A system for generating insights for BIO-signals

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a system (100) for generating insights for bio-signals. The system (100) includes an optical light emitter (102) adapted to emit light having at least one predefined parameter. One or more optical electrodes (104) are made of an electro optic material optically coupled with the optical light emitter (102) and is adapted to couple to a body of a user. The one or more optical electrodes (104) adapted to receive the emitted light, and modulate the emitted light in response to the bio-signal induced electric field received from the body of the user. An optical light analyzer unit (106) is in communication with the one or more optical electrodes (104), and determines variation corresponding to the at least one predefined parameter based on correlating the modulated light and the emitted light. Further, the optical light analyzer unit (106) generates insights for the bio-signals based on the determined variation.

Description

[0001] A SYSTEM FOR GENERATING INSIGHTS FOR BIO-SIGNALS FIELD OF THE INVENTION [1] The present disclosure relates to the field of bio-signal detection and more particularly, to a system for generating insights for bio-signals utilising optics. BACKGROUND [2] Conventional bio-signal acquisition systems, such as those used for electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and electromyography (EMG), primarily rely on electrical electrodes placed on the body surface. While widely adopted, these electrode-based methods suffer from significant limitations. The acquired signals are often distorted by electromagnetic interference from surrounding power lines, electronic devices, and motion artifacts, which degrade the fidelity of weak microvolt-scale bioelectric signals. In addition, electrodes require conductive gels or vacuum-assisted adhesion to maintain stable contact, which can dry out over time, increase skin impedance, and result in unreliable measurements. [3] The conventional systems also face practical implementation challenges, for example, many setups are bulky, difficult to apply consistently, and uncomfortable for prolonged use. Further, extended wearing of electrodes may cause skin irritation, slippage, or discomfort, limiting their suitability for continuous monitoring in everyday or clinical environments. In critical care scenarios, improper electrode placement can lead to misreadings, potentially compromising patient safety. Furthermore, electrode-based sensing inherently requires direct electrical contact with the skin, making it vulnerable to bio-signal degradation and unsuitable for certain wearable or miniaturized applications. [4] These limitations highlight the need for alternative approaches that can capture weak bio-signal or biopotentials with higher sensitivity, reduced noise susceptibility, and improved user comfort. In particular, there is a growing demand for systems that enable non-invasive, compact, and reliable detection of bio-signals like brainwaves and other physiological signals. [5] Therefore, there lies a need to provide an improved method for detecting bio-signals and overcoming the limitations associated with the traditional bio-signal acquisition techniques. SUMMARY [6] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simplified format, that are further described in the detailed description of the invention. This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention and nor is it intended for determining the scope of the invention. [7] In an embodiment, a system for generating insights for bio-signals is provided. The system includes an optical light emitter adapted to emit light having at least one predefined parameter. The at least one predefined parameter indicates a magnitude corresponding to a characteristic property of the emitted light. Further, one or more optical electrodes are optically coupled with the optical light emitter and are adapted to couple to a body of a user. The one or more optical electrodes are adapted to receive the emitted light, and modulate the emitted light in response to the bio-signal induced electric field received from the body of the user. Further, an optical light analyzer unit is in communication with the one or more optical electrodes. The optical light analyzer unit is adapted to determine variation corresponding to the at least one predefined parameter based on correlating the modulated light and the emitted light. Further, the optical light analyzer unit is adapted to generate insights for the bio-signals based on the determined variation. [8] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a wearable device is disclosed. The wearable device is adapted to be positioned on a skin contacting area of a user is disclosed. The skin contacting area includes at least one of skin surface or ear ear-canal of the user. The wearable device includes a system for generating insights for bio-signals. The system includes an optical light emitter adapted to emit light having at least one predefined parameter. The at least one predefined parameter indicates a magnitude corresponding to a characteristic property of the emitted light. Further, one or more optical electrodes are optically coupled with the optical light emitter and are adapted to couple to a body of a user. The one or more optical electrodes are adapted to receive the emitted light, and modulate the emitted light in response to the bio-signal induced electric field received from the body of the user. Further, an optical light analyzer unit is in communication with the one or more optical electrodes. The optical light analyzer unit is adapted to determine variation corresponding to the at least one predefined parameter based on correlating the modulated light and the emitted light. Further, the optical light analyzer unit is adapted to generate insights for the bio-signals based on the determined variation. [9] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for generating insights for bio-signals is disclosed. The includes emitting, by an optical light emitter, light having at least one predefined parameter. The at least one predefined parameter indicates a magnitude corresponding to a characteristic property of the emitted light. the method further includes receiving, by one or more optical electrodes, the emitted light. The one or more optical electrodes are made of an electro optic material optically coupled with the optical light emitter and are coupled to a body of a user. The method further includes modulating, by the one or more optical electrodes, the emitted light in response to the bio-signals induced electric field received from the body of the user. The method further includes determining, by an optical light analyzer unit, a variation corresponding to the at least one predefined parameter based on correlating the modulated light and the emitted light. The optical light analyzer unit is in communication with the one or more optical electrodes. Furthermore, the method includes generating, by the optical light analyzer unit, insights for the bio-signals based on the determined variation.

[0010] The system for generating insights for bio-signals of the present disclosure may provide a significant improvement over the traditional electrodes. The system of the present disclosure incorporates the one or more optical electrodes optically coupled with the optical light emitter and the body of a user and modulates the emitted light in response to the bio-signals received from the body of the user. Accordingly, this may advantageously minimize signal distortion and interference.

[0011] To further clarify the advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:

[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting a system for generating insights for bio-signals, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIG.2 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary patch having embedded therein an optical fibre in one or more configurations of an optical path of the system, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0015] FIG. 3A illustrates a schematic diagram depicting a top view of the system, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG.3B illustrates a schematic diagram depicting a side view of the system, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting the system having a configuration with multiple optical light emitters, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting the system having another configuration with multiple optical light emitters and one or more optical electrodes arranged in parallel configuration of the optical path, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting the one or more optical electrodes arranged in a grid array adapted for a predetermined voltage bias, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting the one or more optical electrodes embodying one or more nano-antenna elements, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary implementation of the system, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0022] FIG.9 illustrates a flow diagram depicting a method for generating insights for bio-signals, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] Further, skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the drawings are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts illustrate the method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help to improve understanding of aspects of the present invention. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the drawings with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the various embodiments and specific language will be used to describe the same. It should be understood at the outset that although illustrative implementations of the embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated below, the present invention may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or in existence. The present disclosure is not necessarily limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, including the exemplary design and implementation illustrated and described herein, but may be modified within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0025] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.

[0026] Reference throughout this specification to “an aspect,” “another aspect” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrase “in an embodiment,” “in another embodiment” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

[0027] It is to be understood that as used herein, terms such as, “includes,” “comprises,” “has,” etc. are intended to mean that the one or more features or elements listed are within the element being defined, but the element is not necessarily limited to the listed features and elements, and that additional features and elements may be within the meaning of the element being defined. In contrast, terms such as, “consisting of” are intended to exclude features and elements that have not been listed.

[0028] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. Also, the various embodiments described herein are not necessarily mutually exclusive, as some embodiments may be combined with one or more other embodiments to form new embodiments. The term “or” as used herein, refers to a non-exclusive or unless otherwise indicated. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.

[0029] As is traditional in the field, embodiments may be described and illustrated in terms of blocks that carry out a described function or functions. These blocks, which may be referred to herein as units or modules or the like, are physically implemented by analog or digital circuits such as logic gates, integrated circuits, microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory circuits, passive electronic components, active electronic components, optical components, hardwired circuits, or the like, and may optionally be driven by firmware and software. The circuits may, for example, be embodied in one or more semiconductor chips, or on substrate supports such as printed circuit boards and the like. The circuits constituting a block may be implemented by dedicated hardware, by a processor e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry, or by a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions of the block and a processor to perform other functions of the block. Each block of the embodiments may be physically separated into two or more interacting and discrete blocks without departing from the scope of the invention. Likewise, the blocks of the embodiments may be physically combined into more complex blocks without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0030] The accompanying drawings are used to help easily understand various technical features and it should be understood that the embodiments presented herein are not limited by the accompanying drawings. As such, the present disclosure should be construed to extend to any alterations, equivalents, and substitutes in addition to those which are particularly set out in the accompanying drawings. Although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are generally only used to distinguish one element from another.

[0031] FIG.1 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting a system 100 for generating insights for bio-signals, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0032] The system 100 includes an optical light emitter 102, one or more optical electrodes 104, and an optical light analyzer unit 106.

[0033] The optical light emitter 102 is adapted to emit light having at least one predefined parameter. In one example, the emitted light is in a form of a pulsed beam. In another embodiment, the emitted light is in a form of a continuous beam. The optical light emitter 102 may be a light source such as a light-emitting diode (LED), lasers, and advanced semiconductor lasers within the scope of the present disclosure. For the purpose of explanation, the optical light emitter 102 may interchangeably be used as the light source 102 throughout the present disclosure. The at least one predefined parameter indicates a magnitude corresponding to a characteristic property of the emitted light. In an example, the at least one predefined parameter may include frequency of the emitted light, amplitude of the emitted light, polarization of the emitted light, wavelength of the emitted light, and the like.

[0034] The one or more optical electrodes 104 may be made of an electro-optic material and be optically coupled with the optical light emitter 102. The one or more optical electrodes 104 may also be referred to as one or more optodes 104 within the scope of the present disclosure and may be interchangeably used. In an example,the electro-optic material may include at least one of a lithium niobate (Li b )material, a barium titanate (BTO) material, an organic electro-optic (EO) polymer material, a nanocomposite EO material, and the like. The one or more optical electrodes 104 may further be coupled to the body of a user. The one or more optical electrodes 104 may be adapted to receive the emitted light from the optical light emitter 102. Further, the one or more optical electrodes 104 may be adapted to modulate the emitted light in response to the bio-signal induced electric field received from the body of the user. The one or more optical electrodes 104 may be made of an electro-optic material that may be capable of changing optical properties when exposed to an electric field. In an example, the one or more optical electrodes 104 may have low electric field hysteresis, which would enable the one or more optical electrodes 104 to change their properties at high speeds in close accordance with the bio-signal induced electric field. In an example, the one or more optical electrodes 104 may be made of lithium niobate, beta barium borate, strontium barium niobate, polydiacetylenes, barium titanate, lead lanthanum zirconate titanate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and similar materials having ability to exhibit changes in optical properties, including refractive index, opacity, and polarization, under the influence of induced electric field.

[0035] In an example, the bio-signal induced electric field received from the body may be brainwave activity inside the user’s head, and may be utilised for opto encephalography by the system 100. In an example, the modulated light are achieved by utilizing the electro-optic material of the one or more optical electrodes 104 that exhibits a gradient / linear change in optical characteristics when subjected to the induced electric field, enabling the transduction and encoding of bio-signals from the body into variations in the light transmitted through the one or more optical electrodes 104. This can be considered as an entirely new paradigm of tracking brainwaves using optics, rightfully called as OptoEncephalography (OEG) as the successor to the classically used ElectroEncephalography (EEG) that relies purely on electrical activity.

[0036] Further, the system 100 may include an optical fibre 108 adapted to optically couple the one or more optical electrodes 104 with the optical light emitter 102 and the optical light analyzer unit 106, such that an optical path is defined in one or more configurations. The optical fibre 108 may have a core 110 and a cladding 112. The core 110 and cladding 112 may include one or more structures made of electro- optic material. In an embodiment, the one or more optical electrodes 104 may be placed along the axis of the core 110 within the optical fibre 108.

[0037] The optical light analyzer unit 106 may be in communication with the one or more optical electrodes 104 via the optical fibre 108. Further, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may be configured to receive the modulated light from the one or more optical electrodes 104.

[0038] In an embodiment, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may incorporate Optical Neural Networks (ONNs) to process modulated light pulses from the optical electrodes 104. ONNs enable efficient extraction of information and identification of dominant frequencies for reconstructing EEG signals. The optical light analyzer unit 106 may thus offer low energy consumption, high-speed parallel computing, and on-chip biosignal classification. Leveraging optical parallelism, ONNs may handle large datasets in real time, accelerate ML model training, and enhance robustness for real-time decision-making.

[0039] In another embodiment, memristors may be strategically integrated into the optical light analyzer unit 106 to facilitate low-power, high-density bio-signal processing. The distinctive memory and computation features of memristors may enhance processing speed and adaptive learning capabilities.

[0040] In one embodiment, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may further include hardware-based filters that may be implemented directly within the system 100, enabling rapid and efficient data filtration by the optical light analyzer unit 106. The optimal placement of the filter within the optical light analyzer unit 106 may discard noisy data while letting through good data.

[0041] The optical light analyzer unit 106 may be configured to determine variation corresponding to the at least one predefined parameter based on correlating the modulated light and the emitted light. The variation may correspond to change in the at least one predefined parameter after the emitted light has been modulated by the one or more optical electrodes 104 based on the bio-signal induced electric field received from the body of the user.

[0042] Further, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may be configured to generate insights for the bio-signals based on the determined variation. The generate insights may indicate one or more of an electroencephalogram (EEG), an electrocardiogram (ECG), an electromyogram (EMG) and an electrooculogram (EOG) potentials. In an embodiment, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may further be configured to determine variation in based on the characteristics of the electro-optic material of the one or more optical electrodes 104. In an example, the modulation of the emitted light by the one or more optical electrodes 104 may also be mathematically described and evaluated by the optical light analyzer unit 106.

[0043] In an example, the change in refractive index ( n) of the electro-opticmaterial of the one or more optical electrodes 104 in response to the bio-signal induced electric field (E) may be expressed using the Pockels effect and may be represented by equation (1) below. n = rE …(1) Where: n is the change in refractive index, r is the electro-optic coefficient specific to the electro-optic material, E is the magnitude of the induced electric field.

[0044] In an example, the Kerr electro-optic effect, or DC Kerr effect, may be determined and may be represented by equation (2) below. n = KE2….(2)

[0045] In an example, the basic phase change due to a change in refractive index ‘n’ for the electro-optic material of the one or more optical electrodes 104 may be determined by the equation (3) below.

[0046] Further, the change in polarization may be modelled by modifying the elements of these matrices based on the electro-optic effect.

[0047] In an embodiment, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may determine the variation corresponding to the at least one predefined parameter using one of a signal processing technique and a machine learning (ML) model. In an example, the optical light analyzer unit 106 to determine the variation may be configured to determine a change in phase between the emitted light and the modulated light. In another example, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may be configured to determine a change in frequency between the emitted light and the modulated light. In another example, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may be configured to determine a change in amplitude between the emitted light and the modulated light. In another example, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may be configured to determine a change in polarization between the emitted light and the modulated light. In yet another example, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may be configured to determine a change in wavelength between the emitted light and the modulated light.

[0048] In an example, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may perform real-time determination of the variation for each data encoded based on the modulated light within the ML model or by using the signal processing technique. The optical light analyzer unit 106 using the ML model may perform dynamic weight assessment and may assign and adjust weights to each parameter, for example, phase difference, frequency shift, amplitude change, polarization detection, and the like. Here onwards, the one or more configurations will be explained in detail with respect to Figure 2.

[0049] FIG.2 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary patch having embedded therein the optical fibre 108 in one or more configurations of the optical path of the system 100, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0050] In an embodiment, the one or more configurations of the optical path formed by the optical fibre 108 may be embedded in the patch that can be applied over the body of the user. In an embodiment, the optical path may be defined in one or more configurations, including one of a series configuration, a parallel configuration, a zig-zag configuration, a triangular configuration, a spiral configuration, and a grid array configuration. The pattern formed by the one or more configurations of the optical path may strategically improve the sensing surface area, sensitivity, and signal acquisition, thereby preserving the signal integrity of the system 100.

[0051] A patch 202 illustrates a single optical fibre 108 having the defined optical path in the series configuration and having one optical electrode 104 or optode 104 placed along the axis of the core 110 within the optical fibre 108. A patch 204 may include a single optical fibre 108 having the defined optical path in the series configuration and having multiple optical electrodes 104 or multiple optodes 104 placed along the axis of the core 110 within the optical fibre 108. A patch 206 illustrates multiple optical fibres 108 having the defined optical path in the parallel configuration and having one optical electrode 104 or one optode 104 placed along the axis of the core 110 within each optical fibre 108. A patch 208 illustrates multiple optical fibres 108 having the defined optical path in the parallel configuration and having multiple optical electrodes 104 or multiple optodes 104 placed along the axis of the core 110 within each optical fibre 108. A patch 210 illustrates a single optical fibre 108 having the defined optical path in the zig-zag configuration and having one optical electrode 104 or one optode 104 placed along the axis of the core 110 within each fold of the zig-zag configuration of the optical fibre 108. A patch 212 illustrates a single optical fibre 108 having the defined optical path in the zig-zag configuration and having multiple optical electrodes 104 or multiple optodes 104 placed along the axis of the core 110 within each fold of the zig-zag configuration of the optical fibre 108.

[0052] In an embodiment, the one or more optical electrodes 104 are fabricated using nanoscale electro-optical material and are placed along the axis of the core 110 within the optical fibre 108 in one or more configurations of the optical path. In an embodiment, the one or more optical electrodes 104 and the optical fibre 108 are both formed using the nanoscale electro-optical material. The nanoscale electro- optical material facilitates the increase of the effective interaction length of the optical fibre 108 between the optical light emitter 102 and the optical light analyzer unit 106, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of the system 100. Accordingly, the one or more configurations of the optical path formed by the optical fibre 108, for example, the zig-zag configuration, the triangular configuration, the spiral configuration, and the like, enable a longer optical path within a compact footprint, while amplifying the modulation imparted by the one or more optical electrodes 104 or optodes 104. This may allow the construction of a relatively smaller patch to be applied to the body of the user. Accordingly, the system 100 may be integrated into patches for ear-based or scalp-based wearables, providing high sensitivity to bio-signals such as brainwaves, while maintaining device miniaturization and comfort.

[0053] Further, the one or more optical electrodes 104 fabricated using the nanoscale electro-optical material may further multiply the photon–material interaction without significantly increasing insertion loss, specifically for slow- light structures such as photonic crystal waveguides or moderate-Q resonators. In an embodiment, the one or more optical electrodes 104 formed using the nanoscale electro-optical material may have optimized bend radii, isolation gaps, and per-unit- length loss budgets to preserve optical integrity for each one or more configurations of the optical path. Accordingly, the system 100 may achieve practical interaction length multipliers (of about 10²–10³×) sufficient to transduce microvolt-scale fields without relying on impractically long single-pass fibres.

[0054] FIG. 3A illustrates a schematic diagram depicting a top of the system 100, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG.3B illustrates a schematic diagram depicting a side view of the system 100, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figures 3A and 3B are explained in conjunction for ease of understanding.

[0055] In an embodiment, the system 100 may include an electric-field concentrator operably coupled to each optical electrode 104. The electric-field concentrator may be adapted to amplify the intensity of the received bio-signal. In particular, the electric-field concentrator may funnel and intensify weak bio-signals induced electric fields into an active region of each optical electrode 104. Accordingly, by amplifying the effective field strength incident on each optical electrode 104, the required drive threshold of the system 100 may be lowered, thereby improving sensitivity to feeble bio-signals induced electric field for generation of insights, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG) and electrooculogram (EOG) potentials. The electric-field concentrator may include at least one of a conductive ground plate 302, a concentrator plate 304, a dielectric concentrator structure (not shown), and a patterned plasmonic nano-element (not shown).

[0056] The conductive ground plate 302 may be positioned beneath the one or more optical electrodes 104 and may be in contact with the surface of the body of the user. The conductive ground plate 302 may enhance the electric-field experienced by the one or more optical electrodes 104. The concentrator plate 304 may be positioned above the one or more optical electrodes 104, or adjacent to a surface of the one or more optical electrodes 104 facing the body of the user. The concentrator plate 304 may enhance the intensity of the electric-field experienced by the one or more optical electrodes 104, thereby improving sensitivity and accuracy in bio- signal detection by the system 100.

[0057] Further, the dielectric concentrator structure may employ high-permittivity layers to focus the field strength incident on each optical electrode 104. Further, the electric-field concentrator may be configured to be integrated into patches to be applied on the body of the user, enabling reliable acquisition of low-amplitude bio- signals even in noisy environments.

[0058] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting the system 100 having a configuration with multiple optical light emitters 102, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0059] In an embodiment, there may be multiple optical light emitters 102 emitting light signals of various one or more parameters. Further, referring to the illustrated embodiment, multiple optical electrodes 104 or multiple optodes 104 may be placed along the axis of the core 110 within the optical fibre 108 having the defined optical path in the series configuration. Although the illustrated embodiment illustrates the multiple optical electrodes 104 arranged in the series configuration of the optical fibre 108, however, the multiple optical electrodes 104 may be arranged in any of the one or more configurations of the optical fibre 108 within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0060] The illustrated construction may facilitate the system 100 for various application requirements, where each optical light emitter 102 emits the light of various one or more parameters that may individually be analysed by the optical light analyzer unit 106, making the system 100 versatile and adaptable in various bio-signal measurement applications, with the highest accuracy.

[0061] In an embodiment, one or more optical electrodes 104 may have a high electro-optic coefficient or Pockels coefficient, which may allow a change in optical properties with a relatively lower intensity of induced electric field.

[0062] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting the system 100 having another configuration with multiple optical light emitters 102 and one or more optical electrodes 104 arranged in a parallel configuration of the optical path, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0063] The configuration illustrated in the figure depicts multiple optical light emitters 102 emitting light signals of various one or more parameters, where each optical light emitter 102 may be connected to a separate row of optical fibre 108 having the defined optical path in the series configuration. As shown, the one or more optical electrodes 104 or one or more optodes 104 may be placed along the axis of the core 110 within each row of optical fibre 108.

[0064] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting the one or more optical electrodes 104 arranged in a grid array adapted for a predetermined voltage bias, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0065] In an embodiment, the one or more optical electrodes 104 may be embodied as a two-terminal diode, having a first terminal 602 and a second terminal 604. In an example, the first terminal 602 may be a positive terminal, and the second terminal 604 may be a negative terminal. Further, a predetermined voltage bias may be applied across the first terminal 602 and the second terminal 604 of each one or more optical electrodes 104. In an example, DC voltage bias may be applied across the first terminal 602 and the second terminal 604 of each one or more optical electrodes 104. The applied voltage may act as a means to enable or control the operating conditions of the one or more optical electrodes 104. Further, the one or more optical electrodes 104 may be biased to the steepest slope of the transfer function, such that even microvolt-level bio-signal perturbations result in measurable modulation of the modulated light received by the optical light analyzer unit 106. Accordingly, the effective detection threshold by the system 100 may be enhanced, making the system 100 more suitable for EEG monitoring applications where signal amplitudes are extremely low.

[0066] In an embodiment, the biasing may be achieved through insulated conductive plates or capacitive coupling structures integrated into the one or more optical electrodes 104, ensuring full electrical isolation from the user. Further, safety features may be provided, such as dielectric barriers, and automatic bias trimming circuits that adapt to changes in skin impedance or environmental drift and may facilitate achieving low-voltage operation. Further, a combination of primed sensitivity of the one or more optical electrodes 104 with the electric-field concentrator and noise-cancellation techniques may provide a multi-layered strategy for detecting weak bio-signals with high reliability.

[0067] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting the one or more optical electrodes 104 embodying one or more nano-antenna elements 702, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0068] In one embodiment, the system 100 for detecting and analyzing bio-signals utilizes a metasurface formed of a plurality of electro-optic nano-antennas 702 as a sensing element. The plurality of electro-optic nano-antennas 702 may be embedded on a surface thereof one or more optical electrodes 104. Further, the plurality of electro-optic nano-antennas may be configured to amplify the received bio-signals. These nano-antennas 700 may be patterned from high-index electro- optic materials, such as ferroelectric perovskite oxides like barium titanate (BTO)or lithium niobate (LiNbO ), and may be fabricated using epitaxial growth, pulsedlaser deposition (PLD), sputtering or nanoimprint lithography to achieve nanoscale feature dimensions. The architecture permits dense integration of millions of sub- wavelength elements over a compact footprint, for example, 5 mm × 5 mm, thereby enabling incorporation into miniaturized, low-power sensing devices such as epidermal or ear-canal wearables.

[0069] Further, metallic plasmonic elements (e.g., gold, silver) can also be used by evaporation / sputter deposition and lift-off or direct write. In other embodiments,resonator bodies are fabricated from high-index dielectrics (such as i, iN or TiO )and coupled to an EO fill (polymer or oxide) within a nanoscale slot, providing a practical tradeoff between optical confinement, EO overlap, and manufacturability.

[0070] Each nanoantenna may function as a localized resonant transducer that may facilitate amplification of weak bio-signals. Physically, the nano-antennas 702 may operate by supporting optical resonances analogous to dipole antennas at radio frequencies, but may be scaled down to optical wavelengths. Further, the nano- antennas 702, when illuminated by a light field, may induce charge oscillations within a structure of the nano-antennas 702, creating intense, localized electromagnetic hotspots in nano-meter-scale gaps or tips. These hotspots may confine light into sub-diffraction volumes of the nano-antennas 702, thereby dramatically enhancing the overlap between the optical field and the external bioelectric field.

[0071] When a bio-signal-induced electric field is present, it may perturb the refractive index of the underlying electro-optic material via the Pockels effect. Further, the nano-antennas 702 may facilitate microvolt-scale surface potentials to sufficiently modulate the local refractive index in order to induce picometer-scale resonance shifts within the nano-antennas 702, based on strong optical confinement at the antenna hotspots. These shifts may manifest as measurable changes in the resonance wavelength, phase, or polarization of the light, thereby transducing weak bioelectric fields into robust optical signals.

[0072] In one embodiment, the nano-antennas 702 may take the form of bowtie geometries, where opposing triangular tips define a nanoscale gap that concentrates the optical field into a highly localized hotspot. This strong field confinement may enhance the modulation effect induced by weak bioelectric potentials. In an alternative embodiment, the nano-antennas 702 may include geometries in a form of nanodisks, nanorods, cross-shaped resonators, or slot dimers. These geometries may be optimized to balance sensitivity, bandwidth, and fabrication considerations.

[0073] Optical interrogation of the metasurface may be performed by illuminating it with a narrow-linewidth laser tuned to the steep slope of a resonance of the nano- antenna 702. A resonance shift may be transduced into measurable variations in intensity, phase, or polarization of the transmitted or reflected light, which may then be detected using balanced photodiodes and optionally enhanced through lock-in demodulation.

[0074] Referring to (a), the system 100 may employ a parallel optical fibre 108 having multi-core fibre or waveguide structure to enhance signal acquisition and analysis. Each optical fibre 108 may be coupled to the one or more optical electrodes 104, and each one or more optical electrodes 104 may be integrated with a nano-antenna 702 metasurface, arranged in a parallel configuration to form a grid array. Each one or more optical electrodes 104 integrated with a nano-antenna 702 metasurface may facilitate in capture of local bio-signals by amplification of weak bio-signals.

[0075] The parallel configuration provides several advantages, such as, improved signal-to-noise ratio through statistical averaging of uncorrelated noise. Further, the parallel configuration may enhance spatial resolution of electric field distributions across tissue. Further, the parallel configuration may eliminate redundancy and facilitates reliability, as failure of one core does not compromise overall functionality of the system 100. The optical light analyzer unit 106 may receive and process the outputs from each one or more optical electrodes 104 integrated with a nano-antenna 702, either by analyzing each optical path in the parallel configuration individually and aggregating the results, or by employing an optical neural network (ONN) or equivalent machine learning processor for simultaneous, high-speed parallel processing.

[0076] Further, in some implementations, the sensing arrays may be configured along the optical path arranged in one of the spherical configuration, spiral configuration, or zig-zag configuration to increase the effective interaction length between the guided optical field and the applied bioelectric field. Referring to (b), the system 100 may include the single optical fibre 108 having the defined optical path in the zig-zag configuration and having multiple optical electrodes 104 integrated with a nano-antenna 702 metasurface to enhance signal acquisition and analysis. Such arrangements may extend the photon path through the electro-optic material within a compact footprint, while carefully accounting for attenuation losses in the optical medium. In one example, the intensity of the input light source may be modulated to compensate for propagation losses, thereby maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0077] In an alternative embodiment, the system 100 may include a splitter (not shown) and a combiner (not shown). The splitter may be in communication with the one or more optical electrodes 104. The splitter may be adapted to split the one or more optical electrodes 104 into a first waveguide path and a second waveguide path. Further, a portion of the modulated emitted light is passed through the first waveguide path, and a remaining portion of the modulated emitted light is passed through the second waveguide path. The combiner may be communicating with the first waveguide path, the second waveguide path and the optical light analyzer unit. The combiner may be adapted to merge outputs from the first waveguide path and the second waveguide path. Further, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may receive the outputs of the first waveguide path and the second waveguide path from the combiner and may be configured to compute a differential of outputs from each split portion of the modulated emitted light of the first waveguide path and the second waveguide path. Further, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may be configured to suppress common-mode noise based on the computation.

[0078] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary implementation of the system 100, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0079] As depicted in the figure, the system 100 may be incorporated within a wearable device 800a, 800b, 800c. In an example, the wearable device 800a, 800b may be adapted to be positioned on a skin contacting area of the user. In an example, the skin contacting area may include at least one of a skin surface or ear-canal area of the user. The wearable device may include the system 100 for generating insights for bio-signals. In an example, referring to (a) and (b), the wearable device 800a, 800b may be an in-ear wearable device. Further, the system 100 may be embodied in a form of a patch 802, 804 and may be incorporated on a surface of the earbud structure or along arms of the wearable device 800a, 800b, based on the construction of the wearable device 800a, 800b. Further, the system 100 embodied in the patch 802, 804 on having made contact with the ear-canal area of the user, may be able to receive bio-signals induced electric field from the ear-canal area, resulting in generating insights by the system 100.

[0080] In another example, referring to (c), the wearable device 800c may be a forehead wearable device. Further, the system 100 may be embodied in a form of a patch 806 and may be incorporated on a surface of a forehead band, such that the patch 806 makes a contact with the skin surface of the user, based on the construction of the wearable device 800c. Accordingly, the system 100 embodied in the patch 806 may be able to receive bio-signals induced electric field from the skin surface of the forehead, resulting in generating insights by the system 100.

[0081] FIG. 9 illustrates a flow diagram depicting a method 900 for generating insights for bio-signals, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 900 may be implemented by the system 100.

[0082] At step 902, the method 900 may include emitting, by an optical light emitter 102, light having at least one predefined parameter. The at least one predefined parameter may indicate a magnitude corresponding to a characteristic property of the emitted light.

[0083] At step 904, the method 900 may include receiving, by one or more optical electrodes 104, the emitted light. The one or more optical electrodes 104 may be optically coupled with the optical light emitter 102 and may also be coupled to a body of a user.

[0084] At step 906, the method 900 may include modulating, by the one or more optical electrodes 104, the emitted light in response to the bio-signals induced electric field received from the body of the user. Here, modulating the emitted light may introduce additional dimensions to the emitted light.

[0085] At step 908, the method 900 may include determining, by an optical light analyzer unit 106, a variation corresponding to the at least one predefined parameter based on correlating the modulated light and the emitted light. The optical light analyzer unit 106 may be in communication with the one or more optical electrodes 104. The optical light analyzer unit 106 may utilise one of a signal processing technique and a machine learning (ML) model for determination, to facilitate the extraction of meaningful information from data-encoded in the modulated light. Accordingly, the optical light analyzer unit 106 may determine a change in one or more parameters like amplitude change, frequency change, phase change, polarization change, and the like that the emitted light underwent.

[0086] At step 910, the method 900 may include generating, by the optical light analyzer unit 106, insights for the bio-signals based on the determined variation. The generated insights may include electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG) and electrooculogram (EOG) potentials. Further, the generated insights may serve as standard brainwave information, facilitating the development of innovative therapies and interventions, ultimately enhancing mental well-being and addressing neurological disorders.

[0087] The acquired data may serve as standard brainwave information, applicable for various purposes such as mental health wellness and advancements in brain research. These data, representing normal brainwave patterns, become valuable reservoirs for insights into the functioning of the human brain. This comprehensive dataset facilitates the development of innovative therapies and interventions, ultimately enhancing mental well-being and addressing neurological disorders.

[0088] An additional advantage of the disclosed system 100 is its inherent compatibility with environments where traditional electrical electrodes are impractical, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rooms. Since the system 100 of the present disclosure relies on the optical light emitter (102), the one or more optical electrodes (104) made of electro-optic material, and the optical light analyzer unit (106) supplemented with the optical fibres 108 rather than conductive wires, it is inherently immune to electromagnetic interference and does not introduce metallic components that could distort MRI scans or pose safety hazards. This enables continuous and reliable bio-signal monitoring inside high-field MRI environments, facilitating advanced neuroimaging studies and real-time patient monitoring without compromising image quality or patient safety.

[0089] While specific language has been used to describe the present subject matter, any limitations arising on account thereto, are not intended. As would be apparent to a person in the art, various working modifications may be made to the method in order to implement the inventive concept as taught herein. The drawings and the foregoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment.

Claims

Claim: A system (100) for generating insights for bio-signals, the system (100) comprising: an optical light emitter (102) adapted to emit light having at least one predefined parameter, wherein the at least one predefined parameter indicates a magnitude corresponding to a characteristic property of the emitted light; one or more optical electrodes (104) made of an electro optic material optically coupled with the optical light emitter (102), and adapted to couple to a body of a user, the one or more optical electrodes (104) adapted to: receive the emitted light, and modulate the emitted light in response to the bio-signal induced electric field received from the body of the user; and an optical light analyzer unit (106) in communication with the one or more optical electrodes (104), and is configured to: determine variation corresponding to the at least one predefined parameter based on correlating the modulated light and the emitted light; and generate insights for the bio-signals based on the determined variation.

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, comprising an optical fibre (108) adapted to optically couple the one or more optical electrodes (104) with the optical light emitter (102) and the optical light analyzer unit (106), such that an optical path is defined in one or more configurations comprising one of a series configuration, a parallel configuration, a zig-zag configuration, a triangular configuration, a spiral configuration, and a grid array configuration.

3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein to determine the variation corresponding to the at least one predefined parameter, the optical light analyzer unit is configured to determine, using one of a signal processing technique and a machine learning (ML) model, at least one of:change in phase between the emitted light and the modulated light; change in frequency between the emitted light and the modulated light; change in amplitude between the emitted light and the modulated light; change in polarization between the emitted light and the modulated light; and change in wavelength between the emitted light and the modulated light.

4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the one or more optical electrodes (104) comprises plurality of electro-optic nano-antennas (702) embedded on a surface thereof, wherein the plurality of electro-optic nano- antennas (702) are configured to amplify the received bio-signals.

5. The system as claimed in claim 1, comprising electric-field concentrator operably coupled to each optical electrode (104), and adapted to amplify intensity of the received bio-signal, wherein the electric-field concentrator comprises at least one of a conductive ground plate (302), a concentrator plate (304) a dielectric concentrator structure, and a patterned plasmonic nano- element.

6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electro-optic material comprises at least one of, a lithium niobate (LiNbO ) material, a bariumtitanate (BTO) material, an organic electro-optic (EO) polymer material, and a nanocomposite EO material.

7. The system as claimed in claim 1, comprising: a splitter in communication with the one or more optical electrodes (104) and adapted to split the one or more optical electrodes (104) into a first waveguide path and a second waveguide path, wherein a portion of the modulated emitted light is passed through the first waveguide path, and aremaining portion of the modulated emitted light is passed through the second waveguide path; and a combiner in communication with the first waveguide path, the second waveguide path and the optical light analyzer unit (106), and adapted to merge outputs from the first waveguide path and the second waveguide path, wherein the optical light analyzer unit (106) is configured to: compute a differential of outputs from each split portion of the modulated emitted light of the first waveguide path and the second waveguide path; and suppressing common-mode noise based on the computation.

8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a predetermined voltage bias is applied across an input terminal (602) and an output terminal (604) of each one or more optical electrodes (104).

9. A wearable device (800a, 800b, 800c) adapted to be positioned on a skin contacting area of a user, wherein the skin contacting area comprises at least one of skin surface or ear-canal area of the user, the wearable device (800a, 800b, 800c) comprises: a system (100) for generating insights for bio-signals, the system (100) comprising: an optical light emitter (102) adapted to emit light having at least one predefined parameter, wherein the at least one predefined parameter indicates a magnitude corresponding to a characteristic property of the emitted light; one or more optical electrodes (104) made of an electro optic material optically coupled with the optical light emitter (102) and adapted to couple to a body of a user, the one or more optical electrodes (102) adapted to: receive the emitted light, andmodulate the emitted light in response to the bio-signal induced electric field received from the body of the user; and an optical light analyzer unit (106) in communication with the one or more optical electrodes (104), and is configured to: determine variation corresponding to the at least one predefined parameter based on correlating the modulated light and the emitted light; and generate insights for the bio-signals based on the determined variation.

10. A method (900) for generating insights for bio-signals, the method (900) comprises: emitting (902), by an optical light emitter (102), light having at least one predefined parameter, wherein the at least one predefined parameter indicates a magnitude corresponding to a characteristic property of the emitted light; receiving (904), by one or more optical electrodes (104), the emitted light, wherein the one or more optical electrodes (104) are made of an electro optic material optically coupled with the optical light emitter (102) and are coupled to a body of a user; modulating (906), by the one or more optical electrodes (104), the emitted light in response to the bio-signals induced electric field received from the body of the user; determining (908), by an optical light analyzer unit (106), a variation corresponding to the at least one predefined parameter based on correlating the modulated light and the emitted light, wherein the optical light analyzer unit (106) is in communication with the one or more optical electrodes (104); and generating (910), by the optical light analyzer unit (106), insights for the bio-signals based on the determined variation.

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