Large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing machining apparatus and method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of machining apparatuses. Provided are a large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing machining apparatus and method. The large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing machining apparatus comprises a spindle module, a transmission module, a tooling module and a control module. The spindle module comprises three stages of spindles, which can be cooperatively connected with each other. The transmission module comprises an internal electric motor and a transmission structure, and is configured to drive feed and rotary motions of drill bits of the spindles. The tooling module is configured to quickly and stably clamp an automatic feed drill and a workpiece material. The control module is configured to control drilling parameters, a feed distance and start-stop. In the present invention, by means of a slip coupling, the release of over-constraint of a large-load spline drilling spindle and a rotary spindle is realized, such that high rotary precision and high linear motion precision of a tail end are ensured, and the machining requirements for boring and reaming under large-load conditions can be met. A hole-making apparatus can quickly and stably perform clamping, such that the stability of hole-making efficiency and hole-making precision is ensured, the degree of intelligence is high, and the machining capability is strong.

Description

Large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment and method TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of machining equipment, and particularly relates to a large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lightweight and high-strength carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite materials (CFRP) and alternating load-resistant metal materials (such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, etc.) are preferred for weight reduction and efficiency improvement of high-end aerospace equipment. To ensure high-reliability assembly and high-performance service of CFRP and laminated structures, thousands of high-precision and high-surface-quality connecting holes need to be efficiently machined. Since the hole making process is usually carried out on site, it is limited by space, and traditional numerical control machine tools and industrial robot arms have poor accessibility and are difficult to apply. If necessary, manual and hand-operated machining methods are used, and the feed speed and perpendicularity during drilling need to be controlled depending on the experience of workers, which makes it difficult to ensure the stability of hole making precision. Moreover, when the hole diameter is too large or high-strength materials such as titanium alloy are drilled, the excessive axial force makes it impossible for workers to manually feed, which is low in efficiency and difficult to ensure the machining quality. Therefore, large-load and high-precision automatic feed drilling equipment needs to be applied to aerospace drilling to realize the working conditions that cannot be completed manually.

[0003] Foreign research on automatic hole finishing equipment has been carried out early, and there are many automatic feed drilling products on the market. For example, the AFD drill of Desoutter Company in France adopts a pneumatic motor driving mode, and the power is output to the spindle through gear transmission to realize fixed rotational speed and feed speed. The entire mechanism is driven by a pure mechanical method, which is high in reliability. However, the spindle is provided with a guide drill sleeve, the diameter of the drill is limited by the inner diameter of the guide sleeve, and the drill cannot be clamped, which makes it difficult to meet the demand for large hole drilling. Ge Zhen-tao et al. of Qingdao Front Guard Pneumatic Tool Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd. invented a rotary offset head automatic feed drilling device, with a patent number of CN201920069233.5. The device adopts a pneumatic motor, a two-stage speed reducer, a feed mechanism and an offset head to realize automatic drilling, reaming and reaming in a narrow space. The transmission shaft is connected with the gear box through threads, and the output gear is connected with the drill bit through threads. However, the torque generated by the transmission is small, the stability of the drill bit is low, and the machining capacity is weak, which limits its application in large hole machining. Yang Xin-liang et al. of China Aviation General Technology and Trading Co., Ltd. South China Aircraft Industry Co., Ltd. invented a machining device for aircraft wing-body connecting holes, with a patent number of ZL202223047466.6. The device includes an automatic feed drill, a drill jig and a boring tool. The two ends of the boring tool are connected with the automatic feed drill and the drill guide hole, respectively. The automatic feed drill and the drill guide hole are combined to select appropriate rotational speed and feed speed for machining. The spindle is provided with a drill sleeve. During the drilling process, the drill bit has a large jumping range, and the work is easily affected by the chips, which is not conducive to the stable work of the spindle.

[0004] In summary, in order to meet the requirements of lightweight, stability and precision of the large hole drilling equipment in the aerospace assembly site, a large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment and method with more simple and reliable, large torque and high precision are needed to be developed. SUMMARY

[0005] The large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment and method are provided to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. The large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment comprises a main shaft module, a transmission module, a tooling module and a control module. The spline main shaft is a built-in main shaft, which can perform low-precision rotary motion and linear motion. The spline main shaft is connected with the front main shaft through a sliding coupling, so that the over-constraint between the spline main shaft and the front main shaft is eliminated. The front main shaft and the guide drill sleeve adopt interference fit. The outer surface of the front main shaft is made of a material with low frictional resistance, which can freely slide in the guide drill sleeve. The combination of the front main shaft and the guide drill sleeve can realize high-precision rotary motion and linear motion. The front main shaft is connected with the special tool. By controlling the related keys on the PLC touch screen, the drilling parameters and the feed distance of the drilling material are set, and the variable parameter expansion bending processing of the workpiece is realized.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0007] The large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment comprises a main shaft module 1, a transmission module 2, a tooling module 3 and a control module 4.

[0008] The main shaft module 1 comprises a spline main shaft 101, a sliding coupling 102, a front main shaft 103, a special tool 104 and a guide drill sleeve 105. The spline main shaft 101 is a rear main shaft, which can perform low-precision rotary motion and linear motion. The front main shaft 103 has higher precision than the spline main shaft 101. The end of the spline main shaft 101 is connected with the rear end of the sliding coupling 102 through threads. The front end of the sliding coupling 102 is connected with the rear end of the front main shaft 103 through threads, so that the over-constraint between the spline main shaft 101 and the front main shaft 103 is eliminated. The front main shaft 103 and the guide drill sleeve 105 adopt interference fit. The outer surface of the front main shaft 103 is made of a material with low frictional resistance, which can freely slide in the guide drill sleeve 105. The combination of the front main shaft 103 and the guide drill sleeve 105 can realize high-precision rotary motion and linear motion. The front end of the front main shaft 103 is connected with the special tool 104 through thread fastening, large taper taper surface positioning and special tool 104. The special tool 104 performs cutting motion in a spiral manner. The special tool 104 is composed of a cutting edge, a positioning taper surface and threads, and the machining precision is ensured by the main shaft precision. The front main shaft 103 and the spline main shaft 101 in the main shaft module 1 both play a guiding role. The guiding structures are located inside the feed drill, i.e. on the single side of the workpiece being machined.

[0009] The sliding coupling 102 comprises a coupling rear end 1021, a coupling outer cylinder 1022, a coupling slider 1023, a coupling screw 1024, an angle adaptive rubber gasket 1025 and a coupling front end 1026; the coupling slider 1023 has two mutually perpendicular I-shaped grooves at the front and rear end faces, the coupling rear end 1021 and the coupling front end 1026 are both provided with I-shaped protrusions, the I-shaped grooves are matched with the I-shaped protrusions, the coupling rear end 1021 and the coupling front end 1026 slide in the I-shaped grooves of the coupling slider 1023 respectively, so as to adapt to the radial position deviation of the axis of the coupling rear end 1021 and the coupling front end 1026 within a certain range, the coupling rear end 1021, the coupling outer cylinder 1022 and the coupling slider 1023 can transmit bidirectional torque and bidirectional axial force; the coupling slider 1023 is provided with a threaded hole, the coupling outer cylinder 1022 is connected with the coupling slider 1023 through the coupling screw 1024, so as to constrain the displacement amount of the coupling rear end 1021 and the coupling front end 1026 sliding in the I-shaped grooves, and the angle adaptive rubber gasket 1025 is arranged between the coupling slider 1023 and the coupling front end 1026, so as to adapt to the axial angle deviation of the coupling rear end 1021 and the coupling front end 1026 within a certain range.

[0010] The sliding coupling (102) is a four-degree-of-freedom coupling, which has two translational degrees of freedom in X and Y directions and two rotational degrees of freedom around X and Y axes.

[0011] The transmission module 2 comprises an internal motor and a transmission structure to drive the rotation and feeding movement of the main shaft.

[0012] The tooling module 3 comprises a drill jig plate 301, a front pad 302, a rear pad 304, a workpiece end pressing plate 305 and an optical platform 306; the guide drill sleeve 105 is positioned by a positioning groove of a flange structure between the machine body, and the bolt fastening 5 is realized by a rotary clamping structure to be matched with the cylindrical surface of the drill jig plate 301; the drill jig plate 301 and the workpiece end pressing plate 305 are fixed on the optical platform 306 by screws and are aligned; the bottom of the drill jig plate 301 and the workpiece end pressing plate 305 is provided with a threaded hole, which can be fixed on the optical platform 306 by a screw; after alignment, different types of front pads 302 and rear pads 304 are placed in the middle of the two according to the different sizes of the workpiece 303 to realize the pressing and clamping of the workpiece 303; the tooling module 3 is provided with only one drill jig plate, and the feed drill is fixed from one direction of the workpiece.

[0013] The control module 4 comprises a PLC touch screen 401 and a control box 402; the PLC touch screen 401 is used for setting the drilling parameters, the feeding distance and the start-stop; the touch screen can be used to observe the machining parameters and the running state of the large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment, and the machining parameters can be changed in real time; the electrical signal is transmitted to the machine box through the control box 402 to realize the drilling movement.

[0014] A hole making method of a large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1, using a man-machine interaction device, i.e., a control module 4, setting the drilling parameter 1 of the idle stroke, setting the drilling parameter 2 of the drilling of the metal material workpiece 303, and setting the total feed distance of the transmission module 2 according to the total thickness of the cushion block and the workpiece;

[0016] Step 2, selecting the cushion block and clamping the workpiece; installing the special cutter 104 at the front end of the front spindle 103, clamping the positioning boss of the guide type drill sleeve 105 into the hole of the drill template, rotating and clamping, front end guiding, and the guiding structure is located on one side of the workpiece and inside the guide type drill sleeve; the operator starts drilling by touching the PLC touch screen 401, and the control box 402 calls the drilling parameter 1 to realize the idle stroke feed, and then calls the drilling parameter 2 to drill when the parameter 1 feed is completed;

[0017] The transmission module 2 transmits power to the spline spindle 101, the spline spindle 101 transmits power to the front spindle 103 through the sliding coupling 102, the front spindle 103 is high-precision matched with the guide type drill sleeve 105, the rotation accuracy and linear motion accuracy of the special cutter 104 at the front end are ensured, the special cutter 104 performs high-precision rotation and feed motion, the transmission module 2 completes the total feed distance, and the transmission module 2 drives the spindle module 1 to retreat to the initial position, thereby realizing high-precision cutting of the large-diameter and large-thickness hole.

[0018] The present application has the following advantages: the large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment is driven by a motor to rotate and feed; the spline spindle and the front spindle are connected through the sliding coupling, the over-constraint of the two is released, the spline spindle has high motion accuracy, small disturbance is introduced in the process of transmitting power to the front spindle, the disturbance is further reduced through the sliding coupling, the high rotation accuracy and linear motion accuracy of the front spindle are ensured, the front spindle is interference-fitted with the guide type drill sleeve, pre-pressure exists between the two, the high accuracy of the linear motion of the spindle is realized, and good damping performance is achieved, so that high-precision and high-quality reaming holes are ensured under large load; through the design of the rotating clamping structure on the guide type drill sleeve, the hole making equipment can be quickly and stably clamped, the stability of the hole making efficiency and accuracy is ensured; the guiding structure is located on one side of the workpiece, the cutter installation step is simple and fast, and the preparation time is reduced; the sizes of the drill template, the front cushion block and the rear cushion block are variable, so as to adapt to the hole making requirements of workpieces of different sizes; the equipment is controlled through the PLC touch screen, and has high intelligence; and the whole machine has strong machining capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall machining structure of the large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment;

[0020] Fig. 2 is a half-section schematic diagram of a large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment;

[0021] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a part of the large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment;

[0022] Fig. 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a sliding coupling;

[0023] Fig. 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of a tooling module;

[0024] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a front spindle;

[0025] Fig. 7 is an exploded schematic diagram of the front spindle.

[0026] In the figures: 1 spindle module, 101 spline spindle, 102 sliding coupling, 1021 rear end of the coupling, 1022 outer cylinder of the coupling, 1023 sliding block of the coupling, 1024 screw of the coupling, 1025 angle-adapting rubber gasket, 1026 front end of the coupling, 103 front spindle, 10301 pre-tightening nut of the guide shaft, 10302 anti-vibration ring A, 10303 outer guide sleeve of the bearing, 10304 rolling bearing A, 10305 sealing ring A, 10306 rolling bearing B, 10307 outer guide sleeve blocking ring of the bearing, 10308 sealing ring B, 10309 anti-vibration ring B, 10310 front end blocking ring of the spindle guide, 10311 guide shaft, 10312 drilled cylindrical head screw, 104 special tool, 105 guide drill sleeve; 2 transmission module; 3 tooling module, 301 drill template, 302 front pad, 303 workpiece, 304 rear pad, 305 workpiece end pressing plate, 306 optical platform; 4 control module, 401 PLC touch screen, 402 control box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present application are further described below in combination with the drawings and technical solutions.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] Referring to Figs. 1 to 7, a large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment comprises

[0030] The spindle module 1 comprises a spline spindle 101, a sliding coupling 102, a front spindle 103, a special tool 104, and a guide drill sleeve 105.

[0031] The transmission module 2 comprises an internal motor and a transmission structure for driving the movement of the spindle.

[0032] The tooling module 3 comprises a drill template 301, a front pad 302, a rear pad 304, a workpiece end pressing plate 305, and an optical platform 306 for clamping and installing the workpiece and overall support.

[0033] The control module 4, including a PLC touch screen 401 and a control box 402, realizes man-machine interaction and parameter adjustment.

[0034] In the embodiment, the sliding coupling 102 comprises a coupling rear end 1021, a coupling outer cylinder 1022, a coupling sliding block 1023, a coupling screw 1024, an angle adaptive rubber gasket 1025 and a coupling front end 1026. The coupling sliding block 1023 has mutually perpendicular I-shaped grooves on the front and rear end faces. The coupling rear end 1021 and the coupling front end 1026 both have I-shaped protrusions. The I-shaped grooves and the I-shaped protrusions are matched. The coupling rear end 1021 and the coupling front end 1026 slide in the I-shaped grooves of the coupling sliding block 1023, so as to adapt to the radial position deviation of the axis of the coupling rear end 1021 and the coupling front end 1026 within a certain range. The coupling rear end 1021, the coupling outer cylinder 1022 and the coupling sliding block 1023 can transmit bidirectional torque and bidirectional axial force. The coupling sliding block 1023 has a threaded hole. The coupling outer cylinder 1022 is connected with the coupling sliding block 1023 through the coupling screw 1024, so as to constrain the displacement of the coupling rear end 1021 and the coupling front end 1026 in the I-shaped grooves. The angle adaptive rubber gasket 1025 is arranged between the coupling sliding block 1023 and the coupling front end 1026, so as to adapt to the axial angle deviation of the coupling rear end 1021 and the coupling front end 1026 within a certain range. The threaded end of the spline spindle 101 is connected with the rear end of the sliding coupling 102. The front end of the sliding coupling 102 is connected with the front spindle 103 through threads. The sliding coupling 102 can release the over-constraint of the spline spindle 101 and the front spindle 103, and can eliminate the periodic vibration and other negative effects caused by the axial misalignment of the spline spindle 101 and the front spindle 103. The front spindle 103 and the guide type drill sleeve 105 are in interference fit. The outer surface of the front spindle 103 is made of a material with low frictional resistance, and can slide freely in the guide type drill sleeve 105. The cooperation of the two can realize high-precision rotary motion and linear motion. The front end of the front spindle 103 is fastened by threads, and the large taper taper surface is connected with the special tool 104. The special tool 104 is used for cutting materials, and performs drilling motion according to the spiral advancing motion.

[0035] In the embodiment, the front main shaft 103 is an inner guide arranged inside the guide drill sleeve 105. The inner guide comprises a guide shaft pre-tightening nut 10301, a vibration-proof ring A 10302, a bearing outer guide sleeve 10303, a rolling bearing A 10304, a sealing ring A 10305, a rolling bearing B 10306, a bearing outer guide sleeve stop ring 10307, a sealing ring B 10308, a vibration-proof ring B 10309, a main shaft guide front end stop ring 10310, a guide shaft 10311, and a drill hole cylindrical head screw 10312. The rolling bearing A 10304 and the rolling bearing B 10306 are respectively arranged in the stepped holes on the left and right sides inside the bearing outer guide sleeve 10303 and are in interference fit with the bearing outer guide sleeve 10303. The bearing outer guide sleeve stop ring 10307 is in close contact with the rolling bearing B 10306, separates the rolling bearing B 10306 from the sealing ring B 10308, and prevents foreign matter such as chips and oil stains from entering. The stepped rear end surface of the guide shaft 10311 has a circular groove for installing the sealing ring B 10308, and four evenly distributed threaded holes are opened on the front end surface thereof. The main shaft guide front end stop ring 10310 also has four threaded holes, and the four drill hole cylindrical head screws 10312 are connected to the stepped front end surface of the guide shaft 10311, and the stepped rear end surface of the guide shaft 10311 is in contact with the bearing outer guide sleeve stop ring 10307. The thin end of the guide shaft 10311 penetrates through the rolling bearing B 10306 and the rolling bearing A 10304 and extends out, and is in interference fit with the rolling bearing B 10306 and the rolling bearing A 10304. The guide shaft 10311 has an external thread at the end of the rear end, and the guide shaft pre-tightening nut 10301 is in interference fit with the guide shaft 10311 to provide pre-tightening force for the shafting. The four sealing ring A 10305 are arranged in the outer circular groove of the bearing outer guide sleeve 10303. The vibration-proof ring A 10302 and the vibration-proof ring B 10309 are arranged on the two sides of the bearing outer guide sleeve 10303 and are fixed by using glue. The outer diameter of the vibration-proof ring A 10302 and the vibration-proof ring B 10309 is greater than the inner hole diameter of the guide drill sleeve 10313, and is in interference fit with the bearing outer guide sleeve 10303 and the guide drill sleeve 10313, respectively. Pre-pressure exists between the two vibration-proof rings, and the vibration-proof ring A 10302, the vibration-proof ring B 10309, and the bearing outer guide sleeve 10303 constitute an integral whole and can freely slide in the inner hole of the guide drill sleeve 10313.

[0036] In this embodiment, the drill sleeve 105 is a hollow structure as a whole, and the front spindle 103 extends into the hollow structure after connecting the special tool 104; the special tool 104 is composed of a cutting edge, a positioning conical surface and a thread, and the machining precision is ensured through the spindle precision; one end of the drill sleeve 105 is a flange structure, is fixed outside the machine body, and is internally provided with a positioning groove for ensuring the position and cooperation between the drill sleeve 105 and the machine body; the other end of the drill sleeve 105 is provided with a rotary clamping structure for cooperating with a clamping through hole on the drill template 301; meanwhile, the rotary clamping structure and the expansion reaming drill drawbar cooperate to lock the drill sleeve 105, so as to avoid axial clearance; the drill template 301 is provided with a template hole for axial positioning of the drill sleeve 105; the template hole is provided with a threaded hole for adding an expansion reaming drill drawbar for limiting the movement of the drill sleeve 105 during drilling; different types of front and rear pads 302 and 304 are placed in the middle of the two according to the different thicknesses of the workpiece 303 to realize clamping of the workpiece; and the optical platform 306 provides rigid support for the fixed module as a whole.

[0037] In this embodiment, the control module includes a PLC touch screen 401 and a control box 402; the PLC touch screen is used for setting drilling parameters, feeding distance and start-stop, and the touch screen can be used to observe automatic feeding drilling processing parameters and operating state, can change processing parameters in real time, and transmits signals to internal motors through the control box to realize drilling movement.

[0038] In this embodiment, a hole making method of a large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment is used to make holes on a metal material workpiece, and includes the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: use the man-machine interaction device, i.e., the control module 4, to set the spindle speed, feeding speed and feeding distance and other processing parameters;

[0040] Step 2: install the special tool 104 at the front end of the front spindle 103, clamp the positioning boss of the guide type drill sleeve 105 into the drill template hole, and rotate to clamp, only through front end guidance, the guide structure is located on the single side of the workpiece and inside the guide type drill sleeve; the operator starts drilling by touching the PLC touch screen 401, and the control box 402 calls the drilling parameters to start drilling;

[0041] Step 3: the transmission module 2 transmits power to the spline spindle 101, the spline spindle 101 transmits power to the front spindle 103 through the sliding coupling 102, the front spindle 103 is in high-precision cooperation with the guide type drill sleeve 105, the rotation precision and linear motion precision of the front end special tool 104 are ensured, the special tool 104 performs high-precision rotation and feeding motion, and high-precision cutting machining of the large-diameter and large-thickness hole is realized.

Claims

1. A large diameter, large thickness hole finishing apparatus characterized by, The large-diameter and large-thickness hole finishing equipment comprises a main shaft module (1), a transmission module (2), a tooling module (3) and a control module (4); The main shaft module (1) comprises a spline main shaft (101), a sliding coupling (102), a front main shaft (103), a special cutter (104) and a guide drill sleeve (105); the spline main shaft (101) is connected with the rear end of the sliding coupling (102) through threads at the tail end, the front end of the sliding coupling (102) is connected with the rear end of the front main shaft (103) through threads, and the over-constraint between the spline main shaft (101) and the front main shaft (103) is removed; the front main shaft (103) and the guide drill sleeve (105) are in interference fit, the outer surface of the front main shaft (103) is made of a low-friction material, and the front main shaft (103) can freely slide in the guide drill sleeve (105); the combination of the front main shaft (103) and the guide drill sleeve (105) can realize high-precision rotary motion and linear motion; the front end of the front main shaft (103) is connected with the special cutter (104) through thread fastening and large taper taper surface positioning, and the special cutter (104) performs cutting motion in a spiral manner; the special cutter (104) is composed of a cutting edge, a positioning taper surface and threads, and the machining precision is ensured through the main shaft precision; the front main shaft (103) and the spline main shaft (101) in the main shaft module (1) both play a guiding role, and the guiding structure is located inside the feed drill, i.e. on one side of the workpiece (303); The transmission module (2) comprises an internal motor and a transmission structure to drive the rotary motion and the feeding motion of the main shaft; The tooling module (3) comprises a drill template (301), a front pad (302), a workpiece (303), a rear pad (304), a workpiece (303) end pressing plate (305) and an optical platform (306); the guide drill sleeve (105) and the machine body are positioned through a flange structure and a positioning groove, and the bolt fastening (5) realizes the column surface cooperation with the drill template (301) through a rotary clamping structure; the drill template (301) and the workpiece (303) end pressing plate (305) are fixed on the optical platform (306) through screws and are aligned; the bottoms of the drill template (301) and the workpiece (303) end pressing plate (305) are provided with threaded holes, and can be fixed on the optical platform (306) through screws; after alignment, different types of front pads (302) and rear pads (304) are placed in the middle of the two according to the different sizes of the workpiece (303) to realize the pressing and clamping of the workpiece (303); the tooling module (3) is provided with only one drill template, and the feed drill is fixed from one direction of the workpiece (303); The control module (4) comprises a PLC touch screen (401) and a control box (402); the PLC touch screen (401) is used for setting the drilling parameters, the feeding distance and the start-stop, and transmits electrical signals to the machine box through the control box (402) to realize the drilling motion.

2. The large diameter, large thickness hole finishing apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The sliding coupling (102) comprises a coupling rear end (1021), a coupling outer cylinder (1022), a coupling slider (1023), a coupling screw (1024), an angle adaptive rubber gasket (1025) and a coupling front end (1026); the coupling slider (1023) has two mutually perpendicular I-shaped grooves on the front and rear end faces, the coupling rear end (1021) and the coupling front end (1026) are each provided with an I-shaped protrusion, the I-shaped grooves are matched with the I-shaped protrusions, the coupling rear end (1021) and the coupling front end (1026) slide in the I-shaped grooves of the coupling slider (1023) respectively, so as to adapt to the radial position deviation of the axis of the coupling rear end (1021) and the coupling front end (1026) within a certain range, the coupling rear end (1021), the coupling outer cylinder (1022) and the coupling slider (1023) can transmit bidirectional torque and bidirectional axial force; the coupling slider (1023) is provided with a threaded hole, the coupling outer cylinder (1022) is connected with the coupling slider (1023) through the coupling screw (1024), so as to constrain the displacement amount of the coupling rear end (1021) and the coupling front end (1026) sliding in the I-shaped grooves, and the angle adaptive rubber gasket (1025) is arranged between the coupling slider (1023) and the coupling front end (1026), so as to adapt to the axial angle deviation of the coupling rear end (1021) and the coupling front end (1026) within a certain range.

3. The large diameter, large thickness hole finishing apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The sliding coupling (102) is a four-degree-of-freedom coupling, which has two translational degrees of freedom in X and Y directions and two rotational degrees of freedom around the X and Y axes.

4. The large diameter, large thickness hole finishing apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The front main shaft (103) is an internal guide arranged in the guide type drill sleeve (105); the internal guide comprises a guide shaft pre-tightening nut (10301), a vibration-proof ring A (10302), a bearing outer guide sleeve (10303), a rolling bearing A (10304), a sealing ring A (10305), a rolling bearing B (10306), a bearing outer guide sleeve stop ring (10307), a sealing ring B (10308), a vibration-proof ring B (10309), a main shaft guide front end stop ring (10310), a guide shaft (10311) and a drill hole cylindrical head screw (10312); The rolling bearing A (10304) and the rolling bearing B (10306) are respectively arranged in the stepped holes on the left and right sides in the interior of the bearing outer guide sleeve (10303) and are in interference fit with the bearing outer guide sleeve (10303); the bearing outer guide sleeve stop ring (10307) is tightly attached to the rolling bearing B (10306), separates the rolling bearing B (10306) from the sealing ring B (10308) and prevents the cutting chips and oil stains outside from entering. The stepped rear end surface of the guide shaft (10311) has a circular groove for installing a sealing ring B (10308), and four evenly distributed threaded holes are opened on the front end surface. The guide shaft guide front end ring (10310) also has four threaded holes, which are connected to the stepped front end surface of the guide shaft (10311) through four drilled cylindrical head screws (10312). The stepped rear end surface of the guide shaft (10311) is connected to the bearing outer sleeve stop ring (10307). The thin end of the guide shaft (10311) passes through the rolling bearing B (10306) and the rolling bearing A (10304) and extends out, and the rolling bearing B (10306) and the rolling bearing A (10304) are in interference fit. The rear end of the guide shaft (10311) has external threads, and the guide shaft pre-tightening nut (10301) is matched with the guide shaft (10311) through the external threads to provide pre-tightening force for the shafting. Four sealing rings A (10305) are installed in the circular groove on the outside of the bearing outer sleeve (10303). The anti-vibration ring A (10302) and the anti-vibration ring B (10309) are installed on both sides of the bearing outer sleeve (10303) and are fixed by using adhesive. The outer diameter of the anti-vibration ring A (10302) and the anti-vibration ring B (10309) is greater than the inner hole diameter of the guide drill sleeve (10313), and they are in interference fit with the bearing outer sleeve (10303) and the guide drill sleeve (10313), respectively, and there is a pre-pressure between them. The anti-vibration ring A (10302), the anti-vibration ring B (10309) and the bearing outer sleeve (10303) form an integral whole and can freely slide in the inner hole of the guide drill sleeve (10313).

5. A method of hole making with a large diameter and large thickness hole finishing apparatus, characterized by, The method for drilling holes in a metal material workpiece (303) comprises the following steps: Step 1: Use the man-machine interaction device, i.e. the control module (4), to set the drilling parameter 1 for idle feed, set the drilling parameter 2 for the workpiece (303), and set the total feed distance of the transmission module (2) according to the total thickness of the cushion block and the workpiece (303); Step 2: Select the cushion block and clamp the workpiece (303); install the special tool (104) at the front end of the front-mounted spindle (103), and clamp the positioning boss of the guide drill sleeve (105) into the hole of the drill template, then rotate and clamp, guide from the front end, and the guide structure is located on one side of the workpiece (303) and inside the guide drill sleeve; the operator starts drilling by touching the PLC touch screen (401), and the control box (402) calls the drilling parameter 1 to realize idle feed. When the drilling parameter 1 feed is completed, the drilling parameter 2 is called to drill; The transmission module (2) transmits power to the spline spindle (101), the spline spindle (101) transmits power to the front-mounted spindle (103) through the sliding coupling (102), the front-mounted spindle (103) is in high-precision fit with the guide drill sleeve (105), which ensures the rotation accuracy and linear motion accuracy of the front-end special tool (104), the special tool (104) performs high-precision rotation and feed motion, the transmission module (2) completes the total feed distance, and the transmission module (2) drives the spindle module (1) to retreat to the initial position, realizing high-precision cutting of large-diameter and large-thickness holes.

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