Assembly for variably regulating light transmission between building indoor and outdoor spaces to achieve tunable shading, method and system thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses an assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building, a method and a system thereof. The assembly comprises a resilient means (100) configured for responsively biasing and unbiasing between a biased position and an unbiased position to selectively render or modulate the light transmission across an inflatable foil cushion (200) suspended thereat tunably shadeable at different light transmittance levels.

Description

[0001] ASSEMBLY FOR VARIABLY REGULATING LIGHT TRANSMISSION BETWEEN BUILDING INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACES TO ACHIEVE TUNABLE SHADING, METHOD AND SYSTEM THEREOF

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention generally relates to the field of building envelopes. More particularly, the present invention relates to an assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building, a method and a system thereof.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The subject matter discussed in the background section should not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in the background section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in the background section or associated with the subject matter of the background section should not be assumed to have been previously recognised in the prior art. The subject matter in the background section merely represents different approaches, which in and of themselves may also correspond to implementations of the claimed technology.

[0006] Buildings represent a substantial portion of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, they significantly contribute to resource scarcity and the climate change process.

[0007] Energy consumption in buildings is a significant contributor to carbon dioxide emissions, one of the primary greenhouse gases responsible for climate change. Often referred to as the exterior envelope or curtain wall, the fagade is the primary barrier against external elements like heat, cold, and wind. It is also the most prominent feature of a building, significantly influencing its aesthetic appeal. Additionally, the fagade plays a crucial role in regulating energy flows within the building and maintaining the indoor environment. By designing energy-efficient fagades, building owners and architects can substantially reduce energy consumption, lower operating costs, and create healthier indoor environments for occupants. Climate-sensitive building envelopes can be critical in making buildings more energy-efficient because they can adapt to changing weather conditions, limit incoming sunlight, and moderate heat transmission between indoor and outdoor areas. Building skins with these features can be created by applying the widely used building material ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene foil. This extruded fluoropolymer foil possesses several distinctive properties, including high translucency, flexibility, thinness, and low weight. It is used in building envelopes by layering the foils to create air-filled cushions (Figure 8(a)). Air-actuated switchable functionalities can be applied for solar control. Switching mechanisms have been shown to reduce energy consumption further and improve daylight performance in buildings. However, they do not perform equally well in different climates due to the fixed optical properties of applied reflective frit prints.

[0008] It is, therefore, desirous of addressing the foregoing problems and shortcomings by developing a tunable foil pneumatic cushion with a core mechanism for achieving gradual shading at reduced costs, labour, and time. It would also be preferable to develop a new adjustable shading mechanism that is universally applicable to a wide range of climate zones around the world, contributing to reducing carbon dioxide emissions of the built environment, if at all possible.

[0009] By way of background, European Patent No. EP 3877612 B1 discloses a building enveloping element with a film element that has at least one film layer, a support element to which the film element is attached, and a release device that is designed to release the film element from the support element, if necessary. United States Patent No. US 7,415,799 B2 discloses a building component for forming a roof. The component includes an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) foil cushion comprising sheets of ETFE foil that are held in a frame about their periphery and inflated. The frame includes a release mechanism for releasing the cushion from the frame, for example, in the event of a fire.

[0010] For the reasons stated above and for other reasons which will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the specification, there is a need in the art for an assembly, a method and a system for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building to achieve tunable shading. Although there may be similar approaches for the same in the prior art, there is still considerable room for improvement for many practical purposes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0012] Accordingly, the present invention provides an assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building. The assembly of the present invention may be characterised by comprising a resilient means configured for responsively biasing and unbiasing between a biased position and an unbiased position to selectively render or modulate the light transmission across an inflatable foil cushion suspended thereat tunably shadeable at different light transmittance levels.

[0013] Preferably, the resilient means comprises a ratio of a deflection of the resilient means to a layer separation of the inflatable foil cushion of 1 :6 - 1 :10.

[0014] Preferably, the resilient means comprises an end engageable along a periphery of the inflatable foil cushion or a part thereof.

[0015] Preferably, the resilient means includes a plurality of resilient means arranged relative to the inflatable foil cushion thereof.

[0016] Preferably, the resilient means is selected from a group comprising a mechanical spring including a flexure spring, a coil spring, a disc spring, a helical spring and a leaf spring, a geometrically configured spring including a zigzag, Z-like or S-like configuration, a flexible connectors including a wire extension spring, a flexible rope or wire, a pneumatic element including an inflatable pressure tube, an air bag, a toroid, a compressible material including a foam, a metamaterial, and any combinations thereof.

[0017] Preferably, the inflatable foil cushion is releasably connected to the resilient means by a coupling means, including a rope-edge clamp. Preferably, the inflatable foil cushion is actuated by an air flow through an air valve disposed thereat that causes the inflatable foil cushion to inflate and deflate, to which the resilient means is responsive.

[0018] Preferably, the inflatable foil cushion comprises transparent foils having disposed with a frit in a predetermined pattern, frequency, colour, reflectivity, ink density, transparency, and opacity.

[0019] Preferably, the transparent foils are made of a material selected from a thermoplastic fluoropolymer group, including an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene.

[0020] Preferably, the frit includes an aluminium-based frit and a ceramic-based frit.

[0021] Preferably, the assembly comprises a stackable enclosure or frame having a cavity whose inner walls are engageable along an opposing end of the resilient means or a part thereof.

[0022] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building. The method of the present invention may be characterised by comprising the steps of providing an assembly comprising a resilient means for suspending an inflatable foil cushion thereat; and responsively biasing and unbiasing, by the resilient means, between a biased position and an unbiased position to selectively render or modulate the light transmission across the inflatable foil cushion tunably shadeable at different light transmittance levels.

[0023] In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a system for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building is provided. The system of the present invention may be characterised by comprising an assembly comprising a resilient means configured for responsively biasing and unbiasing between a biased position and an unbiased position to selectively render or modulate the light transmission across an inflatable foil cushion suspended thereat tunably shadeable at different light transmittance levels; an air pump having an air output configured for connection to an air valve disposed at the inflatable foil cushion; a light sensor; and a microcontroller. The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood from a careful reading of a detailed description provided herein below with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 is an isometric view of an assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a top view of an assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a side view of an assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is an isometric view of a resilient means employed in an assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 shows a plot of light transmittance versus layer separation according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 shows a plot of spring deflection versus layer separation according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7(a) shows a switchable foil pneumatic cushion transformation mode according to prior art; Figure 7(b) shows a tunable foil pneumatic cushion transformation mode according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 shows the workflow and applied methods with respect to the fabrication of an assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9(a) shows a perspective view of a spring frame according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9(b) shows a plan view with exemplary dimensions of a spring frame according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 shows the frit print pattern design according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11(a) is an exploded view of a three-dimensional diagram of an assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building depicting functional module parts according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11(b) is an isometric view of an assembled three-dimensional diagram of an assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figures 12(a)- 12(g) are images showing frames extracted from video, depicting tuning modes from near 0% to 100% according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 13 shows three-dimensional (3D) scans in a parallel side view and a plan view for three tuning states: 0% (see 14(a) and 14(b)), 50% (see 14(c) and 14(d)), and 100% (14(e) and 14(f)) according to one embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 14 shows the isolated mesh models of 3D foil pneumatic cushion at 50% (see 15(a) and 15(b)) and 100% (see 15(c) and 15 (d)) layer separation and shape morphing in a perspective view and a lateral view (a lower section part mirrored projection) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] It is noted that the drawings may not be to scale. The drawings are intended to depict only typical aspects of the invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. In the drawings, like numberings (if any) represent like elements between the drawings.

[0042] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0043] The present invention discloses an assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building, a method and a system thereof that can be made, used, and maintained in a highly specific and compact, cost-effective, quick, and simple manner, without the use of complicated and sophisticated steps, components, or parts.

[0044] Advantageously, the present invention provides a gradual shading (instead of switchable shading in the prior art) that would extend daylight hours and significantly cut building energy use. The present invention involves introducing varying volumes of air between reflective print-coated membranes positioned within a cushion (Figure 8(b)). The entire procedure of creating space between the layers and bringing them together is intentionally designed to be a continuous and reversible transformation, enabling the formation of multiple shapes as demonstrated for retractable foil constructions. As a result, a gradual shading mask is achieved, allowing for different levels of light transmission in a tunable manner. A concept that would enable the implementation of a gradual shading mechanism in multilayer foil constructions has been identified by the present invention with respect to recent advances in resilient or biasing means like flexure springs for elastic and reversible material engineering.

[0045] The term “variably”, as used herein, is to be understood in this context in particular as regulation and / or control of a light transmission being able to be different. The term “variably regulating” and equivalent forms used herein, include regulation of a light transmission at different times, in differing rates, in different amounts, in varying light transmittance, either continuously, or in one or more interrupted sequences to resulting in shading that is tunable. The term “variable regulating” also contemplates random regulations of the light transmission between indoor and outdoor spaces.

[0046] The term “light transmission”, as used herein, generally denotes the amount of light passing through indoor and outdoor spaces of a building. In an embodiment, the term refers to the percentage of incident light that passes through a foil cushion employed herein.

[0047] The term “indoor space” and equivalent forms, as used herein, can be any indoor space, area or room within any kind of structure, building or dwelling, including, for example, any type of residential, commercial or industrial structure, building or dwelling. The particular indoor space may or may not be occupiable, liveable and / or habitable. The term generally refers to a space within a building regardless of a scale, and is not limited to a specific space. In embodiments, the indoor space may especially be a room in a building, especially a building configured for hosting humans, such as in a house, an office, a community centre, a mall, or a hospital. In embodiments, the indoor space may be open on one or more sides, which may be common in a building exposed to mild or hot climates. Hence, the term “indoor space” does not necessarily refer to a sealed-off space, but may, in embodiments, be (partially) open to the outside air.

[0048] The term “outdoor space” and equivalent forms, as used herein, means a space or environment outside the indoor space or building. The term also refers to a place whose side is not covered by a structure blocking sunlight and / or with exposure to geological and meteorological external conditions such as air, solar radiation, wind, rain, rain with snow, snow, hail, dust storms, smokes and the like.

[0049] The term “building”, as used herein, generally refers to any partially or fully enclosed structure, typically but not necessarily encompassing one or more rooms that visually or otherwise divide indoor or interior spaces of the structure. Nonlimiting examples of such buildings include houses, apartment buildings or individual apartments therein, condominiums, office buildings, commercial buildings or other wholesale and retail structures (e.g., shopping malls and department stores) etc. The term “facade”, as used herein, generally refers to the lateral parts of the shell of a building. The facade, therefore, refers to the outside of the wall surfaces of the building. Together with the roof, i.e. , the roof surface, and the outer boundary surfaces in the ground, the facade forms the building envelope. The term consequently refers to the lateral parts of the building envelope, in particular, the essentially vertical outer wall surfaces.

[0050] The term “responsively”, as used herein, generally refers to commencement as a result. The term also means triggered thereby.

[0051] In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the assembly comprises a resilient means 100, an inflatable foil cushion 200, a coupling means 300, an air valve 400, and a stackable enclosure or frame 500, as exemplarily shown in Figures 1-3 of the accompanying drawings.

[0052] The resilient means 100 employed herein is a component, device, object or member that is formed with a particular shape having a resilient property that includes the ability to substantially or at least partially return to its original length or dimension and / or to resume its original shape or position after being deformed, biased, contracted, compressed or deflected. It is preferred that the resilient means 100 is configured for responsively biasing and unbiasing between a biased position and an unbiased position to selectively render or modulate the light transmission across the inflatable foil cushion 200 tunably shadeable at different light transmittance levels. The shading essentially refers to the effect of those lights in the indoor space, or on the surface of the indoor space thereof. The shading also preferably refers to a progressive change from a first light transmittance level to a second light transmittance level with respect to, for instance, the indoor space. In an embodiment, the shading refers to both the colour shading and the luminance shading.

[0053] In the present invention, the term “biasing” means that a force is applied, and includes a general action that applies a force, such as pushing and applying a force or pulling as a result of an expansion or inflation of the inflatable foil cushion 200 thereof. The resilient means 100 is adapted to be responsive to the expansion or inflation of the inflatable foil cushion 200 thereof such that, when the inflatable cushion 200 exerts the force on the resilient means 100 while expanding or inflating, the resilient means 100 is impacted and, hence, deformed from the unbiased position to the biased position. The term “unbiasing” means that a force is withdrawn or removed and includes a general action that withdraws or removes a force, such as pushing and applying a force or pulling as a result of collapsing, shrinking or deflation of the inflatable foil cushion 200 thereof. The resilient means 100 is adapted to be responsive to the collapsing, shrinking or deflation of the inflatable foil cushion 200 thereof such that, when the inflatable cushion 200 withdraws the force on the resilient means 100 while collapsing, shrinking or deflating, the resilient means 100 is not or less impacted and, hence, return or resume to its original length or dimension, shape and / or position from the biased position to the unbiased position. In an embodiment, the biased position and the unbiased position, respectively, refer to the contracted, compressed or deformed position and the expanded, extended or non-deformed position of the resilient means 100 thereof.

[0054] Such configuration of the biasing and the unbiasing of the resilient means 100 technically results in a selective rendering or provision of the light transmission, for instance, from the outdoor space to the indoor space of the building, across the inflatable foil cushion 200 tunably shadeable at various light transmittance levels. The selective rendering or provision of the light transmission at a desired light transmittance level resulting in the tunable shading is preferably an action that occurs upon a designated, required or desired condition, actuated by the manipulation by the resilient means 100 described herein. The resilient means 100 employed herein has the ability to tune or effect a shading of, for example, the indoor space, at any light transmittance level by way of responding (i.e., the biasing and the unbiasing) to the inflatable foil cushion 200 cooperatively coupled thereat. The resilient means 100 is capable of dynamically varying or tailoring the light transmittance level across the inflatable foil cushion 200 to achieve the desired shading, which has failed to be achieved in any prior art thus far. The term “light transmittance” indicates the transmittance of incident light (e.g., the amount of light able to pass through the inflatable foil cushion 200) and includes reflection and absorption of partial light. The light transmittance level may encompass visible transmittance (expressed as a number from 0 to 1), which is also known as Visible light transmission (VLT - expressed as a percentage %), which is a measurement of the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum that passes through the inflatable foil cushion 200.

[0055] In embodiments of the present invention, the dynamic modulation of light transmittance across the inflatable foil cushion 200, as facilitated by the biasing and unbiasing of the resilient means 100, enables a responsive shading system that adjusts in real time to environmental stimuli. For example, when the ambient light intensity exceeds a predefined threshold, a light sensor in communication with a microcontroller may trigger the resilient means 100 to transition into a biased position, thereby inflating the inflatable foil cushion 200 and reducing the visible light transmission (VLT) to a lower percentage, such as 20%. Conversely, during low- light conditions, the resilient means 100 may return to an unbiased position, allowing the cushion to deflate and increasing the VLT to a higher value, such as 85%. This tunable shading capability supports occupant comfort, glare mitigation, and energy efficiency without requiring manual intervention.

[0056] The inflatable foil cushion 200, when suspended and actuated by the resilient means 100, can be configured with frits 201 printed in predetermined patterns and densities to further refine the light modulation effect. The interaction between the cushion’s inflation state and the spatial arrangement of frits 201 allows the system to achieve nuanced control over both direct and diffuse light transmission. For instance, in a partially inflated state, the frits 201 may overlap or align to create a semi-opaque shading effect, reducing solar gain while preserving ambient illumination. This level of precision in light control is unattainable in conventional static glazing or fixed shading systems.

[0057] Moreover, the resilient means 100 may be calibrated to respond not only to light intensity but also to other environmental parameters such as temperature, occupancy, or time of day. In one embodiment, the system may be programmed to maintain a target VLT range throughout the day, dynamically adjusting the inflation of the inflatable foil cushion 200 to compensate for the sun’s changing position. This ensures consistent daylighting performance and thermal comfort across different zones of the building. The ability of the resilient means 100 to continuously tailor the light transmittance level across the inflatable foil cushion 200 represents a significant advancement over prior art, which typically relies on static films, manual blinds, or mechanically complex louvre systems.

[0058] In addition to visible light transmission, the inflatable foil cushion 200 may be engineered to modulate infrared and ultraviolet components of incident light. The frits 201 , particularly when composed of reflective inks such as aluminium or silver, contribute to the selective absorption and reflection of non-visible wavelengths. This enhances the thermal insulation properties of the system, reducing cooling loads and improving overall building energy performance. The resilient means 100, by enabling controlled inflation and deflation, ensures that these spectral modulation properties are maintained or adjusted as needed, depending on the operational context.

[0059] Taken together, the cooperative interaction between the resilient means 100 and the inflatable foil cushion 200 establishes a novel method of regulating light transmission that is both tunable and responsive. This method supports a wide range of architectural applications, from adaptive fagades and skylights to modular interior partitions, and offers a scalable solution for daylight management in modern buildings. The present invention thus provides a transformative approach to light control, combining material innovation, pneumatic actuation, and sensor-based automation in a unified system.

[0060] It is preferred that the resilient means 100 comprises a ratio of a deflection of the resilient means 100 to a layer separation of the inflatable foil cushion 200 of about 1 :6 - 1 :10. The ratio of the deflection to the layer separation of about 1 :8 is preferred in the present invention. However, such a ratio is not meant to be limiting in any way and many different ratios could be used. It should be noted that the drawing size of the figures is not a real scale ratio; rather, it is merely intended as a schematic for reference. The ratio shall not be particularly limited but can be set as appropriate, especially when developing to a real scale. The deflection of the resilient means 100 may include a spring deflection or spring travel, which refers to how the resilient means 100 responds when the force (i.e., those imparted or exerted by the inflatable foil cushion 200) is applied or released. It is the action of, for example, a compression spring compressing (being pushed), an extension spring extending (being pulled), or a torsion spring torquing (radially) when a load is applied or released. In most cases, deflection is represented in mathematical terms by the letter F, and any external load is represented by the letter P. In an embodiment of the present invention, the resilient means 100 can be selected from a group comprising, but not limited to, a mechanical spring including a flexure spring, a coil spring, a disc spring, a helical spring and a leaf spring, a geometrically configured spring including a zigzag, Z-like or S-like configuration, a flexible connectors including a wire extension spring, a flexible rope or wire, a pneumatic element including an inflatable pressure tube, an air bag, a toroid, a compressible material including a foam, a metamaterial, and any combinations thereof. In one embodiment of the present invention, the resilient means 100 comprises a mechanical spring, such as a flexure spring, configured to deform elastically when subjected to a change in pressure within the inflatable foil cushion 200. The flexure spring may be mounted along the periphery of the cushion and designed to return to its original shape upon deflation, thereby enabling reversible modulation of light transmittance. Alternatively, a coil spring or helical spring may be employed to provide axial or torsional biasing, particularly in vertically suspended configurations where gravitational effects influence the shading response.

[0061] In another embodiment, the resilient means 100 includes a disc spring or leaf spring arranged in a stacked or layered configuration to provide compact yet high-force biasing. These springs may be positioned within a frame 500 to exert controlled pressure on the inflatable foil cushion 200, thereby adjusting its curvature or tension in response to inflation levels. The use of such mechanical springs allows for passive regulation of shading without requiring active control inputs, making the assembly suitable for energy-efficient building applications.

[0062] In yet another embodiment, the resilient means 100 comprises a geometrically configured spring, such as one formed in a zigzag, Z-like, or S-like configuration. These geometries enable distributed biasing across the surface of the inflatable foil cushion 200, allowing for nuanced control of shading gradients. For instance, a zigzag spring may be embedded within the cushion’s suspension interface to create alternating zones of high and low transmittance as the cushion inflates or deflates. For instance, the zigzag configuration denotes that the spring has a pattern with an angular shape characterised by sharp turns in alternating directions, generally formed by a path between two parallel lines. The Z-like configuration essentially refers to a substantially third-order curve or piece-wise linear equivalent where the regions at and near the maximum / minimum points are referred to as vertices. The S-like configuration may refer to a double curve shape with curves generally facing opposite directions (e.g., the concave side of one curve facing generally upward and the concave side of the adjoining curve facing generally downward, the concave side of one curve generally facing right and the concave side of the adjoining curve generally facing left, etc.). Such double curve shapes may appear similar in structure to the letter “S” (with generally two adjoined, oppositely curved regions). The spring is “S-like or shaped” regardless of whether the structure is oriented like an “S” or like a mirror image of an “S”. Also, the individual curves of a double curve structure can have any depths, slopes, and / or sharpness (including curves of different depths, slopes, and / or sharpness) and still be considered an “S-like or shaped configuration”.

[0063] In a further embodiment, the resilient means 100 includes flexible connectors such as a wire extension spring, a flexible rope, or a wire, which may be tensioned between anchor points on the frame 500 and the inflatable foil cushion 200. These connectors respond dynamically to changes in cushion volume, enabling the assembly to self-adjust its shading profile based on ambient conditions. The use of wire-based connectors also facilitates lightweight and modular construction, which is advantageous for retrofitting existing building fagades.

[0064] In another embodiment, the resilient means 100 comprises a pneumatic element, such as an inflatable pressure tube, an air bag, or a toroid, which may be co-inflated or independently actuated alongside the inflatable foil cushion 200. These elements provide a soft biasing force that can be tuned by adjusting internal pressure, allowing for smooth transitions between shading states. For example, an air bag positioned beneath the cushion may expand to tilt or lift the cushion, thereby altering its orientation relative to incoming light.

[0065] In yet another embodiment, the resilient means 100 comprises a compressible material such as foam or a metamaterial engineered to exhibit nonlinear deformation characteristics. These materials may be embedded within the cushion’s mounting interface or layered beneath the cushion to provide passive resistance during inflation. A metamaterial with programmable stiffness could be used to create zones of variable shading intensity, enhancing the assembly’s responsiveness to environmental stimuli. The metamaterial is a piece of matter engineered to have a desired property. In some cases, the metamaterial is made of a predetermined molecular composition and / or mixtures constituting a bounding structure and having a skeletal design of predetermined repetitive characteristics. The skeletal design or matrix is configured to provide the metamaterial with predetermined desired property, such as a physical property, a mechanical property or the like associated with resiliency or biasing. In an embodiment, the metamaterial is built in or programmed with varying mechanical properties.

[0066] In certain embodiments, combinations of the above resilient elements may be employed to achieve hybrid biasing effects. For instance, a coil spring may be used in conjunction with a flexible rope to provide both axial and lateral tensioning, while a foam insert may be paired with a disc spring to dampen abrupt movements and improve user comfort. Such combinations allow the resilient means 100 to be tailored for specific architectural, climatic, or aesthetic requirements.

[0067] The resilient means 100 preferably comprises an end and an opposing end. The end of the resilient means 100 is preferably engageable along a periphery (which refers to the outer boundary or surface) of the inflatable foil cushion 200 or a part thereof. In one example, the resilient means 100 is deployed at one point or corner of the inflatable foil cushion 200 thereof. The resilient means 100 employed herein preferably includes a plurality of resilient means 100 arranged relative to the inflatable foil cushion 200 thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, the plurality of resilient means 100 are deployed at two or more opposing points or corners of the inflatable foil cushion 200 thereof. All or some of the plurality of resilient means 100 may be identical with each other or different from each other.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, the resilient means 100 comprises an end and an opposing end, wherein the end of the resilient means 100 is configured to be engageable along a periphery of the inflatable foil cushion 200. The periphery herein refers to the outer boundary or surface of the inflatable foil cushion 200, which may include its edge seam, corner junctions, or any structurally reinforced segment suitable for anchoring. This engagement allows the resilient means 100 to exert a directional biasing force that influences the shape, orientation, or tension of the inflatable foil cushion 200, thereby modulating its light transmittance characteristics.

[0069] In another example, the resilient means 100 is deployed at a single point or corner of the inflatable foil cushion 200, such as a top-left or bottom-right corner when viewed in elevation. This point-specific deployment enables localized shading control, which may be desirable in applications requiring asymmetric light modulation or targeted glare reduction. The single-point engagement also facilitates simplified installation and maintenance, particularly in modular or retrofit systems.

[0070] In a further embodiment, the resilient means 100 employed herein includes a plurality of resilient means 100 arranged relative to the inflatable foil cushion 200. The plurality may be distributed symmetrically or asymmetrically around the cushion, depending on the desired shading profile and mechanical response. For instance, four resilient means 100 may be positioned at each corner of the inflatable foil cushion 200, forming a quadrilateral suspension system that enables uniform inflation and deflation dynamics.

[0071] In one exemplary embodiment, the plurality of resilient means 100 are deployed at two or more opposing points or corners of the inflatable foil cushion 200, such as diagonally opposite corners or along opposing lateral edges. This configuration allows the cushion to be tensioned bi-directionally, thereby enhancing its responsiveness to internal pressure changes and external environmental stimuli. The opposing deployment also contributes to structural stability and reduces the risk of torsional deformation during actuation.

[0072] In certain embodiments, all or some of the plurality of resilient means 100 may be identical with each other or different from each other. For example, two resilient means 100 may be flexure springs while the remaining two are inflatable pressure tubes, allowing for hybrid mechanical-pneumatic biasing. This heterogeneity enables tailored shading performance, where different regions of the inflatable foil cushion 200 respond differently to inflation, ambient light, or user input. Such configurations are particularly advantageous in adaptive fagades or smart building systems where zonal control is required.

[0073] The inflatable foil cushion 200 is preferably connected or suspended to the end of the resilient means 100 in a releasably or detachably manner. It is intended that the connection or suspension arrangement thereof is provided for the purpose of releasing and replacing the inflatable foil cushion 200 from the end of the resilient means 100 thereof but with a bond strong enough therebetween. It is preferred that the inflatable foil cushion 200 is releasably connected to the resilient means 100 by the coupling means 300. The coupling means 300 preferably includes a rope-edge clamp. The rope-edge clamp may be attached (e.g., by sliding through) to the periphery of the inflatable foil cushion 200 and the resilient means 100 to create a continuous connection between the inflatable foil cushion 200 and the end of the resilient means 100 thereof. It gives the inflatable foil cushion 200 remarkable strength and ease of fitting, allowing the same to be locked into place with a tight, strong and sleek finished look. In one embodiment, the rope-edge clamp is a keder or keder-like connection. In one embodiment of the present invention, the inflatable foil cushion 200 is preferably connected or suspended to the end of the resilient means 100 in a releasably or detachably manner. This configuration allows for modularity and ease of maintenance, particularly in architectural or adaptive shading systems where periodic replacement or repositioning of the inflatable foil cushion 200 is required. The connection or suspension arrangement is intentionally designed to facilitate the release and replacement of the inflatable foil cushion 200 from the end of the resilient means 100, while maintaining a bond strong enough to withstand operational stresses such as wind load, inflation pressure, and thermal expansion.

[0074] To achieve this balance between strength and removability, the inflatable foil cushion 200 is preferably releasably connected to the resilient means 100 by the coupling means 300. The coupling means 300 preferably includes a rope-edge clamp, which serves as a mechanical interface between the periphery of the inflatable foil cushion 200 and the resilient means 100. In one example, the ropeedge clamp is configured to slide through a hem or reinforced edge of the inflatable foil cushion 200, and simultaneously engage with a slot or groove formed at the end of the resilient means 100, thereby creating a continuous and secure connection.

[0075] This rope-edge clamp arrangement imparts remarkable strength and ease of fitting to the inflatable foil cushion 200, allowing the same to be locked into place with a tight, strong, and sleek finished look. The clamp ensures that the inflatable foil cushion 200 remains taut and properly aligned during inflation and deflation cycles, contributing to both aesthetic appeal and functional performance. Moreover, the clamp can be disengaged without damaging the components, enabling straightforward replacement or repositioning of the inflatable foil cushion 200 as needed.

[0076] In one exemplary embodiment, the rope-edge clamp is a keder or keder-like connection. The keder configuration typically comprises a flexible core wrapped in a durable fabric sleeve, which is inserted into a corresponding track or channel at the end of the resilient means 100. This arrangement provides a robust yet flexible coupling that accommodates dynamic movement and pressure variation within the inflatable foil cushion 200, while maintaining a clean and professional appearance. The keder-like connection also allows for rapid installation and removal, making it particularly suitable for deployable or reconfigurable shading systems. With respect to the expansion or inflation of the inflatable foil cushion 200 to which the resilient means 100 is responsive to, it is preferred that the inflatable foil cushion 200 is actuated or triggered by an air flow through the air valve 400 disposed thereat that causes the inflatable foil cushion 200 to inflate (e.g., by way of charging or subjecting the air flow into the inflatable foil cushion 200) and deflate (e.g., by way of discharging or releasing the air out from the inflatable foil cushion 200). The air valve 400 can be both the point of air entry and the point of air exit with respect to the inflatable foil cushion 200 thereof. In an embodiment, the air valve 400 is meant to encompass any device that exhausts air from and / or admits air into the inflatable foil cushion 200. It encompasses all categories of air valves, including but not limited to “air release valves”, “air and vacuum valves”, and / or “combination air valves”. Also, it should be emphasised that by the air valve 400 is to be understood any kind of air strangler, throttle, register, gate, slide, damper or any other device suitable for changing the resistance of the air flow through the inflatable foil cushion 200. In embodiments, the air valve 400 is in communication with a light or photo sensor and other components. Preferably, the air valve 400 is connected to an air pump or blower with an air output configured for connection thereto.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present invention, the expansion or inflation of the inflatable foil cushion 200, to which the resilient means 100 is responsive, is preferably actuated by an air flow introduced through the air valve 400 disposed thereat. The air valve 400 serves as a pneumatic control interface that governs the inflation and deflation cycles of the inflatable foil cushion 200, thereby enabling dynamic modulation of its shape and light transmittance properties. Upon actuation, the air valve 400 allows air to be charged into the inflatable foil cushion 200, causing it to expand and assume a taut or convex profile. Conversely, the same air valve 400 facilitates deflation by discharging air from the inflatable foil cushion 200, allowing it to collapse or relax into a low-transmittance configuration.

[0078] The air valve 400 is preferably configured to function as both the point of air entry and the point of air exit with respect to the inflatable foil cushion 200. This dual functionality simplifies the pneumatic architecture and reduces the number of components required for operation, which is particularly advantageous in compact, modular, or retrofit shading systems. For example, a single bidirectional valve may be used to alternate between inflation and deflation modes based on environmental input or user control. In an embodiment, the air valve 400 is intended to encompass any device that exhausts air from and / or admits air into the inflatable foil cushion 200. This includes, but is not limited to, conventional valve categories such as “air release valves,” “air and vacuum valves,” and “combination air valves.” The versatility of the air valve 400 allows the present invention to be adapted across various building types and climatic conditions, supporting both passive and active shading strategies.

[0079] It should also be emphasised that the air valve 400 is to be understood broadly to include any kind of air strangler, throttle, register, gate, slide, damper, or other device suitable for changing the resistance of the air flow through the inflatable foil cushion 200. For instance, in one embodiment, the air valve 400 may be a motorised damper integrated with a feedback loop that adjusts airflow resistance in response to real-time solar intensity or internal temperature readings. This enables fine-tuned control over the inflation state of the inflatable foil cushion 200, thereby enhancing its responsiveness and energy efficiency.

[0080] In certain embodiments, the air valve 400 is in communication with a light or photo sensor and other components. This configuration enables automated actuation of the inflatable foil cushion 200 based on ambient light conditions. For example, when the photo sensor detects high solar irradiance, it signals the air valve 400 to initiate inflation, thereby deploying the inflatable foil cushion 200 to provide shading. Conversely, during low light conditions, the sensor may trigger deflation to retract the cushion and maximise daylight penetration. This sensor- integrated control system supports intelligent building design and contributes to occupant comfort and energy savings.

[0081] Preferably, the air valve 400 is connected to an air pump or blower with an air output configured for connection thereto. The air pump may be a low-noise, variable-speed blower capable of delivering controlled airflow to the inflatable foil cushion 200 via the air valve 400. This arrangement ensures precise modulation of cushion inflation, allowing the resilient means 100 to respond accordingly and maintain the desired structural or shading profile. In one example, the air pump may be programmed to operate in tandem with the photo sensor and microcontroller to achieve real-time adaptive shading based on environmental inputs. The inflatable foil cushion 200 preferably comprises transparent foils. The transparent foils are preferably disposed with a frit 201 in a predetermined pattern, frequency, colour, reflectivity, ink density, transparency, and opacity. The foils are essentially a thin and pliable sheet, film or membrane of a material having, for example, about 50 micrometres (microns) to about 300 micrometres (microns) in thickness. The foil of the present invention is superior in terms of weathering resistance and mechanical resistance to other reflective foils available on the market and has improved stability over a prolonged period (>10 years, which demonstrates long-term stability). The term “stability”, as used herein, refers not only to the intrinsic stability of the foil with respect to weathering effects and mechanical damages but also to the sustainability of its protective action in terms of infrared reflecting properties and ultraviolet absorption. The material employed to make the foils is preferably generally transparent, semicrystalline, thermoplastic fluoroplastics. The material, according to one embodiment, can be selected from a thermoplastic fluoropolymer group. The thermoplastic fluoropolymer group preferably includes an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), a structural transparent fluorinated envelope (STFE) made from a polyarylate, other transparent architectural polymer textiles or a mixture thereof. ETFE is the preferred material for the foils of the present invention.

[0082] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the inflatable foil cushion 200 comprises transparent foils that serve both structural and optical functions. These transparent foils are engineered to modulate light transmission and thermal performance while maintaining mechanical integrity under repeated inflationdeflation cycles. To enhance their functional versatility, the transparent foils are preferably disposed with a frit 201 in a predetermined pattern, frequency, colour, reflectivity, ink density, transparency, and opacity. For example, the frit 201 may be applied in a dot matrix or gradient pattern to achieve selective shading, glare reduction, or aesthetic enhancement, depending on the architectural or environmental requirements.

[0083] The foils used in the inflatable foil cushion 200 are essentially thin and pliable sheets, films, or membranes of a material having a thickness ranging from about 50 micrometres to about 300 micrometres. This dimensional range ensures sufficient flexibility for inflation while providing the necessary tensile strength to withstand wind loads and mechanical stress. In one embodiment, the foil may be laminated or surface-treated to further improve its resistance to puncture, abrasion, and UV degradation.

[0084] The foil of the present invention demonstrates superior weathering resistance and mechanical durability compared to conventional reflective foils available on the market. This superiority is evidenced by its long-term stability, which exceeds 10 years under typical environmental exposure. The term “stability,” as used herein, refers not only to the intrinsic resilience of the foil against weathering effects — such as photodegradation, hydrolysis, and thermal cycling — but also to the sustained performance of its protective functions, including infrared reflection and ultraviolet absorption. For instance, the foil may retain over 90% of its initial IR reflectivity and UV blocking capacity after a decade of outdoor use, thereby ensuring consistent energy efficiency and occupant comfort.

[0085] The material employed to fabricate the transparent foils is preferably a generally transparent, semicrystalline, thermoplastic fluoroplastic. This class of materials offers a unique combination of optical clarity, chemical inertness, and mechanical robustness. According to one embodiment, the material is selected from a thermoplastic fluoropolymer group, which includes ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), a structural transparent fluorinated envelope (STFE) made from polyarylate, other transparent architectural polymer textiles, or a mixture thereof. ETFE is the preferred material for the foils of the present invention due to its exceptional light transmittance (up to 95%), low surface energy (which resists soiling), and high elongation at break (which supports repeated inflation cycles without fatigue).

[0086] In one exemplary configuration, the inflatable foil cushion 200 comprises ETFE foils printed with frit 201 in a solar-optimized pattern. The frit 201 may be applied using UV-curable inks with controlled opacity to achieve dynamic shading effects when the cushion is inflated. This configuration allows the resilient means 100 to respond to the inflation state of the cushion, thereby enabling adaptive modulation of daylight and thermal gain. The combination of ETFE’s material properties and the strategic application of frit 201 ensures that the inflatable foil cushion 200 remains functional, visually appealing, and structurally sound over extended operational lifespans. The frit 201 employed herein may be a vitrifiable powder and comprise a metal oxide pigment. In an embodiment, the frit 201 includes, but not limited to, an aluminium-based frit and a ceramic-based frit as well as other frit which is today available or will be available in future. The aluminium-based frit from an aluminium ink is preferred in the present invention. A plurality of frits 201 of the desired pattern, frequency, colour, reflectivity, ink density, transparency, and opacity are printed on the underside of one or both of the transparent foils thereof. By using an aluminium ink (or silver ink), the frits 201 reflect light, and therefore heat, before it permeates through the inflatable foil cushion 200 and into the space below. The different densities of ink and the different ranges of fritting pattern, frequency, colour, reflectivity, ink density, transparency, and opacity enable the present invention to tailor the level of light transmission to the indoor space, reducing light transmittance levels or light levels from about >90% down to about 10%, and tunably everything in between. In an embodiment, the pattern includes, but not limited to, a single colour pattern, a dot pattern, a hole pattern, a square pattern, a mesh pattern, a line pattern, a horizontal line pattern, a vertical line pattern, other geometrical patterns, a gradient pattern, and a partial coverage dot pattern. The frits 201 can take and be configured into any shape, including a circle, ovoid, square, rectangle, triangle, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, ellipse, star, or any other polygon or geometrically closed shape. The frits 201 can be configured into any colour. A reflective colour from a suitable ink (e.g., silver or aluminium) is preferred in the present invention.

[0087] In embodiments of the present invention, the frit 201 employed on the transparent foils of the inflatable foil cushion 200 may comprise a vitrifiable powder that includes a metal oxide pigment. This composition allows the frit 201 to be thermally bonded or cured onto the foil substrate, ensuring long-term adhesion and durability under environmental stressors. The metal oxide pigment within the frit 201 contributes to its reflective and absorptive properties, enabling precise control over solar gain and light diffusion.

[0088] The frit 201 may include, but is not limited to, aluminium-based frit and ceramic-based frit, as well as other frit compositions that are currently available or may become commercially viable in the future. Among these, the aluminium-based frit derived from aluminium ink is preferred in the present invention due to its high reflectivity, thermal stability, and compatibility with transparent architectural foils. In one embodiment, the aluminium ink is screen-printed or digitally deposited onto the underside of one or both transparent foils of the inflatable foil cushion 200, forming a plurality of frits 201 in a desired pattern, frequency, colour, reflectivity, ink density, transparency, and opacity.

[0089] By employing aluminium ink (or alternatively, silver ink), the frits 201 serve to reflect incident light, and consequently heat, before it permeates through the inflatable foil cushion 200 and into the interior space below. This preemptive reflection mechanism enhances thermal comfort and reduces cooling loads, particularly in high solar exposure zones. The ability to modulate light transmittance through the strategic application of frits 201 allows the present invention to tailor indoor illumination levels from greater than 90% down to approximately 10%, with tunable gradations in between. This dynamic range supports both daylight harvesting and glare mitigation, depending on the operational state of the cushion.

[0090] The pattern of the frits 201 may include, but is not limited to, a single colour pattern, dot pattern, hole pattern, square pattern, mesh pattern, line pattern, horizontal line pattern, vertical line pattern, other geometrical patterns, gradient pattern, and partial coverage dot pattern. These configurations enable the inflatable foil cushion 200 to achieve both functional and aesthetic objectives. For example, a gradient pattern may be used to create a smooth transition in light intensity across a fagade, while a mesh pattern may enhance structural uniformity and visual texture.

[0091] Furthermore, the frits 201 can be configured into any shape, including circle, ovoid, square, rectangle, triangle, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, ellipse, star, or any other polygon or geometrically closed shape. This geometric versatility allows designers to customise the visual identity of the inflatable foil cushion 200 while maintaining its optical performance. In one embodiment, a hexagonal frit 201 pattern is employed to mimic natural tessellation and optimise surface coverage with minimal material usage.

[0092] The frits 201 can also be configured into any colour, with reflective colours derived from suitable inks, such as silver or aluminium, being preferred in the present invention. These reflective colours not only enhance solar control but also contribute to the architectural expression of the system. For instance, a silver frit 201 may be used to create a high-tech, luminous fagade, while a coloured frit 201 may be employed to match branding or cultural motifs. The frits 201 , if imprinted on both sides of the transparent foils of the inflatable foil cushion 200, can be arranged or fashioned in a manner that they are aligned with each other before and after the expansion of the inflatable foil cushion 200. Still, the frits 201 , if imprinted on both sides of the transparent foils of the inflatable foil cushion 200, can be arranged or fashioned in a manner that they are aligned with each other before the expansion of the inflatable foil cushion 200 but, overlapping with each other after the expansion of the inflatable foil cushion 200. Yet still, the frits 201 , if imprinted on both sides of the transparent foils of the inflatable foil cushion 200, can be arranged or fashioned in a manner that they are aligned with each other before the expansion of the inflatable foil cushion 200 but completely not overlapping with each other (i.e., arranged alternately with each other of different transparent foils between the distance or gap between frits 201) after the expansion of the inflatable foil cushion 200.

[0093] In one embodiment of the present invention, the frits 201 , when imprinted on both sides of the transparent foils of the inflatable foil cushion 200, are arranged such that they remain aligned with each other both before and after the expansion of the inflatable foil cushion 200. This configuration ensures consistent optical performance regardless of the inflation state. For example, when the cushion is deflated, the frits 201 on the inner and outer surfaces of the transparent foils may form a unified visual pattern, such as a continuous mesh or gradient. Upon inflation, the spatial separation between the foils increases, but the frits 201 remain optically aligned, preserving the intended shading or light modulation effect. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for applications requiring uniform appearance and predictable light transmittance across varying cushion volumes.

[0094] In another embodiment, the frits 201 imprinted on both sides of the transparent foils of the inflatable foil cushion 200 are arranged to be aligned with each other prior to expansion, but designed to overlap after expansion. This dynamic overlap introduces a tunable shading effect, whereby the inflation of the cushion causes the frits 201 to shift into a denser configuration. For instance, a dot pattern printed on the inner foil may align with a corresponding dot pattern on the outer foil when deflated, but upon inflation, the increased foil separation causes the dots to overlap partially or fully, thereby reducing light transmittance. This overlapping behaviour can be engineered to achieve adaptive glare control or thermal shading, responding passively to cushion inflation driven by environmental triggers such as solar intensity or internal temperature.

[0095] Yet in another embodiment, the frits 201 imprinted on both sides of the transparent foils of the inflatable foil cushion 200 are arranged to be aligned with each other before expansion, but completely non-overlapping after expansion. In this configuration, the frits 201 are positioned alternately between the transparent foils such that, upon inflation, the spatial gap between the foils causes the frits 201 to shift out of alignment. This results in a distributed or staggered shading effect, where light passes through the gaps between frits 201 , creating a diffused illumination profile. For example, a square frit 201 on the inner foil may be offset from a circular frit 201 on the outer foil after expansion, allowing partial light transmission through the interstitial spaces. This embodiment supports applications requiring variable light diffusion, aesthetic layering, or dynamic visual textures.

[0096] Each of these configurations, aligned, overlapping, and non-overlapping, demonstrates the versatility of the frit 201 arrangement in modulating light and thermal properties of the inflatable foil cushion 200. By leveraging the inflation- responsive behaviour of the cushion, the present invention enables passive or active control over indoor environmental conditions, contributing to energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and architectural expression.

[0097] The movement of the inflatable foil cushion 200 (that is, the inflation and the deflation of the inflatable foil cushion 200 described in the aforementioned paragraph) is preferably automated by the light or photo sensor installed in a suitable area associated with the building, such as the roof of the building. The light sensor, in combination with a controller like a microcontroller, preferably allows an end user to set light transmittance levels that are maintained by an air handling unit connected thereto and automatically adjusted. As the position of the sun moves through the day, the assembly of the present invention can react and respond.

[0098] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the movement of the inflatable foil cushion 200 — namely, its inflation and deflation — is automated through the integration of a light or photo sensor strategically installed in a suitable area associated with the building, such as the roof or fagade. This sensor continuously monitors ambient light conditions and serves as the primary input for regulating the optical state of the inflatable foil cushion 200. For instance, during peak solar intensity, the sensor detects elevated lux levels and triggers inflation of the cushion via a connected air handling unit, thereby increasing shading and reducing solar heat gain.

[0099] The light sensor operates in conjunction with a controller, preferably a microcontroller, which processes sensor data and executes predefined logic to maintain user-defined light transmittance levels. These levels may be set through a building management interface or a dedicated control module, allowing the end user to specify desired illumination thresholds for different times of day or occupancy scenarios. Once configured, the system autonomously adjusts the inflation state of the inflatable foil cushion 200 to maintain the target transmittance. For example, if the user sets a transmittance ceiling of 30%, the microcontroller will command the air handling unit to inflate the cushion until the frits 201 and foil geometry achieve the required shading density.

[0100] As the position of the sun moves throughout the day, the assembly of the present invention is capable of reacting and responding in real time. This dynamic responsiveness is enabled by continuous feedback from the light sensor and adaptive control logic embedded in the microcontroller. In one embodiment, the system may initiate partial inflation during morning hours to allow soft daylight ingress, followed by full inflation during midday to block harsh sunlight, and gradual deflation in the evening to maximise natural light. Such temporal modulation enhances occupant comfort, reduces reliance on artificial lighting, and contributes to energy efficiency.

[0101] Moreover, the automation of the inflatable foil cushion 200 supports integration with broader building automation systems, including HVAC and daylight harvesting modules. For example, the air handling unit responsible for inflating the cushion may be linked to a central air distribution system, allowing coordinated control based on thermal load and occupancy. This synergy between pneumatic actuation and environmental sensing exemplifies the intelligent, responsive nature of the present invention.

[0102] The stackable enclosure or frame 500 of the present invention, which is a retention structure, has a cavity disposed therethrough. The cavity is preferably formed by inner walls of frame pieces. The cavity is preferably configured for receiving the inflatable foil cushion 200 therein. The inner walls of the cavity of the stackable enclosure or frame 500 are preferably engageable along the opposing end of the resilient means 100 or a part thereof so as to facilitate and accommodate the hanging or suspension of the inflatable foil cushion 200 within the cavity through the resilient means 100 thereof. The stackable enclosure or frame 500 can be any shape, such as a square, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a rhombus and a quadrilateral, and size to functionally secure the inflatable foil cushion 200 within the cavity through the resilient means 100. The stackable enclosure or frame 500, as the name implies, has the capability of attaching the enclosures or frames 500 together in any relationship, such as a side-by-side relationship, whether in a vertical column orientation, a horizontal row orientation, or some combination thereof.

[0103] In embodiments of the present invention, the stackable enclosure or frame 500, which serves as a retention structure, comprises a cavity disposed therethrough. This cavity is preferably formed by the inner walls of frame pieces that define the perimeter and depth of the enclosure. The cavity is specifically configured to receive the inflatable foil cushion 200 therein, allowing for secure placement and functional integration within architectural or modular systems. For example, the cavity may be dimensioned to accommodate the full expansion profile of the inflatable foil cushion 200, ensuring that the cushion remains spatially constrained and visually aligned during inflation and deflation cycles.

[0104] The inner walls of the cavity of the stackable enclosure or frame 500 are preferably engageable along the opposing end of the resilient means 100, or a part thereof, so as to facilitate and accommodate the hanging or suspension of the inflatable foil cushion 200 within the cavity through the resilient means 100. In one embodiment, the resilient means 100 may comprise tensioned cords, elastic bands, or spring-loaded connectors that interface with anchoring points on the inner walls of the frame 500. This engagement allows the inflatable foil cushion 200 to be suspended in a taut or semi-taut state, enabling controlled inflation while maintaining structural alignment. Such a configuration supports both vertical and horizontal deployment, depending on the orientation of the frame 500.

[0105] The stackable enclosure or frame 500 may be fabricated in any geometric shape suitable for securing the inflatable foil cushion 200 through the resilient means 100, including but not limited to square, rectangle, trapezoid, rhombus, and quadrilateral forms. This geometric flexibility allows the present invention to be adapted to diverse architectural layouts, such as curtain wall systems, skylights, atriums, or modular shading panels. For instance, a rectangular frame 500 may be used for fagade integration, while a trapezoidal frame 500 may be employed to follow the contour of a sloped roof or irregular fenestration.

[0106] As the name implies, the stackable enclosure or frame 500 possesses the capability of attaching multiple enclosures or frames 500 together in any relationship. This includes side-by-side arrangements in vertical column orientation, horizontal row orientation, or hybrid configurations thereof. In one embodiment, a series of frames 500 may be stacked vertically to form a dynamic shading column, with each inflatable foil cushion 200 responding independently to local light conditions. Alternatively, a horizontal array of frames 500 may be deployed across a glazed roof, enabling zonal control of daylight ingress. The modularity and stackability of the frame 500 support scalable deployment, ease of maintenance, and architectural customisation.

[0107] This structural arrangement not only facilitates the secure retention and suspension of the inflatable foil cushion 200, but also enhances the overall adaptability and aesthetic coherence of the system. By enabling various stacking relationships and geometric configurations, the present invention offers a versatile solution for responsive shading, thermal regulation, and visual modulation in built environments.

[0108] For clarity, the method of variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building described in conjunction with the assembly and the system in the preceding paragraphs will be summarised as follows:

[0109] (a) providing an assembly comprising a resilient means 100 for suspending an inflatable foil cushion 200 thereat; and

[0110] (b) responsively biasing and unbiasing, by the resilient means 100, between a biased position and an unbiased position to selectively render or modulate the light transmission across the inflatable foil cushion 200 tunably shadeable at different light transmittance levels.

[0111] Although the method is depicted as a sequence of numbered steps for clarity, the numbering does not necessarily dictate the order of the steps. It should be understood that some of these steps may be skipped, performed in parallel, or performed without the requirement of maintaining a strict order of sequence.

[0112] The method, as described, comprises a sequence of steps that enable dynamic modulation of daylight ingress and thermal gain. This method is particularly suited for adaptive building envelopes, responsive shading systems, and energyefficient architectural applications.

[0113] In the first step, an assembly is provided that includes a resilient means 100 configured to suspend an inflatable foil cushion 200. The resilient means 100 may comprise elastic cords, spring-biased connectors, or tensioned membranes that maintain the inflatable foil cushion 200 in a suspended state within a structural frame, such as the stackable enclosure or frame 500. This suspension allows the cushion to expand and contract freely in response to pneumatic input, while remaining spatially anchored and visually aligned. For example, in a fagade- integrated system, the resilient means 100 may be anchored to the inner walls of the frame 500, allowing the inflatable foil cushion 200 to hang in a semi-taut configuration that supports controlled inflation.

[0114] In the second step, the resilient means 100 responsively biases and unbiases the inflatable foil cushion 200 between a biased position and an unbiased position. In the biased position, the resilient means 100 exerts tension or compression on the cushion, influencing its geometry and surface orientation. This may correspond to a fully inflated state where the cushion assumes a convex or taut profile, thereby increasing the density and alignment of frits 201 printed on the transparent foils and reducing light transmittance. In contrast, the unbiased position may correspond to a deflated or relaxed state, where the cushion collapses and the frits 201 are spaced apart or misaligned, allowing higher levels of light to pass through.

[0115] This responsive modulation enables the inflatable foil cushion 200 to be tunably shadeable at different light transmittance levels. For instance, during peak sunlight hours, the system may inflate the cushion to achieve a transmittance level of approximately 10%, thereby reducing glare and thermal load. During overcast conditions or evening hours, the cushion may deflate to restore transmittance levels above 80%, maximising daylight penetration. The resilient means 100 plays a critical role in facilitating this transition, ensuring that the cushion responds predictably and reversibly to pneumatic actuation.

[0116] Together, these steps form a method that supports intelligent, real-time regulation of light transmission, contributing to occupant comfort, energy efficiency, and architectural flexibility. The method is compatible with automated control systems, including light sensors and microcontrollers, and may be integrated into modular assemblies for scalable deployment across building envelopes.

[0117] In light of the present invention, the unexpected and surprising technical effect lies in the ability to achieve a continuously variable shading response using a pneumatically actuated multilayer foil system — without relying on complex mechanical linkages or electrochromic materials. Unlike prior art systems that typically offer binary or stepwise shading states (e.g., fully transparent vs. fully opaque), the present invention introduces a fluid continuum of light transmittance levels, governed by the inflation state of the inflatable foil cushion 200 and the responsive behaviour of the resilient means 100. This enables the system to mimic natural light transitions, such as the gradual dimming of daylight during sunset, which has not been technically feasible in conventional architectural shading systems.

[0118] One particularly surprising effect is the optical layering phenomenon that emerges when frits 201 printed on opposing transparent foils shift relative to one another during inflation. As the cushion expands, the spatial relationship between the frits 201 changes dynamically, resulting in overlapping, misalignment, or alternating configurations that modulate light in complex, non-linear ways. This behaviour creates a shading mask that is not only tunable but also spectrally selective, allowing for differentiated control over visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light components. The ability to achieve such spectral modulation through purely mechanical and pneumatic means, without active coatings or electrical input, is a novel and counterintuitive outcome.

[0119] Furthermore, the use of resilient means 100, such as flexure springs or elastic biasing elements, introduces a self-regulating feedback loop within the system. These components respond passively to changes in internal pressure and external environmental conditions, enabling the inflatable foil cushion 200 to adjust its shape and transmittance without requiring continuous energy input. This passive responsiveness contributes to the system’s energy efficiency and longevity, offering a low-maintenance alternative to motorised or electronically controlled shading devices.

[0120] Another unexpected benefit is the architectural adaptability of the stackable enclosure or frame 500, which allows multiple inflatable foil cushions 200 to be deployed in modular arrays. When combined with the gradual shading mechanism, this modularity enables zonal daylight control across large building fagades or roof structures. For example, different cushions within a grid can be inflated to varying degrees based on local light conditions, creating a mosaic of shading intensities that optimises both visual comfort and thermal performance. This level of granularity and spatial control is unprecedented in conventional shading systems.

[0121] Taken together, the present invention delivers a suite of technical effects that are not only novel but also synergistic, combining pneumatic actuation, resilient biasing, optical layering, and modular deployment into a unified system that redefines how buildings interact with natural light. These effects are not merely incremental improvements over prior art; they represent a paradigm shift in responsive envelope design, with implications for sustainability, occupant wellbeing, and architectural expression.

[0122] The present invention will be specifically described by the following examples, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited in any way to these examples. The following examples may contain contents that are effectively the inventors’ own publications, which are hereby incorporated entirety by reference, and shall not be considered plagiarism.

[0123] Example 1

[0124] This invention embodies a new, advanced tunable shading mechanism for inflated foil cushions 200, aiming to perform more climate-sensitive than the prior art systems. The invention allows reversible transformations of inflated foil layer systems to function as a shading mechanism, relying on previous discoveries in the field. The invention could, furthermore, be integrated or combined with existing inflatable foil construction methods and technologies. A key component of the novel shading system described herein that allows for the reversible transformation resides in a flexible edge profile (flexure spring 100 or similar, such as wire extension springs, flexible roping, inflatable pressure tube, or any other biasing means to respond to the deformation of the pneumatic-foil / cushion edge) joining the outer edges of an air-inflatable foil cushion 200, composed of two thin transparent foils with imprinted reflective silver coloured frits 201 (aluminium based ink) of variable pattern layouts, to a rigid outer frame 500.

[0125] A proof-of-concept model, measuring 173 mm x 173 mm, was built, demonstrating the reversible shading for three continuous modes of layer separation (0%, 50%, 100%). The methods employed for producing include formfinding techniques, parametric 3D modelling, 3D printing and scanning, and experimental testing measuring the shading performance of a scaled mock-up. The preliminary test results showed that light transmittance through the mechanism increased gradually with tuning the air inflation, measuring about 14.6% at the closed state, about 19.8% at the partially open, and about 22.9% at the fully open state. The air volume within the mechanism (measured in millilitres, mL) was nearly zero when closed and was increased progressively to about 79.2 mL at about 50% open and about 128.7 mL at a fully open state. The maximum layer separation, representing the distance between layers of the foil cushion 200, remained constant at 0 mm when closed (0%) but increased to about 20.1 mm at about 50% open and further to about 33.2 mm when fully open (100%). Furthermore, the spring deflection (A max., mm) increased with tuning, showing 0 mm when closed, about 2.2 mm at 50% open, and about 4.6 mm at fully open. The approximate ratio of spring deflection to foil layer separation was about 1 :8. The results provided enough data for a proof-of-concept and showed that 3D printed flexure springs 100 could enable reversible shape transformations of flat patterned foil cushions 200 that would allow for tunable shading mechanisms. The results support the project’s overall goal to advance current adaptive technologies for ETFE constructions and thereby contribute to the development of sensitive building skins that will enhance the lighting and thermal comfort conditions as well as enhance buildings’ energy performance.

[0126] The invention is a mechanism for variable shading of a pneumatic foil construction applied in building envelopes. The invention is composed of three major parts: an air-inflated foil cushion 200, a flexure tension spring 100 (or any other tensioning form-adaptive biasing means), and a rigid frame 500. The cushion 200 itself consists of two highly transparent thin layers of extruded polymer foil. The outer sides of the foil layers are covered with alternating circular patterns of reflective aluminium-based silver frits 201 , which can vary in shape, frequency, ink density, colour, transparency and reflectivity according to different requirements of design and performance. The foil layers are regular squares (may vary in shape, dimension, and proportion according to the building envelope design), sealed airtight at the edges with an air inlet / outlet valve 400 fitted to the upper layer of the cushion 200. The edges of the foil cushion 200 are attached to an extendable flexure spring 100 (or any other tensioning form-adaptive biasing means) with a Keder connection 300 (or any other suitable jointing). The flexure spring 100 itself is connected to a rigid frame or sub-structure 500, which serves as the main structural element containing all other parts of the mechanism.

[0127] The main function of the mechanism is the variable shading that allows tuning to different internal (user) or external (solar) conditions. The underlying principle for the variable and reversible shading is based on separating both foil layers and, by doing so, allowing light rays to penetrate through the transparent foil areas between the overlapping, alternating reflective frit print patterns. The shading pattern for the foil frit print 201 for this invention was devised based on a circle dot array where the lower and upper foil layers overlap and cover approximately 100% in closed condition (the base geometry and pattern array geometry may vary). The larger the gap between the layers and the print patterns, the more light will penetrate; hence, the higher the level of transparency of the entire foil cushion 200. The patterns and optical characteristics of the reflective frit print 201 may vary according to design and manufacturing specifications.

[0128] The key component that allows for layer separation is the deformable cushion edge, which is when air is injected through the valve 400, gradually inflating the cushion 200. The boundary condition of the foil cushion 200, defined by the flexure spring 100 (or any other tensioning form-adaptive biasing means), must be soft enough to allow the deformation required for the cushion shape to form once the air is injected in between the two reflective print coated foil layers, and, stiff enough to pull the membrane 200 back to a flat shape, once the air pressure is released with a valve 400 to act as a self-regulating force system. Separating and closing the gap between the two foil layers is a reversible mechanism, allowing multiple cushion shapes and continuous state transformation that translates into a gradually changing shading mask with different levels of light transmittance according to the print pattern separation of the two foil layers. The main controlling parameter for this mechanism is the air volume injected between the membrane layers.

[0129] The technology of the present invention closely relates to lightweight and pneumatic foil constructions for building envelopes using building materials such as ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE). The printing techniques for the reflective frit patterns on ETFE are related to offset printing techniques. The key component for the reversible shading combined with the inflatable foil cushion is the flexure spring 100, or any other tensioning form-adaptive biasing means, which allows extension under tension in x and y directions and produces sufficient pulling force to reverse the inflated cushion 200 into a two-dimensional flat shape. The flexure spring frame 500 produced for the demonstrator model was 3D printed with conventional PLA materials, yet could also be manufactured with other techniques, such as laser cutting, for the application of other materials more durable in an external environment. The electronic and mechanic sensor and actuator system to operate the shading system with a controlled air inflow and outflow can be transferred with minor modifications or adjustments to the present invention.

[0130] Example 2

[0131] Methods

[0132] The methodology of this example comprised three phases, each addressing specific design, manufacturing, and analysis tasks. Firstly, this study modelled the system and its components, utilising 3D software. Subsequently, this study manufactured the flexure spring 100 and framing components 500 for the foil cushion 200 using 3D printing techniques. The pneu cushion 200 itself was produced through heat impulse welding thin plastic foil. The next step involved assembling the profile frame 500, spring profile, foil cushion 200, and air supply to create the core mechanism of the integrated system. To assess the performance of the developed mechanism, this example conducted illuminance measurements to determine light transmittance at various tuning stages. Additionally, this example used photogrammetry to derive geometric shape deformations of the foil cushion 200 and the flexure spring 100, enabling the generation of 3D models for detailed analysis. Figure 9 shows an overview of the workflow. • Design

[0133] For the core mechanism design, this study used modelling software in combination with the Grasshopper parametric modelling plug-in, which allowed this study to generate flexure spring variations and different shading mask patterns rapidly. For the spring design, this study iterated different section thicknesses and geometries of curvature and length of bending elements that all together define the mechanical qualities and performance parameters of the flexure spring 100, such as stiffness, spring rate, load capacity and deflection. The shading pattern for the foil frit print 201 this study devised based on a circle dot array, where the lower and upper foil layers overlap and cover approximately 100% in a closed condition, allowing more light penetration when the layers are split.

[0134] • Construction

[0135] This study printed the flexure spring frame 500 using a 3D printer with a generic PLA filament material extruded through a 0.4mm wide nozzle. For the two- layer pneumatic cushion 200, this study used a transparent thin PVC foil (t » 100pm) as a substitute material for ETFE, which is unsuitable for a mock-up of this scale. This study welded the foil layers at the edges using a conventional impulse welding machine. Before final sealing, this study fitted an air inlet valve 400 and applied the frit pattern 201 , using silver aerosol spray and a pattern mask.

[0136] • Testing

[0137] During the experimental testing of the manufactured prototype, this study verified the operational functionality by gradually inflating and deflating the foil cushion 200 with a mechanical hand-operated air pump. This study documented the tuning mechanism during operation with video recording. This study proceeded with illuminance measurements to obtain a better understanding of the shading performance. This study measured the illuminance horizontally on both sides of the shielded sample under a reference light source and converted the measured values in lux to percentage in reference to the benchmark measurement. Additionally, this study 3D-scanned the operational mock-up at three different tuning stages. That allowed us to perform much more detailed measurements and analysis in the virtual 3D environment, analysing factors such as (i) layer separation, (ii) foil deformation, (iii) air volume, and (iv) spring deflection. For the scanning process, this study employed an Android smartphone equipped with triple camera lenses and the corresponding mobile app. After scanning, this study utilised a software to edit and analyse the mesh. To facilitate this, this study converted the initial gITF format to OBJ format.

[0138] Results and Discussion

[0139] • Design

[0140] The main challenge for the design was the boundary condition of the foil pneu cushion 200. The flexure spring 100 had to be soft enough to allow the deformation required for the cushion shape to form once the air is injected in between the two reflective print-coated membranes or foils and stiff enough to pull the membranes or foils back to a flat shape, once the air pressure is released with a valve. The results show that separating and closing the gap between the two foil layers is, thanks to the flexure spring 100, indeed a reversible mechanism, allowing multiple cushion shapes and continuous state transformation that translate into a gradually changing shading mask with different levels of light transmittance according to the print pattern separation of the two membranes. The main controlling parameter for this mechanism is the air volume injected between the membrane layers. In Figures 10(a) and 10(b), this study shows the final design of the flexure spring frame 500. The frit pattern design can be seen in Figures 11(a)- 11(c). In Figures 12(a) and 12(b), this study presents the proposed design of the whole tunable system with an exploded and assembled perspective view.

[0141] • Construction

[0142] The automated 3D printing process for the flexure spring frame 500 took approximately 4 hours and 30 minutes, while the manual welding and assembly work of the prototype consisted of more hands-on craftsmanship.

[0143] • Testing

[0144] During testing, the tunable shading mechanism underwent different tuning states (see Figures 13(a)-13(g)), ranging from fully closed (0% open) to partially open (50% open) and fully open (100% open). The corresponding light transmittance through the mechanism increased gradually with tuning, measuring 14.6% at the closed state, 19.8% at the partially open, and 22.9% at the fully open state. The tunable range of 8.3% was, however, still narrow compared to 26.5% and 49,4% achieved in previous studies with elastic foils for infrared and visible light transmission, respectively. Figure 14 shows the raw 3D scans for the three tuning states investigated, whereas Figure 15 depicts the isolated cushion mesh models analysed in the modelling environment. The maximum layer separation, representing the distance between layers of the foil cushion, remained constant at 0 mm when closed but increased to 20.1 mm at 50% open and further to 33.2 mm when fully open. This study noted a minimal hysteresis when transforming from a fully open to a fully closed state with a latency due to the evacuation of air from the pneu chamber. Similarly, the maximum deformation of the foil pneu cushion 200 (measured as the max. radius) presented variations, being nearly flat when closed and with a curvature radius of 91.5 mm at a partially open state and 66.8 mm at a fully open state. The air volume within the mechanism (measured in millilitres, mL) was nearly zero when closed, and it increased progressively to 79.2 mL at 50% open and 128.7 mL at a fully open state. Furthermore, the spring deflection (A max., mm) increased with tuning, showing 0 mm when closed, 2.2 mm at 50% open, and 4.6 mm at fully open. The approximate ratio of spring deflection to foil layer separation was 1 :8, which will have to be increased for larger scales. Overall, these results, comprehensively shown in Table 1 , demonstrate the capability of the tunable shading mechanism in regulating light transmittance and suggest its potential applications in various scenarios requiring adaptable shading solutions for the built environment.

[0145] • Limitations

[0146] In this concept study, this study focused on the development of the core mechanisms for achieving tunable shading. This study still need to demonstrate the encapsulation of the mechanism in another protective set of inflated transparent membrane layers. However, it has been shown in other projects that this is feasible and state of the art in ETFE cushion structures. Another technical problem to solve is an automated control system for the air in and out of the tunable mechanisms and the volume compensation for the inflated encapsulation outer membrane layers when air is injected into the tunable membranes to avoid over-pressurising. Table 1 : Performance parameters of the tunable foil pneu cushion measured in the physical (*) and scanned (**) model at three tuning modes (0%, 50%, 100%), in the x and y centred axis of the models.

[0147] Tuning State Light Layer Foil Air Volume Spring closed-open Transmittance Separation Deformation (milliliter, Deflection (A

[0148] (%)* (<Ref. %)* (max., mm)** (max. radius, mL)** max., mm)** mm)**

[0149] 0 14.6 0 0 0 0

[0150] 50 19.8 20.1 91.5 79.2 2.2

[0151] 10 22.9 33.2 66.8 128.7 4.6

[0152] Conclusion

[0153] Building envelopes that respond to the changes in environmental conditions and react to the comfort requirements of their users is an essential part of a new vision for adaptive buildings that drive developments towards a sustainable future for human habitat. This study explored a novel approach in pneumatic foil constructions, investigating the implementation of a shading mechanism with continuous tunable, reversible capacity. Previous pneumatic tunable mechanisms used elastic foil materials, limiting durability. Our approach uses flexible edge clamping 300, which is suitable for standard ETFE, offering long-term stability and eliminating the need for specialised engineering cutting patterns. By incorporating the flexure springs 100 into the pneumatic foil construction and exploring the feasibility of 3D printing for the flexure spring frame 500, this study assessed the potential for improving the performance of climate-adaptive membrane lightweight building envelopes. Our results of the physical model operation and testing, together with the illuminance measurements, demonstrate the capability of the foil system to reversibly modify the light transmittance for continuous tuning states using the combination of pneumatic actuation and flexure spring mechanisms. These outcomes allowed us to speculate about the adaptability of a unified design across various climate zones and latitudes, suggesting possible benefits for sustainable and efficient construction practices.

[0154] Although an overview of the inventive subject matter has been described with reference to specific example embodiments, various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader scope of embodiments of the present disclosure. Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred to herein, individually or collectively, by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any single disclosure or inventive concept if more than one is, in fact, disclosed.

[0155] The embodiments illustrated herein are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed. Other embodiments may be used and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The Detailed Description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of various embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

[0156] As used herein, the term “or” may be construed in either an inclusive or exclusive sense. Moreover, plural instances may be provided for resources, operations, or structures described herein as a single instance. Additionally, boundaries between various resources, operations, modules, engines, and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in a context of specific illustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality are envisioned and may fall within a scope of various embodiments of the present disclosure. In general, structures and functionality presented as separate resources in the example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or resource. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single resource may be implemented as separate resources. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within a scope of embodiments of the present disclosure as represented by the appended claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

[0157] The foregoing description, for the purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific example embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the possible example embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The example embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles involved and their practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilise the various example embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

[0158] It will also be understood that, although the terms “first”, “second”, and so forth may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the present example embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact.

[0159] The terminology used in the description of the example embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the example embodiments and the appended examples, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0160] As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event]” depending on the context.

[0161] The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely exemplary, and that in fact many other architectures may be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as “associated with” each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being “operably connected”, or “operably coupled”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being “operably couplable”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components, and / or wirelessly interactable, and / or wirelessly interacting components, and / or logically interacting, and / or logically interactable components.

[0162] In some instances, one or more components may be referred to herein as “configured to”, “configurable to”, “operable / operative to”, “adapted / adaptable”, “able to”, “conformable / conformed to”, etc. Those skilled in the art will recognise that “configured to” can generally encompass active-state components and / or inactive-state components and / or standby-state components, unless context requires otherwise.

[0163] While particular aspects of the present subject matter described herein have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications may be made without departing from the subject matter described herein and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the scope of the subject matter described herein. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to”, the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least”, the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to”, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to claims containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and / or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognise that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations”, without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that typically a disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms unless context dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be typically understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”

[0164] With respect to the appended claims, those skilled in the art will appreciate that recited operations therein may generally be performed in any order. Also, although various operational flows are presented in a sequence(s), it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently. Examples of such alternate orderings may include overlapping, interleaved, interrupted, reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplemental, simultaneous, reverse, or other variant orderings, unless context dictates otherwise. Furthermore, terms like “responsive to”, “related to”, or other past-tense adjectives are generally not intended to exclude such variants, unless context dictates otherwise. While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An assembly for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building, characterised in that, the assembly comprising: a resilient means (100) configured for responsively biasing and unbiasing between a biased position and an unbiased position to selectively render or modulate the light transmission across an inflatable foil cushion (200) suspended thereat tunably shadeable at different light transmittance levels.

2. The assembly according to Claim 1 , wherein the resilient means (100) comprises a ratio of a deflection of the resilient means (100) to a layer separation of the inflatable foil cushion (200) of 1 :6 - 1 :10.

3. The assembly according to Claim 1 , wherein the resilient means (100) comprises an end engageable along a periphery of the inflatable foil cushion (200) or a part thereof.

4. The assembly according to Claim 1 , wherein the resilient means (100) includes a plurality of resilient means arranged relative to the inflatable foil cushion (200) thereof.

5. The assembly according to Claim 1 , wherein the resilient means (100) is selected from a group comprising a mechanical spring including a flexure spring, a coil spring, a disc spring, a helical spring and a leaf spring, a geometrically configured spring including a zigzag, Z-like or S-like configuration, a flexible connectors including a wire extension spring, a flexible rope or wire, a pneumatic element including an inflatable pressure tube, an air bag, a toroid, a compressible material including a foam, a metamaterial, and any combinations thereof.

6. The assembly according to Claim 1 , wherein the inflatable foil cushion (200) is releasably connected to the resilient means (100) by a coupling means (300) including a rope-edge clamp.

7. The assembly according to Claim 1 , wherein the inflatable foil cushion (200) is actuated by an air flow through an air valve (400) disposed thereat that causesthe inflatable foil cushion (200) to inflate and deflate to which the resilient means (100) is responsive to.

8. The assembly according to Claim 1 , wherein the inflatable foil cushion (200) comprises transparent foils having disposed with a frit (201) in a predetermined pattern, frequency, colour, reflectivity, ink density, transparency, and opacity.

9. The assembly according to Claim 8, wherein the transparent foils are made of a material selected from a thermoplastic fluoropolymer group including an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene.

10. The assembly according to Claim 8, wherein the frit (201) includes an aluminium-based frit and a ceramic-based frit.

11. The assembly according to Claim 1 , wherein the assembly comprises a stackable enclosure or frame (500) having a cavity whose inner walls are engageable along an opposing end of the resilient means (100) or a part thereof.

12. A method for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building, characterised in that, the method comprising the steps: providing an assembly comprising a resilient means (100) for suspending an inflatable foil cushion (200) thereat; and responsively biasing and unbiasing, by the resilient means (100), between a biased position and an unbiased position to selectively render or modulate the light transmission across the inflatable foil cushion (200) tunably shadeable at different light transmittance levels.

13. A system for variably regulating a light transmission between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building, characterised in that, the system comprising: an assembly comprising a resilient means (100) configured for responsively biasing and unbiasing between a biased position and an unbiased position to selectively render or modulate the light transmission across an inflatable foil cushion (200) tunably shadeable at different light transmittance levels; an air pump having an air output configured for connection to an air valve (400) disposed at the inflatable foil cushion (200);a light sensor; and a microcontroller.

Images