Device for at least one solar module

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (10) for at least one solar module (20), the device (10) having a fastening section (11) for fastening the device (10) in a region of the at least one solar module (20), and the device (10) having at least one cover element (12) for covering a surface (21) of the at least one solar module (20), the cover element (12) being designed to be expandable in order to increase a surface (21) of the at least one solar module (20) that can be covered by means of the cover element (12), and the cover element (12) being designed to be retractable in order to reduce the surface (21) of the at least one solar module (20) that can be covered by means of the cover element (12).

Description

Luketina, Igor Our reference number: C11630WO / AFE DEVICE FOR AT LEAST ONE SOLAR MODULE TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The invention relates to a device for at least one solar module, a method for operating such a device, an arrangement with at least one solar module and at least one such device attached thereto, and a system with at least two such devices. BACKGROUND

[0002] Surfaces used for solar energy generation by solar power systems, such as photovoltaic and solar thermal systems, are particularly susceptible to high levels of soiling from deposits, especially, but not exclusively, in arid regions. Solar modules experience energy losses due to a phenomenon known as "soiling." Soiling refers to the accumulation of dirt, dust, sand, bird droppings, leaves, and other foreign materials on the surface of solar modules. Specifically, soiling refers to dew-induced soiling, which describes the deposition and partial detachment of dirt particles from surface dew. This can lead to numerous problems.

[0003] Dew-induced soiling in the context of photovoltaic (PV) or solar systems refers specifically to the soiling of PV modules by dirt particles that adhere to the solar panels due to dew. This type of soiling occurs when nighttime dew condenses on the surfaces of the solar modules, picking up dirt particles from the air or dust already present on the modules. Once the dew evaporates, it leaves the dirt particles behind on the solar modules, which can lead to a reduction in light transmission and thus to a decrease in the PV system's performance. One of the numerous problems mentioned is that dirt and deposits block incoming sunlight, thereby permanently reducing the energy production of the solar cells in the solar modules.

[0004] Another of these problems is uneven soiling, which can lead to so-called "hot spots." Hot spots are areas on a solar module that heat up more intensely due to uneven sunlight exposure. This can shorten the lifespan of the affected solar module and, in extreme cases, even lead to a fire.

[0005] To maintain the efficiency of the solar power system and avoid the problem of hot spot formation, the solar modules can be cleaned regularly. However, this can lead to increased maintenance costs, especially in areas prone to heavy soiling. Cleaning typically uses large quantities of water, resulting in high water consumption for cleaning soiled solar module surfaces. Particularly in arid regions, the necessary quantities of water are often unavailable or would have to be obtained at considerable expense. AFE

[0006] Another problem is that some types of deposits, especially bird droppings or aggressive chemicals, damage the surface materials of the solar modules if they are not removed in time.

[0007] Soiling can also complicate the monitoring and analysis of solar power system performance, as the actual output of the modules is affected by the soiling. This leads to inaccurate performance monitoring.

[0008] To combat these problems, various solutions have been proposed, including self-cleaning coatings, automated cleaning systems, and advanced monitoring systems that can detect soiling and trigger alarms. Despite these advances, however, soiling remains a major challenge for the solar industry, particularly in dusty or dry regions.

[0009] The disadvantage of known solutions against soiling is that they often incur additional costs, consume local water resources, require regular maintenance, mechanically stress or even damage the surface of the solar modules, and are not always effective in all environments or under all conditions. Conventional methods rely on coatings or dry and wet cleaning, which are carried out either manually or automatically, sometimes using chemicals.

[0010] One well-known solution is automated cleaning systems. However, the cost of installing and operating such systems is a major drawback. Automated cleaning systems can also present maintenance challenges, especially if they contain mechanical parts. In arid regions, the high water consumption for cleaning can be problematic. Furthermore, intrusive cleaning processes can damage the surface, which, particularly after several cycles, can lead to reduced transmissivity of the solar panel surface and consequently lower energy yield. Daytime cleaning processes can exacerbate problems such as reduced yield and the formation of hotspots due to shading.

[0011] Self-cleaning coatings typically suffer from a limited lifespan. The coating's effectiveness usually diminishes over time. Furthermore, applying the coating can incur significant additional costs. In addition, some coatings can potentially impair the light transmission of solar modules, thus reducing energy yield. Finally, coatings are typically inefficient, especially without additional water exposure, where their effectiveness is usually severely limited.

[0012] In contrast, manual cleaning is very labor-intensive and can be very costly, especially with regular use and in large solar parks. Furthermore, manual cleaning carries the risk of potential damage to the solar modules due to improper cleaning. Intrusive cleaning processes, in particular, can cause surface damage, which, especially after several cycles, leads to reduced transmissivity of the solar module panel surface. This can result in a lower yield. During daytime cleaning processes, shading can exacerbate problems such as reduced yield and hotspots.

[0013] Another solution involves electrodynamic screens. However, the energy required to operate these screens reduces the overall yield of the solar array. Furthermore, integration into existing solar systems can be very complex and costly. In addition, the screens' efficiency is limited because they are only effective against certain types of dirt.

[0014] Monitoring systems generally offer optimization, especially when combined with other solutions. However, high installation and maintenance costs are a problem here as well. Furthermore, false alarms can lead to unnecessary actions, such as cleaning, which in turn reduces efficiency or increases resource consumption.

[0015] While the aforementioned solutions can help reduce the negative effects of soiling in solar power plants, they are not without disadvantages.

[0016] Therefore, there remains a need for an innovative solution that is cost-efficient, resource-saving, low-maintenance, and effective in a variety of environments and conditions. SUMMARY

[0017] The present invention advantageously provides a device for at least one solar module, a method for operating such a device, an arrangement with at least one solar module and at least one such device attached thereto, and a system with at least two such devices, by which solar modules can be protected from soiling in a cost-effective and low-maintenance manner in a variety of environments and conditions.

[0018] The invention is defined in the independent claims. Advantageous further developments or embodiments are specified in the dependent claims and in the preceding and following description and disclosure.

[0019] A first aspect of the invention relates to a device for at least one solar module. The device may have a mounting section for attaching the device to a region of the at least one solar module. The device may have at least one cover element for covering a surface of the at least one solar module. The cover element may be expandable, in particular to increase the surface area of ​​the at least one solar module that can be covered by the cover element. The cover element may be retractable, in particular to reduce the surface area of ​​the at least one solar module that can be covered by the cover element.

[0020] The invention advantageously provides a device that can be attached to, and in particular coupled to, at least one solar module, and comprises an expandable and retractable cover element for selectively covering a surface of the at least one solar module. By means that the cover element covers the surface of the By covering at least one solar module, particularly if it is positioned just above or resting on the surface of the solar module, the cover element can protect the solar panel surface from soiling. Expanding the cover element can be beneficial, for example, when heavy soiling is expected, when there is little or no sunlight (e.g., at night), or when the affected solar module is out of service (e.g., for maintenance).

[0021] Accordingly, the device can very effectively protect at least one solar module from soiling. By reducing the soiling rate on solar modules and the associated increase in the energy efficiency of the solar power systems, the device represents an efficient and cost-effective solution that reduces cleaning and maintenance costs for solar modules while simultaneously optimizing electricity production. In particular, the device has a simple design and can be easily installed by attaching it to at least one solar module. It can also be retrofitted to existing solar modules. Furthermore, the device, or a system with multiple devices, can be modular. In other words, the devices can be designed as modules or cover modules, allowing for the easy use of multiple devices or cover modules to cover several solar modules, especially an entire solar park.

[0022] The invention addresses the main characteristics of dew-induced soiling. One of these main characteristics is its origin: Soiling occurs primarily in regions with frequent dew, especially in the mornings. Another main characteristic is particle adhesion: Dew acts as an adhesive for fine dust particles that settle on the modules. A further main characteristic is power reduction: Soiling can reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the solar cells, resulting in lower energy production. Finally, a key characteristic is cleaning: Dew-induced soiling may require specific cleaning measures, as rainfall in such regions is too infrequent to adequately remove dirt or may not be sufficient to completely eliminate the adhering dirt. The invention can also provide measures for this, for example, in the form of one or more cleaning elements.

[0023] In particular, the device can optionally include one or more cleaning elements, which are specifically designed to clean the surface of the solar module during expansion and / or retraction. For example, a cleaning element can be in the form of a brush. A brush can be attached to one end of the cover element. The brush can extend through the end. The cleaning element, especially the brush, can be designed for continuous contact with the surface of the solar module. In particular, such a cleaning element can remove contaminants by expanding and retracting, or in other words, by extending and retracting, the cover element. Additionally or alternatively, it is possible to attach other cleaning elements, such as fluid nozzles, especially compressed air nozzles, to the cover element or its moving parts, which are used during the Expanding and / or contracting a fluid, such as air, blows it onto the surface and removes unwanted particles. Another example is wet cleaning, which is achieved by spraying water or another liquid from nozzles or syringes attached to the cover element. A combination of different cleaning elements is also possible.

[0024] The terms "fastening section," "cover element," "expandable," and "retractable" are to be interpreted broadly. This means, for example, that the fastening section can be designed in any way, such as for force-fit, form-fit, and / or material-fit fastening or attachment within the area of ​​the at least one solar module. "Within the area of ​​the at least one solar module" can specifically mean that the fastening section is attached to or fastened to the at least one solar module. Accordingly, the cover element can be expanded and retracted directly on the solar module. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible that the fastening section is designed for fastening or attachment to a solar module mounting or structure, such as a solar module substructure.Such a solar module structure can attach the solar modules to the ground or subfloor and raise and secure them relative to the ground. The solar module structure can, for example, include poles and the like that extend into the ground or are attached to the ground, such as a concrete slab. Alternatively or additionally, the mounting section for attachment to or on a surface, particularly a subfloor, is located under or next to the solar module, especially a solar module structure. In this case, the device can also be constructed separately, but within the area of ​​at least one solar module, in such a way that the cover element can still cover the surface of the solar module.The fastening section can be made of or comprise any material, such as plastic, a metallic material, and the like. Furthermore, this means, for example, that the cover element can be designed as any type of cover element, particularly two-dimensional or at least two-dimensionally expandable. For example, the cover element can be a sheet or any other flat or flat expandable element, or a solid body. The cover element can be made of any material or material mix, such as plastic, a renewable raw material, in particular a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, or similar, a metallic material, or anything else.The cover element can, for example, consist of one or more layers or strata, which may comprise the same material or the same material mix, or different materials or material mixes. Furthermore, the cover element may include one or more additional elements, such as rods, ropes, grids, sliding elements, stiffeners, eyelets, edges, and / or similar components. Furthermore, "expandable" means, for example, arbitrarily expandable, in particular at least one-dimensional or two-dimensional, spreadable, and / or extendable, for example, inflatable, rollable, expandable, and / or extendable. One-dimensional means that the expansion is limited to a single dimension. The movement occurs in a spatial direction, such that the cover element extends in two spatial directions, particularly directions orthogonal to each other. For example, an actuator can extend the cover element in one direction, thereby expanding it along its length, while simultaneously spreading it in a width direction orthogonal to its length. Similarly, retractable means, for example, arbitrarily, in particular at least one-dimensional or two-dimensional, retractable and / or shrinkable, for example, rollable, collapsible, and / or retractable.

[0025] The term "solar module" is to be interpreted and understood broadly in this context. The device can be designed for at least one solar module. Specifically, the mounting section can be configured for attaching the device to at least one solar module. This mounting section can be designed, dimensioned, or otherwise adapted to be attached to a standard, typical, or various solar modules. In particular, the mounting section can be designed to correspond to the geometries and / or technical features of the at least one solar module, for example, on an edge section and / or on the underside of the at least one solar module.Furthermore, the covering element can be specifically designed to cover a surface of at least one solar module, and can be dimensioned accordingly and / or configured to cover the surface just above and / or resting on the surface of the at least one solar module. On the other hand, the device can also be used or configured for other applications, particularly in addition to solar modules. For example, the device can also be used for roofs or roof surfaces, facades or facade surfaces, and the like of buildings, for example, made of glass, as in greenhouses, or other sensitive or clean structures. Such roofs, facades, and the like can themselves be designed as solar modules by integrating solar cells into them.Furthermore, this can be at least one solar module from any type of system, such as a photovoltaic system, a solar thermal system, and similar systems. A conventional photovoltaic system converts sunlight directly into electrical energy, while a solar thermal system, typically using solar thermal collectors, utilizes solar energy to heat water or another medium. The system can be integrated into a solar park, which is typically built on large areas such as former agricultural or industrial brownfield sites, or other extensive areas, for example, in regions with many hours of sunshine, such as deserts. However, such systems can also be used on or integrated into roofs or facades. Moreover, the solar module can be designed in any way with regard to geometry and / or technology. Normally, however, a solar module has several solar cells for generating electrical energy when exposed to sunlight.These solar cells can be arranged horizontally next to each other and embedded between one or more flat layers or elements of the solar module. The solar cells therefore do not have to be directly on the surface of the solar module; instead, they can be protected by an overlying protective layer. The solar module can be made of materials such as glass or plastic. It can be designed as a solar panel or comprise a solar panel containing the solar cells. The surface of the solar module can be formed on such a solar panel. The surface of the solar module referred to herein is, in particular, the effective surface of the solar module. This means that it is the surface on or beneath which the solar cells are located, such that solar radiation incident on this surface leads to the generation of solar energy.

[0026] Furthermore, in this context, "solar module" means at least one, two, three, or more, in particular any number, solar modules. Specifically, an array of solar modules may be provided. This means that the device may also be designed for attachment to multiple solar modules, using the same mounting section or multiple mounting sections, and / or may have a cover element that, by expanding, can cover the surface of multiple solar modules and, by retracting, can leave the surface of multiple solar modules uncovered. Several solar modules may be combined to form a solar module assembly, which in turn may, for example, have a stand or mounting structure for setting up or attaching the solar modules, for example, on the ground or to another structure, such as a roof.

[0027] The cover element can have a first position to leave a predominant, and in particular substantially complete, surface of the solar cells of the at least one solar module uncovered. The cover element can have a second position to cover a predominant, and in particular substantially complete, surface of the solar cells of the at least one solar module. "Substantially complete" means at least 90% or at least 95% of the surface. Accordingly, the cover element can optionally assume either the first or the second position to prevent soiling or to enable energy generation by the at least one solar module. In addition to these two positions, it can optionally be provided that the cover element can assume any other position in between, in particular an intermediate position in which the surface of the at least one solar module is partially covered.

[0028] A surface of the cover element can be designed for condensation and / or water collection. The device can include a collection section designed to gather the condensed and / or collected water by gravity and / or when the cover element is retracted. For example, the surface of the cover element can be designed to allow atmospheric water or water vapor to condense on its surface. Additionally or alternatively, the surface of the cover element can be designed to collect rainwater. "Collecting" here means that the water is held at least temporarily, but not necessarily for a specific duration or permanently.Thus, collection and / or gathering can, for example, include the collected water being conveyed by gravity directly into the collection section and / or a drainage channel, in order to be collected there and / or discharged from there. The collection section can have any geometry and size to collect the condensed and / or collected water, at least temporarily. For example, the collection section can be located within a housing of the device, form part of the housing, or be separate from it. In particular, the device can be configured so that, viewed in the direction of gravity, it can be attached or is attached below the at least one solar module. This makes it particularly easy to collect the water in the collection section, as it can flow into it by gravity. Alternatively, the device can also be attached in another way, for example, viewed in the direction of gravity above or to the side of the at least one solar module.In this case, but also otherwise, the device can be set up to collect the water condensed and / or collected on the surface of the cover element in the collection section when the cover element is retracted.

[0029] By creating the possibility of collecting condensed water or dew, especially at night, and / or rainwater, a factor that normally promotes soiling is transformed into a renewable water source. This solution is particularly valuable, but not exclusively so, in arid regions where soiling is a major problem and water is scarce. The collected water can be used in a variety of ways, for example, for manually or automatically cleaning the surfaces of solar modules, if such cleaning is planned. Alternatively or additionally, the water could be used in agrivoltaics, if such an application is planned. Other applications, even beyond solar power systems, are also conceivable.

[0030] The device can have at least one scraper element, which can be configured to scrape the water off the surface of the cover element during retraction of the cover element in such a way that the water is collected in the collection section. The scraper element can, for example, be designed as an elongated scraper element that extends or is arranged over substantially the entire length or width of the cover element. This allows the scraper element to scrape off, or in other words, pull back, the entire cover element during retraction to direct the water into the collection section. The collection section can be arranged relative to the at least one scraper element in such a way that the water is collected in the collection section. For example, the collection section can be arranged in front of the scraper element, opposite to the direction of retraction of the cover element, and / or extend in front of the scraper element.The use of multiple wiper elements, for example in a row, is also possible. The wiper element can be made of any material, such as rubber or a synthetic rubber material. The wiper element can be designed similarly to wiper elements on vehicles, for example, to wipe the water from the surface of the cover element into the collection section. The wiper element can be designed, for example, as a lip or a lip wiper, such as a rubber lip wiper.

[0031] The device can have opposing sealing elements. The device can be configured such that the cover element is contacted by the opposing sealing elements during retraction. The sealing elements can, for example, be designed as elongated sealing elements or gaskets that extend or are arranged over a substantially or nearly entire length or width of the cover element, and in particular, are arranged parallel to each other. This allows the sealing elements to seal the substantially or nearly entire cover element during retraction, preventing contaminants on the cover element, such as feces, sand, and the like, from entering the device, especially its interior or a housing into which the cover element can be retracted. This results in a low-maintenance device.The sealing elements can be arranged relative to a wiper element such that they are positioned opposite to the direction of retraction of the cover element, particularly in front of the wiper element. Alternatively, they can also be arranged behind the wiper elements. The use of several pairs of opposing sealing elements, for example in a row, is also possible. The sealing elements can be made of any material, such as rubber or a rubber compound. For example, the sealing elements can be designed as sealing rubbers.

[0032] The collection section can be at least partially a drainage channel, in particular, it can be shaped at least partially as such. Alternatively, the collection section can be configured or connected to a drainage channel. For example, the collection section can have a connection section for a drainage channel, such as a pipe connection section, a flange, or the like. This allows the water collected, at least temporarily, in the collection section to be discharged through the drainage channel, in particular into a central collection basin or container where water from several devices with different solar modules or solar module arrangements can be collected. In this context, solar module arrangements are understood to mean, in particular, several solar modules connected together or otherwise arranged next to one another, especially with their surfaces in contact with each other.The solar modules of the solar module arrangements can optionally be electrically interconnected or at least connected to a central energy generation unit and / or energy distribution unit.

[0033] The device can have a housing into which the cover element can be at least partially retracted. This allows the retracted cover element to be protected from external environmental influences, especially UV radiation, when it is not being used to protect the surface of one or more solar modules from soiling and, optionally, for water collection.

[0034] The device can, in particular, include a cover element for covering the surfaces of several interconnected solar modules. Several interconnected solar modules can also be referred to as a solar module array. Accordingly, the cover element can be dimensioned such that it covers several surfaces in the lateral direction and / or in The cover element can cover longitudinally arranged solar modules of the solar module array. The cover element, particularly in conjunction with the housing, can extend horizontally over two or more solar module lengths or widths, and / or the cover element can extend horizontally in the second, particularly expanded, position over two or more solar module lengths or widths.

[0035] The device can include an actuator configured to expand and / or retract the cover element. Alternatively or additionally, the device can also be operated manually, in particular the cover element can be manually expanded and / or retracted. However, the expansion and / or retraction can also be automated by an actuator, especially an electromechanical actuator. An electric motor, for example, can serve as the actuator. Alternatively or additionally, an electromechanically rotatable shaft, such as one rotatable by an electric motor, or another electromechanical element can be used to enable the expansion and / or retraction, for example, an electromechanically extendable or expandable element. The use of cables is also possible, allowing one actuator to operate multiple devices or cover elements.For example, a pneumatic element such as a pump for inflating the cover element for expansion and retraction is also possible, especially if the cover element is inflatable.

[0036] It is also possible, or alternatively, that the device is configured to passively and / or automatically retract the cover element, in particular by means of a retraction element. The automatic retraction, or in other words, the retraction, can be achieved, for example, gravimetrically, for instance, through the arrangement and / or design of the device, particularly with the retraction element, and / or via the retraction element itself. For example, a mechanical energy storage element, such as a retraction spring, can be provided in the device as the retraction element. The mechanical energy storage element can be configured to be subjected to or store mechanical energy during expansion and to use the stored mechanical energy for retraction to automatically retract the cover element.

[0037] The actuator can be configured to expand and / or retract the cover element depending on a control signal. The control signal can be indicative of a time, an environmental condition, and / or a weather forecast. For example, the actuator can be connected to a wired line and / or a wireless communication unit to receive the control signal wired and / or wirelessly. For example, the control signal can be received by the actuator from a higher-level system, in particular a control system. The actuator can, in turn, be configured to process the control signal or include a processor unit, for example, a microcontroller, to process the control signal. Alternatively or additionally, the device itself can include a unit that generates the control signal, for example, a computer or processor unit that displays a time. The system can be controlled by a sensor or an environmental sensor. For example, the time can be specified in hours and minutes, or more broadly, by day and night, or in a finer subdivision. This allows the control signal to be used so that the cover element expands at night, when there is no sunlight, to protect against soiling and to collect any condensation, and retracts during the day to generate electrical energy by allowing sunlight to strike the surface of at least one solar panel. Additionally or alternatively, a weather forecast, received via an internet connection by the control system or the device itself, can be used to estimate whether there is an increased risk of soiling, for example, due to severe weather, increased air pollution, sandstorms, and the like, so that expanding the cover element during the day might also be beneficial.Otherwise, the environmental condition can be any type of environmental condition, especially one measurable by a sensor, such as ambient light or brightness, humidity, temperature, pressure, wind speed, and / or similar. Based on such environmental conditions, it is also possible to control expansion and contraction in order to minimize soiling.

[0038] The device can include a winding element, and the cover element can be designed to be expandable and contractible such that the cover element can be unwound from and wound onto the winding element. The winding element can be, for example, a roll or a cylinder. Accordingly, the cover element, particularly a flat cover element such as a sheet with one or more layers, can be wound onto the winding element for retraction and unwound for expansion. This creates a particularly compact device that is also easy to use. The cover element can possess a certain stiffness, especially basic stiffness, to ensure both that it can be wound onto and reliably unwound.At least at one end section of the cover element, a stiffening element can be incorporated to reinforce the cover element and / or a gripping element can be incorporated to grasp the cover element for expansion. Another possible design involves moving the winding element across the surface of at least one solar module by means of a cable or other mechanism, such as a rail or similar, to unroll and roll up the cover element.

[0039] The mounting section can be configured for force-fit and / or form-fit fastening, in particular clamping fastening, of the device to an edge section and / or to an underside of the at least one solar module. In particular, the fastening can be releasable, especially non-destructively releasable. A clamping fastening enables a particularly simple yet sufficiently stable fastening, especially to an edge section of the solar module. Preferably, the fastening can be quickly applied using force-fit and / or form-fit fastening and does not cover any effective surface of the at least one solar module, so as not to result in any loss of efficiency. to ensure the proper functioning of the solar module. The edge section can be a particularly narrow section that does not constitute an effective surface for energy generation of at least one solar module, or on which no solar cells are located. Furthermore, the mounting section can also take other forms, such as for attachment to a solar module substructure or to a subfloor, for example, on its own feet.

[0040] The cover element can have at least one partially transparent and / or at least partially translucent film. Multiple layers of film are also possible. The film or film layers can be made of plastic, for example. Metallic film layers are also possible. For instance, one film layer could be made of plastic and another of metal. The film can be predominantly transparent and / or predominantly translucent. This makes it possible to generate energy using at least one solar module, even with the cover element expanded.

[0041] The cover element can have a coupling means on at least one side for coupling with a coupling means of another cover element. Both cover elements can be part of the device. The coupling means can be, for example, zipper sections arranged on the sides of the cover elements, for example, sewn on. In particular, it can be provided that the coupling means couple adjacent cover elements to each other when expanded, for example, by the zipper sections of adjacent cover elements engaging with each other, and decouple from each other again when retracted. Accordingly, cover elements can be connected and separated from each other, for example, by means of a zipper principle. This allows adjacent cover elements to advantageously cover solar modules without gaps.

[0042] The device can, in particular, include at least one cleaning element on the cover element for cleaning the surface of the at least one solar module during the expansion and / or retraction of the cover element. The cleaning element can, for example, be arranged on the cover element and / or the aforementioned winding element. In other words, the at least one cleaning element can be arranged and configured on the cover element or winding element such that it cleans the surface of the at least one solar module during the expansion and / or retraction of the cover element. As explained above, this could, for example, be one or more brushes, in particular a continuous brush at one end of the cover element or its film, one or more nozzles, and the like.

[0043] A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating a device according to the first aspect, wherein the method comprises: expanding and / or retracting the cover element, in particular depending on a time of day, an environmental condition and / or a weather forecast.

[0044] Furthermore, the method may include: condensing and / or collecting water on the surface of the cover element, and collecting the condensed and / or collected water in a collection section.

[0045] Furthermore, the method may include the discharge of the collected water into the drainage channel, and in particular the collection of the water in a collection basin or container which is fluidically connected to collection sections of various devices.

[0046] Furthermore, the method can also include: using the water to clean the surface of at least one solar module. In particular, the water can be used as part of an automated cleaning process, which can be carried out in particular by an automated cleaning arrangement. In particular, the water can also be used to clean several solar modules, especially solar arrays.

[0047] The process can also exhibit different behavior of the cover element in different scenarios or under different conditions. For example, in rain, depending on the amount of precipitation (which can be measured), the surface of at least one solar module may first be cleaned, and then the cover element(s) may be expanded to clean it as well. In the case of dust rain, the cover element(s) may be expanded to keep the surface(s) clean.

[0048] Up to a certain amount of dew, condensation has a negative effect on solar modules (dew-induced soiling). Depending on the tilt of the solar modules and their surface coating, dew can also have a positive effect on the solar modules above a certain amount, as dripping droplets clean the surface. Accordingly, it can be alternatively or additionally planned that the cover element(s) are strategically expanded and retracted, especially at night, at least once, twice, or several times, to utilize this effect.

[0049] Alternatively or additionally, in the event of a sandstorm, the cover element or elements can be expanded, especially when the sun is shining, since more can be gained despite a compromise in electricity production due to the protective function.

[0050] Alternatively or additionally, during maintenance of the solar modules, e.g. changing the inverter or in the event of an unexpected failure, the cover element(s) can be expanded to protect the solar modules that are not currently supplying power, or for safety reasons.

[0051] The method described herein can, in principle, also be a method for operating an arrangement or system with at least two devices, as described below. The method can include expanding and / or retracting several cover elements of different devices, particularly depending on a time of day, an environmental condition, and / or a Weather forecast. The expansion and / or contraction can occur at least temporarily in parallel. Furthermore, the condensation and / or collection of water on the surfaces of the various cover elements can also occur, particularly at least temporarily in parallel, as can the collection of the condensed and / or collected water in different collection sections of the various devices, particularly at least temporarily in parallel. Finally, the water collected in this way can also be used to clean the surfaces of the multiple solar modules to which the various devices are attached.

[0052] In principle, the expansion and / or retraction of the cover element can be performed manually and / or automatically, for example, by means of an actuator. The method can also include controlling the actuator for expansion and / or retraction, in particular by means of the control signal mentioned herein. Furthermore, the method can include recording the time, environmental conditions, and / or weather forecast, for example, by means of a sensor, central control unit, and / or similar device, as described herein. The method can also include further steps in accordance with the further developments and embodiments of the device, arrangement, and system described herein.

[0053] A third aspect of the present invention relates to a computer program product comprising instructions that cause the device according to the first aspect to perform the method according to the second aspect.

[0054] In particular, the execution of the instructions, especially by a computer or a processing unit, can cause the device to execute the method. The computer program product can be a computer program as such or a product containing a computer program, for example, a computer-readable storage medium on which the computer program and its instructions are stored. The computer program or its instructions can be executable by a computer or a processing unit, such as a CPU, a microcontroller, or the like, whereby this processing unit can be contained, for example, in each device and / or in the system, especially in a central control unit thereof.

[0055] When the computer or processor unit executes the instructions, the procedure is initiated. For example, the actuator may automatically expand the cover element to collect and / or capture water condensing on it, which is then collected by gravity in the collection section. Alternatively, the cover element may be automatically retracted to wipe the water off and into the collection section. Furthermore, the instructions can also be configured to control a cleaning system that uses the water to clean the surfaces of solar modules, for example, by high-pressure cleaning or similar methods.

[0056] A fourth aspect of the invention relates to an arrangement with at least one solar module and at least one device attached thereto according to the first aspect. Furthermore, the The arrangement may also include multiple solar modules or a solar module arrangement to which the device is attached.

[0057] A fifth aspect of the invention relates to a system with at least two devices according to the first aspect for different solar modules or each attached to different solar modules.

[0058] In particular, the system can have ten or more, especially twenty or more, and furthermore, especially fifty or more devices. The number of devices can depend on the size of a solar park, which may contain different solar modules. The system can also comprise several arrangements according to the fourth aspect.

[0059] The collection sections of at least two devices can be fluidically connected to each other. For example, the collection sections can be fluidically connected to a collection basin or container.

[0060] The system can further include a cleaning arrangement for the automated cleaning of the solar modules, wherein the cleaning arrangement is fluidically connected to the collection sections of the devices. For example, the cleaning arrangement can include the collection basin or container. This can be fluidically connected to one or more cleaning units, such as high-pressure cleaners or the like, to clean the surfaces of the solar modules or to remove soiling, if necessary, for example, due to soiling during the day when the cover elements are not expanded or are not in the second position.

[0061] Features, elements, functions and / or advantages of the device described herein may also be applied to the method, computer program product, arrangement and system described herein, and vice versa, and in any combination thereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0062] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying figures.

[0063] List of characters Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an arrangement comprising a solar module arrangement and a device with a cover element in a first position. Fig. 2 shows a different perspective view of the arrangement from Fig. 2 with the cover element in a second position. Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view through part of the arrangement with the device from Fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of the device. Fig. 5 shows another perspective view of an arrangement with a device having a cover element in a second position. Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a system with two devices, each with a cover element in a second position and with a solar module arrangement. Figures 7a to 7c show schematic views of different mounting options for devices on solar module assemblies. Fig. 8 shows a schematic view of a system with multiple devices, multiple solar module arrangements and a cleaning arrangement. Fig. 9 shows a perspective view of an arrangement comprising a solar module arrangement and an alternative device with a cover element in the first position. Fig. 10 shows a perspective view of the arrangement of Fig. 9 with the cover element in the second position.

[0064] Similar, similar-looking, identical or equivalent elements in the figures may be provided with similar or identical reference symbols. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXECUTION FORMS

[0065] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an exemplary solar module arrangement 200 with several solar modules 20 arranged next to each other, in particular in the form of solar panels. Below some of the solar modules 20 of the solar module arrangement 200, or at a lower edge thereof, a device 10 is attached and forms an arrangement 100 with the solar module arrangement 200. Shown is a first position A, in particular a retracted position, of a cover element 12 of the device 10, in which the cover element 12 is substantially completely or entirely retracted within the device 10, in particular a housing 15 thereof (see Fig. 3), so that none of the surfaces 21 of the individual solar modules 20 in Fig. 1 are covered by the cover element 12.

[0066] Figure 2 shows another perspective view of an arrangement 100, in which, however, the cover element 12 is shown in a second position B, in particular an expanded position, in which the cover element 12 covers a substantially complete or completely complete surface 21 of several solar modules 20 of the solar module arrangement 200. While this may limit the amount of electrical energy generated by the solar modules 20 when sunlight strikes them, it protects the solar modules 20 from soiling, especially under adverse weather and / or environmental conditions or at night. In this case, dirt particles and the like strike a surface 12a of the cover element 12 instead of the surfaces 21 of the solar modules 20.

[0067] The cover element 12 can be made of, or consist of, a thin-layer material or film. The film can, for example, comprise or be made of plastic, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Other plastics are also possible. It is also possible that the film may additionally or alternatively consist of... The film is metallic, in particular comprising a metallic layer or film layer, for example coated with metal such as aluminum. For example, the film can be designed as a mesh film, in particular a PVC mesh film. The film or cover element 12 can be substantially, completely, or partially translucent. The film can be substantially, completely, or partially transparent. For example, the film can have a basis weight in the range of 50 to 1,500 g / m². 2, especially in the range of 100 to 1,000 g / m² 2 , and furthermore especially in the range of 200 to 800 g / m² 2 exhibit, for example, 235 to 250 g / m³ 2 or 550 g / m² 2Alternatively, it can be designed as bubble wrap. For example, a PET film metallized with aluminum can be used, perhaps in a multi-layered configuration such as two- or four-layer. Another example is a PE mesh film, which can be transparent with a white mesh, for example. In general, the film, especially the mesh film, can consist of a carrier material, such as polypropylene (PP), coated with another plastic, such as LDPE. The use of a vapor barrier film is also possible. Such a vapor barrier film can, for example, be three-layered with an upper and lower layer of polyethylene film and an inner reinforcement of PP mesh. The upper polyethylene layer can be metallized with a heat-reflective aluminum surface.

[0068] The device 10 can be configured such that the cover element 12 extends just above and / or rests on the surfaces 21 of the solar modules 20. The area just above the surfaces 21 of the solar modules 20 can, for example, encompass a distance of 1 mm to 20 cm, in particular 2 mm to 10 cm, and most especially 5 mm to 5 cm between the cover element 12 and the surfaces 21 of the solar modules 20.

[0069] As shown in Figure 6, using a system 300 with multiple devices 10 and a solar module arrangement 200, several devices 10 can be attached side by side to multiple solar modules 20 or a solar module arrangement 200 in order to cover all surfaces 21 of the individual solar modules 20 by means of multiple cover elements 12 of individual devices 10. In this way, multiple devices 10 can be used modularly or designed as cover modules, enabling even large solar parks with multiple solar module arrangements 200 to be covered with low manufacturing costs for the devices 10.

[0070] Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary interior and other exemplary components of the device 10, which can be partially or completely replaced by other components or be dimensioned or shaped differently than shown here as examples, in particular as described herein. Figure 4 also shows the device 10 in a perspective view.

[0071] For example, Figures 3 and 4 show that the surface 12a of the cover element 12 is designed for the condensation of dew and the collection of rainwater, which is then directed into a collection section 16 where it remains, at least temporarily. Accordingly, the cover element 12 can also be described as a condensation element or condensation body. In addition to the accumulation of water, the accumulation of dirt, dust, etc., or dew-induced soiling, is thus transferred to a level above the surface 21 of the solar modules 20, namely to the level of the surface 12a of the cover element 12.

[0072] In the present case, for example, the collecting section 16 is connected to a drainage channel 31 into which the collected water is discharged. As shown in Fig. 4, the collecting section 16 is at least partially inclined and / or sloped. For example, the collecting section 16 can alternatively or additionally be tapered and / or funnel-shaped, particularly to collect and / or discharge the water, especially to the drainage channel 31.

[0073] For example, the device 10 includes a scraper element 17 which is arranged above the cover element 12 or along the path of the cover element 12 during retraction, in order to scrape off the water collected on the surface 12a of the cover element 12 and move it into the collection section 16 when the cover element 12 has been substantially completely retracted, by continuously scraping the water along the surface 12a of the cover element 12. The scraper element 17 can, for example, be designed as a rubber lip.

[0074] By way of example, the device 10 further comprises two opposing sealing elements 18, which are arranged here in the direction of retraction of the cover element 12 in front of the wiper element 17 and seal against the cover element 12 on both sides to prevent dirt from entering a housing 15 of the device 10. The cover element 12 is retracted in the housing 15. In the present example, the device 10 includes a winding element 14 with an actuator 13, in particular in the form of a drive, for example an electromechanically rotatable roller. The cover element 12 is wound onto the winding element 14 during retraction and unwound from the winding element 14 during expansion. Alternative embodiments of the expansion and retraction mechanism are of course possible, in particular as described herein.

[0075] To attach the device 10 to the solar module(s) 20, the device 10 has a fastening section 11, which is shown here by way of example for clamping attachment, in particular with a clamping element, to the solar module 20, especially to an edge section 22 thereof. Other or additional fastening options are possible, for example screwing or the like, of the fastening section 11 to the edge section 22 and / or to a bottom surface 23 of the solar module 20.

[0076] Figure 5 shows an alternative mounting of the device 10 on a short side of a solar module array 200. In principle, various mounting positions of the devices 10 on solar modules 20 are possible, as the schematic examples in Figures 7a to 7c show. Figure 7a schematically shows the mounting of the device 10 on a short side of a solar module array 20 (here purely by way of example with a single row of solar modules 20 compared to the two rows of solar modules 20 in Figure 5). Figures 7b and 7c, in contrast, show the mounting of the device 10 below and above, respectively, the solar modules 20. lower edge or a lower edge section 22 and a top edge or an upper edge section 22 of solar modules 20. In the case of attaching the device 10 below or on a lower edge or lower edge section 22 of one or more solar modules 20, the advantage arises that water can also or alternatively be collected in the collection section 16 by means of gravity instead of using a scraper element 17.

[0077] Figure 8 schematically shows a system 300 with several solar module assemblies 200 and devices 10 as examples. For instance, the solar module assemblies 200 can represent or be part of a solar park. The drainage channel 31, for example, corresponding drainage pipes, connects the collection sections 16 of the individual devices 10 on each of the individual solar module assemblies 200 to a water tank 32 or water basin. The water collected in this way can then be conveyed through a feed channel 33 to one or more cleaning units 34, which are, for example, positioned on the solar module assemblies 200 or can be positioned there, in order to clean the surfaces 21 of the solar modules 20 of the solar module assemblies 200. Thus, a cleaning arrangement 30 can be formed by the aforementioned components, in particular for the automated cleaning of the solar modules 20.

[0078] The system 300 can include a central control system 41 or a central control unit, with a central processor unit or a central computer 42 and a computer program product 43 on which instructions can be stored to execute the cleaning procedure by the cleaning arrangement 30. Alternatively or additionally, instructions can be stored to execute an operating procedure of the devices 10.

[0079] As shown in Fig. 8, for example, the central control system 41 can send one or more control signals S1, which are indicative of a time, an environmental condition and / or a weather forecast, to the individual actuators 13 of the device 10 by means of a wired line 40 or wireless communication in order to expand or retract the cover elements 12 based on this, for example to expand at night or in bad weather and / or environmental conditions and to retract during the day or in good weather and / or environmental conditions.

[0080] Alternatively, a wired connection 44 or wireless communication with the cleaning arrangement 30 via the central control system 41 can be provided to send one or more further control signals S2 to it, in particular to the cleaning units 34, or to make them available for use by the cleaning unit(s). Depending on this or these control signals S2, automated cleaning can then take place. For example, the control signal(s) S2 can be indicative of soiling or contamination of the surfaces 21 of individual solar modules 20 or solar module arrangements 200. For example, the control signal S2 or the control signals S2 can be based on an energy yield from the solar modules 20 or solar module arrangements 200, in particular a reduced energy yield compared to other solar modules 20 or solar module arrangements 200, which suggests soiling. Alternatively or additionally, the control signal S2 can also be less be intelligent, for example time-controlled, and always sent after a certain time to carry out automated cleaning by cleaning arrangement 30.

[0081] Figure 9 shows a perspective view of a solar module arrangement 200 comprising several solar modules 20 and an alternative device 10 with a cover element 12 in the first position A. Figure 10 shows the solar module arrangement 200 from Fig. 9 with the cover element 12 in the second position B.

[0082] As can be seen in Figures 9 and 10, the device 10 is also attached to the solar modules 20 by way of example. Alternatively or additionally, however, attachment to the solar module substructure of the solar module 20, i.e., the frame visible in Figures 9 and 10, and / or to a subfloor is also possible, in particular for erecting the device 10 on one or more of its own feet or a support structure for the device 10.

[0083] As can be seen in Figures 9 and 10, the winding element 14 does not remain in the housing 15 when the cover element 12 expands. Instead, the winding element 14 is attached to a cable pull, which in turn can be operated by an actuator (not shown) to move the winding element 14 over the surface 21 and thus unroll the cover element 12 over the surface 21.

[0084] Furthermore, a cleaning element 19 is shown, which is attached here by way of example to the winding element 14, but can alternatively or additionally also be attached to the cover element 12, in particular at one end thereof. For example, the cleaning element 19 can be a continuous brush that cleans the surface 21 of the solar modules 20 when the cover element 12 is retracted and / or expanded.

[0085] It should be further noted that "comprehensive" and "comprising" do not exclude other features or steps, and the indefinite articles "a" or "an" do not exclude a plurality. It should also be noted that features or steps described with reference to one of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference numerals in the claims are not to be considered limitations.

[0086] Furthermore, expressions such as "based on," "related," "associated," and similar expressions are not to be understood exclusively in relation to the units, elements, and / or steps to which they refer, unless otherwise specified. Instead, unless otherwise specified, these expressions are to be understood as meaning that, for example, a unit, element, or step to which one of these expressions or a similar expression refers, e.g., "based on" one or another unit, element, or step, does not preclude the possibility that the unit, element, or step in question may also be "based" on a different unit, element, or step than the one to which it refers.

[0087] Any designation of procedures, steps, and elements as first, second, etc., as indicated herein, serves solely to make the procedures, their steps, and elements referable and distinguishable from one another. The designation of methods, steps, and elements This in no way constitutes a limitation on the scope of this disclosure. For example, if this disclosure describes a third step of a process, a first or second step of the process need not be present, and certainly need not be performed before the third step, unless it is expressly stated that they are required per se or before the third step. Furthermore, the presentation of processes or steps in a particular order is merely intended to facilitate understanding of this disclosure and in no way constitutes a limitation on the scope of this disclosure. In general, the processes and steps may be performed in any conceivable order unless an expressly prescribed order is stated.In particular, the terms "first", "second", "third" or "a)", "b)", "c)" and the like are used in the description and in the claims to distinguish similar elements and not necessarily to describe a sequential or chronological order. It is to be assumed that the terms used in this way are interchangeable under suitable circumstances and that the embodiments of the disclosure described herein may also function in orders other than those described or illustrated herein.

[0088] Within the scope of this disclosure, each specified numerical value is typically associated with an accuracy interval which the person skilled in the art understands to be such that the technical effect of the feature in question is still guaranteed. Within the scope of this disclosure, the deviation from the specified numerical value is at least in the range of ± 10%, preferably ± 5%. The aforementioned deviation from the specified numerical interval of ± 10%, preferably ± 5%, can also be expressed by terms such as "about", "approximately", and the like, as used here in relation to a numerical value.

Claims

REQUIREMENTS 1. Device (10) for at least one solar module (20), wherein the device (10) has a fastening section (11) for fastening the device (10) in a region of the at least one solar module (20), and wherein the device (10) has at least one cover element (12) for covering a surface (21) of the at least one solar module (20), wherein the cover element (12) is designed to be expandable in order to increase a surface (21) of the at least one solar module (20) that can be covered by the cover element (12), and wherein the cover element (12) is designed to be retractable in order to reduce the surface (21) of the at least one solar module (20) that can be covered by the cover element (12).

2. Device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the cover element (12) has a first position (A) to not cover a predominant surface (21) of solar cells of the at least one solar module (20) by means of the cover element (12), and wherein the cover element (12) has a second position (B) to cover a predominant surface (21) of solar cells of the at least one solar module (20) by means of the cover element (12).

3. Device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a surface (12a) of the cover element (12) is configured for condensation and / or for collecting water, and wherein the device (10) has a collecting section (16) which is configured to collect the condensed and / or collected water by means of gravity and / or when retracting the cover element (12).

4. Device (10) according to claim 3, wherein the device (10) includes at least one scraper element (17) which is designed to scrape off the water on the surface (12a) of the cover element (12) when the cover element (12) is retracted in such a way that the water is collected in the collection section (16).

5. Device (10) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the device (10) has opposing sealing elements (18) and the device (10) is arranged such that the cover element (12) is retracted from the opposing sealing elements (18) is contacted.

6. Device (10) according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the collecting section (16) is at least partially a drainage channel (31) or the collecting section (16) is configured or connected to a drainage channel (31).

7. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device (10) has a housing (15) into which the cover element (12) can be at least partially retracted.

8. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device (10) has a cover element (12) for covering surfaces (21) of several interconnected solar modules (20).

9. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device (10) has an actuator (13) configured to expand and retract the cover element (12).

10. Device (10) according to claim 9, wherein the actuator (13) is configured to expand and retract the cover element (12) depending on a control signal (S1), wherein the control signal (S1) is indicative of a time, an environmental condition and / or a weather forecast.

11. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cover element (12) has a film that is at least partially transparent and / or at least partially translucent.

12. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device (10) has at least one cleaning element (19) for cleaning the surface (21) of the at least one solar module (20) during the expansion and / or retraction of the cover element (12).

13. Method for operating a device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises: - Expanding and / or retracting the cover element (12) depending on a time of day, an environmental condition and / or a weather forecast.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises: - Condensation and / or collection of water on the surface (12a) of the cover element (12), and - Collecting the condensed and / or collected water in a collection section (16).

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the method further comprises: - Using the water to clean the surface (21) of at least one solar module (20).

16. Computer program product (43) comprising instructions that cause the device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 to execute the method according to any one of claims 13 to 15.

17. Arrangement (100) with at least one solar module (20) and at least one attached thereto Device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

18. System (300) with at least two devices (10) according to one of claims 1 to 12 for different solar modules (20) or each attached to different solar modules (20).

19. System (300) according to claim 18, wherein the at least two devices (10) are configured according to one of claims 3 to 6, and wherein the collecting sections (16) of the at least two devices (10) are fluidically connected to each other.

20. System (300) according to claim 19, wherein the system (300) further comprises a cleaning arrangement (30) for automated cleaning of the solar modules (20), wherein the cleaning arrangement (30) is fluidically connected to the collecting sections (16) of the devices (10).

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