Process for preparing ethyne from a solid rubber-based material

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for recycling a solid rubber-based material, a recycling unit for carrying out said process. The present invention further relates to a process a process for manufacturing a solid rubber-based material, preferably a tire, using a product obtainable or obtained by the aforementioned process and a recycling process for preparing a pyrolysis oil from a solid rubber-based material obtained from the aforementioned process.

Description

Process for preparing ethyne from a solid rubber-based materialThe present invention relates to a process for preparing ethyne from a solid rubber-based material, and a unit for carrying out said process. The present invention further relates to a process for manufacturing a solid rubber-based material, preferably a tire, using a product obtainable or obtained by the aforementioned process and a recycling process for preparing a pyrolysis oil from a solid rubber-based material obtained from the aforementioned process.Processes for recycling end-of-life rubber-based materials, such as tires, have been developed in the past to produce pyrolysis oils. However, such processes usually lead to pyrolysis oil with poor qualities, namely being incompatible to refinery or petrochemical processes, e.g. due to their high sulfur and aromatics content as well as because of the corrosive properties. Therefore, there is a need to provide improved and sustainable processes for recycling rubberbased materials.Therefore, it was an object of the present invention to provide an improved process for preparing ethyne from solid rubber-based material, said process providing an efficient way to use waste materials, such as end-of-life tires, as a feedstock for the production of new chemical products in more sustainable way. Indeed, it was an object to flexibly re-introduce end-of-life rubber-based materials into the chemical production process for improving sustainability of the chemical industry, such as the rubber industry, and ensuring a circular economy.Therefore, the present invention relates to a process comprising a) providing a solid rubber-based material R comprising carbon black; b) subjecting the solid rubber-based material R to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream SF comprising a pyrolysis oil 01 comprising at least one component which comprises one or more of N, P, 0, S, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I, and further obtaining a solid material C comprising carbon black; c) subjecting the stream SF obtained according to b) to at least one thermal treatment, obtaining at least one stream comprising ethyne, wherein c) comprises c.1) subjecting the stream SF to cracking conditions, obtaining a stream Ss comprising methane and ethyne; c.2) subjecting the stream Ss obtained according to d.1) to c.2.1) partial combustion in the presence of molecular oxygen, obtaining a stream SEI comprising ethyne; or c.2.2) one or more separation steps, obtaining a stream SEO comprising ethyne and a stream SM comprising methane.While not being subject to any particular restrictions, it is preferred that the solid rubber-based material R is obtained from one or more of end-of-life tires, belts, tubes, coverings, lining materials, retreading materials, mountings, gaskets, conveyor belts, hoses, shoe soles, clothing, flooring, car bumpers, gloves, rubber bands, umbrellas, balloons and braces, more preferably from end-of-life tires.In the context of the present invention, the term "end-of-life tire” refers to tires that can no longer serve their original purpose (waste material).Preferably, the solid rubber-based material R provided according to a) comprises one or more of at least a natural rubber material and at least a synthetic rubber material .With regard to the solid rubber-based material R, it is preferred that the solid rubber-based material R further comprises one or more of N-octyl-pyrrolidone and 4-tert-buty Iphenol-acety lene polymer.Preferably, the solid rubber-based material R has a rubber content of at least 20 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 25 to 70 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 35 to 65 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from of 40 to 55 weight-%.Preferably, the solid rubber-based material R has a carbon black content in the range of from 10 to 40 weight-%, more preferably from 15 to 30 weight-%, more preferably from 20 to 24 weight-%.Preferably, the solid rubber-based material R has a N-octyl-pyrrolidone content in the range of from 0.1 to 15 weight- %, more preferably from 1 to 5 weight-%, more preferably from 2 to 3 weight-%.Preferably, the solid rubber-based material R has a 4-tert-butylphenol-acetylene polymer content in the range of from 0.1 to 10 weight-%, preferably from 0.5 to 8 weight-%, more preferably from 1 to 5 weight-%.Further according to the present invention, it is preferred that providing the solid rubber-based material R according to a) comprises subjecting the solid rubber-based material R to comminution. No particular restrictions exist how said comminution is carried out. It is preferred that comminution according to a) comprises one or more of shredding and cutting. Preferably, the shredding and / or cutting is performed with one or more of a shredder, a guillotine or a cutting mill, more preferably a shredder. More preferably, the shredder is a double-shaft shredder or a four-shaft shredder. Examples of shredders are disclosed in WO 2023 / 280814 A1 . Yet further, it is preferred that the shredded and / or cut solid rubber-based material R is in the form of flakes or pellets.Further according to the present invention, it is preferred that subjecting the solid rubber-based material R to pyrolysis conditions according to b) is performed in a pyrolysis reactor RP, wherein RP is selected from the group consisting of a rotary kiln, a fluidized bed reactor, a moving bed reactor, an entrained flow reactor, and a stirred tank reactor, more preferably a rotary kiln reactor.Regarding the pyrolysis conditions according to b), it is preferred that they comprise a pyrolysis temperature in the range of from 350 to 900 °C, more preferably in the range of from 375 to 650 °C, more preferably in the range offrom 400 to 550 °C. Respective ranges of from 500 to 600 °C, from 600 to 700 °C and from 700 to 800 °C are conceivable. Further regarding the pyrolysis conditions according to b), it is preferred that they comprise a pyrolysis pressure in the range of from 0.5 to 2 bar(abs), more preferably in the range of from 0.9 to 1.5 bar(abs). Respective ranges of from 0.5 to 1 bar(abs), from 1 to 2 bar(abs) and from 0.75 to 1 .75 bar(abs) are conceivable. Yet further regarding the pyrolysis conditions according to b), it is preferred that they comprise an inert pyrolysis gas atmosphere, wherein preferably from 99.5 to 100 volume-%, more preferably from 99.8 to 100 volume-%, more preferably from 99.9 to 100 volume-% of said inert pyrolysis gas atmosphere consist of nitrogen and argon, more preferably nitrogen. Still more preferably, the inert pyrolysis gas atmosphere comprises from 0 to 0.5 volume-%, more preferably from 0 to 0.2 volume-%, more preferably from 0 to 0.1 volume-% oxygen.Further according to the present invention, it is preferred that subjecting according to b) comprises b.1 ) feeding the solid rubber-based material R provided according to a) into a pyrolysis reactor RP; b.2) heating the solid rubber-based material R in the pyrolysis reactor RP to the pyrolysis temperature, obtaining a gas stream SGS and the solid material C; b.3) removing the gas stream SGS from the pyrolysis reactor RP and subjecting SGS to condensation conditions in a gas-liquid separation unit LGU, obtaining the stream SF comprising the pyrolysis oil 01; b.4) removing the solid material C from the pyrolysis reactor RP.Yet further according to the present invention, it is preferred that b) comprises b.1') feeding the solid rubber-based material R provided according to a) into a pyrolysis reactor RP; b.2') heating the solid rubber-based material R in the pyrolysis reactor RP to the pyrolysis temperature, obtaining a gas stream SGS and the solid material C; b.3') removing the gas stream SGS from the pyrolysis reactor RP and subjecting the stream SGS to condensation conditions in a gas-liquid separation unit LGU, obtaining a stream SF' comprising a pyrolysis oil O'; b.4') removing the solid material C from the pyrolysis reactor RP; b.5') contacting the stream SF' obtained according to b.3') with a stream SH comprising molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst under hydrotreatment conditions in the purification unit PU, obtaining the stream SF comprising the pyrolysis oil 01 depleted, compared to O', in the one or more of the at least one component which comprises one or more of N, P, O, S, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I.Regarding the hydrotreatment conditions according to b.5'), it is preferred that they comprise a hydrotreatment temperature in the range of from 100 to 500 °C, more preferably in the range of from 200 to 400 °C. Respective ranges of from 150 to 300 °C, from 250 to 350 °C and from 200 to 450 °C are conceivable. Further, regarding the pyrolysis conditions according to b.5'), it is preferred that the hydrotreatment conditions comprise a hydrotreatment pressure in the range of from 10 to 200 bar(abs), more preferably from 60 to 120 bar(abs). Respective ranges of from 30 to 100 bar(abs), 50 to 150 bar(abs) and 80 to 180 bar(abs) are conceivable. In the context of the present invention and as known in the art, the term "hydrotreatment'' refers to a catalytic reductive process for upgrading hydrocarbons.Any hydrotreatment processes known in the art can be used for the present invention. For example, those disclosed in "CHAPTER TWO - Distillate Hydrotreating'', Refinery Refining Processes Handbook, 2003, pages 29-61.Preferably, the solid rubber-based material R is fed according to b.1 ) or b.T) via a pneumatic conveyor or a screwtype conveyor into the pyrolysis reactor RP.Further, it is preferred that the solid rubber-based material R is subjected to a pre-pyrolysis conditions, prior to the pyrolysis according to b), wherein the pre-pyrolysis conditions preferably comprise a pre-pyrolysis temperature in the range of from 200 to 400 °C, more preferably of from 220 to 360 °C. Such pre-pyrolysis permits to pyrolyse PVC if present in the solid rubber-based material R.Yet further, it may be preferred that subjecting to pyrolysis conditions according to b) is performed by thermal cracking (in the absence of a catalyst) or catalytic cracking, more preferably thermal cracking (in the absence of a catalyst).Further, it is preferred that one or more of CaO, Ca(OH)2 and CaCOs is added to the solid rubber-based material R for the pyrolysis according to b). Such additives permit to react with formed HCI and thus remove impurities such as chlorine from PVC.Preferably, according to b.3) or b.3') the stream SGS is subjected to condensation conditions in LGU, wherein the condensation conditions comprise a condensation temperature in the range of from 0 to 100 °C, more preferably in the range of from 0 to 80 °C. Respective ranges of from 10 to 60 °C, from 20 to 70 °C and from 30 to 90 °C are conceivable. Yet further, it is preferred that LGU is a condenser, a scrubber or a quench.It is preferred that cracking according to c.1 ) comprises, preferably is steam cracking.Regarding the cracking conditions according to c.1 ), it is preferred that they comprise a cracking temperature in the range of from 400 to 1000 °C, more preferably in the range of from 500 to 900 °C. Respective ranges of from 450 to 700 °C, from 550 to 800 °C, from 600 to 950 °C are conceivable. The cracking is preferably performed according to processes know in the art such as those cited in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012, Ethylene, Ch. 5.1, pages 469-475.Further, according to the present invention, it is preferred that c.2.1) comprises c.2.1 .1) preheating the stream Ss to a temperature in the range of from 600 to 2000 °C, preferably in the range of from 800 to 1800 °C; c.2.1 .2) preheating a stream So comprising molecular oxygen to a temperature in the range of from 600 to 2000 °C, preferably in the range of from 800 to 1800 °C; c.2.1 .3) mixing the preheated stream Ss with the preheated stream So, obtaining a stream Sso; c.2.1.4) subjecting the stream Sso to partial combustion conditions, obtaining a stream SA;c.2.1 .5) providing a stream SL comprising a liquid adsorbent; c.2.1 .6) contacting a portion of the stream SL with the stream SA, obtaining a stream SR comprising one or more of an aromatic compound, butane, isobutane, and C3-C20 -substituted acetylene, and a stream SEHC comprising one or more of ethyne, hydrogen and carbon monoxide; c.2.1 .7) contacting a portion of the stream SL with the stream SEHC, obtaining a stream SEI comprising ethyne depleted, compared to SEHC, in one or more of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and a stream SHC comprising one or more of hydrogen and carbon monoxide depleted, compared to SEHC, in ethyne; wherein W1 < W2, wherein the weight ratio W1 is the weight ratio of the portion of the stream SL to the stream SA during contacting according to c.2.1 .4) and wherein the weight ratio W2 is the weight ratio of the portion of the stream SL to the stream SEHC during contacting according to c.2.1.7).Regarding the partial combustion conditions according to c.2.1.5), it is preferred that they comprise a partial combustion pressure in the range of from 0.1 to 1.4 bar(abs), more preferably in the range of from 0.3 to 1.3 bar(abs), more preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 1.2 bar(abs). Respective ranges of from 0.2 to 1.1 bar(abs), 0.4 to 1.0 bar(abs) and 0.6 to 0.9 bar(abs) are conceivable. The partial combustion is preferably performed according to processes known in the art. For example, such as those disclosed in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Ed. 2012, Acetylene, Ch. 4.2.The purification of methane-containing acetylene gas use liquid adsorbents, such as one or more of N- methylpyrrolidone, methanol, ammonia, and dimethylformamide, preferably N-methylpyrrolidone, in a multistage shower column. The separation process of methane and ethyne can be also conducted by cryogenic distillation at high pressure and low temperature or by selective physical adsorption using traditional porous materials such as activated carbons, zeolites and silica.Preferably according to the present invention, the process further comprises a partial combustion step directed to the conversion of the stream SM to ethyne. In this regard, it is preferred that the process further comprises c.2.3) subjecting the stream SM to partial combustion conditions in the presence of molecular oxygen in a partial combustion unit PCU2, obtaining a stream SE2 comprising ethyne.Therefore, it is preferred that subjecting according to c.2.3) comprises c.2.3.1 ) preheating at least a portion of the stream SM to a temperature in the range of from 600 to 2000°C, preferably in the range of from 800 to 1800 °C; c.2.3.2) preheating a stream So' comprising molecular oxygen to a temperature in the range of from 600 to 2000 °C, preferably in the range of from 800 to 1800 °C; c.2.3.3) mixing the preheated stream SM with the preheated stream So', obtaining a stream Sso'; c.2.3.4) subjecting the stream Sso' to partial combustion conditions, obtaining a stream SA'; c.2.3.5) providing a stream SL' comprising a liquid adsorbent;c.2.3.6) contacting a portion of the stream SL' with the stream SA', obtaining a stream SR' comprising at least one or more of an aromatic compound, butane, iso-butane, and C3-C20 substituted acetylene, and a stream SEHCO' comprising one or more of ethyne, hydrogen and carbon monoxide; c.2.3.7) contacting a portion of the stream SL' with the stream SEHCO', obtaining a stream SE2 comprising ethyne depleted, compared to SEHCO’, in one or more of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and a stream SHCO' comprising one or more of hydrogen and carbon monoxide depleted, compared to SEHCO’, in ethyne; wherein W1' < W2', wherein the weight ratio W1' is the weight ratio of the portion of the stream SL' to the stream SA' during contacting according to c.2.3.6) and wherein the weight ratio W2' is the weight ratio of the portion of the stream SL' to the stream SEHCO' during contacting according to c.2.3.7).Regarding the partial combustion conditions according to c.2.3.5), it is preferred that they comprise a partial combustion pressure in the range of from 0.1 to 10 bar(abs), more preferably in the range of from 0.3 to 5 bar(abs), more preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 1.5 bar(abs). Respective ranges of from 0.2 to 9 bar(abs), 0.4 to 7 bar(abs) and 0.6 to 2 bar(abs) are conceivable. The partial combustion is preferably performed according to processes known in the art. For example, such as those disclosed in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Ed. 2012, Acetylene, Ch. 4.2.Preferably according to the present invention, the process further comprises a step directed to the conversion of one or more of the streams SEI, SEO and SE2to the chemical product P comprising a 4-tert-butylphenol-acetylene polymer. In this regard, it is preferred that the process further comprises d) reacting one or more of the streams SEI , SEO and SE2 with para-tert-butylphenol, preferably in the presence of a catalyst, obtaining a chemical product P comprising, preferably consisting of, a 4-tert-butylphenol-acetylene polymer.It is preferred that reacting one or more of the streams SEI , SEO and SE2 with para-tert-butylphenol according to d) is performed at a temperature in the range of from 150 to 300 °C, more preferably in the range of from 190 to 230 °C. Yet further, it is preferred that reacting according to d) is performed at a pressure in the range of from 1 bar(abs) to 25 bar(abs), more preferably in the range of from 10 bar(abs) to 18 bar(abs). Yet further, it is preferred that the molar ratio of para-tert-butylphenol relative to acetylene is in the range of from 1 : 1 to 1 :1.4.In the context of the present invention, ethyne and para-tert-butylphenol can be reacted according to processes known in the art, such as those disclosed in A. O. Zoss, et al., "Preparation and Properties of Alkylphenol-Acetylene Resins”, Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 1, 73-77, DE642886 and DE645112.Also preferably according to the present invention, the process further comprises a step directed to the conversion of one or more of the streams SEI, SEO and SE2 into 1 ,4-butanediol. In this regard, it is preferred that the process further comprisese) converting one or more of the streams SEI , SEO and SE2 into a stream SBD comprising 1 ,4-butanediol, wherein e) comprises e.1) providing a stream SFA comprising, preferably consisting of, formaldehyde; e.2) bringing in contact one or more of the streams SEI, SEO and SE2 with the stream SFA, obtaining a streamSBYD comprising 1 ,4-butynediol; e.3) subjecting the stream SBYD to hydrogenation conditions, obtaining the stream SBD.The synthesis of 1 ,4-butanediol according to e) can be performed by methods known in the art, such as disclosed in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Ed. 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Butanediols, Butenediol and Butynediol.Also preferably according to the present invention, the process further comprises a step directed to the conversion of the streams SBD into a stream SOP comprising N-octyl-pyrrolidone. In this regard, it is preferred that the process further comprises f) converting the stream SBD into the stream SOP comprising N-octyl-pyrrolidone, wherein f) comprises f.1 ) subjecting the stream SBD to dehydration and cyclization conditions, obtaining a stream SYBA comprising y-butyrolactone; f.2) providing a stream SOA comprising, preferably consisting of, N-octylamine; f.3) bringing in contact the stream SYBA with the stream SOA, obtaining the stream Sop.Further, it is preferred that providing the stream SOA according to f.2) comprises f.2.1 ) providing a stream SAM comprising ammonia; f.2.2) providing a stream Soo comprising octanol, preferably 1 -octanol; f.2.3) bringing in contact the stream SAM with the stream Soo, obtaining a stream SOA comprising N-octylamine.The synthesis of N-octyl-pyrrolidone can be performed by methods known in the art, such as disclosed in CN1249032 and CN 107129454 A.It is preferred that providing the stream SFA according to e.1) comprises e.1.1) subjection at least a portion of the stream SF to gasification, obtaining a stream Sco comprising CO and a stream SH2 comprising H2; e.1 .2) subjecting a mixture of CO and H2, wherein at least a portion of Sco and / or at least a portion of SH2 is used for this mixture, preferably at least a portion of Sco and at least a portion of SH2 is used for this mixture, to a chemical conversion in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, obtaining a stream MM2 comprising methanol; e.1.3) subjecting the stream MM2 to partial oxidation conditions, obtaining a stream SFA.The synthesis of methanol according to e.1.2) can be performed by methods known in the art, such as disclosed in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Ed. 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Methanol, Ch. 5.The synthesis of formaldehyde according to e.1.3) can be performed by methods known in the art, such as disclosed in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Ed. 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Formaldehyde, Ch. 4.1 and 4.2.Also preferably according to the present invention, the process further comprises a step directed to the preparation of a solid rubber-based material. In this regard, it is preferred that the process further comprises g) preparing a solid rubber-based material comprising using a para-tert-buty Iphenol-acety lene polymer obtained by a process according to the present invention, N-octyl-pyrrolidone obtained by a process according to the present invention, and carbon black obtained according to any one of the present invention.Still further, the present invention further relates to a process for manufacturing a solid rubber-based material, preferably a tire, said process comprisingusing at least one of a para-tert-buty Iphenol-acety lene polymer obtainable or obtained by a process according to the present invention,N-octyl-pyrrolidone obtainable or obtained by a process according to the present invention, and carbon black obtainable or obtained according to any one of the present invention.Still further, the present invention also relates to a recycling process for preparing a pyrolysis oil, the process comprising: providing a tire, comprising performing the process for manufacturing a solid rubber-based material being a tire according to the present invention; subjecting the tire to pyrolysis, obtaining a pyrolysis oil.The present invention further relates to a recycling unit for carrying out the process for preparing ethyne from the solid rubber-based material R according to the present invention, the unit comprising a pyrolysis reactor RP, means for introducing the solid rubber-based material R into the pyrolysis reactor RP, means for removing the stream SGS from the pyrolysis reactor RP; a gas-liquid separation unit LGU, means for introducing the stream SGS into LGU, means for removing SF' from LGU; a purification unit PU, means for passing at least a portion of the stream SF' in the purification unit PU, means for removing the stream SF from the purification unit PU; a cracker CU; means for introducing at least portion of the stream SF in the cracker CU; means for removing the stream Ss from the cracker CU; wherein the unit U further comprises either a partial combustion unit PCU, means for introducing the stream Ss into the partial combustion unit PCU; means for removing the stream SEI from the partial combustion unit PCU; orone or more separation units SU, means for introducing the stream Ss into the one or more separation units SU, means for removing the stream SEO and means for removing the stream SM from the one or more separation units SU.According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a process comprising the step of converting 4-tert- butylphenol-acetylene polymer obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or N-octyl-pyrrolidone obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or a solid material C obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or a chemical material obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, to obtain a product Q. Said product Q is preferably selected from building block or monomer; or polymer, preferably polymer A, polymer composition, preferably polymer composition A, or polymer product, preferably polymer product A; or industrial use polymer, industrial use surfactant, descaling compound, industrial use biocide, industrial use solvent, industrial use dispersant, composition thereof or formulation thereof; or agrochemical composition, agrochemical formulation auxiliary or agrochemically active ingredient; or active pharmaceutical ingredient or intermediate thereof, pharmaceutical excipient, animal feed additive, human food additive, dietary supplements, aroma chemical or aroma com-position; or aqueous polymer dispersion, preferably polyurethane or polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybrid polymer dispersion, emulsion, binder for paper and fiber coatings, UV-curable acry-ic polymer for hot melts and coatings polyisocyanates, hyperbranched polyester polyol, polymeric dispersant for inorganic binder compositions, unsaturated polyester polyol or 100% curable composition; or cosmetic surfactant, emollient, wax, cosmetic polymer, UV filter, further cosmetic ingredi-ent or composition or formulation thereof; or polymer B, polymer composition B, coating composition, other functional composition, foil, molded body, coating or coated substrate.Further regarding said product Q, it is preferred that the content of the 4-tert-buty Iphenol-acety lene polymer obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or of the N-octyl-pyrrolidone obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or of the solid material C obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or of the chemical material obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, in the product Q is 1 weight-% or more, more preferably 2 weight-% or more, more preferably 5 weight-% or more, more preferably 15 weight-% or more, more preferably 30 weight-% or more, more preferably 40 weight-% or more, more preferably 60 weight-% or more, more preferably 80 weight-% or more, more preferably 90 weight-% or more, more preferably 95 weight-% or more; and / or the content of the 4-tert-buty Iphenol-acety lene polymer obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or of the N-octyl-pyrrolidone obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or of the solid material C obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or of the chemical material obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, in the product Q is 100 weight-% or less, more preferably 95 weight-%- IQ - or less, more preferably 90 weight-% or less, more preferably 50 weight-% or less, more preferably 25 weight-% or less, more preferably 10 weight-% or less; and wherein the content is preferably determined based on identity preservation and / or segregation and / or mass balance and / or book and claim chain of custody models, preferably based on mass balance, preferably the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) standard.The publication Prior Art Disclosure; Issue 684; paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] ; ISSN: 2198-4786; published: February 12, 2024 will be regarded as Reference RF1, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Preferably, the product Q referred to in the preceding paragraph is a product as described in Reference RF1; paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] , Preferably, the process described herein is further a process for the production of a product, preferably product Q.The converting step to obtain the product Q preferably comprises one or more step(s) as de-scribed below and can be performed by conventional methods well known to a person skilled in the art. The converting step preferably comprises one or more step(s) selected from: recycling, preferably depolymerizing, gasifying, pyrolyzing, and / or steam cracking; and / or purifying, preferably crystallizing, (solvent) extracting, distilling, evaporating, hydrotreating, ab-sorbing, adsorbing and / or subjecting to ion exchanger; and / or assembling, preferably foaming, synthesizing, chemical conversion, chemically transforming, polymerizing and / or compounding; and / or forming, preferably foaming, extruding and / or molding; and / or finishing, preferably coating and / or smoothing.In addition, the one or more step(s) are described in detail in Reference RF1; paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] ,The term "building block”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises compounds, which are in a gaseous or liquid state under standard conditions of 0°C and 0.1 MPa. Building blocks are typically used in chemical industry to form secondary products, which provide a high-er structural complexity and / or higher molecular weight than the building block on which the sec-ondary product is based. The building block is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycols, syngas comprising a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic com-pounds. The alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic compounds comprise in particular 1 to 12 carbon atoms, respectively.The term "monomer”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises molecules, which can react with each other to form polymer chains by polymerization. The monomer is preferably selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid, salts of (meth)acrylic acid; in particular sodium, potassium and zinc salts; (meth)acrolein and (meth)acrylates. (Meth)acrylates comprising 1 to 22 carbon atoms are preferred, in particular comprising 1 to 8 carbon atoms. The terms (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylate relate to acrylic acid, acrolein oracrylate and also to methacrylic acid, methacrolein or methacrylate, where applicable. Further, the monomer can be selected from hexamethylenediamine (HMD) and adipic acid.The building block can further be an intermediate compound. The term "intermediate com-pound”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises organic reagents, which are applied for formation of compounds with higher molecular complexity. The intermediate com-pound can be selected for example from the group consisting of phosgene, polyisocyanates and propylene oxide. The polyisocyanates are in particular aromatic di- and polyisocyanates, prefer-ably toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and / or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).The building block and the monomer and typical converting step(s) to obtain the building block or monomer are described in more detail in paragraphs

[1000] to

[1012] of Reference RF1.The term "polymer A”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises thermoplastic, e.g., polyamide or thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoset, e.g., polyurethane, elastomer, e.g., polybutadiene, or a copolymer or a mixture thereof and is defined in more detail in paragraphs

[2001] to

[2007] of Reference RF1.The term "polymer composition A”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises all compositions comprising a polymer as described above and one or more additive(s), e.g. reinforcement, colorant, modifier and / or flame retardant, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[2008] of Reference RF1.The term "polymer product A”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises any product comprising the polymer A and / or polymer composition A as described above and is de-fined in more detail in paragraphs

[2009] and

[2010] of Reference RF1 .The step(s) to obtain the polymer, preferably polymer A, polymer composition, preferably polymer composition A or polymer product, preferably polymer product A is / are described in more detail in paragraph

[2011] of Reference RF1 .The term "industrial use polymer”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises rhe-ology, polycarboxylate, alkoxylated polyalkylenamine, alkoxylated polyalkylenimine, polyether-based, dye inhibition and soil release cleaning polymers defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3035] to

[3044] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use surfactant”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric industrial use surfactants defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3008] to

[3034] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use descaling compound”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises non-phosphate based builders (NPB) and phosphonates (CoP) described in more detail in paragraphs

[3001] to

[3005] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use biocide”, as used herein, refers to a chemical compound that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth or reproduction defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3006] to

[3007] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use solvent”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises alkyl amides, alkyl lactamides, alkyl esters, lactate esters, alkyl diester, cyclic alkyl diester, cyclic carbonates, aromatic aldehydes and aromatic esters defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3045] to

[3055] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use dispersant”, as usedin the context of the product Q herein, comprises anionic and non-ionic industrial use dispersants defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3056] to

[3058] of Reference RF1. The term "composition and / or formulation thereof' with reference to the industrial use polymers, industrial use surfactants, descaling compounds and / or industrial use biocides refers to industrial use compositions and / or institutional use products and / or fabric and home care products and / or personal care products defined in more detail in paragraph

[3059] of Reference RF1 . The converting step(s) to obtain the industrial use polymer, industrial use surfactant, descaling compound and / or industrial use biocide are defined in more detail in paragraph

[3060] of Reference RF1. The converting steps to obtain the industrial use composition or formulation of the industrial use polymer, industrial use surfactant, descaling compound and / or industrial use biocide are defined in more detail in paragraph

[3061] of Reference RF1.The term "agrochemical composition”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, typically relates to a composition comprising an agrochemically active ingredient and at least one agro-chemical formulation auxiliary. Examples of agrochemical compositions, active ingredients and auxiliaries are described in more detail in Reference RF1, paragraph

[4001] ,The agrochemical composition may take the form of any customary formulation. The agro-chemical compositions are prepared in a known manner, e.g. described by Mollet and Grube-mann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005. The converting step(s) to obtain the agrochemically active ingredients and auxiliaries may be con-ducted in analogy to the production step(s) of their analogues that are based on petrochemicals or other precursors that are not gained by recycling processes. In addition, conversion to com-pounds mentioned in sections "Polymer” and "Cosmetic surfactant, emollient, wax, cosmetic polymer, UV filter, further cosmetic ingredient or compositions or formulations thereof' may be performed as described in these sections as well as the respective paragraphs in Reference RF1.The term active pharmaceutical ingredients and / or intermediates thereof, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises substances that provide pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or to affect the structure or any function of the body. Intermediates thereof are isolated products that are generated during a multi-step route of synthesis of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. The term pharmaceutical excipients, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises compounds or compound mixtures used in compositions for various pharmaceutical applications, which are not substantially pharmaceutically active on itself. Active pharmaceutical ingredients and / or intermediates thereof and pharmaceutical excipients are defined in more detail in para-graph

[5001] of Reference RF1.The converting step(s) to obtain the active pharmaceutical ingredients and / or intermediates thereof and pharmaceutical excipients may comprise one or more synthesis steps and can be performed by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to a person skilled in the art.The terms animal feed additives, human food additives, dietary supplements, as used in the con-text of the product Q herein, comprises Vitamins, Pro-Vitamins and active metabolites thereof including intermediates and precursors, especially Vitamin A, B, E, D, K and esters thereof, like acetate, propionate, palmitate esters or alcohols thereof like retinol or salts thereof and any combinations thereof; Tetraterpenes, especially isoprenoids like carotenoids and xanthophylls including their intermediates and precursors as well as mixtures and derivates thereof, especially beta carotene, Canthaxanthin, Citranaxanthin, Astaxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Lutein, Lycopene, Apo-carotenoids, and any combinations thereof; organic acids, especially formic acid, propionic acid and salts thereof, such as sodium, calcium or ammonium salts, and any combinations thereof, such as but not limited to mixtures of formic acid and sodium formiate, propionic acid and ammonium propionate, formic acid and propionic acid, formic acid and sodium formiate and propionic acid, propionic acid and sodium propionate and formic acid and sodium formiate; glycerides of carboxylic acids and short and medium chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids, such as omega-6 fatty acid (C18:2) methyl ester and 1 ,2-propandiol and beverage stabilizers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone-polymer or polyvinylimidazole / polyvinylpyrrolidone-copolymer. Animal feed additives, human food additives and dietary supplements are defined in more detail in paragraph

[5002] of Reference RF1.The converting step(s) to obtain the animal feed additives, human food additives, dietary supplements may comprise one or more synthesis steps and can be performed by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to a person skilled in the art.The terms aroma chemical and aroma composition as used in the context of the product Q here-in, comprise a volatile organic substance with a molecular weight between 70-250 g / mol comprising a functional group with a carbon skeleton of C5-C16 carbon atoms comprising linear, branched, cyclic, for example with a ring size of C5- C18, bicyclic or tricyclic aliphatic chains and but not necessarily one or more unsaturated structural elements like double bonds, triple bonds, aromatics or heteroaromatics and preferably the one or more additional functional groups are selected from alcohol, ether, ester, ketone, aldehyde, acetal, carboxylic acid, nitrile, thiol, amine. In one aspect, the aroma chemical is a terpene-based aroma chemical, for example selected from monoterpenes and monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes, triterpenes or tetraterpenes. Aroma chemicals can be combined with further aroma chemicals to give an aroma composition. Aroma chemicals and aroma compositions are defined in more de-tail in paragraph

[5003] of Reference RF1.The converting step(s) to obtain the aroma chemical and aroma composition may comprise one or more synthesis steps and can be performed by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to a person skilled in the art.The term "aqueous polymer dispersion”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises aqueous composition(s) comprising dispersed polymer(s) and is defined in more detail in the section

[6001] entitled "aqueous polymer dispersion” of Reference RF1. The dispersed polymer(s) may be selected from acrylic emulsion polymer(s), styrene acrylic emulsion polymer(s), styrene butadiene dispersion(s), aqueous dispersion(s) comprising composite particles, acrylate alkyd hybrid dispersion(s), polyurethane(s) (including UV-curable polyurethanes) and polyurethane- poly (meth)acrylate hybrid polymer(s). The term "emulsion polymer”, as used herein, comprises polymer(s) made by free-radical emulsion polymerization. Aqueous polyurethane dispersion(s) are defined in more detail in the section

[6002] entitled "Polyurethane dispersions” of Reference RF1. UV-curable polyurethane(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6017] of Reference RF1. Polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybrid polymer(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6016] of Reference RF1.The term "polymeric dispersant”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises preferably polymer(s) comprising polyether side chain, in particular polycarboxylate ether polymer(s) and polycondensation product(s) defined in more detail in paragraph

[6020] entitled "Polymeric dispersant” of Reference RF1.The converting (polymerization) step(s) to obtain the aqueous polymer dispersion(s) comprising emulsion polymer(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6003] entitled "Emulsion polymerization” of Reference RF1.The converting (polymerization) step(s) to obtain the aqueous polyurethane dispersion(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6014] entitled "Process for the preparation of aqueous poly-urethane dispersions” and section [6017)] entitled "Aqueous UV-curable polyurethane dispersions, their preparation and use and compositions containing them” of Reference RF1.Composition(s) and uses of aqueous polymer dispersion(s) and of polymeric dispersant(s) are defined in more detail in the following sections of Reference RF1 : section

[6004] entitled "Uses of aqueous polymer dispersions”, section

[6005] entitled "Binders for architectural and construction coatings” section

[6006] entitled "Binders for paper coating” section

[6007] entitled "Binders for fiber bonding” section

[6008] entitled "Adhesive polymers and adhesive compositions” section

[6015] entitled "Aqueous polyurethane dispersions suitable for use in coating compositions” section

[6016] entitled "Aqueous polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybride polymer dispersions suitable for use in coating compositions” section

[6017] entitled "Aqueous UV-curable polyurethane dispersions, their preparation and use and compositions containing them” section

[6018] entitled "Inorganic binder compositions comprising polymeric dispersants and their use”

[6019] 100% curable coating compositionsUV-crosslinkable poly(meth)acrylate(s) and its / their uses are defined in more detail in section

[6009] entitled "UV- crosslinkable poly(meth)acrylates for use in UV-curable solvent-free hot melt adhesives and their use for making pressure-sensitive self-adhesive articles” of Reference RF1.Polyisocyanate(s), composition(s) comprising them and their uses are defined in more detail in section

[6010] entitled "Polyisocyanates” of Reference RF1.Hyperbranched polyester polyol(s) and its / their uses are defined in more detail in section

[6011] entitled "Organic solvent based hyperbranched polyester polyols suitable for use in coating com-positions” of Reference RF1. The converting step(s) to obtain the hyperbranched polyester polyols is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6012] entitled "Preparation of organic solvent based hyperbranched polyester polyols” of Reference RF1 . Coating composition(s) comprising hyperbranched polyester polyol(s), polyisocyanate(s) and additive(s) and substrate(s) coated therewith are defined in more detail in section

[6013] entitled "Organic solvent based two component coating compositions comprising hyperbranched polyester polyols and polyisocyanates” of Reference RF1.Unsaturated polyester polyol(s), solvent-based coating composition(s) comprising said unsatu-rated polyester polyol(s) and substrate(s) for coating with said coating composition(s) are defined in more detail in section

[6018] entitled "Organic solvent based coating composition comprising unsaturated polyester polyols” of Reference RF1. 100% curable coating composition(s) is / are defined in more detail in section

[6019] of Reference RF1.Polymeric dispersant(s) for inorganic binder compositions is / are defined in more detail in section

[6020] of Reference RF1. The inorganic binder composition(s) comprising the polymeric dispersants and their use are defined in more detail in section

[6021] of Reference RF1. The converting step(s) to obtain the polymeric dispersant(s) are defined in more detail in section

[6020] of Reference RF1. The term "inorganic binder composition” comprising the polymeric dispersant(s), as used herein, comprises preferably in particular hydraulically setting compositions and compositions comprising calcium sulfate and is defined in more detail in section

[6021] of Reference RF1 entitled "Inorganic binder compositions comprising the polymeric dispersant and their use”. Specific building material formulation(s) comprising polymeric dispersant(s) or building product(s) produced by a building material formulation comprising a polymeric dispersant are disclosed in more detail in section

[6021] of Reference RF1.The term "cosmetic surfactant”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7002] of Reference RF1 . The term "emollient”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, refers to a chemical compound used for protecting, moisturizing, and / or lubricating the skin and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7003] of Reference RF1. The term "wax”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises pearlizers and opacifiers and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7004] of Reference RF1 . The term "cosmetic polymer”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises any polymer that can be used as an ingredient in a cosmetic formulation and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7005] of Reference RF1 . The term "UV filter”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, refers to a chemical compound that blocks or absorbs ultraviolet light and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7006] of Reference RF1 . The term "further cosmetic ingredient”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises any ingredient suitable for making a cosmetic formulation. Several sources disclose cosmetically acceptable ingredients. E. g. the database Cosing on the internet pages of the European Com-mission discloses cosmetic ingredients and the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, edited by the Personal Care Products Council (PCPC), discloses cosmetic ingredients. The term "composition and / or formulation thereof” with reference to thecosmetic surfactant, emollient, wax, cosmetic polymer, UV filter and / or further cosmetic ingredient refers to personal care and / or cosmetic compositions or formulations defined in more detail in paragraph

[7007] of Reference RF1 . The converting step(s) to obtain the cosmetic surfactant, emollient, wax, cosmetic polymer, UV filter or further cosmetic ingredient is / are defined in more detail in paragraph

[7008] of Reference RF1.The terms "polymer B”, "polymer composition B”, "coating composition”, "other functional com-position”, "foil”, "molded body”, "coating” and "coated substrate” are well known to the person skilled in the art and are defined in more detail from paragraph

[8000] to

[8005] of Reference RF1.The present invention is further illustrated by the following set of embodiments and combinations of embodiments resulting from the dependencies and back-references as indicated. In particular, it is noted that in each instance where a range of embodiments is mentioned, for example in the context of a term such as "The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 3", every embodiment in this range is meant to be explicitly disclosed for the skilled person, i.e. the wording of this term is to be understood by the skilled person as being synonymous to "The process of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3". Further, it is explicitly noted that the following set of embodiments represents a suitably structured part of the general description directed to preferred aspects of the present invention, and, thus, suitably supports, but is not the set of claims of the present invention.1. A process comprising: a) providing a solid rubber-based material R comprising carbon black; b) subjecting the solid rubber-based material R to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream SF comprising a pyrolysis oil 01 comprising at least one component which comprises one or more of N, P, O, S, Si, F, Cl, Br and I, and further obtaining a solid material C comprising carbon black; c) subjecting the stream SF to at least one thermal treatment, obtaining at least one stream comprising ethyne, wherein c) comprises c.1) subjecting the stream SF to cracking conditions, obtaining a stream Ss comprising methane and ethyne; c.2) subjecting the stream Ss to c.2.1) partial combustion in the presence of molecular oxygen, obtaining a stream SEI comprising ethyne; or c.2.2) one or more separation steps, obtaining a stream SEO comprising ethyne and a stream SM comprising methane.2. The process of embodiment 1, wherein the solid rubber-based material R is obtained from one or more of end-of-life tires, belts, tubes, coverings, lining materials, retreading materials, mountings, gaskets, conveyor belts, hoses, shoe soles, clothing, flooring, car bumpers, gloves, rubber bands, umbrellas, balloons and braces, preferably from end-of-life tires.3. The process of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the rubber comprised in the rubber-based material R provided according to a) comprises one or more of at least a natural rubber material and at least a synthetic rubber material.4. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the solid rubber-based material R provided according to a) further comprises one or more of N-octyl-pyrrolidone and 4-tert-buty Iphenol-acety lene polymer.5. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein providing the solid rubber-based material R according to a) comprises shredding and / or cutting the solid rubber-based material R, obtaining shredded and / or cut solid rubber-based material R.6. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein subjecting the solid rubber-based material R to pyrolysis conditions according to b) is performed in a pyrolysis reactor RP, wherein RP is selected from the group consisting of a rotary kiln, a fluidized bed reactor, a moving bed reactor, an entrained flow reactor, and a stirred tank reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reactor RP is preferably a rotary kiln.7. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the pyrolysis conditions according to b) comprise a pyrolysis temperature in the range of from 350 to 900 °C, preferably in the range of from 375 to 650 °C, more preferably in the range of from 400 to 550 °C.8. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein subjecting the solid rubber-based material R to pyrolysis conditions according to b) comprises b.1 ) feeding the solid rubber-based material R provided according to a) into a pyrolysis reactor RP; b.2) heating the solid rubber-based material R in the pyrolysis reactor RP to the pyrolysis temperature, obtaining a gas stream SGS and the solid material C; b.3) removing the gas stream SGS from the pyrolysis reactor RP and subjecting SGS to condensation conditions in a gas-liquid separation unit LGU, obtaining the stream SF comprising the pyrolysis oil 01 ; b.4) removing the solid material C from the pyrolysis reactor RP.9. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein subjecting the solid rubber-based material R to pyrolysis conditions according to b) comprises b.T) feeding the solid rubber-based material R provided according to a) into a pyrolysis reactor RP; b.2') heating the solid rubber-based material R in the pyrolysis reactor RP to the pyrolysis temperature, obtaining a gas stream SGS and the solid material C; b.3') removing the gas stream SGS from the pyrolysis reactor RP and subjecting SGS to condensation conditions in a gas-liquid separation unit LGU, obtaining a stream SF' comprising a pyrolysis oil O'; b.4') removing the solid material C from the pyrolysis reactor RP;b.5') contacting the stream SF' obtained according to b.3') with a stream SH comprising molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst under hydrotreatment conditions in the purification unit PU, obtaining the stream SF comprising the pyrolysis oil 01 depleted, compared to O', in the one or more of the at least one component which comprises one or more of N, P, 0, S, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I. The process of embodiment 9, wherein the hydrotreatment conditions comprise a hydrotreatment temperature in the range of from 100 to 500 °C, preferably in the range of from 200 to 400 °C. The process of embodiment 9 or 10, wherein the hydrotreatment conditions comprise a hydrotreatment pressure in the range of from 10 to 200 bar(abs), preferably in the range of from 60 to 120 bar(abs). The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 11, further comprising, after b) and prior to c), passing at least a portion of the stream SF comprising the pyrolysis oil 01 into a solid removal unit SR for removing solids, wherein SR is one or more of a filter, a centrifuge, a decanter, and a decanter centrifuge. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein subjecting the stream SF to cracking conditions according to c.1 ) is performed in a steam cracker. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the cracking conditions comprise a cracking temperature in the range of from 400 to 1000 °C, preferably in the range of from 500 to 900 °C. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the partial combustion according to c.2.1) comprises c.2.1 .1) preheating the stream Ss to a temperature in the range of from 600 to 2000 °C, preferably in the range of from 800 to 1800 °C; c.2.1 .2) preheating a stream So comprising molecular oxygen to a temperature in the range of from 600 to 2000 °C, preferably in the range of from 800 to 1800 °C; c.2.1 .3) mixing the preheated stream Ss with the preheated stream So, obtaining a stream Sso; c.2.1.4) subjecting the stream Sso to partial combustion conditions, obtaining a stream SA; c.2.1 .5) providing a stream SL comprising a liquid adsorbent; c.2.1 .6) contacting a portion of the stream SL with the stream SA, obtaining a stream SR comprising one or more of an aromatic compound, butane, iso-butane, and C3-C20 -substituted acetylene, and a stream SEHC comprising one or more of ethyne, hydrogen and carbon monoxide; c.2.1.7) contacting a portion of the stream SL with the stream SEHC, obtaining a stream SEI comprising ethyne depleted, compared to SEHC, in one or more of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and a stream SHC comprising one or more of hydrogen and carbon monoxide depleted, compared to SEHC, in ethyne;wherein W1 < W2, wherein the weight ratio W1 is the weight ratio of the portion of the stream SL to the stream SA during contacting according to c.2.1.4) and wherein the weight ratio W2 is the weight ratio of the portion of the stream SL to the stream SEHC during contacting according to c.2.1 .7).16. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the process further comprises c.2.3) subjecting the stream SM to partial combustion conditions in the presence of molecular oxygen in a partial combustion unit PCU2, obtaining a stream SE2 comprising ethyne.17. The process of embodiment 16, wherein the partial combustion according to c.2.3) comprises c.2.3.1) preheating at least a portion of the stream SM to a temperature in the range of from 600 to 2000°C, preferably in the range of from 800 to 1800 °C; c.2.3.2) preheating a stream So' comprising molecular oxygen to a temperature in the range of from 600 to 2000 °C, preferably in the range of from 800 to 1800 °C; c.2.3.3) mixing the preheated stream SM with the preheated stream So', obtaining a stream Sso'; c.2.3.4) subjecting the stream Sso' to partial combustion conditions, obtaining a stream SA'; c.2.3.5) providing a stream SL' comprising a liquid adsorbent; c.2.3.6) contacting a portion of the stream SL' with the stream SA', obtaining a stream SR' comprising at least one or more of an aromatic compound, butane, isobutane, and C3-C20 substituted acetylene, and a stream SEHCO' comprising one or more of ethyne, hydrogen and carbon monoxide; c.2.3.7) contacting a portion of the stream SL' with the stream SEHCO', obtaining a stream SE2 comprising ethyne depleted, compared to SEHCO’, in one or more of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and a stream SHCO' comprising one or more of hydrogen and carbon monoxide depleted, compared to SEHCO’, in ethyne; wherein WT < W2', wherein the weight ratio WT is the weight ratio of the portion of the stream SL' to the stream SA' during contacting according to c.2.3.6) and wherein the weight ratio W2' is the weight ratio of the portion of the stream SL' to the stream SEHCO' during contacting according to c.2.3.7).18. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 17, further comprising d) reacting one or more of the streams SEI , SEO and SE2 with para-tert-butylphenol, preferably in the presence of a catalyst, obtaining a chemical product P comprising, preferably consisting of, a 4-tert- butylphenol-acetylene polymer.19. The process of embodiment 18, wherein reacting according to d) is performed at a temperature in the range of from 150 to 300 °C, preferably in the range of from 190 to 230 °C.20. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 19, further comprising e) converting one or more of the streams SEI , SEO and SE2 into a stream SBD comprising 1 ,4-butanediol, wherein e) comprisese.1 ) providing a stream SFA comprising, preferably consisting of, formaldehyde; e.2) bringing in contact one or more of the streams SEI , SEO and SE2 with the stream SFA, obtaining a stream SBYD comprising 1 ,4-butynediol; e.3) subjecting the stream SBYD to hydrogenation conditions, obtaining the stream SBD. The process of embodiment 20, further comprising f) converting the stream SBD into the stream SOP comprising N-octyl-pyrrolidone, wherein f) comprises f.1 ) subjecting the stream SBD to dehydration and cyclization conditions, obtaining a stream SYBA comprising y-butyrolactone; f.2) providing a stream SOA comprising, preferably consisting of, N-octylamine; f.3) bringing in contact the stream SYBA with the stream SOA, obtaining a stream Sop. The process of embodiment 21 , wherein providing the stream SOA according to f.2) comprises f.2.1 ) providing a stream SAM comprising ammonia; f.2.2) providing a stream Soo comprising octanol, preferably 1 -octanol; f.2.3) bringing in contact the stream SAM with the stream Soo, obtaining a stream SOA comprising N- octylamine. The process of any one of embodiments 20 to 22, wherein providing the stream SFA according to e.1) comprises e.1.1) subjection at least a portion of the stream SF to gasification, obtaining a stream Sco comprising CO and a stream SH2 comprising H2; e.1 .2) subjecting a mixture of CO and H2, wherein at least a portion of Sco and / or at least a portion of SH2 is used for this mixture, preferably at least a portion of Sco and at least a portion of SH2 is used for this mixture, to a chemical conversion in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, obtaining a stream MM2 comprising methanol; e.1.3) subjecting the stream MM2 to partial oxidation conditions, obtaining a stream SFA. A process for manufacturing a solid rubber-based material, preferably a tire, said process comprising using at least one of a chemical product P comprising 4-tert-buty Iphenol-acety lene polymer obtainable or obtained by a process according to embodiment 18 or 19,N-octyl-pyrrolidone obtainable or obtained by a process according to embodiment 21 , and a solid material C comprising carbon black obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23. A recycling process for preparing a pyrolysis oil, the process comprising: providing a tire, comprising performing the process according to embodiment 24;subjecting the tire to pyrolysis, obtaining a pyrolysis oil.26. A unit U for carrying out the process for preparing ethyne from a solid rubber-based material R according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23, the unit comprising a pyrolysis reactor RP, means for introducing the solid rubber-based material R into the pyrolysis reactor RP, means for removing the stream SGS from the pyrolysis reactor RP; a gas-liquid separation unit LGU, means for introducing the stream SGS into LGU, means for removing SF' from LGU; a purification unit PU, means for passing at least a portion of the stream SF' in the purification unit PU, means for removing the stream SF from the purification unit PU; a cracker CU; means for introducing at least portion of the stream SF in the cracker CU; means for removing the stream Ss from the cracker CU; wherein the unit U further comprises either a partial combustion unit PCU, means for introducing the stream Ss into the partial combustion unit PCU; means for removing the stream SEI from the partial combustion unit PCU; or one or more separation units SU, means for introducing the stream Ss into the one or more separation units SU, means for removing the stream SEO and means for removing the stream SM from the one or more separation units SU.27. The unit U according to embodiment 26, further comprising arranged downstream of the one or more separation units SU, a partial combustion unit PCU2 for the treatment of the stream SM; means for introducing the stream SM into the partial combustion unit PCU2, means for removing the stream SE2 from the partial combustion unit PCU2.28. The unit U according to embodiment 26 or 27, further comprising, arranged downstream of the partial combustion unit PCU or the partial combustion unit PCU2, one or more chemical conversion units CCU, means for introducing one or more of SEI, SEO and SE2 into the one or more chemical conversion units CCU, means for removing the chemical product P from the one or more chemical conversion units CCU.29. A process, preferably according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23, comprising the step of converting the 4- tert-butylphenol-acetylene polymer obtainable or obtained by a process according to embodiment 18 or 19, and / or the N-octyl-pyrrolidone obtainable or obtained by a process according to embodiment 21, and / or the solid material C obtainable or obtained according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23, and / or a chemical material obtainable by or obtained by the process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23 to obtain a product Q.30. The process of embodiment 29, wherein the product Q is selected from building block or monomer; orpolymer, preferably polymer A, polymer composition, preferably polymer composition A, or polymer product, preferably polymer product A; or industrial use polymer, industrial use surfactant, descaling compound, industrial use biocide, industrial use solvent, industrial use dispersant, composition thereof or formulation thereof; or agrochemical composition, agrochemical formulation auxiliary or agrochemically active ingredient; or active pharmaceutical ingredient or intermediate thereof, pharmaceutical excipient, animal feed additive, human food additive, dietary supplements, aroma chemical or aroma composition; or aqueous polymer dispersion, preferably polyurethane or polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybrid polymer dispersion, emulsion, binder for paper and fiber coatings, UV-curable acrylic polymer for hot melts and coatings polyisocyanates, hyperbranched polyester polyol, polymeric dispersant for inorganic binder compositions, unsaturated polyester polyol or 100% curable composition; or cosmetic surfactant, emollient, wax, cosmetic polymer, UV filter, further cosmetic ingredient or composition or formulation thereof; or polymer B, polymer composition B, coating composition, other functional composition, foil, molded body, coating or coated substrate. The process of embodiment 29 or 30, wherein the content of the 4-tert-buty I phenol-acety lene polymer obtainable or obtained by a process according to embodiment 18 or 19, and / or of the N-octyl-pyrrolidone obtainable or obtained by a process according to embodiment 21, and / or of the solid material C obtainable or obtained according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23, and / or of the chemical material obtainable by or obtained by the process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23 in the product Q is 1 weight-% or more, preferably 2 weight-% or more, more preferably 5 weight-% or more, more preferably 15 weight-% or more, more preferably 30 weight-% or more, more preferably 40 weight-% or more, more preferably 60 weight-% or more, more preferably 80 weight-% or more, more preferably 90 weight-% or more, more preferably 95 weight-% or more; and / or wherein the content of the 4-tert-buty Iphenol-acety lene polymer obtainable or obtained by a process according to embodiment 18 or 19, and / or of the N-octyl-pyrrolidone obtainable or obtained by a process according to embodiment 21 , and / or of the solid material C obtainable or obtained according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23, and / or of the chemical material obtainable by or obtained by the process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23 in product Q is 100 weight-% or less, preferably 95 weight-% or less, more preferably 90 weight-% or less, more preferably 50 weight-% or less, more preferably 25 weight-% or less, more preferably 10 weight-% or less; and preferably wherein the content is determined based on identity preservation and / or segregation and / or mass balance and / or book and claim chain of custody models, preferably based on mass balance, preferably the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) standard.It is explicitly noted that the above set of embodiments represents a suitably structured part of the general description directed to preferred aspects of the present invention, and, thus, suitably supports, but is not set of claims of the present invention.In the context of the present invention, the terms "ethyne” and "acetylene” can be used interchangeably.In the context of the present invention, a term "X is one or more of A, B and C”, wherein X is a given feature and each of A, B and C stands for specific realization of said feature, is to be understood as disclosing that X is either A, or B, or C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, or A and B and C. In this regard, it is noted that the skilled person is capable of transfer to above abstract term to a concrete example, e.g. where X is a chemical element and A, B and C are concrete elements such as Li, Na, and K, or X is a temperature and A, B and C are concrete temperatures such as 10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C. In this regard, it is further noted that the skilled person is capable of extending the above term to less specific realizations of said feature, e.g. "X is one or more of A and B” disclosing that X is either A, or B, or A and B, or to more specific realizations of said feature, e.g. "X is one or more of A, B, C and D”, disclosing that X is either A, or B, or C, or D, or A and B, or A and C, or A and D, or B and C, or B and D, or C and D, or A and B and C, or A and B and D, or B and C and D, or A and B and C and D.Brief description of the figureFigure 1 shows a process according to the present invention. According to this process, a solid rubber-based material M comprising carbon black is passed into a pyrolysis reactor RP. In the pyrolysis reactor RP, the solid rubber-based material M is subjected to pyrolysis. By said pyrolysis a stream SF comprising a pyrolysis oil 01 and a solid material C comprising carbon black are obtained and removed from RP. The stream SF is passed into a cracker CU. In the cracker CU, the stream SF is subjected to cracking. By said cracking, stream Ss comprising methane and ethyne is obtained and removed from CU. Further preferably, the process of the present invention comprises downstream of CU, a partial combustion unit PCU and one or more separation units SU. Preferably, at least a portion of the stream Ss is introduced into PCU and subjected to partial combustion in the presence of molecular oxygen. By said partial combustion, a stream SEI comprising ethyne is obtained and removed from PCU. Alternatively, at least a portion of the stream Ss is introduced into SU and subjected to one or more separation steps. According to these one or more separation steps, a stream SEO comprising ethyne is obtained and a stream SM comprising methanol is obtained and removed from SU.Figure 2 illustrates a preferred design of the unit U. According to this design, a gas-liquid separation unit LGU is positioned downstream of RP and upstream of CU. Further, a partial combustion unit PCU2 is positioned downstream of SU, and the one or more chemical conversion units CCU are located downstream of either PCU or SU and PCU2.Figure 3 illustrates a preferred design of the unit U with regard to the purification unit PU. According to this design, a purification unit PU is positioned downstream of LGU and upstream of CU.Cited literatureWO 2023 / 280814 A1"CHAPTER TWO - Distillate Hydrotreating'', Refinery Refining Processes Handbook, 2003, Pages 29-61 Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Ed. 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Ethylene, Ch. 5.1, pages 469-475Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Ed. 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Acetylene, Ch. 4.2A. O. Zoss, et al., "Preparation and Properties of Alkylphenol-Acetylene Resins”, Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 1, 73-77DE642886DE645112Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Ed. 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Butanediols, Butenediol and ButynediolCN 1249032CN107129454 AUllmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Ed. 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Methanol, Ch. 5Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Ed. 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Formaldehyde, Ch. 4.1 and 4.2Prior Art Disclosure; Issue 684; paragraphs

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[8005] ; ISSN: 2198-4786; published: February 12, 2024 Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005Database Cosing on the internet pages of the European Commission discloses cosmetic ingredient and the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, edited by the Personal Care Products Council (PCPC)

Claims

Claims1. A process comprising: a) providing a solid rubber-based material R comprising carbon black; b) subjecting the solid rubber-based materials R to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream SF comprising a pyrolysis oil 01 comprising at least one component which comprises one or more of N, P, 0, S, Si, F, Cl, Br and I, and further obtaining a solid material C comprising carbon black; c) subjecting the stream SF to at least one thermal treatment, obtaining at least one stream comprising ethyne, wherein c) comprises c.1) subjecting the stream SF to cracking conditions, obtaining a stream Ss comprising methane and ethyne; c.2) subjecting the stream Ss to c.2.1) partial combustion in the presence of molecular oxygen, obtaining a stream SEI comprising ethyne; or c.2.2) one or more separation steps, obtaining a stream SEO comprising ethyne and a stream SM comprising methane; c.2.3) optionally subjecting the stream SM to partial combustion conditions in the presence of molecular oxygen in a partial combustion unit PCU2, obtaining a stream SE2 comprising ethyne; the process further comprising d), and / or further comprising e) and f): d) reacting one or more of the streams SEI and SEO with para-tert-butylphenol, obtaining a chemical product P comprising a 4-tert-butylphenol-acetylene polymer; e) converting one or more of the streams SEI and SEO into a stream SBD comprising 1 ,4-butanediol, wherein e) comprises e.1 ) providing a stream SFA comprising formaldehyde; e.2) bringing in contact one or more of the streams SEI and SEO with the stream SFA, obtaining a stream SBYD comprising 1 ,4-butynediol; e.3) subjecting the stream SBYD to hydrogenation conditions, obtaining the stream SBD; f) converting the stream SBD into the stream SOP comprising N-octyl-pyrrolidone, wherein f) comprises f.1 ) subjecting the stream SBD to dehydration and cyclization conditions, obtaining a stream SYBA comprising y-butyrolactone; f.2) providing a stream SOA comprising N-octylamine; f.3) bringing in contact the stream SYBA with the stream SOA, obtaining a stream SOP comprising N- octyl-pyrrolidone.

2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid rubber-based material R is obtained from one or more of end-of-life tires, belts, tubes, coverings, lining materials, retreading materials, mountings, gaskets, conveyor belts, hoses, shoe soles, clothing, flooring, car bumpers, gloves, rubber bands, umbrellas, balloons and braces.

3. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein the solid rubber-based material R provided according to a) further comprises one or more of N-octyl-pyrrolidone and 4-tert-buty Iphenol-acety lene polymer.

4. The process of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein providing the solid rubber-based material R according to a) comprises shredding and / or cutting the solid rubber-based material R, obtaining shredded and / or cut solid rubber-based material R.

5. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein subjecting the solid rubber-based material R to pyrolysis conditions according to b) comprises b.T) feeding the solid rubber-based material R provided according to a) into a pyrolysis reactor RP; b.2') heating the solid rubber-based material R in the pyrolysis reactor RP to the pyrolysis temperature, obtaining a gas stream SGS and the solid material C; b.3') removing the gas stream SGS from the pyrolysis reactor RP and subjecting SGS to condensation conditions in a gas-liquid separation unit LGU, obtaining a stream SF' comprising a pyrolysis oil O'; b.4') removing the solid material C from the pyrolysis reactor RP; b.5') contacting the stream SF' obtained according to b.3') with a stream SH comprising molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst under hydrotreatment conditions in the purification unit PU, obtaining the stream SF comprising the pyrolysis oil 01 depleted, compared to O', in the one or more of the at least one component which comprises one or more of N, P, 0, S, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I.

6. The process of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the partial combustion according to c.2.1) comprises c.2.1.1) preheating the stream Ss to a temperature in the range of from 600 to 2000 °C; c.2.1 .2) preheating a stream So comprising molecular oxygen to a temperature in the range of from 600 to 2000 °C; c.2.1 .3) mixing the preheated stream Ss with the preheated stream So, obtaining a stream Sso; c.2.1.4) subjecting the stream Sso to partial combustion conditions, obtaining a stream SA; c.2.1 .5) providing a stream SL comprising a liquid adsorbent; c.2.1 .6) contacting a portion of the stream SL with the stream SA, obtaining a stream SR comprising one or more of an aromatic compound, butane, isobutane, and C3-C20 -substituted acetylene, and a stream SEHC comprising one or more of ethyne, hydrogen and carbon monoxide; c.2.1.7) contacting a portion of the stream SL with the stream SEHC, obtaining a stream SEI comprising ethyne depleted, compared to SEHC, in one or more of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and a stream SHC comprising one or more of hydrogen and carbon monoxide depleted, compared to SEHC, in ethyne; wherein W1 < W2, wherein the weight ratio W1 is the weight ratio of the portion of the stream SL to the stream SA during contacting according to c.2.1.4) and wherein the weight ratio W2 is the weight ratio of the portion of the stream SL to the stream SEHC during contacting according to c.2.1.7).

7. The process of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein providing the stream SOA according to f.2) comprises f.2.1 ) providing a stream SAM comprising ammonia; f.2.2) providing a stream Soo comprising octanol; f.2.3) bringing in contact the stream SAM with the stream Soo, obtaining a stream SOA comprising N- octylamine.

8. The process of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein providing the stream SFA according to e.1) comprises e.1.1) subjection at least a portion of the stream SF to gasification, obtaining a stream Sco comprising CO and a stream SH2 comprising H2; e.1 .2) subjecting a mixture of CO and H2, wherein at least a portion of Sco and / or at least a portion of SH2 is used for this mixture is used for this mixture, to a chemical conversion in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, obtaining a stream MM2 comprising methanol; e.1.3) subjecting the stream MM2 to partial oxidation conditions, obtaining a stream SFA.

9. A process for manufacturing a solid rubber-based material said process comprising using at least one of a chemical product P comprising 4-tert-butylphenol-acetylene polymer obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, N-octyl-pyrrolidone obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and a solid material C comprising carbon black obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A unit U for carrying out the process for preparing ethyne from a solid rubber-based material R according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the unit comprising a pyrolysis reactor RP, means for introducing the solid rubber-based material R into the pyrolysis reactor RP, means for removing the stream SGS from the pyrolysis reactor RP; a gas-liquid separation unit LGU, means for introducing the stream SGS into LGU, means for removing SF' from LGU; a purification unit PU, means for passing at least a portion of the stream SF' in the purification unit PU, means for removing the stream SF from the purification unit PU; a cracker CU; means for introducing at least portion of the stream SF in the cracker CU; means for removing the stream Ss from the cracker CU; wherein the unit U further comprises either a partial combustion unit PCU, means for introducing the stream Ss into the partial combustion unit PCU; means for removing the stream SEI from the partial combustion unit PCU; or one or more separation units SU, means for introducing the stream Ss into the one or more separation units SU, means for removing the stream SEO and means for removing the stream SM from the one or more separation units SU.11 . The unit U according to claim 10, further comprising arranged downstream of the one or more separation units SU, a partial combustion unit PCU2 for the treatment of the stream SM; means for introducing the stream SM into the partial combustion unit PCU2, means for removing the stream SE2 from the partial combustion unit PCU2.

12. The unit U according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising, arranged downstream of the partial combustion unit PCU or the partial combustion unit PCU2, one or more chemical conversion units CCU, means for introducing one or more of SEI , SEO and SE2 into the one or more chemical conversion units CCU, means for removing the chemical product P from the one or more chemical conversion units CCU.

13. A process, preferably according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the step of converting the 4-tert- butylphenol-acetylene polymer obtainable or obtained according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the N-octyl- pyrrolidone obtainable or obtained according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the solid material C obtainable or obtained according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or a chemical material obtainable by or obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, to obtain a product Q.

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