Systems and methods of use for storing biomass

Abstract

An apparatus and method are provided for storing biomass under controlled conditions to preserve sucrose integrity and reduce microbial degradation. The apparatus comprises an improved bioreactor operative under predominantly anaerobic conditions, with agitation controlled to stabilize sucrose levels and pH. In some embodiments, the bioreactor may be operatively connected to a cooling system including a surrounding jacket or recirculation pathway for exchanging heat with a coolant. Additives such as chlorinated water or alkaline solutions may be introduced via auxiliary ports, and sensors or probes may be employed to monitor parameters such as pH, temperature, density, total soluble solids, sugar content, or microbial activity. Automated feedback control may adjust agitation, additive dosing, or cooling to maintain stable storage conditions.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF USE FOR STORING BIOMASSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 691 ,141 filed September 5, 2024, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF USE FOR STORING BIOMASS”, which is specifically incorporated by reference herein for all that it discloses or teaches.FIELD

[0002] Embodiments herein generally relate to improved systems for effectively storing perishable biomass, such as beets (Beta vulgaris), extending the duration of time the seasonal biomass may be stowed.BACKGROUND

[0003] Sugar beets (Beta vulgaris, L) are an important crop with nearly 800,000 tons of biomass (or ‘beet mash’) produced per year. Unfortunately, the perishable nature and seasonal availability of beets pose challenges for long term storage.

[0004] Currently, common practice is to store the sugar beets outdoors in large piles, exposing the crop to environmental fluctuations that can cause quick spoilage. For instance, beet crop stored outdoors can be susceptible to fungal and surface infections. Current practice is to process the beet crop into pulp and juice relatively quickly (e.g., within 120 days) in order to minimize storage requirements and risk of spoilage. However, handling such large crop production for processing due to short shelf-life is not always possible or cost effective and there is a need for improved methods for storing beet crop over long periods of time.

[0005] Some attempts to improve storage of beet crop have utilized anaerobic systems, such as described in U.S. Patent No. 10,214,616, however such systems rely on sequential alkaline and acid treatments that present a number of drawbacks. In particular, the handling and application of strong chemicals introduces safety hazards, environmental risks, and added operational complexity. The process also requires careful control of timing and dosing, as deviations can result in sugar degradation, reduced feed quality, or poor preservation outcomes. As a result, these chemical-intensive methods have seen limited adoption in practice, highlighting a need for simpler, safer, and more cost-effective approaches to long-term anaerobic storage of biomass.

[0006] As such, there remains a need for large-scale systems and methods for effectively and economically storing beet crop, such as processed sugar beet mash, in a stable environment for extended periods of time. It would be advantageous for such systems and methods to be automated, extending the duration of time that the perishable biomass is stored, while maintaining the quality of the biomass (e.g., synergistic preservation of sucrose integrity in sugar beet mash).SUMMARY

[0007] According to embodiments an apparatus and methods of use for storing a biomass are provided, the apparatus including a tank having an upper end, a lower end, and forming an internal chamber, the tank having at least one opening at or near its upper end of receiving the biomass into the internal chamber, a lid, for sealably closing the opening, at least one agitator positioned within the internal chamber, for stirring the biomass, wherein the biomass is stored in the tank in predominantlyanaerobic conditions. In some embodiments, the at least one agitator may be mounted to a rotatable shaft driven by a motor.

[0008] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise a cooling system operatively connected to the tank to supply at least one coolant to maintain a predetermined temperature in the internal chamber. In some embodiments, the tank may further comprise an external sleeve disposed about an outer surface of tank, the sleeve configured to receive the coolant from the cooling system. In some embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise at least one pH meter and at least one temperature probe.

[0009] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise at least one inlet for receiving at least one additive. In some embodiments, the at least one additive is chlorinated water or an alkaline solution.

[0010] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise at least one pulper, operatively positioned upstream of the tank, for processing the biomass.

[0011] In some embodiments, the biomass being stored may comprise a plant or plant-based food crop. In some embodiments, the biomass may comprise beet mash derived from sugar beets.

[0012] In some embodiments, methods of storing a biomass are provided, the methods comprising at least supplying the biomass to an internal chamber of at least one apparatus for storing the biomass, closing the internal chamber to establish predominantly anaerobic conditions, and agitating the biomass within the internal chamber.

[0013] In some embodiments, the methods may further comprise providing a pulper for processing the biomass prior to supplying the biomass to the internal chamber of the apparatus.

[0014] In some embodiments, the biomass may comprise a plant or plantbased food crop. In some embodiments, the biomass may comprise beet mash derived from sugar beets.

[0015] In some embodiments, the methods may further comprise adding at least one additive to the biomass in the internal chamber. In some embodiments, the at least one additive is chlorinated water or an alkaline solution.

[0016] In some embodiments, agitation within the system may be controlled at variable speeds to stabilize both sucrose content and pH of the biomass.

[0017] In some embodiments, the predominantly anaerobic conditions may be maintained at a pH greater than 6, such as within a range of about 6.3 to about 9.3.

[0018] In some embodiments, the methods may further comprise monitoring at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of pH, temperature, total soluble solids, density, sugar analysis, microbial activity, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the methods may comprise adjusting agitation speed, additive dosing, or cooling system operation in response to the monitored parameter to maintain stable storage conditions.

[0019] According to embodiments, methods of storing a biomass are provided, the methods comprising at least supplying the biomass to an internal chamber of an apparatus for storing the biomass, closing the internal chamber to establish anaerobic conditions, and agitating the biomass within the internal chamber, wherein the methodfurther comprises providing monitoring means for monitoring at least one parameter of the biomass, the parameter selected from the group consisting of pH, temperature, total soluble solids, density, sugar content, microbial activity, or combinations thereof, and control means responsive to the monitoring means for adjusting at least one operational parameter of the apparatus, the operational parameter selected from the group consisting of agitation speed, additive dosing, coolant circulation, or combinations thereof, so as to maintain sucrose integrity and stable storage conditions of the biomass.

[0020] In some embodiments, the monitoring means may comprise one or more probes selected from the group consisting of pH probes, temperature probes, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensors, or flow meters.

[0021] In some embodiments, the control means may comprise at least one actuator, valve, or pump operative to regulate the delivery of additives, coolant, or agitation power in response to signals from the monitoring means.

[0022] In some embodiments, the monitoring means may further comprise a window or viewport operative for visual inspection of the biomass within the recirculation pathway of the apparatus.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached Figures.

[0024] Figure 1 shows a perspective side view of a system for storing biomass in predominantly anaerobic conditions for extended periods of time, according to embodiments;

[0025] Figure 2 shows a perspective side view of a tank portion of the system shown in FIG. 1 , the tank portion shown in isolation, according to embodiments;

[0026] Figure 3 shows a side view of the tank portion shown in FIG. 2, according to embodiments;

[0027] Figure 4 shows a perspective side view of the tank portion shown in FIG.2, the tank comprising a lid, according to embodiments;

[0028] Figure 5 shows the same perspective side view of the tank portion shown in FIG. 4, the lid having been removed, according to embodiments;

[0029] Figure 6 shows a top down view of the tank portion shown in FIG. 2, according to embodiments; and

[0030] Figure 7 shows an example schematic of a cross-sectional side view of the tank portion shown in FIG. 2, according to embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0031] According to embodiments, an improved system and methods of use for storing biomass is provided. In some embodiments, the system may be specifically configured to support a biologically stable environment for storing a biomass, automatically controlling and reducing the fermentation of the biomass stored therein while preserving the integrity thereof. In some embodiments, the improved system and methods may be configured to maintain and store biomass having a tough (fibrous) structure, significantly extending the duration that the biomass may be stored by weeks or even months.

[0032] According to embodiments, an improved system and methods of use for storing biomass are provided, the system being operative to store the biomass insubstantially anaerobic conditions, while ensuring that the integrity of the biomass is monitored and maintained. While it was found that biomass stored in entirely anaerobic conditions spoils rapidly, such as when using the system described in US Patent No. 10,214,616, the presently improved systems and methods of use are configured to provide a substantially anaerobic, yet biologically stable, environment to achieve prolonged storage thereof. Without limitation, in some embodiments, the presently improved systems are configured to store biomass having been processed to a pulp having a desired consistency (e.g., density) or smoothness, such biomass being of a sufficient consistency for continuous or near continuous agitation during storage.

[0033] In some embodiments, the presently improved system and methods may be used to prolong the storage of processed (e.g., shredded and / or pulped) beet mash in a substantially anaerobic environment, while maintaining the sucrose integrity of the mash. The present system and methods may be operative to store the biomass under predominantly anaerobic conditions, effectively limiting oxidative reactions. For example, as will be described, to maintain a balance between heat and pressure buildup, the presently improved system may be configured to limit the circulation of air therein. Without limitation, the presently improved bioreactor may be designed to monitor and control reactions occurring therein such as, for example, minimizing the conversion of sugar to alcohol, such control being automated, either in whole or in part.

[0034] Herein, the term ‘biomass’ may be used to refer to plants or plant-based, biodegradable food crop, mash, or ensilage. In some embodiments, biomass maycomprise, without limitation, sugar beets and the like, and to matter containing a high concentration of sugars, e.g., sucrose, glucose, and fructose. These released sugars, derived from the plant’s own biomass, can then be used for sugar production or fermented to create biofuels or biogas, which is a clean energy source.

[0035] As used herein, maintaining the “sucrose integrity” of the biomass refers to preserving the native sucrose content and molecular structure within the plant material, such that it remains chemically intact and is not prematurely hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose, metabolized by microbial activity, or otherwise degraded by enzymatic or chemical reactions. For example, in some embodiments, the rate of sucrose breakdown may be determined by a first-order inversion rate constant (K), which increases under acidic conditions, elevated temperatures, or in the presence of invertase and other enzymes. Accordingly, maintaining sucrose integrity includes operating the system under conditions that minimize the inversion rate constant K, thereby suppressing sucrose hydrolysis and preserving sugar yield for downstream recovery or fermentation.

[0036] Herein, the term “substantially anaerobic” or “predominantly anaerobic” may be used to refer to the present system being operative in conditions in which the concentration of molecular oxygen (O2) is sufficiently low so as not to inhibit or significantly interfere with the activity of anaerobic microorganisms. In some embodiments, “predominantly anaerobic” may be understood as conditions in which oxygen is not completely absent, but maintained below a threshold concentration such that anaerobic metabolic pathways are favoured over aerobic pathways. Suchconditions may allow for minor or transient exposure to oxygen, but not at levels that materially alter the anaerobic fermentation processes occurring within the system.

[0037] In some embodiments, the substantially or predominantly anaerobic conditions may be achieved without a pump, or any air or oxygen being forcefully introduced to or removed from the system. In some embodiments, the system may be exposed to air when a lid is opened, or when vented with a pressure release valve, but may otherwise be sealed from the surrounding environment. However, without limitation, it is desirable that the presently described apparatus and methods of use be predominantly anaerobic.

[0038] The presently improved system and methods of use will now be described having regard to FIGS. 1 - 7.

[0039] According to embodiments, having regard to FIG. 1 , the presently improved system 100 and methods of use may comprise at least one storage apparatus 10, such as a bioreactor, for receiving and storing a biomass therein. In some embodiments, generally, apparatus 10 of system 100 may operably connected to at least one recirculation system 20, at least one cooling system 30, at least one agitator 40 (FIG. 5, shown internal to apparatus 10), and at least one shredder or pulper 50. Advantageously, system 100 may be automated, in whole or in part, enabling the environment within apparatus 10, the recirculation system 20, the cooling system 30, the agitator 40, and the pulper 50, to be efficiently monitored and controlled remotely, in real-time.

[0040] In some embodiments, system 100 may be configured as a closed-loop system in which all operational parameters are automatically monitored andcontrolled. As will be described, each component of the presently improved system 100, including temperature, pH control, oxidation-reduction potential, rotation speed of an agitator, additive delivery, and the like, may operate as an integrated system 100 having automated control architecture. As will be described in detail, system 100 may incorporate appropriate componentry such as temperature sensors, thermocouples, or the like, in communication with a control unit; pH and oxidationreduction potential probes, or the like; variable speed drive motors for regulating agitation; dosing pumps and reservoirs for additives; and one or more heat exchange jackets, coils, or sleeves operably connected to a circulation loop for glycol or other chilling agents.

[0041] In this manner, system 100 may be configured for continuous real-time data acquisition, automated feedback loops, and responsive adjustments through valves, pumps, or actuators to maintain desired setpoints. The integration of these components within a unified architecture ensures stable and optimized environmental conditions within apparatus 10, while minimizing or eliminating the need for manual intervention.

[0042] In some embodiments, having regard to FIG. 7, for the purposes of explanation only, apparatus 10 may be operative as a bioreactor, such bioreactor being configured to receive and store a volume of biomass 11 within a controlled, predominantly anaerobic, environment, for example, in substantially or predominantly anaerobic conditions, i.e., in the absence or low concentration of air or oxygen in relation to the environment.

[0043] In some embodiments, having regard to FIGS. 2 - 6, the at least one bioreactor 10 may comprise a substantially vertical ‘drum’ or tank 12 configured for receiving and containing biomass 11. Tank 12 may comprise a cylindrical body forming an internal chamber 14 (FIG. 5) extending longitudinally therein for containing and storing a volume of biomass 11 . Although a substantially vertical tank 12 is shown, any other size, shape, or configuration of bioreactor 10 is contemplated.

[0044] According to embodiments, and with reference to FIG. 1 , apparatus 10 may be operatively connected to at least one cooling system 30 configured to control and maintain the temperature within internal chamber 14 of tank 12. In some embodiments, tank 12 may be enveloped by a surrounding jacket or sleeve 13 (FIG. 5) through which a coolant (such as glycol, chilled water, or another heat transfer fluid) may circulate. Cooling system 30 may include a supply conduit 31 terminating at an inlet port formed in jacket 13 and a return conduit 32 fluidly coupled to an outlet port of jacket 13.

[0045] In operation, coolant is driven (e.g., by a pump, not shown) through supply conduit 31 into inlet, traverses one or more flow passages defined between jacket 13 and an exterior wall of tank 12, and exits via outlet to return conduit 32 for recirculation to cooling system 30. Cooling system 30 may thereby operate as a closed-loop circuit, delivering the coolant around tank 12 to maintain desired thermal conditions. For example, in some embodiments, the at least one bioreactor 10 may be maintained within a temperature range between 1 - 25°C, or between 5 - 10°C, and preferably at approximately 10°C. Without limitation, it is understood thatmaintaining lower temperatures within internal chamber 14 may serve to reduce the speed of, or even stop, fermentation.

[0046] In some embodiments, the jacketed configuration may allow a cooling agent to be circulated around an external surface of tank 12, acting as a heat transfer medium to add or remove thermal energy as required, thereby stabilizing the temperature within internal chamber 14. Such jacket-based cooling design provides a controllable thermal barrier, reducing or eliminating external temperature fluctuations. However, it will be appreciated that other equivalent temperature-regulating means for maintaining uniform conditions within internal chamber 14 are also contemplated.

[0047] In some embodiments, tank 12 may comprise at least one thermal insulation material 16 (FIG. 7), further preventing heat loss and maintaining process temperatures conducive to microbial growth and thus prolonged storage of biomass 11. Although insulation material 16 is depicted external to jacket 13 for illustrative purposes, any configuration of jacket 13 and insulation 16 effective to optimize temperature regulation within internal chamber 14 is contemplated.

[0048] In some embodiments, system 100 may further comprise a recirculation system 20, operably connected to tank 10, for inducing continued movement of biomass 11 so as to inhibit settling and stratification within internal chamber 14. For example, having regard to FIG. 3, bioreactor 10 may include a recirculation pathway 22 that withdraws biomass 11 from at least one recirculation outlet 22a, conveys biomass 11 through a sealed external piping loop by way of a pump (not shown), and reintroduces biomass 11 into tank 12 via at least one recirculation inlet 22b. In certain embodiments, recirculation pathway 22 is thermally coupled to cooling system 30,such that the recirculating biomass 11 directly exchanges heat prior to re-entry into tank 12.

[0049] Advantageously, such recirculation may serve to maintain biomass 11 in suspension, reducing dead zones and equalizing temperature throughout internal chamber 14. The induced bulk flow thereby stabilizes process conditions and may supplement or obviate at least one agitator (described below). In some embodiments, recirculation pathway 22 may form one or more transparent sections or viewport 23 (FIG. 1 ) and optional sample port, operative to permit real-time visual inspection and sampling of biomass 11 while system 100 remains closed.

[0050] In some embodiments, to enable automated monitoring and feedback control, bioreactor 10 may further comprise in-line sensors and probes disposed along the recirculation pathway and / or within internal chamber 14. Such sensors may include, without limitation, temperature sensors (e.g., thermocouples or resistance temperature detectors), pH probes, oxidation-reduction potential probes, and flow meters. Sensors may be communicatively linked to a control unit or programmable logic controller configured to acquire real-time data, compare such data against predetermined setpoints, and adjust operating parameters accordingly (e.g., modulating coolant flow rate in cooling system 30, recirculation pump speed, valve positions, and the like). In this manner, the integration of recirculation, thermal coupling to cooling system 30, and responsive feedback control ensures that internal chamber 14 is maintained under stable and optimized conditions with minimal manual intervention.

[0051] In some embodiments, and with reference to FIG. 5, bioreactor 10 may comprise at least one inlet or opening 18 configured for the introduction of biomass 11 into tank 12. Opening 18 may be fluidly connected to internal chamber 14 and dimensioned to permit direct charging of biomass 11 into chamber 14. In some embodiments, opening 18 may be located at or proximate an upper region of tank 12 to facilitate gravitational feeding and distribution of biomass 11 within chamber 14, although any inlet means for introducing biomass 11 into tank 12, such as through inlet ports in a sidewall or bottom wall of tank 12, is contemplated

[0052] In some embodiments, having regard to FIGS. 2 and 3, bioreactor 10 may further comprise at least one closure member, such as lid 19, operable to sealably close tank 12. Lid 19 may be configured to maintain internal chamber 14 under substantially anaerobic conditions by isolating chamber 14 from the external environment, thereby minimizing ingress of atmospheric oxygen and reducing the potential for microbial cross-contamination. In this manner, the biological and / or biochemical processes occurring within chamber 14 may proceed under controlled anaerobic or substantially oxygen-limited conditions.

[0053] In some embodiments, lid 19 may further be equipped with a plurality of auxiliary ports or access fittings 15 to permit controlled introduction of liquids or solutions (e.g., additives, buffering agents, or antimicrobial compositions) into internal chamber 14. Lid 19 may also be configured to receive and support one or more probes or sensors operative to monitor and regulate in-line parameters within chamber 14, such parameters including, without limitation, pH, temperature, total soluble solids, density, humidity, and / or pressure. In some embodiments, lid 19 and / or associatedauxiliary ports 15 may further facilitate collection or analysis of biomass 11 for additional assessments, including sugar analysis, microbial activity, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and consistency or texture profiling (e.g., Texture Profile Analysis, TPA). Such integrated features may provide continuous data acquisition for automated process control while maintaining the sealed integrity of chamber 14.

[0054] By way of example, having regard to FIG. 7, lid 19 may sealingly engage opening 18 to define a substantially closed and controlled environment within internal chamber 14. In some embodiments, lid 19 may additionally incorporate one or more one-way ports or vents 17 in fluid communication with chamber 14. Vents 17 and / or opening 18 may be configured to selectively release gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane, or other biogenic gases) generated during metabolic or chemical reactions within chamber 14, while inhibiting backflow of ambient air or contaminants. In certain embodiments, vents 17 and opening 18 may further facilitate passive removal of excess heat generated by exothermic biological processes, thereby contributing to thermal regulation. Preferably, vents 17 and opening 18 may be configured as sterile, unidirectional valves, filters, or membrane assemblies adapted to maintain chamber sterility and preserve the integrity of the ongoing biological processes.

[0055] In some embodiments, bioreactor 10 may optionally include one or more internal baffles, diffusers, or flow-directing structures (not shown) to promote uniform distribution and vertical movement of biomass material into chamber 14.

[0056] In some embodiments, bioreactor 10 may be specifically designed to accommodate water evaporation while maintaining stable operating conditions. For example, lids 19 positioned at the upper region of tank 12 may be configured to bepartially vented, via at least one vent 17, thereby permitting controlled release of pressure and excess heat generated within chamber 14, while still maintaining predominantly anaerobic conditions. Advantageously, such configuration minimizes excessive water loss from biomass slurry 11 , thereby preserving slurry volume and composition, while simultaneously preventing over-pressurization and thermal instability.

[0057] In certain embodiments, bioreactor 10 may be configured to further reduce condensation accumulation at lid 19 or inner wall surfaces of chamber 14, mitigating the risk of localized moist microenvironments that may otherwise promote undesirable microbial growth. In this manner, bioreactor 10 provides improved balance between aerobic and anaerobic operation, avoiding the uncontrolled microbial activity observed under fully aerobic conditions and the instability encountered under fully anaerobic conditions. Accordingly, the present system 100 enables maintenance of predominantly anaerobic conditions, effective pressure and temperature regulation, and reduced condensation, collectively ensuring that the biological dynamics within chamber 14 remain stable and that the integrity of biomass 11 can be preserved over longer periods of time.

[0058] In some embodiments, having regard to FIGS. 5 and 6, bioreactor 10 may comprise at least one mixer or agitator 40 configured to stir biomass 11 contained within chamber 14. For example, at least one agitator 40 may be mounted to a shaft 42 extending vertically into internal chamber 14, and rotatable about a central axis (arrow 43; FIG. 7). Agitator(s) 40 may comprise one or more blades, paddles, impellers, or the like, blades 44 configured to promote continuous and consistentmixing of biomass 11 , thereby preventing settling thereof. In some embodiments, blades 44 of agitator(s) 40 may further be configured to scrape biomass 11 from the internal wall of chamber 14, reducing wall build-up and enhancing bulk mixing efficiency by reintroducing biomass 11 into the central flow.

[0059] In some embodiments, shaft 42 may be operatively connected to a motor 45, or the like, such that the speed, rate, and duration of rotation of shaft 42, and impacting agitation of biomass 11 , can be precisely controlled in real-time. Although embodiments of agitator 20 are described, such description is for explanatory purposes only and any means for preventing settling of biomass 11 within chamber 14 are contemplated.

[0060] In some embodiments, the at least one motor 45 may be mounted externally on an upper surface of lid 19, or in another configuration suitable in the art. In this manner, shaft 42 may pass through a sealed bearing within lid 19 (not shown), maintaining a closed and predominantly anaerobic environment within chamber 14. To maintain the desired revolutions per minute (RPM) during operation, a variable frequency drive (VFD) may be incorporated to allow precise adjustment and control of motor speed. For example, preferably, motor 45 may be operative to withstand extended periods of continuous operation, such as continuous or near-continuous use over 24-hour cycles for periods of weeks or months, without the need for shutdown or maintenance.

[0061] In some embodiments, motor 45 may be programmed to rotate the at least one agitator 40 at a predetermined, optimized speed for continuously mixing biomass 11 , such speed depending upon the amount and density of biomass 11and / or the parameters within chamber 14, e.g., pH, temperature, etc. Without limitation, it is an advantage of the presently improved bioreactor 10 that biomass 11 may be processed or pre-processed prior to introduction into bioreactor 10 such as, into a pulp or pulp-like consistency. For example, without limitation, the biomass may be processed (e.g., pulped, re-pulped) so as to soften, or to break down tough fibrous tissue, to produce a smooth mass resembling a slurry. In this manner, biomass 11 may be continuously or near-continuously agitated during storage, depending upon the density (or consistency) and further upon the parameters within the system during storage. It should be appreciated that the automatic, in real-time, monitoring and control of agitation rates in combination with consistency of biomass 11 and parameters within chamber 1 , enable optimization of bioreactor 10 operation, thus preventing fermentation of biomass 11 and increasing the duration of time that it may be stored

[0062] According to embodiments, bioreactor 10 may further comprise componentry, piping, electronics, and connectors for monitoring and maintaining operating the closed loop environment within internal chamber 14. In some embodiments, monitoring and control of parameters may be automated, in whole or in part, and may be optimized to reduce or stop formation of biomass 11 within reactor 10. In some embodiments, bioreactor 10 may be configured to operative with a realtime feedback control loop, wherein data continuously collected from various sensors, such as temperature, pH, flow rate of cooling agents, and flow rate of biomass 11 through recirculation pathway, is analyzed and used to automatically adjust system parameters. Such a closed-loop control architecture enables dynamic response tochanging conditions within bioreactor 10, maintaining optimal operating conditions, significantly increasing storage times, without the need for manual intervention.

[0063] For example, having regard to FIG. 7, bioreactor 10 may at least be equipped with integrated pH and temperature control systems, via one or more auxiliary port(s) 15, operative to monitor and regulate parameters within chamber 14. In some embodiments, having regard to FIG. 7, at least one pH sensor probe 21 and temperature probe 23 may be positioned at or near lid 19, such that sensor probe 21 and probe 23 remain stable during operation of bioreactor 10 while allowing continuous monitoring and control of parameters therein. Without limitation, any suitable componentry for continuously monitoring and regulating system parameters for slowing or stopping biological processes are contemplated.

[0064] According to embodiments, bioreactor 10 may be operatively connected to at least one shredder and / or pulper 50. For example, bioreactor 10 may be configured to receive biomass 11 supplied from pulper 50, such biomass 11 having been processed or re-processed into a predetermined, desired consistency by pulper 50. In some embodiments, pulper 50 may comprise any suitable equipment for dicing, shredding, or otherwise processing biomass 11 and supplying same to bioreactor 10. Advantageously, system 100 may be configured to operate in either a batch mode, wherein biomass 11 is supplied to bioreactor 10 in discrete quantities, or in a continuous feed mode, wherein biomass 11 is steadily introduced from pulper 50 to maintain ongoing bioprocessing operations.

[0065] According to embodiments, the at least one bioreactor 10 may comprise at least one inlet, via one or more auxiliary ports 15, for receiving at least one additiveinto internal chamber 14. For example, where desired, additives may be added to biomass 11 to enhance agitation, reduce the presence of undesirable microbes, introduce an inoculum, or otherwise maintain sucrose content and integrity. In some embodiments, inoculum may be intentionally introduced under controlled conditions, such as to evaluate the susceptibility of pulp or biomass 11 to microbial attack. Such testing may further serve to assess the potential for reversing the resulting conditions and preserving biomass 11 material, should microbial contamination inadvertently occur.

[0066] Accordingly, the present system 100 and method provide both preventive and corrective strategies for managing microbial dynamics within chamber 14, thereby supporting process stability and product integrity. For example, bioreactor 10 may be configured for the introduction of at least one additive, either continuously or intermittently, such introduction being monitored and controlled automatically, in whole or in part.

[0067] In some embodiments, additives may comprise any material suitable in the art, such as chlorinated water, an alkaline solution, or the like. Preferably, the one or more additives may be introduced at times and in quantities effective to maintain a biomass slurry, preserve sucrose integrity, stabilize pH levels, and / or reduce microbial presence within the slurry (e.g., approximately 3.13 liters of a 60% solution). In some embodiments, pH levels may be optimally maintained at greater than 6, such as within a range of about 6.3 to about 9.3, corresponding to conditions that are slightly acidic through alkaline, with a preferred target of approximately pH 6.5-7.0.

[0068] According to embodiments, the present apparatus 10 and methods of use may be optimized to provide stable, long-term substantially anaerobic storage of biomass 11 (e.g., up to an eight month period), while maintaining sucrose levels of the biomass. In some embodiments, the present apparatus 10 and methods of use may be optimized to control for, at least, pH instability, change in temperature, agitation speeds, and the addition of additives (e.g., alkali, biocide, or the like).

[0069] The foregoing embodiments will now be described having regard to the following EXAMPLES.

[0070] EXAMPLE 1 - Experimental Trial

[0071] According to embodiments, following a preliminary inspection for fungal and surface infection, biomass (e.g., sugar beets) were procured for experimental purposes. Following sorting and grading, the quality of biomass was determined by assessing factors including sucrose content, pH value, and percentage of total soluble solids (TSS; Brix value).

[0072] In some embodiments, having regard to TABLE 1 , the chemical characteristics of the stored beet juice were assessed to determine its quality.

[0073] Table 1 - Qualitative Analysis of Sugar Beet Mash / Pulp

[0074] Preliminary results showed that the beet juice initially contained sufficient sucrose (21 g / 100 ml, 2-3 good beets selected). However, after more beets were crushed, as shown in Table 1 , including both good and affected beets, the sucrose content decreased to about 16.82 g / 100 ml. Most beets attacked by microbes were also internally infected. However, some of the beets were still firm and had only external damage. In some cases, damaged black areas were removed and the remaining beet parts were used to prepare the mash.

[0075] In some instances, a re-evaluation of the chemical characteristics was performed, and the weight of the affected biomass used for analysis was approximately 1745.36 grams, yielding 975 milliliters of juice weighing 1011.3 grams and pulp weighing 733.06 grams. The density of the fresh pulp was determined as 1.125.

[0076] EXAMPLE 2 - Laboratory Trial

[0077] According to embodiments, at least two bioreactors were used, one configured to continuously agitate the biomass being stored, and the other configured to leave the biomass unstirred. Moreover, the biomass was either stored anaerobically or aerobically. As outlined in EXAMPLE 1 , the sucrose, total soluble solids, and density were analyzed, while pH and temperature were near-continuously monitored and maintained.

[0078] A further preliminary inspection for fungal and surface infection of the biomass (e.g., sugar beets) was performed and, as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 , following sorting and grading, the quality of biomass was determined by assessing factorsincluding sucrose content, pH value, and percentage of total soluble solids (TSS; Brix value).

[0079] In some cases, pH levels were observed to decrease rapidly when biomass 11 was stored under strictly anaerobic conditions, whereas such pH levels were observed to remain more stable when biomass 11 was stored under predominantly anaerobic conditions. Advantageously, operating under predominantly anaerobic conditions avoids the extremes associated with fully aerobic or fully anaerobic storage — namely, the uncontrolled microbial activity that tends to occur under aerobic conditions, and the rapid acidification and instability that arise under completely anaerobic conditions (without venting).

[0080] Without limitation, agitation of biomass 11 during storage, and particularly the speed of agitation, may be optimized to stabilize both sucrose content and pH within the biomass. For example, where biomass 11 might comprise a thick consistency with tough fibers, higher agitation speeds of approximately 750 rpm were required, whereas reduced speeds of about 600 rpm were sufficient for smoother mash, and speeds as low as approximately 300 rpm could be employed once the tough fibers had been broken down. In some embodiments, alkali levels may further be adjusted in coordination with agitation to stabilize sucrose levels and pH of biomass 11.

[0081] Although a few embodiments have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments without changing or departing from their scope, intent or functionality. The terms and expressions used in the preceding specification havebeen used herein as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding equivalents of the features shown and the described portions thereof.

Claims

WE CLAIM:1 . An apparatus for storing a biomass, the apparatus comprising: a tank having an upper end, a lower end, and forming an internal chamber, the tank having at least one opening at or near its upper end of receiving the biomass into the internal chamber, a lid, for sealably closing the opening, at least one agitator positioned within the internal chamber, for stirring the biomass, wherein the biomass is stored in the tank in predominantly anaerobic conditions.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one agitator may be mounted to a rotatable shaft driven by a motor.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a cooling system operatively connected to the tank to supply at least one coolant to maintain a predetermined temperature in the internal chamber.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the tank further comprises an external sleeve disposed about an outer surface of tank, the sleeve configured to receive the coolant from the cooling system.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one pH sensor probe and at least one temperature probe.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one inlet for receiving at least one additive.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the at least one additive is chlorinated water or an alkaline solution.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one pulper, operatively positioned upstream of the tank, for processing the biomass.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises a plant or plant-based food crop.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises beet mash derived from sugar beets.

11. A method for storing a biomass, the method comprising: supplying the biomass to an internal chamber of at least one apparatus for storing the biomass, closing the internal chamber to establish predominantly anaerobic conditions, and agitating the biomass within the internal chamber.

12. The method of claim 11 , the method further comprising providing a pulper for processing the biomass prior to supplying the biomass to the internal chamber of the apparatus.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the biomass comprises a plant or plantbased food crop.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the biomass comprises beet mash derived from sugar beets.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises adding at least one additive to the biomass in the internal chamber.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one additive is chlorinated water or an alkaline solution.

17. The method of any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein agitation is controlled at variable speeds to stabilize both sucrose content and pH of the biomass.

18. The method of any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the predominantly anaerobic conditions are maintained at a pH greater than 6, such as within a range of about 6.3 to about 9.3.

19. The method of any one of claims 11 to 18, further comprising monitoring at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of pH, temperature, total soluble solids, density, sugar analysis, microbial activity, or combinations thereof.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising adjusting agitation speed, additive dosing, or cooling system operation in response to the monitored parameter to maintain stable storage conditions.21 . A method for storing a biomass, the method comprising: supplying the biomass to an internal chamber of an apparatus for storing the biomass, closing the internal chamber to establish anaerobic conditions, and agitating the biomass within the internal chamber, wherein the method further comprises providingmonitoring means for monitoring at least one parameter of the biomass, the parameter selected from the group consisting of pH, temperature, total soluble solids, density, sugar content, microbial activity, or combinations thereof, and control means responsive to the monitoring means for adjusting at least one operational parameter of the apparatus, the operational parameter selected from the group consisting of agitation speed, additive dosing, coolant circulation, or combinations thereof, for maintaining sucrose integrity and stable storage conditions of the biomass.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the monitoring means comprises one or more probes selected from the group consisting of pH probes, temperature probes, oxidation-reduction potential probes, or flow meters.

23. The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein the control means comprises at least one actuator, valve, or pump operative to regulate the delivery of additives, coolant, or agitation power in response to signals from the monitoring means.

24. The method of any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the monitoring means further comprises a window or viewport operative for visual inspection of the biomass within the recirculation pathway of the apparatus.

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