volume must also be open.

[0015] The end section of the formwork opposite the end face has an end face that is preferably aligned parallel to the end face, since this end section is also typically bounded by the formwork on a maximum of four, preferably exactly four, sides. Further formwork volumes located between the formwork chamber and the end section having the end face only need to be bounded by formwork on a maximum of three, preferably exactly three, sides, since they each connect to a formwork chamber or another formwork volume on two of their sides.

[0016] Particularly in connection with the end face, the boundary of the end section does not necessarily have to be formed by a formwork element or an auxiliary element, but can, for example, be formed by an end face of the ceiling or wall section produced by means of the preceding adjacent formwork section. In other words, the end face of the subsequent adjacent formwork section corresponds to the end face of the formwork space of the preceding adjacent formwork section. Alternatively, an already constructed transverse wall can also define the end face.

[0017] If the end face is intended to serve as a transition between the formwork space and the adjacent formwork section—that is, if the end face of the ceiling or wall section filled in the middle of the formwork section, bounded by the end face of the current formwork space, is to form the end face of the adjacent formwork section—then one or more auxiliary elements, such as auxiliary formwork elements and / or additional formwork elements, are typically used to form the end face of the formwork space. These auxiliary elements, in particular, allow the reinforcing bars of the current formwork section to be inserted and connected to the reinforcing bars of the adjacent formwork section. The formwork sections typically have dimensions of up to 15 meters.

[0018] The thickness of the wall or ceiling is usually a few tens of centimeters, but can sometimes be thinner or significantly thicker.

[0019] STATE OF THE ART

[0020] When constructing walls of a building, the formwork space of the corresponding formwork section may be bounded on its side opposite the filling opening, i.e., on its base, by an existing floor slab or foundation slab. On the sides of the formwork space defining the filling opening, i.e., on its lateral surface, the formwork space may be bounded by formwork elements or by auxiliary elements, such as auxiliary formwork elements and / or additional formwork elements, while the side of the formwork space opposite the end face remains open, as described above.

[0021] The height and length of the formwork section can be significantly greater than its thickness, with height being defined as the direction extending perpendicular to the base of the structure. Accordingly, one or more additional formwork elements can be used along the length of the formwork section, as well as, if necessary, along the height of the formwork section or formwork space.

[0022] In the event that the formwork section and the formwork space coincide, the side opposite the end face may, for example, also be limited by an existing wall or part of a wall.

[0023] When constructing ceilings, the formwork space of the corresponding formwork section can be bounded on the side opposite the filling opening, i.e., its base area, by means of a formwork element. On the sides of the formwork space defining the filling opening, i.e., its lateral surface, the formwork space can be bounded by a combination of formwork elements, auxiliary elements, and any existing walls, while the side of the formwork space opposite the end face remains open, as described above.

[0024] The length and width of the formwork section can be significantly greater than its thickness. Accordingly, one or more additional formwork elements can be used to form the base of the formwork section.

[0025] The maximum fillable volume of such a limited formwork space or formwork section generally depends on the properties of the material to be filled and legal regulations.

[0026] The fact is, however, that to produce the walls and ceilings of a building, a large number of such defined adjacent formwork sections must be filled, which has been problematic so far insofar as the formwork of an end face of a formwork space must necessarily be removed before the end face of the ceiling or wall section produced by means of the corresponding formwork section can serve as the end face for the subsequently produced adjacent formwork section.

[0027] In practice, the process has therefore been as follows: first, formwork for a formwork section, particularly for its formwork space, is erected and filled with filler material; then the curing time required by the material and the legally prescribed curing time is observed. Only after this curing time can the formwork and / or auxiliary elements limiting the end face be removed before the formwork for the subsequent adjacent formwork section can be erected and subsequently filled.

[0028] The reason for this was that, in the case of wall construction, the auxiliary elements defining the end face of the formwork space, such as auxiliary formwork elements and / or additional formwork elements, were arranged and fixed or clamped between the formwork elements. Furthermore, these auxiliary elements are typically designed to accommodate the reinforcing bars, which are usually arranged perpendicular to the vertical direction. Since the reinforcing bars thus prevent the auxiliary elements from being pulled out vertically, the formwork elements defining the lateral surfaces of the formwork space had to be removed, or at least moved a certain distance laterally away from the constructed wall section, in order to remove the formwork defining the end face.

[0029] Only after these elements were removed could the formwork for the subsequent adjacent formwork section be erected, which meant that no work could be carried out on the adjacent formwork section to be produced next before the legally prescribed curing time for the formwork section that had just been filled.

[0030] The production of a ceiling presents essentially the same problem as the production of walls; however, in this case, the removal or movement of the formwork elements forming the base of the formwork space, usually in the opposite direction of height, to remove the formwork of the front face is the step that prevented work on the adjacent and next to be produced formwork section.

[0031] TASK OF INVENTION

[0032] The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a formwork element for limiting a formwork space, in particular for limiting a formwork space which is part of a formwork section, by means of which the statutory curing time of the filler material after filling a formwork section does not have to be waited for before the formwork of an adjacent formwork space, in particular of an adjacent formwork section, can be erected.

[0033] The object of the invention is also to reduce the number of necessary

[0034] Work steps for the production of one from several

[0035] to reduce the formwork sections of the wall or ceiling formed, or to reduce the time required for the individual work steps, thus achieving a time saving in the production of the wall or ceiling.

[0036] In particular, the object of the invention is to enable the simultaneous execution of several work steps that would otherwise necessarily have to be carried out sequentially, in order to achieve further time savings.

[0037] Consequently, it is also an object of the invention to enable, in particular through the time savings achieved, a more cost-effective production of a building.

[0038] Consequently, it is also an object of the invention to be able to align the formwork sections of a wall or ceiling to be produced in several sections with each other.

[0039] Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a formwork system and a method which each solve at least one of the previous problems.

[0040] PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0041] In order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in a formwork element of the type mentioned above with a formwork surface for delimiting a formwork space along a first side, it is provided according to the invention that an auxiliary formwork element is provided which is arranged on the formwork element in a direction containing a normal vector to the formwork surface, preferably in a direction normal to the formwork surface, in a formwork position in order to enable a partial delimitation of the formwork space along a second side.

[0042] The inventive combination of formwork element with movable auxiliary formwork element is intended for the delimitation of a formwork space, the second side of which corresponds to the end face of the formwork space, such that the second side forms part of the lateral surface of the formwork space. This applies regardless of whether the formwork space is part of a formwork section, namely its end face, or whether the formwork section and formwork space coincide.

[0043] In the case of formwork for a ceiling, the first side of the formwork space is the side of the formwork space opposite the filling opening, i.e., the base area of ​​the formwork space.

[0044] However, if the formwork element according to the invention with movable auxiliary formwork element is used for the formwork of a wall, then the first side of the formwork space is also a part of the lateral surface of the formwork space, namely a side for a longitudinal side of the wall to be produced.

[0045] The disadvantage of the prior art, according to which, for example, in the case of a long wall or ceiling to be erected in sections, the legally prescribed curing time must be observed before the next formwork space can be delimited by formwork elements, is overcome by the formwork element according to the invention with movable auxiliary formwork element:

[0046] In the formwork position, the formwork element and auxiliary formwork element prevent the filler material from escaping the formwork space. Since the auxiliary formwork element is only intended to partially define the second side of the formwork space, additional elements, such as supplementary formwork elements or further auxiliary formwork elements, are usually provided. These, together with the auxiliary formwork element, define the second side of the formwork space. These additional elements are also typically designed to accommodate the reinforcing bars.

[0047] After the filler has hardened, however, it is not necessary, as in the prior art, to remove the formwork element having the formwork surface or at least to move it a short distance away from the formwork space before the further elements bounding the second side of the formwork space, in particular those designed for the passage of the reinforcing bars, can be removed.

[0048] Rather, the movable design of the auxiliary formwork element is utilized: Since this is movable in the direction containing the normal vector in order to be brought from a starting position, for example a demolding position or formwork removal position or transport position, into the formwork position, the process of setting the formwork is simplified due to the relative position to the formwork element specified by the direction of movement, and the work steps required for setting the formwork are reduced.

[0049] However, the ability to move the auxiliary formwork element into the formwork position necessarily also results in the ability to move it in the opposite direction, so that the auxiliary formwork element can also be moved "back" from the formwork position in the opposite direction.

[0050] If the auxiliary formwork element, currently in the formwork position, is moved in the opposite direction, the formwork element itself, or rather its formwork surface, can remain stationary relative to the formwork space, while still allowing the elements defining the other side of the formwork space to be removed. This makes it possible to erect the formwork for the adjacent formwork section even while waiting for the legally required curing time. Furthermore, preparatory work can be carried out on the adjacent formwork section, such as preparing the reinforcement for the adjacent section and connecting this reinforcement to reinforcing bars inserted from within the formwork space.

[0051] According to the invention, the formwork element further serves to enable the filling of an adjacent formwork section bordering the front face of the formwork space with filler material, even though the formwork space or the formwork section of which the formwork space forms a part has not yet hardened, or, more precisely, its legally prescribed curing time has not yet expired.

[0052] Due to the previously described mobility of the auxiliary formwork element, the formwork element according to the invention allows for the "lateral removal" of the auxiliary formwork element from the formwork position, in this case after a short curing time in which the filler material no longer flows, but the legally prescribed curing time does not yet permit the complete stripping of the formwork space or formwork section, thus allowing the end face of the wall or ceiling section produced by means of the formwork space or formwork section, which acts as the end face of the adjacent formwork section, to be exposed for connection without the formwork space or formwork section having to be completely stripped, as was previously the case.

[0053] The adjacent formwork section can therefore be prepared immediately, even though the legally required curing time of the filler material in the formwork space or section has not yet expired. Ideally, the technical curing time can then be used for the aforementioned preparatory work. In this case, after waiting for the technical curing time to elapse, possibly with an additional safety margin, the adjacent formwork section can be grouted after the end face formwork has been removed. The difference between the legally required curing time and the duration of the preparatory work can then be considered a time saving.

[0054] It is irrelevant that the auxiliary formwork element only partially covers the second side of the formwork space, since moving the auxiliary formwork element partially releases the second side, allowing additional formwork elements, which together with the auxiliary formwork element at least partially limit the second side, especially when constructing walls, to also be stripped despite reinforcement.

[0055] If the movement of the auxiliary formwork element is essentially manual, one can speak of extending and retracting the auxiliary formwork element, while in the case of mechanical operation one can also speak of extending and retracting the auxiliary formwork element.

[0056] The previously described effect achieved by the auxiliary formwork element can be particularly advantageously utilized if the formwork element projects beyond the formwork space and the auxiliary formwork element, so that the same formwork element can be used directly for the formwork of the adjacent formwork section. Alternatively or additionally, the formwork element can also be designed to be connected to the adjacent formwork element by means of formwork element connectors.

[0057] Advantageously, the formwork element has a receiving space from which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved into the formwork position, in particular extended or pushed out, and / or in which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved from the formwork position in the opposite direction, in particular retracted or pulled in.

[0058] Preferably, the formwork element and the movable auxiliary formwork element form a mechanically connected unit, so that they can be manipulated, stored and positioned together.

[0059] A mechanically connected unit is understood to have two particular design variants: In a first design variant, the auxiliary formwork element, preferably together with a movement unit for the auxiliary formwork element, is integrated into a specially designed formwork element, which for this purpose may preferably have a receiving space for the auxiliary formwork element. Accordingly, the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element form a structural and functional unit.

[0060] In a second embodiment, the auxiliary formwork element, preferably together with a movement unit for the auxiliary formwork element, is provided as part of an additional module, wherein the additional module can be mechanically connected to one or two, in particular conventional, formwork elements. In this embodiment, the additional module forms a mechanically connected unit with the at least one formwork element when the additional module is attached to the at least one formwork element, for example by means of detachable screw connections.In this context, an assembly comprising two formwork elements and an auxiliary formwork element arranged between the formwork elements and attached via the additional module may also have a receiving space for the auxiliary formwork element if the auxiliary formwork element is set back from the formwork surface of at least one formwork element in the assembled state due to the structural design of the additional module.

[0061] By manufacturing the auxiliary formwork element from metal, for example, it can be ensured that the auxiliary formwork element can be easily detached from the fill material, especially concrete, in the formwork position after the fill material has hardened, thus enabling "lateral removal". In other words, this ensures the mobility of the auxiliary formwork element when being inserted or pulled out of the formwork position.

[0062] For this purpose, the auxiliary formwork element particularly preferably has a coating that reduces or prevents the adhesion of filler.

[0063] The direction of movement along which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved relative to the formwork element or its formwork surface into the formwork position must, in principle, only contain the normal vector to this surface, but need not coincide with it. A direction containing the normal vector in this sense is a direction that can be represented by a vector whose component in the direction of the aforementioned surface normal vector is non-zero. The normal vector to the formwork surface is the one of the two possible surface normal vectors to the formwork surface that points in the direction of the formwork space.

[0064] The direction in which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved for "lateral removal" is opposite to the direction of movement, thus corresponds to the opposite direction and refers to the other surface normal vector.

[0065] In other words, this direction of movement, which includes the normal vector, results in the auxiliary formwork element moving at least "obliquely" to the formwork surface. However, the direction of movement is particularly preferred if it corresponds to the direction of the normal vector, so that the auxiliary formwork element moves perpendicular to the formwork surface.

[0066] The filler material is preferably concrete, although other curable materials are not entirely excluded. Resins, for example, which are used in specialized applications, particularly in the construction industry, would be conceivable in this context.

[0067] In a further embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork element has an auxiliary formwork surface which, in the formwork position, adjoins the formwork surface, preferably at right angles to it.

[0068] In other words, the formwork surface and the auxiliary formwork surface together define an edge of the formwork space and thus also an edge of the wall or ceiling section to be produced. If the formwork surface and the auxiliary formwork surface form a right angle to each other, a corresponding formwork space is defined with its first and second sides arranged at right angles to each other, in order, for example, to achieve the preferred cuboid shape of the formwork space by positioning the other elements defining the formwork space. This right-angled alignment of the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element to each other is advantageously achieved by ensuring that the direction of movement of the auxiliary formwork element corresponds to the direction of the normal vector.

[0069] Adjacent means that the auxiliary formwork surface and the formwork surface touch in such a way that a tight boundary of the formwork space is achieved along the aforementioned edge in order to prevent the penetration of filler material between the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element.

[0070] Such intrusion should generally be prevented in order to ensure the mobility of the auxiliary formwork element.

[0071] The penetration of filler material into any gap between the auxiliary formwork element and the formwork element can cause the filler to harden at that point, which would restrict the movement of the auxiliary formwork element or, in the worst case, prevent it entirely. For this reason, the penetration of filler material must be prevented by ensuring that the auxiliary formwork surface is abutting the formwork surface.

[0072] In another embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork element has a connection surface which is designed to be attached to at least one additional formwork element.

[0073] As mentioned at the outset, additional formwork elements, for example made of wood, can be used to further delimit the second side, i.e., the end face, of the formwork space, with the additional formwork element also partially delimiting the second side. By attaching an additional formwork element to the auxiliary formwork element, the thickness of the ceiling or wall to be produced can thus be varied or increased compared to the mere extent of the auxiliary formwork element. To further delimit the second side of the formwork space beyond the auxiliary formwork element or its auxiliary formwork surface, it is therefore advantageous to provide additional elements, such as an additional formwork element, which preferably has an additional formwork surface for at least partially delimiting the second side of the formwork space.Since such an additional formwork element must interact with the auxiliary formwork element to achieve the required formwork space limitation and tightness, the connection surface of the auxiliary formwork element must be designed to fit against the additional formwork element. Furthermore, the additional formwork element may be designed to accommodate the reinforcing bars.

[0074] However, it must be ensured that no or at least as little filler material as possible can escape between the auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element.

[0075] In this sense, it can also be understood that the connection surface of the auxiliary formwork element is designed to be attached to the additional formwork element in order to achieve the most complete possible sealing of the formwork space.

[0076] Preferably, the term "application" is understood to mean at least a partial surface contact between the auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element; it is particularly preferred that the side of the additional formwork element facing the auxiliary formwork element is congruent with the connection surface of the auxiliary formwork element.

[0077] In another embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork surface and the connection surface border each other.

[0078] The adjacentness of the aforementioned surfaces means that both surfaces merge into each other along an edge of the auxiliary formwork element, so that the connecting surface limits the auxiliary formwork surface in the direction of movement.

[0079] In another embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork surface and the connection surface are perpendicular to each other. This allows, on the one hand, a straight, sharp edge of the wall or ceiling to be produced. On the other hand, this enables a particularly simple structural design of the auxiliary formwork element and its connection surface, and consequently also a simple connection of the additional formwork element.

[0080] In another embodiment of the invention, the connection surface and the formwork surface run parallel to each other.

[0081] This design ensures that the connection surface of the auxiliary formwork element and the formwork surface of the formwork element can be brought into a position during the movement of the auxiliary formwork element in which the connection surface and the formwork surface form a common plane.

[0082] This enables the production of a smooth wall or ceiling when the auxiliary formwork element is retracted or pulled in and the connecting surface serves to partially delimit a further formwork space, in particular as explained below.

[0083] In a further embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork element can be moved into a demolding position behind the formwork surface, or at least into a position in which the auxiliary formwork element is arranged flush with the formwork surface.

[0084] "Behind" the formwork surface means that, during the movement along the reverse direction of movement, the auxiliary formwork element can be positioned relative to the formwork surface in the stripping position in such a way that no part of the auxiliary formwork element "protrudes" beyond the formwork surface. In other words, the auxiliary formwork element no longer projects into the formwork space in the stripping position.

[0085] Moving the auxiliary formwork element behind the formwork surface ensures that enough space is created during "lateral removal" to remove the additional formwork element after the filler has hardened.

[0086] As mentioned at the outset, the formwork element advantageously has a receiving space from which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved into the formwork position, in particular extended or pushed out, and / or in which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved from the formwork position in the opposite direction, in particular retracted or pulled in. In this sense, the demolding position corresponds to the starting position from which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved into the formwork position, or to the end position when moving in the opposite direction.

[0087] In the defined flush-fitting position, where the auxiliary formwork element is flush with the formwork surface, the connecting surface preferably closes a recess in the formwork surface, which is caused by the provision of the receiving space in the formwork element. This creates a continuous, preferably flat, formwork surface, especially when the connecting surface and the formwork surface are aligned parallel to each other.

[0088] This continuous, flat formwork surface is particularly useful when constructing very long walls or ceilings that must be built in several sections: When filling the subsequent adjacent formwork section, the formwork element in question, whose auxiliary formwork element previously served to define the second side of the formwork space, now functions as a conventional formwork element. As such, it is advantageous if the entire side of the formwork element facing the formwork section, with the auxiliary formwork element moved into the demolding position, is flat and as smooth as possible. This is precisely what is ensured by the possibility of a flush finish between the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element.In other words, when the connecting surface of the auxiliary formwork element is flush with and parallel to the formwork surface and the auxiliary formwork element is moved into the demolding position, it forms a section of the formwork surface of the adjacent formwork space.

[0089] Furthermore, the arrangement of the auxiliary formwork element results in a particularly advantageous shape in which the formwork element and auxiliary formwork element can be transported in a particularly space-saving manner, since the formwork element according to the invention with movable auxiliary formwork element is essentially plate-shaped in the stripping position. For this reason, the stripping position can also be referred to as the transport position. In this transport position, a large number of formwork elements and the auxiliary formwork elements arranged on them can be stacked and transported.

[0090] In another embodiment of the invention, the formwork surface of the formwork element has a width and a height, and the auxiliary formwork element extends over the entire width or height.

[0091] When the formwork element is used for the formwork of a wall or wall section, it is generally oriented so that its main directions of extension are aligned in the longitudinal and vertical directions. Accordingly, the relevant dimension for the second side of the formwork space is usually the height in this case.

[0092] When the formwork element is used for the formwork of a ceiling or ceiling section, it is generally oriented so that its main directions of extension are aligned in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Accordingly, the relevant dimension for the second side of the formwork space in this case is usually the width.

[0093] The width and height preferably have dimensions up to 15 meters, although smaller or larger dimensions are not excluded.

[0094] The fact that the auxiliary formwork element extends over the entire width or height offers the advantage that the end faces of the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element, i.e. the ends of the aforementioned elements in the direction of width or height, are flush with each other.

[0095] This means that, for example, in the case of a wall or wall section to be constructed, the formwork space can be directly limited from its base upwards by the auxiliary formwork element, without requiring any further elements in the vertical direction in addition to the movable auxiliary formwork element.

[0096] Similarly, in the case of a ceiling or ceiling section to be produced, a tight seal of the auxiliary formwork element can be created with a formwork or auxiliary element that borders the third or fourth side of the formwork space.

[0097] Furthermore, the appropriate design increases flexibility for the application, as several formwork elements with movable auxiliary formwork elements can be arranged side by side in the width direction or one above the other in the height direction, and it is ensured that the corresponding auxiliary formwork elements merge into one another, so that the partial limitation of the second side of the formwork space can be as continuous as possible.

[0098] In another embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork element is designed in the shape of a beam.

[0099] The beam-shaped design of the auxiliary formwork element allows for particularly simple and cost-effective manufacturing, while simultaneously enabling the movement of the auxiliary formwork element in and against the direction of movement to be easily implemented. In particular, this also makes it especially easy to create the geometry of the receiving space for the auxiliary formwork element within the formwork element.

[0100] A beam is understood to be an elongated body with a rectangular cross-section when viewed perpendicular to its longitudinal direction. The beam can also be curved, particularly rounded, in its longitudinal direction, thereby creating a curved formwork surface if the longitudinal direction follows a curved line, such as a circular arc, at least in sections. Such a curved formwork surface is necessary, for example, if the wall or ceiling to be constructed is to have curves or other special shapes.

[0101] Preferably the beam is prismatic, especially preferably cuboid, although other shapes are not excluded.

[0102] Another embodiment of the invention provides that the formwork surface is divided into two areas by the auxiliary formwork element, at least in the formwork position, with the two areas of the formwork surface being intended for the delimitation of different formwork spaces. This division of the formwork surface allows one area of ​​the formwork surface, which in the formwork position is delimited by the auxiliary formwork surface of the auxiliary formwork element, to serve as the delimitation of the "current" formwork space to be filled. The other area is located, in this case, on the side of the auxiliary formwork element opposite the formwork space to be filled.When the auxiliary formwork element is "retracted", i.e., moved into the demolding position after the filling and hardening process, the second area of ​​the formwork surface can be used to limit the further formwork space adjacent to the end face of the previously produced wall.

[0103] This division into two parts makes it possible in particular for the formwork element according to the invention to be used flexibly and to be optimally combined with conventional formwork elements, since both areas of the formwork surface can be used alternately.

[0104] In a further embodiment of the invention, means for moving the auxiliary formwork element, for example a, preferably mechanical, movement unit, from the demolding position to the formwork position and vice versa, are provided, wherein the means are preferably at least one spindle drive.

[0105] The aforementioned means for moving the auxiliary formwork element facilitate and advantageously guide its movement. A spindle drive is particularly suitable for this purpose, although other designs are not excluded. It is also conceivable that the means for moving the auxiliary formwork element could be actuated by a tool, such as a square or hexagonal wrench.

[0106] Preferably, the means are arranged so that they can be operated or actuated from a side of the formwork element facing away from the formwork space. In the case of a spindle drive, this means that the drive of the spindle drive, which can be actuated, for example, by means of a conventional hexagonal socket, is located on the aforementioned side of the formwork element, so that it can be easily operated "from the outside" by the user.

[0107] As an alternative to the spindle drive, for example, the provision of wedges on the end faces of the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element, which can be driven into the gap between the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element, can also be provided as a means of moving the auxiliary formwork element.

[0108] A clamping mechanism, for example with a clamped bolt as a means of moving the auxiliary formwork element, would also be conceivable, whereby the auxiliary formwork element is first moved in the direction of movement by means of the bolts and subsequently fixed in the formwork position by the clamping, is conceivable as a means of moving the auxiliary formwork element.

[0109] Alternatively, hydraulically and / or pneumatically actuated cylinders are also conceivable as means for moving the auxiliary formwork element. According to the invention, a formwork system for delimiting a formwork space, in particular a formwork space that is part of a formwork section, is also provided along at least two sides, comprising a first formwork element as described above, the first formwork surface of which delimits the first side of the formwork space, wherein the first auxiliary formwork element is movable into a formwork position in which its first auxiliary formwork surface partially delimits the second side of the formwork space, and an additional formwork element which also partially delimits the second side of the formwork space.wherein the first connection surface of the first auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position either directly abuts the additional formwork element or indirectly abuts it with the interposition of a first group of reinforcing bars, and wherein the first auxiliary formwork element is movable into a stripping position in which the first connection surface is spaced away from the additional formwork element.

[0110] The formwork system according to the invention is used in particular for the production of ceilings, and can also be used for the production of walls on one of the two longitudinal sides.

[0111] Preferably, the first formwork element and the first auxiliary formwork element are designed as a mechanically connected unit.

[0112] In the case of formwork for a slab, the formwork space is bounded on its first side, which is the base area of ​​the formwork space, and on at least one second side, namely one of the lateral surfaces. The first side of the formwork space is bounded by the first formwork element or its first formwork surface, and the second side is bounded, at least partially, by the first auxiliary formwork element or its auxiliary formwork surface and by the additional formwork element or the additional formwork surface enclosed by this additional formwork element.

[0113] The other lateral surfaces of the formwork space, or, if the formwork space is part of a formwork section, of the formwork section, can be limited, for example, by walls, already completed ceiling sections, by conventional formwork elements, by formwork elements according to the invention, or a selection of different variations of the aforementioned variants.

[0114] The additional formwork surface of the additional formwork element is also referred to as the side of the additional formwork element facing the formwork space.

[0115] The additional formwork element can be made of, for example, wood, plastic or metal, in particular coated steel or aluminum.

[0116] Furthermore, the additional formwork element can also be multi-part, for example, two-part, three-part, or four-part, with different parts being made of the same or different materials. For example, a central part of the additional formwork element, preferably one- or two-part, can be made of metal, in particular aluminum, and two outer parts can be made of wood.

[0117] Because the additional formwork element rests directly or indirectly against the auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position, a tight connection between the auxiliary formwork element and the formwork element is achieved, thus preventing filler material from escaping from the formwork space between the additional formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element.

[0118] The fact that the auxiliary formwork element can be moved from the formwork position to the stripping position, usually in the reverse direction of movement, facilitates the removal of the additional formwork element, or even makes it possible in the first place. This is because the spacing between the connection surface and the surface of the additional formwork element opposite the connection surface provides sufficient clearance between the elements to manipulate the additional formwork element. This involves the previously mentioned "lateral removal" of the auxiliary formwork element to make the additional formwork element accessible.

[0119] In this context, "direct contact" means that the aforementioned elements are in direct contact. This contact may also be partial; for example, there may be areas where one or more other elements contact both the connection surface and the additional formwork element. In particular, as discussed later, grooves may be provided in the additional formwork element to allow the insertion of reinforcing bars, even though the auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element are in direct contact with each other.In cases where no reinforcing bars are to be routed from the formwork space into the adjacent formwork space to be formed and filled in the next step, as may be necessary, for example, for creating expansion joints or end sections, the first connection surface of the auxiliary formwork element can also be in substantial contact with the additional formwork element to minimize, and preferably prevent, the escape of fill material between the auxiliary and additional formwork elements during filling. In other words, the second side of the formwork space, particularly the end face, is preferably bounded as completely as possible by the auxiliary formwork surface of the auxiliary formwork element and an additional formwork surface of the additional formwork element.

[0120] Indirect contact means that at least one further element can be arranged between the indirectly connected elements, which, however, contacts at least one of the connected elements. In particular, these elements are the reinforcing bars of the first group of reinforcing bars themselves; however, another element, especially one or more formwork angles, can also be provided between the reinforcing bars and the connection surface and / or between the reinforcing bars and the additional formwork element. Reinforcing bars are generally made of metal, preferably steel, and serve to increase the strength of the wall or ceiling to be erected as a composite material, especially in the form of the commonly known reinforced concrete.

[0121] Reinforcing bars only achieve their intended effect, however, if they extend over the entire length of the wall or ceiling – especially in the case of a wall or ceiling constructed in sections – and thus the reinforcing bars of one formwork section must be connected to those of the next formwork section, in particular by means of a material connection, preferably by welding.

[0122] However, the requirement for continuous reinforcing bars brings with it the technical problem that these reinforcing bars must also be guided through the elements that define the front face or the second side of the formwork space, since, as mentioned at the beginning, walls and ceilings, or entire buildings, cannot usually be produced all at once using a single formwork but with the help of several formwork sections.

[0123] The embodiment of the invention overcomes a further disadvantage of the prior art, which previously required that the openings in the formwork elements created by the penetrations for the reinforcing bars had to be sealed, for example, with construction foam, to prevent the filler material from escaping the formwork cavity. Before the next formwork section could be filled in the next step, this construction foam had to be removed.

[0124] Since the combination of auxiliary formwork elements and additional formwork elements already prevents the leakage of filler material despite the reinforcing bars being inserted, sealing with construction foam and its adverse consequences is no longer necessary, which results in further time savings.

[0125] Furthermore, the reinforcement for the next

[0126] The formwork section can already be worked on as soon as the

[0127] The auxiliary formwork elements have been moved into the formwork position. Therefore, unlike in the prior art, it is not necessary to wait for the legally required curing time of the filler material before removing the formwork element. Instead, the step of preparing the reinforcement of the adjacent formwork section can begin as soon as the auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element are in the formwork position. Since, as explained earlier, the auxiliary formwork element can be moved into the demolding position during the "lateral removal" process, the additional formwork element, which is adjacent to the auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position, is now accessible in the demolding position and can be removed without having to remove the formwork element first.In this sense, a significant time saving can be achieved under operating conditions, since while the already filled formwork space or formwork section is hardening, the formwork of the adjacent formwork section can already be erected and the reinforcement prepared.

[0128] Reference is also expressly made to the time savings already discussed in detail in connection with the formwork element, due to the now created possibility of removing the formwork from the end face of the formwork space before the end of the statutory curing time, which is of course also achieved by the formwork system.

[0129] In principle, it is also possible to use the formwork system according to the invention for the formwork of a wall if, for example, a further conventional formwork element is provided adjacent to the additional formwork element, defining a third side of the formwork space, in which case the first, second, and third sides of the formwork space form part of the surface area. It is also conceivable that a conventional, stationary auxiliary formwork element is arranged between the additional formwork element and the further conventional formwork element, for example, to allow the reinforcing bars to pass through.In another embodiment of the formwork system, a second formwork element, as described above, is provided opposite the first formwork element, wherein its second formwork surface delimits the formwork space along a third side, and its second auxiliary formwork element is movable into the formwork position in which its second auxiliary formwork surface partially delimits the second side of the formwork space, wherein the second connection surface of the second auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position either directly abuts the auxiliary formwork element or indirectly abuts it with the interposition of a second group of reinforcing bars, and wherein the second auxiliary formwork element is movable into a stripping position in which the second connection surface is spaced away from the auxiliary formwork element.

[0130] Preferably, the first formwork element and the first auxiliary formwork element are designed as a mechanically connected unit and / or the second formwork element and the second auxiliary formwork element are designed as a mechanically connected unit.

[0131] This design is preferably used in the production of walls, employing two formwork elements according to the invention with movable auxiliary formwork elements. In other words, the first formwork surface of the first formwork element defines the first side (first longitudinal side) of the formwork space. The second formwork surface of the second formwork element defines the third side (second longitudinal side) of the formwork space opposite the first side. The end face located between the two longitudinal sides, i.e., the second side, is defined section by section in the formwork position by the first auxiliary formwork element, the additional formwork element, and the second auxiliary formwork element. It is also conceivable that further elements partially defining the second side are interposed.

[0132] It should be noted that the direction of movement of the first

[0133] The auxiliary formwork elements and their direction of movement are oriented in opposite directions due to the opposing first and second formwork surfaces. Accordingly, the auxiliary formwork elements, particularly their connection surfaces, move towards each other when moving, especially from the stripping position to the formwork position, preferably when extending or pulling out, preferably until they directly or indirectly abut the additional formwork element. When moving from the formwork position to the stripping position, preferably when retracting or pulling in, the auxiliary formwork elements, particularly their connection surfaces, move away from each other.

[0134] In connection with the direct and indirect installation of the second connection surface and additional formwork element, reference is made to the preceding explanations regarding the analogous situation of the first connection surface of the first formwork element with movable auxiliary formwork element.

[0135] The advantage of this design variant is that removing the additional formwork element arranged between the formwork elements can be accomplished particularly easily, since both auxiliary formwork elements can be moved into the demolding position during the "lateral removal" process, so that the additional formwork element is accessible from both sides and can be removed particularly easily.

[0136] If the first formwork element has a receiving space for the first auxiliary formwork element and / or the second formwork element has a receiving space for the second auxiliary formwork element, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the first auxiliary formwork element can be moved from the receiving space of the first formwork element into the formwork position, and preferably also in the reverse direction, and / or that the second auxiliary formwork element can be moved from the receiving space of the second formwork element into the formwork position, and preferably also in the reverse direction.

[0137] In another embodiment of the formwork system, the first auxiliary formwork surface of the first auxiliary formwork element, the second auxiliary formwork surface of the second auxiliary formwork element, and the side of the additional formwork element facing the formwork space together completely define the second side of the formwork space.

[0138] If the first and second auxiliary formwork surfaces, together with the side of the additional formwork element facing the formwork space (i.e., the additional formwork surface), completely define the second side of the additional formwork element, no further elements are required to define the formwork space between the two formwork elements. This allows for a particularly simple assembly of the formwork system and reduces the number of handling steps required during use.

[0139] Due to the high shear pressure expected from the filler material, especially in the case of high walls, retaining devices are preferably provided on the side of the filling opening of the formwork element, transversely across or through the formwork space, to dissipate this force. These retaining devices prevent the first and second formwork elements from being forced apart by the pressure of the filler material. Advantageously, two formwork elements according to the invention are therefore also designed with movable auxiliary formwork elements in order to be fixed together by means of retaining devices, or are optionally already provided as a single unit.

[0140] Another embodiment of the invention provides that the formwork system comprises at least three further formwork elements, with two further formwork elements connecting to the first formwork element to continue the first formwork surface, and one further formwork element connecting to the second formwork element to continue the second formwork surface. This configuration of the formwork system describes the preferred operating condition: the first formwork element is located between two further formwork elements, each of which continues the formwork surface, thus the formwork is "closed" on this side. On the opposite side, the formwork element opposite the first formwork element is connected to another formwork element only on one side, namely on the side where the formwork space is bounded.On the side opposite the formwork chamber, the formwork is "open," allowing access to the reinforcing bars and the back of the additional formwork element. On the "closed" side, the formwork can be easily extended by adding further formwork elements while the fill material in the currently formed formwork chamber hardens.

[0141] In another embodiment of the formwork system, the additional formwork element is designed in two parts and a joint strip is preferably arranged between the two parts.

[0142] This design variant allows a joint tape to be positioned in the area between the groups of reinforcing bars, which further improves the properties of the wall or ceiling to be produced.

[0143] Since the joint tape subsequently comes into contact with liquid filler in each of the two adjacent formwork sections into which it protrudes, the penetration of, for example, water into the structure to be produced through the common front face of the two adjacent formwork sections is prevented overall.

[0144] Furthermore, it is ensured that the joint tape runs perfectly straight between the two parts of the additional formwork element if the dividing plane of the additional formwork element runs parallel to the formwork surfaces. As a result, the joint tape runs parallel to the first and second formwork surfaces, and preferably parallel to the connection surfaces.

[0145] Since the joint tape runs between the two parts of a two-part auxiliary formwork element, the joint tape consequently also divides the auxiliary formwork surface into two, preferably equal, parts. In a further embodiment of the formwork system, at least one formwork angle, preferably made of metal, is provided, one leg of which has at least one groove in which the first group of reinforcing bars is received, and the other leg of which is arranged either between the first group of reinforcing bars and the first auxiliary formwork element, or between the first group of reinforcing bars and the auxiliary formwork element, or between the two parts of the auxiliary formwork element.

[0146] The formwork angle has the advantage that it closes, preferably completely closes, the openings created by the reinforcing bars between auxiliary formwork elements and additional formwork elements.

[0147] This prevents filler from escaping the formwork space without having to clean the openings after the filler has hardened, for example, after the construction foam has sealed the openings.

[0148] The cut-off angle itself can be easily removed after the filler has hardened due to the small thickness of its legs.

[0149] Furthermore, by appropriately arranging a large number of grooves at equidistant intervals, it can be achieved that the reinforcing bars have a constant parallel distance to each other, which allows for a particularly uniform mechanical stabilization of the wall or ceiling to be produced.

[0150] A further advantage is that the connection surface and the indirectly adjacent surface of the additional formwork element can both be designed essentially parallel to the formwork surface. This allows, in particular, the additional formwork element to be removed along a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement after the auxiliary formwork elements have been "removed laterally," further minimizing the handling effort during use. Naturally, based on the same considerations, for the previously described formwork system with two formwork elements, each with movable auxiliary formwork elements, and which has two groups of reinforcing bars, at least one setback angle for the second group of reinforcing bars can also be provided analogously.

[0151] In another embodiment of the formwork system, the additional formwork element has at least a first groove in which the first group of reinforcing bars is received, and / or at least a second groove in which the second group of reinforcing bars is arranged.

[0152] This design also ensures that the openings created by the reinforcing bars between the auxiliary formwork elements and the additional formwork element are closed. It is advantageous if the section of the additional formwork element containing the grooves is made of wood.

[0153] A multi-part design of the additional formwork element is particularly advantageous, wherein the edge section having the first grooves and / or a middle section and / or an edge section having the second grooves are designed as separate parts of the additional formwork element.

[0154] As already mentioned in connection with the formwork angles, it is advantageous if the transition surfaces between the parts of the additional formwork element are essentially parallel to the formwork surface or to the formwork surfaces.

[0155] This also prevents the leakage of filler material from the formwork space.

[0156] Furthermore, an equidistant arrangement of the aforementioned grooves offers the advantage of particularly uniform mechanical stabilization of the wall or ceiling to be produced.

[0157] In order to solve at least one of the aforementioned tasks for the production of a wall or ceiling with two layers of reinforcing bars, a method for formwork of a formwork space, in particular a formwork space which is part of a formwork section, is provided according to the invention, comprising the following method steps:

[0158] A) placing a first formwork element with a first formwork surface to delimit a first side of the formwork space ,

[0159] B) placing a first auxiliary formwork element to partially delimit a second side of the formwork space, wherein the placement of the first auxiliary formwork element is carried out starting from the first formwork surface of the first formwork element and along a direction which includes a normal vector to the first formwork surface.

[0160] C) positioning a first group of reinforcing bars in the formwork space, whereby the sequence of process steps B) and C) is interchangeable,

[0161] D) providing an additional formwork element to partially delimit the second side of the formwork space, wherein the first group of reinforcing bars is arranged between the first auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element,

[0162] E) Positioning a second group of reinforcing bars in the formwork space,

[0163] F) Setting up a second auxiliary formwork element to partially delimit the second side of the formwork space, wherein the second group of reinforcing bars is arranged between the auxiliary formwork element and the second auxiliary formwork element, wherein the first and second auxiliary formwork elements as well as the auxiliary formwork element delimit, preferably completely delimit, the second side of the formwork space. Setting up the formwork element means that the first formwork element is brought into its intended position, in which its (first) formwork surface delimits the first side of the formwork space. As a rule, further elements, such as supports, are also required to hold the formwork element firmly and stably in place at the point of use.

[0164] The positioning of the first auxiliary formwork element to partially delimit the second side of the formwork space, i.e., the end face, is carried out in the direction of movement, that is, the direction which includes a normal vector to the first formwork surface. The normal vector to the first formwork surface is the one of the two possible surface normal vectors to the formwork surface that points in the direction of the formwork space. In other words, the first auxiliary formwork element is moved "away from the formwork surface" to bring it into the formwork position.

[0165] If the first formwork element has a receiving space for the first auxiliary formwork element, it is preferably provided that the positioning of the first auxiliary formwork element is carried out by moving the first auxiliary formwork element out of the receiving space of the first formwork element in the aforementioned direction. Preferably, movement in the reverse direction, i.e., movement of the first auxiliary formwork element from the formwork position into the receiving space, preferably into a demolding position, is also possible.

[0166] If the first formwork element and the first auxiliary formwork element form a mechanically connected unit, it is preferably provided that the positioning of the first auxiliary formwork element is carried out by moving it in the aforementioned direction, whereby the first auxiliary formwork element is moved relative to the first formwork surface of the first formwork element. Due to its design as a mechanically connected unit, the first auxiliary formwork element is already aligned when the first formwork element is positioned and moved relative to the formwork element during step B). Preferably, movement in the reverse direction is also possible in order to move the first auxiliary formwork element from the formwork position to a demolding position.

[0167] Particularly preferably, the direction of movement corresponds, as explained in detail in connection with the formwork element according to the invention with movable auxiliary formwork element and the formwork system, to the direction of the normal vector, so that the first auxiliary formwork element is moved normal to the first formwork surface.

[0168] In principle, this movement can also be achieved using conventional or only slightly modified formwork elements and auxiliary formwork elements, for example by wedge solutions. However, according to the invention, a formwork element according to the invention with a movable, in particular retractable or extendable, auxiliary formwork element is used in the process.

[0169] By positioning the first group of reinforcing bars, it is ensured that the first group of reinforcing bars runs essentially parallel to the first and, if applicable, to the third side of the formwork space opposite the first side, and connects to the first auxiliary formwork element.

[0170] Whether the reinforcement, in particular the first reinforcing bars, is positioned first, and then the auxiliary formwork element is placed, or vice versa, depends on the specific sequence in the preparation of the formwork or its reinforcement.

[0171] By placing the additional formwork element, which rests either directly or indirectly against the connection surface of the first auxiliary formwork element, the second side of the formwork space is further limited, and the insertion of the first group of reinforcing bars is made possible. The additional formwork element can also be designed in two or more parts, whereby, in the case of the combination of the additional formwork element with a joint tape, it can be ensured that the joint tape runs at a constant distance to the first and second groups of reinforcing bars, preferably in a central plane of the wall or ceiling to be constructed.

[0172] The step of positioning the second group of reinforcing bars is analogous to the positioning of the first group of reinforcing bars described above.

[0173] By placing the second auxiliary formwork element, which, particularly in the production of a ceiling, may also be a conventional auxiliary formwork element, the front face of the formwork space is further, preferably completely, limited.

[0174] The interaction of the second auxiliary formwork element, preferably its second connection surface, and the additional formwork element, particularly with regard to the implementation of the second group of reinforcing bars, follows the same considerations as previously described in connection with the first auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element.

[0175] When the previously described method is used to manufacture a ceiling, the sequence of the process steps advantageously corresponds to the specified sequence of steps A to F, since the layers are positioned one above the other in the vertical direction.

[0176] However, if the previously described method is used for constructing a wall, the process steps can also be carried out in a different order. For example, it is conceivable that the positioning is partially carried out "from the inside out," meaning that the additional formwork element and the two groups of reinforcing bars are positioned first, and only then are the auxiliary formwork elements and the formwork element(s) positioned. In particular, the movement of the first auxiliary formwork element can also take place even after the first formwork element has already been positioned.

[0177] The preferably complete delimitation of the formwork space by the auxiliary formwork elements and the additional formwork element in process step F stipulates that the delimitation of the front face of the formwork space is essentially achieved by the aforementioned elements.

[0178] In another variant of the procedure, after process step D) the first group of reinforcing bars is fixed using the additional formwork element and / or after process step E) the second group of reinforcing bars is fixed using the additional formwork element.

[0179] To position the first and / or second group of reinforcing bars within the formwork space and to hold them in their intended positions during the filling process, this design variant provides for fixing the reinforcing bars using the additional formwork element. Thus, the additional formwork element primarily serves to guide the reinforcing bars. The reinforcing bars are fixed in place, in particular, by the appropriate design of the surface of the additional formwork element facing the first or second connection surface. Preferably, at least one of the aforementioned surfaces, and preferably both of them, has grooves for fixing the reinforcing bars.

[0180] The reinforcing bars are inserted lengthwise into the grooves and rest against the boundary wall of the grooves. The direction of the grooves, preferably perpendicular to the second side of the formwork space, also determines the position and orientation of the reinforcing bars within the formwork space.

[0181] The reinforcing bars are usually made of conventional structural steel and have an essentially circular cross-section.

[0182] The grooves usually have a square cross-section, which is particularly easy to manufacture, with the side length of this square preferably corresponding to the diameter of the reinforcing bars.

[0183] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross-section of the grooves is U-shaped, with the curvature corresponding to a semicircle whose diameter matches the diameter of the reinforcing bars. In this way, a particularly good seal is achieved to prevent the escape of filler material from the formwork space.

[0184] In a further embodiment of the method, after process step D) the first group of reinforcing bars and / or after process step E) the second group of reinforcing bars are each fixed by means of a formwork angle, wherein with regard to the first group of reinforcing bars one leg of which is arranged either between the first group of reinforcing bars and the first auxiliary formwork element or between the first group of reinforcing bars and the additional formwork element or between two parts of the additional formwork element and with regard to the second group of reinforcing bars one leg of which is arranged between the second group of reinforcing bars and the second auxiliary formwork element or between the second group of reinforcing bars and the additional formwork element or between two parts of the additional formwork element.

[0185] As previously discussed in connection with the formwork system according to the invention, the formwork angle(s) serve as a guide for the reinforcing bars and facilitate the sealing of the formwork space. It goes without saying that the formwork angle for the respective group of reinforcing bars can also be made up of multiple parts.

[0186] This advantageous sealing effect of the formwork angle is achieved primarily by the second, other leg, through which the reinforcing bars are guided and which preferably extends parallel to the second side of the formwork space.

[0187] To enable the formwork angle to secure the reinforcing bars, one leg is provided for fastening the formwork angle relative to the other elements that define the second side. This leg can be arranged in the following three positions: Either the leg of the formwork angle for the first group of reinforcing bars is positioned between the first auxiliary formwork element, in particular its first connection surface, and the first group of reinforcing bars themselves, or between the corresponding side of the additional formwork element, preferably the side facing the first connection surface, and the first group of reinforcing bars themselves. Preferably, the interaction of the elements in the formwork position then holds and / or clamps the leg of the formwork angle between the first auxiliary formwork element, the reinforcing bars, and the additional formwork element.

[0188] Alternatively, in the case of a multi-part additional formwork element, one leg can also be positioned between two parts of the additional formwork element and preferably held and / or clamped between these parts.

[0189] The same applies analogously to the formwork angle for the second group of reinforcing bars and the second auxiliary formwork element or additional formwork element.

[0190] In a preferred embodiment of the formwork angle, the other leg, which is not positioned between auxiliary and additional formwork elements or between one of these elements and the first or second group of reinforcing bars, has grooves by means of which the reinforcing bars are guided and aligned. The grooves are preferably oriented perpendicular to the second side of the formwork space.

[0191] Preferably, the grooves have a square cross-section, the side length of which essentially corresponds to the diameter of the reinforcing bars.

[0192] The grooves in one leg of the cutoff angle have a U-shaped cross-section, which is particularly preferred.

[0193] In another embodiment of the method, before process step F), a second formwork element with a second formwork surface is placed opposite the first formwork element to delimit a third side of the formwork space, and the placement of the second auxiliary formwork element is carried out starting from the second formwork surface of the second formwork element and along a direction which includes a normal vector to the second formwork surface.

[0194] As described at the beginning, it is also fundamentally possible to use the method for the formwork of a formwork space for the production of a wall or a wall section, whereby a third side of the formwork space, for example a conventional formwork element, is to be provided, which borders the third side of the formwork space opposite the first side of the formwork space and preferably abuts the second auxiliary formwork element.

[0195] However, according to the invention, it is provided that for the production of a wall or a wall part, a formwork element according to the invention with a movable auxiliary formwork element is also used for the delimitation of the third side of the formwork space, in order to enable a movement of the auxiliary formwork elements towards each other when bringing them into the formwork position and a movement of the auxiliary formwork elements away from each other when bringing them from the formwork position to the demolding position.

[0196] If the second formwork element has a receiving space for the second auxiliary formwork element and / or if the second formwork element and the second auxiliary formwork element form a mechanically connected unit, reference is made to the preceding explanations in connection with the analogous design of the first formwork element and the first auxiliary formwork element.

[0197] Following the already extensively explained inventive concept, the advantages achieved by the "lateral removal" of the auxiliary formwork element(s) are particularly evident during the stripping or demolding of a formwork space that has already been formed and filled. It is especially preferred that the formwork space is formed according to the inventive method and / or that one or, optionally, two formwork elements according to the invention with movable auxiliary formwork elements have been used for the production of the formwork.

[0198] Accordingly, the invention also relates to a method for stripping the formwork of a formwork space which is formed along a first side with a first formwork element having a first formwork surface and which is formed along a second side with an auxiliary formwork element and partially with an additional formwork element. According to the invention, it is provided that the auxiliary formwork element is stripped in the direction of the first formwork surface, which direction includes a normal vector to the formwork surface. Preferably, the movement of the auxiliary formwork element takes place in the direction of the formwork surface normal to the formwork surface.

[0199] In other words, the proposed method achieves the stripping or exposure of the end face of the manufactured wall or ceiling section without requiring the removal of the lateral formwork elements.

[0200] Moving the auxiliary formwork element away from the additional formwork element towards the formwork surface enables the previously described "lateral removal". Reference is made to the above detailed description of the advantages thus achieved, in particular that the stripped end face of the wall or ceiling section produced in the formwork space, after the removal of the formwork from the end face, functions as the end face of the adjacent formwork section, as well as to the various time savings compared to the prior art.

[0201] It is preferably provided that the additional formwork element, after the movement of the auxiliary formwork element, is removed from the formwork space in a direction containing the height direction, preferably along the height direction, preferably lifted.

[0202] If the third side is formed by a second formwork element with a movable auxiliary formwork element, the auxiliary formwork element contributing accordingly to the formwork of the second side, then both auxiliary formwork elements can be moved away from the auxiliary formwork element to allow the stripping of the end face of the produced wall or ceiling section, so that it can serve as the end face of the adjacent formwork section.

[0203] Calculation example:

[0204] The legally mandated curing times vary, depending on whether it is a ceiling or a wall that is being constructed and what type of wall (load-bearing, non-load-bearing) or ceiling it is, between a few days and a few weeks.

[0205] Since this curing time, denoted by t, must be observed for each formwork section using conventional formwork elements, formwork systems, or methods for enclosing a formwork space, the use of the formwork element, formwork system, or method for enclosing a formwork space according to the invention results in a time saving of up to (n-l) * t for a structure with n construction sections, provided that all formwork sections are produced sequentially. The expression (n-l) arises from the fact that a curing time, namely that for the last filled formwork section, must be observed before the formwork can be removed.

[0206] For the specific example of a ceiling that is to be produced in five sections and for which a statutory curing time of 21 days per section applies, the theoretically maximum time saving when using a formwork element, formwork system or method according to the invention compared to the use of conventional formwork elements is therefore up to (5-1) *21 = 84 days.

[0207] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0208] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. The drawings are exemplary and are intended to illustrate the inventive concept, but in no way to restrict or even exhaustively represent it.

[0209] This shows:

[0210] Fig. 1 shows a formwork section for a wall adjoining an existing wall according to the prior art;

[0211] Fig. 2 shows a formwork section for a wall produced in several sections according to the prior art;

[0212] Fig. 3 shows a formwork section for a ceiling according to the prior art;

[0213] Fig. 4a shows a schematic diagram of the formwork section for a wall,

[0214] Fig. 4b a schematic diagram of the formwork section for a ceiling;

[0215] Fig. 5 a formwork system with formwork space and a

[0216] Formwork element; Fig. 6 a formwork system with formwork space and two formwork elements;

[0217] Fig. 7 Formwork element and auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position;

[0218] Fig. 8 Formwork element and auxiliary formwork element in the demolding position;

[0219] Fig. 9 shows a three-dimensional representation of the formwork element and auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position;

[0220] Fig. 10 shows a three-dimensional representation of the formwork element and auxiliary formwork element in the demolding position;

[0221] Fig. 11 shows the sectional view I according to Figure 9;

[0222] Fig. 12 a formwork system in the formwork position comprising a formwork angle;

[0223] Fig. 13a the sectional view I ala according to figure 12;

[0224] Fig. 13b shows the sectional view I lb according to Figure 12;

[0225] Fig. 14 shows a process intermediate product of the process for formwork a formwork space after the placement of the first formwork elements;

[0226] Fig. 15 shows a process intermediate product after the placement of a first auxiliary formwork element;

[0227] Fig. 16 shows a process intermediate product after positioning a first group of reinforcing bars;

[0228] Fig. 17 shows a process intermediate product after the placement of an additional formwork element and a joint tape;

[0229] Fig. 18 shows a process intermediate product after positioning a second group of reinforcing bars; Fig. 19 shows the process product after placing a second formwork element and a second auxiliary formwork element;

[0230] Fig. 20 shows a formwork space filled with filler material;

[0231] Fig. 21 a process intermediate product in the process for demolding a formwork space after returning the auxiliary formwork elements to the demolding position;

[0232] Fig. 22 shows the finished end face of a wall, with the additional formwork elements already removed;

[0233] Fig. 23 shows the repetition of the process steps shown in Figures 14 to 19 for a further peeling section;

[0234] Fig. 24 the further formwork section filled with filler;

[0235] Fig. 25 shows the finished end face of a wall extended by means of the further formwork section.

[0236] WAYS TO IMPLEMENT THE INVENTION

[0237] Figures 1 and 2 show a formwork section for constructing a wall by filling the formwork section with a filler material according to the prior art on a base plate 28. Opposite the base plate 28 is the open side of the formwork section, which is also called the filling opening. The depicted formwork section comprises a formwork chamber 3, which forms the end section, and, by way of example, a further formwork volume 26.

[0238] The base plate 28 can, for example, either be a foundation of a building to be constructed, also cast from fill material, or a ceiling of a floor below this building.

[0239] In Fig. 1, one end side of the formwork section is bounded by an existing wall 30 that is already positioned transversely.

[0240] In Fig. 2, the end side of the formwork section is bounded by an end face of an existing wall part 30, which was usually produced in a previous section by means of an adjacent formwork section.

[0241] Three conventional formwork elements 29 define three sides of the surface of the formwork chamber 3, with the base plate 28 defining the formwork chamber 3 downwards, i.e., on the side opposite the filling opening. The end face of the formwork section opposite the end face corresponds to the end face, also called the narrow side, of the formwork chamber 3.

[0242] The end section of the formwork section, which is immediately adjacent to the front face and is bounded in the longitudinal direction by the two conventional formwork elements 29 that laterally define the formwork space 3, thus forms, in other words, the formwork space 3.

[0243] The filling opening is essentially used to fill the formwork section with liquid filler.

[0244] In the formwork section, a large number of reinforcing bars 17 are arranged, which, after filling, together with the hardened filling material, form a composite material, preferably in the form of reinforced concrete.

[0245] As a rule, the reinforcing bars 17, as shown, also protrude through the conventional formwork element 29 which limits the front face of the formwork space 3, in order to be connected to further reinforcing bars 17 in a subsequent formwork section.

[0246] Reinforcing bars 17 are standard products in the construction industry and, according to the relevant industry standards, have an essentially circular cross-section. A single

[0247] Reinforcing bar 17 is therefore essentially a cylinder.

[0248] Essentially circular in this context means that the cylindrical surface of the reinforcing bar 17 is not smooth, but grooved, for improved adhesion to the concrete. This results in slight deviations from a perfect circle in the cross-section of the reinforcing bar.

[0249] Figure 3 shows a formwork section for the production of a ceiling according to the state of the art.

[0250] The formwork section shown corresponds to the formwork space 3, since in a longitudinal direction x and a width direction y (see Fig. 4a and 4b) only one further formwork element 29 is provided in each direction, bounding the surface of the formwork space 3.

[0251] The conventional formwork elements 29 for limiting the formwork section for the production of a ceiling are, apart from other specific dimensions of the conventional formwork elements 29, the same as those for the production of a wall.

[0252] In the formwork section for the production of a ceiling, a conventional formwork element 29 also replaces a base plate 28.

[0253] In the case shown, the front face of the formwork space 3, as well as the end face of the formwork space 3, is bounded by a further formwork element 29.

[0254] Figures 4a and 4b schematically illustrate the terms formwork section and formwork space 3 for a formwork section for the production of a wall (Figure 4a) or a ceiling (Figure 4b).

[0255] The formwork section consists, for example, of a formwork chamber 3 and at least one further formwork chamber 26. The formwork section, and thus also the formwork chamber 3, extends in three spatial directions: a longitudinal direction X, a lateral direction Y, and a vertical direction Z.

[0256] The formwork chamber 3 in Figure 4a is shown as an example of a formwork chamber that is part of a formwork section for the production of a wall or a wall section. The formwork chamber 3 has five defined sides: namely a base and a lateral surface, which lateral surface is formed by four sides.

[0257] A first side 4 and a third side 15 opposite the first side 4 each form a longitudinal side of the formwork space, which extends essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction x and the vertical direction z, which represent the main extension directions of the wall. The thickness of the wall is measured in the lateral direction y.

[0258] The underside of the formwork space 3 opposite the filling opening is formed by the base surface, which extends essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction x and the lateral direction y.

[0259] The second side 5 of the formwork space 3, located between the first side 4 and the third side 15, is also referred to as the end face and forms a narrow side of the formwork section. The second side extends essentially parallel to the width direction y and the height direction z.

[0260] A fourth side 25 of the formwork space 3, opposite the second side 5 of the formwork space 3, is only indicated for the sake of completeness, since the formwork space 3 transitions directly into the further formwork volume 26 at the fourth side 25.

[0261] The formwork chamber 3 in Figure 4a is shown as an example of a formwork chamber that is part of a formwork section for the production of a ceiling or a ceiling section. The formwork chamber 3 also has five defined sides, the position and orientation of which, however, differ from the arrangement described previously:

[0262] In the present case, the first side 4 now corresponds to the base area of ​​the formwork space 3, while the second side 5 continues to form the front face of the lateral surface, which extends parallel to the width direction y and height direction z.

[0263] This is because the longitudinal direction x and the transverse direction y form the main extension directions of a ceiling or a ceiling part, and the thickness of the ceiling is measured in the vertical direction z.

[0264] As in Fig. 4a, the fourth side 25 of the formwork space 3, opposite the second side 5 of the formwork space 3, is only indicated again for the sake of completeness.

[0265] The two remaining sides of the lateral surface of the formwork space 3 extend parallel to the longitudinal direction x and the vertical direction z.

[0266] Formwork elements and formwork systems for the production of walls and ceilings

[0267] Figure 5 shows a formwork system comprising a formwork element 1, which formwork system is arranged in the end section of a formwork section and is in a formwork position.

[0268] In this case, a formwork surface 2a of the formwork element 1 limits the first side 4 (longitudinal side) of the formwork space 3 .

[0269] Figure 5 also shows a normal vector N, which coincides with the surface normal vector of the formwork surface 2, pointing in the direction of the formwork space 3.

[0270] The formwork element 1 has a movable auxiliary formwork element 6, which, in the formwork position, partially delimits the second side 5 of the formwork space 3. More precisely, the auxiliary formwork element 6 has an auxiliary formwork surface 7, which partially delimits the second side 5 of the formwork space 3.

[0271] On the fourth side 25 opposite the second side 5, the formwork space 3 is open, the position of the fourth side 25 being determined by the length of the formwork element 1.

[0272] The auxiliary formwork element 6, which is movably connected to the formwork element 1, is designed to be movable in a direction containing the normal vector N; in the exemplary embodiment, the auxiliary formwork element 6 is movable in the direction of the normal vector N, as well as in the opposite direction.

[0273] In other words, in the present embodiment, the auxiliary element 6 can be pushed out or extended from a receiving space of the formwork element 1.

[0274] In the illustrated embodiment, the auxiliary formwork element 6 can be brought into the formwork position shown in Figure 5, preferably fixed, from a side of the formwork element 1 facing away from the formwork space 3 by actuating a means 12 for moving the auxiliary formwork element 6, for example a mechanical movement unit.

[0275] Also shown is an additional formwork element 13 adjoining the auxiliary formwork element 6, which with its side facing the formwork space 3, also referred to as additional formwork surface 14, also partially limits the second side 5 of the formwork space 3.

[0276] A formwork system as shown in Figure 5 comprising formwork element 1, auxiliary formwork element 6a and additional formwork element 13 can be used, with appropriate adaptation, to produce a wall or a ceiling, the arrangement shown being typical for a ceiling.

[0277] Figure 6 shows a formwork system for constructing a wall. To accomplish this, the formwork system comprises two formwork elements 2 with movable auxiliary formwork elements 6, where the first formwork element 1a and the first auxiliary formwork element 6a correspond to the elements described previously. The second formwork element 1b, with its second formwork surface 2b, delimits the third side 15 of the formwork space 3, while its movable second auxiliary formwork element 6b also partially delimits the second side 5 of the formwork space 3.

[0278] The second auxiliary formwork element 6b can also be arranged, preferably fixed, in the formwork position shown by means for moving the auxiliary formwork element 12.

[0279] Figure 7 illustrates the formwork position of the formwork element 1 for constructing a wall or ceiling. Shown are, in addition to the formwork element 1 and the auxiliary formwork element 6, as well as the normal vector N, the formwork space 3, and the means for moving the auxiliary formwork element 12 into position, preferably for moving the auxiliary formwork element 6 into the formwork position, also two further formwork elements 9 and means 24 for connecting further formwork elements 9 to the formwork element 1.

[0280] The additional formwork elements 9 extend the formwork section and define a further receiving volume 26. For this purpose, the additional formwork elements 9 are connected to the formwork element 1 via the means 24.

[0281] The means 24 for connecting further formwork elements 9 ensure that the further formwork elements 9 are sufficiently tightly fitted together or that the further formwork element 9 is fitted to the formwork element 1, so that no filler material can escape from the formwork space 3.

[0282] Figure 8 also shows the formwork system according to Figure 7, but in a demolding position in which the auxiliary formwork element 6 is retracted behind the formwork surface 2. In this figure, the filler material in the formwork section encompassing the formwork space 3 and the further formwork volume 26 has already hardened and thus forms a finished wall or ceiling section 31.

[0283] To illustrate that the auxiliary formwork element 6 can be arranged at any position on the formwork element 1, it is shown arranged at different locations in Figures 7 and 8.

[0284] After the filler has hardened, the shape of the wall or ceiling part 31 no longer changes in this area, even if the auxiliary formwork element 6 is arranged in the demolding position, preferably fixed.

[0285] Thus, an end face of the wall or ceiling section can serve as the end face of the adjacent formwork section.

[0286] Figure 9 shows a three-dimensional representation of the formwork system according to Figure 7 with the auxiliary formwork element 6 in the formwork position in which the auxiliary formwork element is extended or pushed out.

[0287] Also shown are the height 11 and the width 10 of the formwork element 1 .

[0288] Figure 9 also shows that the auxiliary formwork element 6 extends along the entire width 11 of the formwork element 1 and that the auxiliary formwork element 6 is essentially beam-shaped.

[0289] Also shown in Figure 9 is a section plane I, which is explained in Figure 11.

[0290] Figure 10 shows the formwork system according to Figure 8 in a three-dimensional representation, however, unlike Figure 9, with the auxiliary formwork element 6 in the demolding position, in which the auxiliary formwork element 6 is retracted or pulled in.

[0291] Figure 11 shows the previously mentioned section I. In addition to the elements already described in Figure 9, a connection surface 8 is also shown, which serves for attaching the additional formwork element 13 (see Figure 5 or 6). In the present embodiment, formwork surface 2 and auxiliary formwork surface 7 are perpendicular to each other, as are auxiliary formwork surface 7 and connection surface 8.

[0292] Regarding the area where the auxiliary formwork element 6 and the formwork element 1 adjoin each other, Figure 11 illustrates that no filler material from the formwork space 3 between formwork element 1 and auxiliary formwork element 6 can penetrate into the cavity between auxiliary formwork element 6 and formwork element 1.

[0293] Furthermore, by connecting the auxiliary formwork element 6 to the formwork element 1, it is achieved that the section of the wall or ceiling to be produced has a sharp edge in the area where the formwork surface 2 and the auxiliary formwork surface 7 meet, which in the illustrated embodiment is formed at right angles.

[0294] Figures 9 to 11 also show that the direction of movement of the movable auxiliary formwork element 6 is aligned normal to the formwork surface 2.

[0295] Figure 12 shows an embodiment of a formwork system for producing a wall based on the embodiment described in Fig. 5, wherein the additional formwork element 13 is designed in two parts. A joint strip 16 is arranged between the two parts of the additional formwork element 13, preferably clamped in place.

[0296] Also shown is a first group of reinforcing bars 22 and a second group of reinforcing bars 23, although due to the top view shown, only one reinforcing bar 17 of each group is visible.

[0297] Furthermore, additional reinforcing bars 27 are shown, which in the illustrated embodiment are arranged perpendicular to the reinforcing bars 17 of the first group of reinforcing bars 22 or to the reinforcing bars 17 of the second group of reinforcing bars 23, and are preferably connected to them by means of binding wire or a weld. This forms a continuous reinforcement grid.

[0298] Also shown is a cut-off angle 18, comprising one leg 19 and another leg 20.

[0299] The formwork angle 18, in particular its other leg 20, is arranged between the second group of reinforcing bars 23 and the second connection surface 8b of the second auxiliary formwork element 6b and the additional formwork element 13, preferably clamped.

[0300] The individual reinforcing bars 17 of the second group of reinforcing bars 23 penetrate one leg 19 of the formwork angle 18 in the area of ​​grooves 21 provided in one leg 19 (see Fig. 13a, b).

[0301] The first group of reinforcing bars 22 is arranged between a first connection surface 8a of the first auxiliary formwork element 6a and the additional formwork element 13, preferably clamped and penetrating the additional formwork element 13 in the area of ​​first grooves 21a (see Fig. 13a, 13b).

[0302] Furthermore, Figure 12 shows two cutting planes I ala and I lb, which are explained below in Figures 13a and 13b.

[0303] Figures 13a and 13b show the cutting planes I ala and I lb, which are to be understood as schematic sketches and therefore do not exactly represent the size ratios of Figure 12.

[0304] In particular, on the left side of the two figures showing the section through the portion of the formwork system comprising the second formwork element 1b, the grooves 21 in one leg 19 of the formwork angle 18 and the arrangement of the reinforcing bars 17, or the arrangement of the second group of reinforcing bars 23, or the first grooves 21a in the additional formwork element 13 and the arrangement of the reinforcing bars 17, or the arrangement of the first group of reinforcing bars 22, can be seen. One leg 19 of the formwork angle 18 has a plurality of grooves 21. A reinforcing bar 17 is arranged in each of these grooves, and these reinforcing bars 17 together form the second group of reinforcing bars 23.

[0305] The dimensions of the grooves are designed such that the width of the grooves 21 corresponds to the diameter of the respective reinforcing bar 17.

[0306] Although the arrangement of the reinforcing bars 17, which have a substantially circular cross-section, creates small free areas in the rectangular cross-section grooves 21 and in the square cross-section first grooves 21a, which represent small openings in the formwork space 3, the viscosity of the liquid filler material and the presence of aggregates such as chippings or gravel in the filler material prevent any or only negligible amounts of filler material from escaping the formwork space 3.

[0307] The small free areas can be addressed in another embodiment (not shown) by designing the grooves 21 or the first grooves 21a with a U-shaped cross-section.

[0308] A second variant for the installation of the reinforcing bars 17, in which no formwork angle 18 is provided, is shown on the right side of the figures, which show the section through the portion of the formwork system encompassing the first formwork element 1a. In this case, in the illustrated embodiment, the first grooves 21 are arranged in the additional formwork element 13. Advantageously, the section of the additional formwork element 13 with the grooves forms a separate part of the additional formwork element 13, which further simplifies stripping.

[0309] Method for formwork of a formwork space for the production of a wall

[0310] Figures 14 to 19 show the steps of a method for enclosing a formwork space 3. The steps of the method are preferably sequential and each presupposes that the preceding method step has already been completed. Figures 14 to 19 show a specific embodiment of such a method in this sense, although it is not excluded that individual method steps can also be interchanged without abandoning the inventive concept.

[0311] Figure 14 shows the process stage after the placement of the first formwork element 1a, but before the placement of the first auxiliary formwork element 6a, which is still in the demolding or transport position, as well as two further formwork elements 9, which are connected to the first formwork element 1a by means 24 for connecting further formwork elements 9.

[0312] The formwork elements la, 9 are positioned by placing one formwork element la, 9 in the intended position of the formwork section. The next formwork element la, 9 is then positioned, and the adjacent formwork elements la, 9 are connected by means 24 for connecting formwork elements 9 before the next formwork element la, 9 is positioned.

[0313] The formwork system is in the demolding position when the formwork elements aa, 9 are placed.

[0314] Figure 15 shows the process stage after the first auxiliary formwork element 6a has been moved from the transport position to the formwork position, i.e., when the first auxiliary formwork element 6 is in place. In the present embodiment of the method, the auxiliary formwork element is moved by means 12 for moving the auxiliary formwork element 6, which are preferably designed as a spindle drive. Advantageously, the auxiliary formwork element is also fixed in the formwork position by means 12 for moving.

[0315] To move from the stage shown in Figure 14 to that shown in Figure 15, the first auxiliary formwork element 6a is moved into the formwork position by the means for moving the auxiliary formwork element 12. This is done, for example, by moving the auxiliary formwork element 6a.

[0316] Figure 16 shows the process stage after positioning the first group 22 of reinforcing bars 17 on the first auxiliary formwork element 6a, wherein the reinforcing bars 17 are in contact with the connection surface 8a of the first auxiliary formwork element 6a.

[0317] In order to get from the stage of Figure 15 to that of Figure 16, the reinforcing bars 17 of the first group 22 are arranged one after the other or simultaneously on the first auxiliary formwork element 6a and connected to each other in any way, for example by binding wire or by welding to the correspondingly vertically arranged further reinforcing bars 27, so that the first group 22 of reinforcing bars 17 is formed.

[0318] Figure 17 shows the process stage after the arrangement of the two-part additional formwork element 13 .

[0319] Additionally, a joint strip 16 is arranged between the two parts of the additional formwork element 13.

[0320] To progress from the stage shown in Figure 16 to that shown in Figure 17, the first part of the additional formwork element 13 is first positioned or attached to the first group of reinforcing bars 22. Then the joint tape 16 is arranged on the first part of the additional formwork element 13 and attached to the second part of the additional formwork element 13.

[0321] It is advantageous if the previously described cutoff angles 19 are also used.

[0322] Figure 18 shows the process stage after the arrangement of the second group 23 of reinforcing bars 17 on the additional formwork element 13 .

[0323] In order to move from the stage of Figure 17 to that of Figure 18, the reinforcing bars 17 of the second group of reinforcing bars 23 are attached to the second part of the additional formwork element 13 in an analogous manner to the first group of reinforcing bars 22.

[0324] Figure 18 shows the process stage after the placement of the second formwork element 1b and further formwork elements 9.

[0325] The second auxiliary formwork element 6b is already moved into the formwork position in the process stage shown and preferably fixed in this position, in particular by the associated means 12 for moving it, as discussed above.

[0326] Furthermore, the second auxiliary formwork element 6b with its second connection surface 8b is already attached to the second group 23 of reinforcing bars 17.

[0327] As in the previous figures, due to the top view of the formwork system shown, only one reinforcing bar 17 of the second group of reinforcing bars 23 is visible.

[0328] In the process stage shown in Figure 19, the formwork space 3 is now completely closed or limited by formwork elements 1a, 1b, auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b and the additional formwork element 13, such that the filler material, preferably concrete, which is filled into the formwork section in the next process step, can no longer escape from the formwork section, or can no longer do so to a significant extent.

[0329] To move from the stage shown in Figure 18 to that shown in Figure 19, the second formwork elements 1b, 9 are positioned in the same manner as the first formwork elements 1a, 9. Subsequently, the second auxiliary formwork element 6b is moved into the formwork position in the same manner as the first auxiliary formwork element 6a, where its connecting surface 8b contacts the second group of reinforcing bars 23. To completely close the second side 4, i.e., the end face, of the formwork space 3, the means 12 for moving the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b of the first and second formwork elements 6a, 6b are tightened further to stabilize and seal the formwork system.

[0330] Figure 20 shows the process stage after filling the formwork section containing the formwork space 3 with filler material, preferably concrete.

[0331] In this process, the additional reinforcing bars 27 protrude from the filler material after it has been filled, in order to subsequently form, for example, edge reinforcement for a ceiling to be constructed on the finished wall.

[0332] Process steps which are subordinate to the process for forming a formwork section - process for stripping the formwork

[0333] Figure 21 shows the process stage after the first process step for demolding a formwork space 3 .

[0334] In this process step, the first and second auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b are moved into the demolding position and preferably fixed in this position. This facilitates, or even makes possible, the removal of the additional formwork element 13 in the next process step.

[0335] It should be noted at this point that the removal of the additional formwork element 13 does not require any movement of the first or second formwork element 1a, 1b, since the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b are "removed laterally", i.e., retracted or pushed in.

[0336] The retraction of the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b and the removal of the additional formwork element 13 do not impede compliance with the legally prescribed curing time of the filler, because the first and second formwork elements 1a, 1b are not moved. In fact, the end face of the manufactured wall or ceiling section 31 can be exposed as described above after the technical curing time has elapsed. To move from the stage shown in Figure 20 to that shown in Figure 21, the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b are retracted back into the formwork removal position using the means 12 for moving the auxiliary formwork element 6a, 6b. Since the filler has now cured, it can no longer escape from the formwork section or the formwork space 3.

[0337] Figure 22 shows the process stage after the removal of the additional formwork element 13, which is designed in two parts.

[0338] The joint tape 16 remains in the formwork section or partially remains in the formwork space 3 and seals the wall to be produced in the area of ​​a transition joint created between the two formwork sections, for example against the penetration of water.

[0339] Process sections which are subordinate to the formwork removal process - repetition of the formwork formwork section or formwork space 3 for the production of the next section of a wall.

[0340] Once the filler in the formwork section that has just been filled has hardened, the preceding process steps can be repeated for the adjacent formwork section. It is particularly important to emphasize that the formwork elements 1a, 1b, and 9 of the formwork section filled in the preceding process steps do not need to be moved in any way, so that the legally required curing time, during which the formwork elements must not be moved, is not undercut, even though work can already continue on the next formwork section with the following steps.

[0341] It should also be mentioned that the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b are not located at the edge of the formwork elements 1a, 1b, but rather in the center, so that the respective formwork surfaces 2a, 2b of the formwork elements 1a, 1b can also be used to partially delimit the adjacent formwork section. Figure 23 shows the process stage after the erection of the next formwork section or a next formwork chamber 3.

[0342] The erection of the formwork for the next formwork chamber 3 already corresponds to the process stage shown in Figure 18, wherein the further formwork elements 9 are directly connected to the formwork elements 1a, 1b with the retracted movable auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b. The end face of the formwork chamber 3 of the adjacent formwork section, which has not yet been filled, is again partially bounded by extended auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b, analogous to the section described above.

[0343] The next formwork section is therefore already ready for filling with filler material at this stage of the process, in the sense that no more filler material can escape from it, since the end side is formed by the end face of the previously produced wall section 31.

[0344] The design is also clearly recognizable, according to which the first and second auxiliary formwork elements 6a and 6b respectively are flush with the first and second formwork surfaces 7a and 7b respectively. This enables the production of a smooth wall even in the area of ​​the formwork element according to the invention.

[0345] Figure 24 shows the process stage after filling the next process section with filler, which corresponds to the situation in Figure 22.

[0346] Also shown is the joint between the formwork section filled with filler material and the existing wall or ceiling section 31, which is interrupted by the joint tape 16.

[0347] In this way, the joint tape prevents water, for example, from penetrating the wall.

[0348] Figure 25 shows the process stage after stripping, with the additional formwork element 13 removed. Although in the illustrated embodiments the reinforcing bars 17 of the first group of reinforcing bars 22 and the second group of reinforcing bars 23 are routed between the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b and the additional formwork element 13, the formwork system according to the invention can also be used advantageously if the reinforcing bars 17 do not connect the two adjacent formwork sections, as is necessary, for example, for creating an expansion joint. In this application, the reinforcing bars 17 of the first and second groups of reinforcing bars 22, 23 terminate in the formwork space 3, and the connection surfaces 8a, 8b of the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b abut the corresponding surface of the additional formwork element 13.The auxiliary formwork surfaces 7a, 7b and the additional formwork surface 14 of the additional formwork element 13 form a surface that is as continuous as possible to limit the second side 5 of the formwork space 3, i.e. its front face.

[0349] Furthermore, it should be noted that in addition to the embodiment shown in the exemplary embodiments, in which the formwork element 1 has a receiving space and the auxiliary formwork element 6 is integrated into the formwork element 1 to form a mechanically connected unit, alternative embodiments are also conceivable in which the auxiliary formwork element 6, preferably together with the means 12 for moving the auxiliary formwork element 6 or the corresponding movement device, is integrated into an additional module. Such an additional module can, together with one or two formwork elements 1, which may optionally even be designed as conventional formwork elements, form a mechanically connected unit that enables the operating principle according to the invention. The mechanical fastening of the additional module to the formwork element 1 or the two formwork elements 1 can, for example, be effected by means of detachable screw connections.Differences from the process for manufacturing a ceiling.

[0350] The method for producing a ceiling differs only in that the placement of a second formwork element 1b and the placement of further formwork elements adjacent to it can be dispensed with.

[0351] The liquid level of the liquid filler then forms as a result of gravity at a level that borders the second auxiliary formwork surface 7b in the area of ​​the second auxiliary formwork element 6b.

[0352] This liquid level forms after hardening and

[0353] The formwork removal then means that surface of the ceiling to be produced which limits the building to be produced as a whole or can serve as a base slab 28 for the next floor, on which a formwork section can again be placed to produce a wall of this next floor.

[0354] REFERENCE MARK LIST

[0355] 1 Formwork element aa First formwork element

[0356] 1b Second formwork element

[0357] 2 Formwork area

[0358] 2a first formwork surface

[0359] 2b second formwork surface

[0360] 3 Formwork room

[0361] 4 First side of the formwork room

[0362] 5 Second side of the formwork space

[0363] 6 auxiliary formwork elements

[0364] 6a first auxiliary formwork element

[0365] 6b second auxiliary formwork element

[0366] 7 Auxiliary formwork area

[0367] 7a first auxiliary formwork surface

[0368] 7b second auxiliary formwork surface

[0369] 8 Connection area

[0370] 8a first connection surface

[0371] 8b second connection surface

[0372] 9 additional formwork elements

[0373] 10 width

[0374] 11 Height

[0375] 12 Means for moving the auxiliary formwork element

[0376] 13 Additional formwork element

[0377] 14 Additional formwork area

[0378] 15 Third side of the formwork space

[0379] 16 Joint tape

[0380] 17 Reinforcing bars

[0381] 18 Cutoff angle 19 One leg of the cutoff angle

[0382] 20 Other leg of the cutoff angle

[0383] 21 Nut

[0384] 21a first groove

[0385] 21b second groove

[0386] 22 First group of reinforcing bars

[0387] 23 Second group of reinforcing bars

[0388] 24 Means for connecting additional formwork elements

[0389] 25 Fourth side of the formwork room

[0390] 26 additional formwork volume

[0391] 27 more reinforcing bars

[0392] 28 Base plate

[0393] 29 Conventional formwork element

[0394] 30 existing wall

[0395] 31 Wall or ceiling section

[0396] N Normal vector

[0397] X First spatial direction

[0398] Y Second spatial direction

[0399] Third spatial direction

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Formwork element (1) with a formwork surface (2) for delimiting a formwork space (3) along a first side (4) , characterized in that an auxiliary formwork element (6) is provided which is arranged on the formwork element (1) in a direction containing a normal vector (N) to the formwork surface (2), preferably in a direction normal to the formwork surface (2) , in order to enable a partial delimitation of the formwork space (3) along a second side (5).

2. Formwork element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the formwork element (1) has a receiving space for the auxiliary formwork element (6), wherein the auxiliary formwork element (6) can be moved from the receiving space into the formwork position.

3. Formwork element (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the auxiliary formwork element (6) can be moved in the opposite direction from the formwork position into the receiving space of the formwork element (1).

4. Formwork element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the formwork element (1) and the auxiliary formwork element (6) form a mechanically connected unit.

5. Formwork element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the auxiliary formwork element (6) has an auxiliary formwork surface (7) which in the formwork position adjoins the formwork surface (2), preferably perpendicular to it.

6. Formwork element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the auxiliary formwork element (6) has a connection surface (8) which is designed to be attached to at least one additional formwork element (13).

7. Formwork element (1) according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the auxiliary formwork surface (7) and the connection surface (8) are adjacent to each other.

8. Formwork element (1) according to claim 5 and 6 or according to claim 7, characterized in that the auxiliary formwork surface (7) and the connecting surface (8) are perpendicular to each other.

9. Formwork element (1) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the connection surface (8) and the formwork surface (2) run parallel to each other.

10. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the auxiliary formwork element (6) is movable into a demolding position behind the formwork surface (2), or at least into a position in which the The auxiliary formwork element (6) is arranged flush with the formwork surface (2).

11. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork surface (2) of the formwork element (1) has a width (10) and a height (11) and the auxiliary formwork element (6) extends over the entire width (10) or height (11) extends.

12. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the auxiliary formwork element (6) is beam-shaped.

13. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork surface (2) is divided into two areas by the auxiliary formwork element (6) at least in the formwork position, wherein the two areas of the formwork surface (2) are provided for the delimitation of different formwork spaces (3).

14. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means (12) for Moving the auxiliary formwork element (6) from the demolding position to the formwork position and vice versa are provided, wherein the means (12) are preferably at least one spindle drive.

15. Formwork system for delimiting a formwork space (3) along at least two sides (4, 5) , characterized by, - a first formwork element (1a) according to one of claims 1 to 14, the first formwork surface (2a) of which limits the first side (4) of the formwork space (3), wherein the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) of which is movable into a formwork position in which the first auxiliary formwork surface (7a) partially limits the second side (5) of the formwork space (3) and - an additional formwork element (13) which also partially limits the second side (5) of the formwork space (3), wherein the first connection surface (8a) of the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) in the formwork position either directly abuts the additional formwork element (13) or indirectly abuts it with the interposition of a first group of reinforcing bars (22), and wherein the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) is movable into a stripping position in which the first connection surface (8a) is spaced away from the additional formwork element (13).

16. Formwork system according to claim 15, characterized in that a second formwork element (1b) according to one of claims 1 to 14 is provided opposite the first formwork element (1a), - wherein its second formwork surface (2b) limits the formwork space (3) along a third side (15) and its second auxiliary formwork element (6b) is movable into the formwork position in which its The second auxiliary formwork surface (7b) partially limits the second side (5) of the formwork space (3), wherein the second connection surface (8b) of the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) in the formwork position either directly abuts the additional formwork element (13) or indirectly abuts it with the interposition of a second group of reinforcing bars (23), and wherein the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) is movable into a stripping position in which the second connection surface (8b) is spaced away from the additional formwork element (13).

17. Formwork system according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the first formwork element (1a) has a receiving space for the first auxiliary formwork element (6a), wherein the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) is movable from the receiving space of the first formwork element (1a) into the formwork position and / or that the second formwork element (1b) has a receiving space for the second auxiliary formwork element (6b), wherein the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) is movable from the receiving space of the second formwork element (1b) into the formwork position.

18. Formwork system according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the first auxiliary formwork surface (7a) of the first auxiliary formwork element (6a), the second auxiliary formwork surface (7b) of the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) and the side of the additional formwork element (13) facing the formwork space (3) together completely delimit the second side (5) of the formwork space (3).

19. Formwork system according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the formwork system comprises at least three further formwork elements (9), wherein two further formwork elements (9) connect to the first formwork element (1a) to continue the first formwork surface (2a), and one further formwork element (9) connects to the second formwork element (1b) connects to continue the second formwork surface (2b).

20. Formwork system according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the additional formwork element (13) is formed in two parts and preferably a joint strip (16) is arranged between the two parts.

21. Formwork system according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that at least one formwork angle (18) , preferably made of metal, is provided, one leg (19) of which has at least one groove (21) in which the first group of reinforcing bars (22) is received and the other leg (20) of which is arranged either between the first group of reinforcing bars (22) and the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) or between the first group of reinforcing bars (22) and the additional formwork element (13) or between the two parts of the additional formwork element (13).

22. Formwork system according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the additional formwork element (13) has at least a first groove (21a) in which the first group of reinforcing bars (22) is received and / or has at least a second groove (21b) in which the second group of reinforcing bars (23) is arranged.

23. Method for formwork of a formwork space (3) comprising the following process steps: A) providing a first formwork element (1a) according to one of claims 1 to 14 with a first formwork surface (2a) for delimiting a first side (4) of the formwork space (3) B) placing a first auxiliary formwork element (6a) of the first formwork element (1a) to partially delimit a second side (5) of the formwork space (3), wherein the placing of the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) is carried out starting from the first formwork surface (2a) of the first formwork element (1a) and along a direction which includes a normal vector (N) to the first formwork surface (2a). C) positioning a first group (22) of reinforcing bars in the formwork space (3) , wherein the order of process steps B) and C) is interchangeable, D) providing an additional formwork element (13) to partially limit the second side (5) of the formwork space (3) , wherein the first group of reinforcing bars (22) is arranged between the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) and the additional formwork element (13) E) Positioning a second group (23) of reinforcing bars in the formwork space (3) F) providing a second auxiliary formwork element (6b) to partially delimit the second side (5) of the formwork space (3), wherein the second group of reinforcing bars (23) is arranged between the additional formwork element (13) and the second auxiliary formwork element (6b), wherein the first and second auxiliary formwork elements (6a, 6b) and the additional formwork element (13) delimit, preferably completely delimit, the second side (5) of the formwork space (3).

24. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that the positioning of the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) according to method step B) is carried out by moving the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) out of a receiving space of the first formwork element (1a).

25. Method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the first formwork element (1a) and the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) form a mechanically connected unit, wherein the positioning of the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) according to method step B) is carried out by moving the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) relative to the first formwork surface (2a) of the first formwork element (1a).

26. Method according to one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that after method step D) the first group of reinforcing bars (22) is fixed by means of the additional formwork element (13) and / or after method step E) the second group of reinforcing bars (23) is fixed by means of the additional formwork element (13).

27. Method according to one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that after method step D) the first group of reinforcing bars (22) and / or after method step E) the second group of reinforcing bars (23) is each fixed by means of a formwork angle (18), wherein, with regard to the first group of reinforcing bars (22), one leg of which is either between the first group of reinforcing bars (22) and the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) or between the first group of reinforcing bars (22) and the Additional formwork element (13) or between two parts of the additional formwork element (13) and concerning the second group of reinforcing bars (23) one leg of which is between the second group of reinforcing bars (23) and the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) or is arranged between the second group of reinforcing bars (23) and the additional formwork element (13) or between two parts of the additional formwork element (13).

28. Method according to one of claims 23 to 27, characterized in that, prior to method step F), a second formwork element (1b) according to one of claims 1 to 14 with a second formwork surface (2b) is placed opposite the first formwork element (1a) to delimit a third side (15) of the formwork space (3), and the placement of the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) of the second formwork element (1b) is carried out starting from the second formwork surface (2b) of the second formwork element (1b) and along a direction which includes a normal vector (N) to the second formwork surface (2b).

29. Method according to claim 28, characterized in that the positioning of the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) is carried out by moving the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) out of a receiving space of the second formwork element (1b).

30. Method according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the second formwork element (1b) and the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) form a mechanically connected unit, wherein the positioning of the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) is carried out by moving the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) relative to the second formwork surface (2b) of the second formwork element (1b).

Images